Serum folate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in pediatric autism spectrum disorder and their predictive role in illness severity

Figure 1 Comparative analysis of serum folate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations. A: Serum folate levels across groups; B: Comparative brain-derived neurotrophic factor measurements. ^cP < 0.001. SF: Serum folate; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Figure 2 Serum folate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels across different severity grades in the research group. A: Serum folate concentrations in mild, moderate, and severe patients; B: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations in cases with mild, moderate, or severe illness. ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. SF: Serum folate; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Figure 3 Treatment-induced alterations in serum folate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in pediatric subjects in the research group. A: Pre-treatment vs post-treatment serum folate concentrations in the research group; B: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor level fluctuations in pre- and post-therapy. ^bP < 0.01. SF: Serum folate; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Figure 4 Receiver operating characteristic curves for serum folate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in predicting the severity of autism spectrum disorder in children. AUC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; SF: Serum folate; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor.