Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figure 1 Subgroup analysis of the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index and depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMI: Body mass index; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CI: Confidence interval; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; OR: Odds ratio.

Figure 2 Subgroup analysis of the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index and anxiety symptoms in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMI: Body mass index; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CI: Confidence interval; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; OR: Odds ratio.

Figure 3 Restricted cubic spline analysis of the systemic immune-inflammation index and symptoms of depression and anxiety. A: Univariable nonlinear relationship between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the risk of depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); B: Univariable nonlinear relationship between the SII and the risk of anxiety symptoms in patients with T2DM; C: Multivariable nonlinear relationship between the SII and the risk of depressive symptoms in patients with T2DM; D: Multivariable nonlinear relationship between the SII and the risk of anxiety symptoms in patients with T2DM. P for overall and P for nonlinearity are reported separately for each panel. The x-axis extends beyond the observed SII range (42.6–721.9) to display the full spline fit; interpretations should be limited to the observed data range. Adjusted for sex, smoking, drinking, age, diabetes duration, body mass index, hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, serum creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen. CI: Confidence interval; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.