Efficacy of psychotherapies in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 1 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses flow diagram of study selection. Flowchart showing the number of records identified, screened, excluded (with reasons), and included in the review and meta-analysis.

Figure 2 Forest plots of randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of psychological therapy vs control on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire subscale scores in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease at completion of therapy. A: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) bowel score; B: IBDQ emotional score; C: IBDQ social score; D: IBDQ systemic score. Squares represent study-specific effect sizes, horizontal lines represent 95%CIs, and diamonds represent pooled effects. Positive standardized mean differences favor psychological therapy.

Figure 3 Forest plot of randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of psychological therapy vs control on anxiety scores and depression scores in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease at completion of therapy. A: Anxiety scores; B: Depression scores. Negative standardized mean differences favor psychological therapy.