Impact of post-stroke depression on the prognosis of stroke-associated pneumonia and analysis of predictive factors: A retrospective study of 186 patients

Figure 1 Receiver operating characteristic curves comparing the diagnostic performance of the combined predictive model and individual predictors for adverse prognosis in stroke-associated pneumonia patients. The combined model integrating clinical, biochemical, and microbiological parameters achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC; 0.91), followed by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score alone (AUC = 0.82). All curves were significantly superior to the reference line (all P < 0.001). AUC: Area under the curve; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; PSD: Post-stroke depression; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; MV: Mechanical ventilation.

Figure 2 Forest plot of odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for predictive factors of adverse prognosis in stroke-associated pneumonia patients from multivariable logistic regression. Blue markers indicate statistically significant independent predictors (P < 0.05); gray markers indicate non-significant variables. The dashed vertical line represents odds ratio = 1.0 (no effect). OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; PSD: Post-stroke depression; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; MV: Mechanical ventilation; MDR: Multi-drug resistant; IL-6: Interleukin-6; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.

Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier 28-day survival curves comparing the depression group (n = 92) and non-depression group (n = 94) among stroke-associated pneumonia patients. The depression group demonstrated significantly higher mortality (18.5% vs 7.4%; log-rank P = 0.018). Survival curves diverged after day 7, with the number at risk shown below the plot. SAP: Stroke-associated pneumonia.