Efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici CCFM6432 in alleviating anhedonia in major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial

Figure 1 Flowchart illustrating the implementation process. MECT: Modified electroconvulsive therapy; EEG: Electroencephalography.

Figure 2 Stimulus-preceding negativity waveforms and topography maps of both groups before and after intervention. A: Stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) waveforms for both groups at baseline and follow-up; B: Topography maps for both groups at baseline and follow-up.

Figure 3 Feedback-related negativity waveforms and topography maps of both groups before and after intervention. A: Feedback-related negativity (FRN) waveforms (Win, Lose, and Lose minus Win) for both groups at baseline; B: Follow-up; C: Topography maps for both groups as well as the group differences at baseline and follow-up.

Figure 4 Heatmap showing the correlation between variables in the CCFM6432 and Placebo groups. A: CCFM6432; B: Placebo. Positive correlations are represented in red, while negative correlations are shown in blue. The difference is calculated as baseline minus follow-up. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001; ^dP < 0.05; ^eP < 0.01; ^fP < 0.001. ANT: Anticipatory; CON: Consummatory; FRN: Feedback-Related Negativity; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; SPN: Stimulus-Preceding Negativity; TEPS: Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale.