Validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the displaced aggression questionnaire

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the Dutch displaced aggression questionnaire

	α	r	mean ± SD	Skewness	SE	Kurtosis	SE
Anger rumination	0.924	0.552	3.36 ± 1.32	0.474	0.12	-0.437	0.24
Behavioral displaced aggression	0.925	0.558	2.43 ± 1.13	0.909	0.12	0.545	0.24
Revenge planning	0.921	0.556	1.89 ± 0.97	2.138	0.12	5.376	0.24
Total	0.95	0.392	2.56 ± 0.94	0.992	0.12	1.498	0.24

r: Inter-item correlations; SD: Standard deviation; SE: Standard error.

Table 2 Correlations between the displaced aggression questionnaire and the State-Trait Anger Scale, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Ten-Item Personality Inventory extraversion, Aggression questionnaire, How I think questionnaire, and the Novaco Anger Scale

	Anger rumination	Behavioral displaced aggression	Revenge planning
Anger rumination	-	r = 0.529c, 95%CI = 0.452-0.599	r = 570c, 95%CI = 0.499-0.631
Behavioral displaced aggression	r = 0.529c, 95%CI = 0.452-0.599	-	r = 0.510c, 95%CI = 0.406-0.602
Revenge planning	r = 0.570c, 95%CI = 0.499-0.631	r = 0.510c, 95%CI = 0.406-0.602	-
STAS state	r = 0.317c, 95%CI = 0.233-0.398	r = 0.290c, 95%CI = 0.204-0.385	r = 0.465b, 95%CI = 0.323-0.597
STAS trait	r = 0.475c, 95%CI = 0.389-0.556	r = 0.515c, 95%CI = 0.415-0.605	r = 0.546b, 95%CI = 0.420-0.665
LSAS anxiety	r = 0.320c, 95%CI = 0.230-0.408	r = 0.267c, 95%CI = 0.159-0.371	r = 0.253b, 95%CI = 0.123-0.381
LSAS avoidance	r = 0.308c, 95%CI = 0.214-0.404	r = 0.236c, 95%CI = 0.133-0.337	r = 0.263b, 95%CI = 0.156-0.376
BIS-11 total	r = 0.185c, 95%CI = 0.088-0.274	r = 0.200c, 95%CI = 0.105-0.288	r = 0.379c, 95%CI = 0.283-0.469
TIPI extraversion	r = -0.099a, 95%CI = -0.181-0.000	r = -0.034, 95%CI = -0.127-0.064	r = -0.111a, 95%CI = -0.198--0.014
AQ physical	r = 0.311c, 95%CI = 0.215-0.399	r = 0.332c, 95%CI = 0.232-0.425	r = 0.611b, 95%CI = 0.516-0.698
AQ verbal	r = 0.250c, 95%CI = 0.161-0.346	r = 0.259c, 95%CI = 0.173-0.351	r = 0.321b, 95%CI = 0.236-0.409
AQ anger	r = 0.511c, 95%CI = 0.429-0.587	r = 0.581c, 95%CI = 0.491-0.664	r = 0.497b, 95%CI = 0.382-0.597
AQ hostility	r = 0.502c, 95%CI = 0.419-0.581	r = 0.411c, 95%CI = 0.320-0.501	r = 0.481b, 95%CI = 0.381-0.571
HIT self-centered	r = 0.215c, 95%CI = 0.123-0.307	r = 0.325c, 95%CI = 0.225-0.416	r = 0.517b, 95%CI = 0.412-0.612
HIT blaming others	r = 0.275c, 95%CI = 0.193-0.349	r = 0.370c, 95%CI = 0.283-0.452	r = 0.557b, 95%CI = 0.459-0.652
HIT minimizing/mislabeling	r = 0.267c, 95%CI = 0.178-0.349	r = 0.321c, 95%CI = 0.220-0.411	r = 0.588b, 95%CI = 0.494-0.674
HIT assuming the worst	r = 0.278c, 95%CI = 0.201-0.351	r = 0.329c, 95%CI = 0.232-0.422	r = 0.542b, 95%CI = 0.428-0.643
HIT opposition defiance	r = 0.312c, 95%CI = 0.222-0.397	r = 0.387c, 95%CI = 0.295-0.473	r = 0.586b, 95%CI = 0.488-0.676
HIT physical aggression	r = 0.286c, 95%CI = 0.200-0.364	r = 0.360c, 95%CI = 0.272-0.445	r = 0.617b, 95%CI = 0.518-0.705
HIT lying	r = 0.278c, 95%CI = 0.186-0.368	r = 0.298c, 95%CI = 0.218-0.388	r = 0.461c, 95%CI = 0.369-0.554
HIT stealing	r = 0.122a, 95%CI = 0.042-0.204	r = 0.239c, 95%CI = 0.144-0.336	r = 0.432c, 95%CI = 0.309-0.543
NAS cognition	r = 0.572c, 95%CI = 0.487-0.649	r = 0.441c, 95%CI = 0.336-0.530	r = 0.539c, 95%CI = 0.420-0.635
NAS arousal	r = 0.638c, 95%CI = 0.566-0.704	r = 0.542c, 95%CI = 0.442-0.622	r = 0.534c, 95%CI = 0.420-0.636
NAS behavior	r = 0.417c, 95%CI = 0.329-0.501	r = 0.504c, 95%CI = 0.411-0.588	r = 0.640c, 95%CI = 0.528-0.734
NAS PI	r = 0.417c, 95%CI = 0.325-0.505	r = 0.434c, 95%CI = 0.347-0.516	r = 0.412c, 95%CI = 0.329-0.503

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.02.

^cP < 0.001. CI: Confidence interval; STAS: State-Trait Anger Scale; LSAS: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; BIS-11: Barratt Impulsivity Scale; TIPI: Ten-Item Personality Inventory; AQ: Aggression questionnaire; HIT: How I think questionnaire; NAS: Novaco Anger Scale; PI: Provocation Inventory.

Table 3 Standardized results of Bayesian path analysis with 95% credibility intervals

Dependent variable	Parameter	Estimate (β)	95%CI (lower 2.5%-upper 2.5%)
Anger rumination	Social anxiety	0.171	(0.003, 0.3351)
	Social avoidance	0.095	(-0.072, 0.26)
	Cognitive distortions SC	-0.069	(-0.237-0.102)
	Cognitive distortions BO	0.05	(-0.155, 0.253)
	Cognitive distortions MM	0.091	(-0.103, 0.283)
	Cognitive distortions AW	0.132	(-0.075, 0.335)
Revenge planning	Social anxiety	0.042	(-0.103, 0.185)
	Social avoidance	0.048	(-0.097, 0.192)
	Cognitive distortions SC	0.037	(-0.11, 0.183)
	Cognitive distortions BO	0.157	(-0.02, 0.331)
	Cognitive distortions MM	0.357	(0.189, 0.5191)
	Cognitive distortions AW	0.042	(-0.137, 0.219)
Behavioral displaced aggression	Social anxiety	0.184	(0.017, 0.3461)
	Social avoidance	-0.018	(-0.183, 0.148)
	Cognitive distortions SC	0.114	(-0.055, 0.281)
	Cognitive distortions BO	0.259	(0.057, 0.4551)
	Cognitive distortions MM	-0.015	(-0.207, 0.176)
	Cognitive distortions AW	-0.03	(-0.232, 0.175)

¹Statistically significant predictors are flagged. CI: Credibility intervals; SC: Self-centered; BO: Blaming others; MM: Minimizing/labeling; AW: Assuming the worst.