Serum NfL and GFAP levels and their association with anxiety-depression in Alzheimer’s disease patients: A clinical retrospective study

Figure 1 Comparison of different groups. ^aP < 0.05. A: Comparison of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores; B: Comparison of biomarker levels between groups. HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale; NfL: Neurofilament light chain; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; AD: Alzheimer’s disease.

Figure 2 Forest plot of multivariate logistic regression analysis (n = 270). Orange squares indicate significant associations (P < 0.05); gray squares indicate non-significant associations. NfL: Neurofilament light chain; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.