Mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between social isolation and psychological distress among pre-frail older adults

Figure 1 The theoretical model and mediation of social isolation. A: The theoretical model of the mediating role of health literacy between social isolation and psychological distress among community-dwelling older adults with pre-frailty, according to Cognitive Behavior Theory; B: The mediation of social isolation in the relationship between health literacy and psychological distress with standardized beta. ^bP < 0.001; C: Total effect of X on Y; C’: Direct effect of X on Y.