Correlation between frontal lobe injury severity caused by traumatic brain injury and mental disorders with early prognosis

Figure 1  Research flow chart.

Figure 2 Incidence of mental disorders and poor prognosis in patients with different severities of frontal lobe injury. A: Incidence rates of anxiety; B: Depression; C: Post-traumatic stress disorder; D: Cognitive dysfunction; E: Mental disorders; F: Poor prognosis. PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder; CD: Cognitive dysfunction.

Figure 3 Correlation between Glasgow Coma Scale score and Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5^th Edition, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Glasgow Outcome Scale scores. A: Hamilton Anxiety Scale (r = -0.535, P < 0.001); B: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (r = -0.490, P < 0.001); C: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5^th Edition (r = -0.380, P < 0.001); D: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (r = 0.290,P < 0.001); E: Glasgow Outcome Scale (r = 0.529, P < 0.001). HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; PCL-5: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5^th Edition; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; GOS: Glasgow Outcome Scale.

Figure 4 Subgroup analysis between the severity of frontal lobe injury and the risk of mental disorders. A: Subgroup analysis of the association between severity and mental disorders stratified by age; B: Subgroup analysis stratified by gender.

Figure 5 Subgroup analysis between the severity of frontal lobe injury and the risk of poor prognosis. A: Subgroup analysis of the association between injury severity and poor prognosis stratified by age; B: Subgroup analysis stratified by gender; C: Subgroup analysis stratified by mental disorders.