Development and validation of a risk assessment model for fear of falling in elderly stroke patients

Figure 1 Flowchart of patient selection. FES-I: Falls Efficacy Scale-International.

Figure 2 Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis for variable selection. A: Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) coefficient profiles of the candidate variables; B: Ten-fold cross-validation for tuning parameter selection in the LASSO model. The dotted vertical lines represent the log(λ) values corresponding to the minimum mean squared error (lambda.min) and the one standard error criterion (lambda.1se).

Figure 3 Nomogram for assessing the risk of fear of falling in elderly stroke patients. FRQ: Fall risk questionnaire; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; BI: Barthel Index; FTSST: Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test; FSBT: Four-Stage Balance Test.

Figure 4 Receiver operating characteristic curves of individual risk factors and the combined model for assessing fear of falling in elderly stroke patients. FRQ: Fall risk questionnaire; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; BI: Barthel Index; FTSST: Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test; AUC: Area under the curve; FSBT: Four-Stage Balance Test; FPR: False positive rate; TPR: True positive rate.

Figure 5 Receiver operating characteristic curves of the training cohort and the validation cohort. A: Training cohort; B: Validation cohort. AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval; FPR: False positive rate; TPR: True positive rate.

Figure 6 Calibration curves of the training cohort and the validation cohort. A: Training cohort; B: Validation cohort.

Figure 7 Decision curve analysis of the training cohort and the validation cohort. A: Training cohort; B: Validation cohort.