There is a lack of research on how vegetable and fruit consumption patterns affect cognitive function in older adults with varying BMIs. Therefore, this study aims to explore their relationship, with a special focus on gender differences.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Anhui Province, China, between July and September 2019, and information was collected from 6211 participants regarding socio-demographics, the frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption per week, and cognitive function. The study utilized descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression to determine the association between cognitive function and consumption patterns of vegetable and fruit.

There were no statistically significant associations between vegetable and fruit consumption patterns and cognitive function in underweight and obese older adults. Among normal weight men, older adults in the V+/F- (AOR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.16-2.35) and V-/F- (AOR=3.95; 95% CI: 1.86-8.42) groups were more likely to have cognitive impairment compared with the V+/F+ group. However, no associations were observed between the two in women of normal weight. For the overweight women, a higher risk of cognitive impairment was found in the V+/F- group (AOR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.12-2.11), while older men did not.

The correlation between vegetable and fruit consumption patterns and cognitive function varies among older adults with different BMIs. Findings suggest the need for targeted nutritional interventions for these communities to maintain cognitive function in older adults.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is driven by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque accumulation, but the mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may offer protective effects, though their relationship with Aβ accumulation is not fully understood.ObjectiveThis study investigated whether serum DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels, measured 6-9 years before imaging, were inversely associated with cerebral Aβ deposition in cognitively normal older adults in Japan, a population known for high omega-3 intake. We focused on individuals identified as Aβ-positive based on positron emission tomography (PET) scans, as they are at higher risk for AD progression, to assess DHA's potential in mitigating early amyloid pathology.MethodsAn analytical sample of 97 older adults (75-89 years) from the Suita Study was analyzed. Serum DHA and EPA levels were assessed between 2008 and 2012, and amyloid PET was performed between 2016 and 2019. Multiple regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for age, sex, APOE4 status, and cardiometabolic disease.ResultsAmong 97 participants (49% males, 8.2% APOE4 carriers), 37.1% (n = 36) had cardiometabolic disease, and 29.8% (n = 29) were Aβ positive. In Aβ-positive individuals, higher serum DHA levels were significantly associated with lower Aβ deposition independent of age, sex and APOE4 status (standardized β = -0.423, p = 0.030). This became non-significant after additionally adjusting for cardiometabolic disease (β = -0.382, p = 0.059). No significant association was found between EPA and Aβ deposition.ConclusionsHigher long-term DHA levels may help reduce Aβ accumulation in those at risk for AD, supporting its potential role in early prevention.

Jharkhand is a mineral-rich state and there are many possibilities in pisciculture. Fish is the staple food of Jharkhand because of its nutritional values. In the present study, water, sediment, and the most favorite fish species (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, and Ctenopharyngodon idella) were collected from the lentic reservoirs and analyzed for assessing the ecological and human health risk assessment. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in water samples varied within the ranges of 0.001-0.004 mg/L, 0.02-0.04 mg/L, 0.004-0.007 mg/L, 0.023-0.081 mg/L, and 0.003-0.12 mg/L, respectively. In sediment samples, the metal concentrations were recorded within the following ranges: 109.15-411.48 mg/kg for Zn, 0.79-22.87 mg/kg for Cd, 22.71-34.79 mg/kg for Pb, 93.44-581.38 mg/kg for Cr, and 19.61-129.09 mg/kg for Cu. The average concentrations of metals in fish were observed as follows: 82.98 - 91.81 mg/kg of Zn, 20.91 - 31 mg/kg of Cd, 81.48 - 91.81 mg/kg of Pb, 442.68 - 482.50 mg/kg of Cr, and 35.91 - 68.57 mg/kg of Cu. Ecological health assessment based on sediment indices shows the prevalence of Cd in the lentic ecosystems and their bioaccumulation (biota-sediment accumulation factor > 2) in fish species. Among the four reservoirs, HD is the most contaminated site. Local population, especially, children of Ranchi district, consuming fish species are prone to health risk due to the metal contamination. Conclusively, this study provides valuable data on metal concentrations in fish species, supporting future ecotoxicology research and policymaking for any mineral-rich state.

This study is conducted to investigate and contrast the effect of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid on mild cognitive impairment and quality of life in post-menopausal women. A randomized, controlled trial was carried out involving post-menopausal women with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 180 eligible participants were randomized to group A (25 mg of pyridoxine), group B (100 mg of ascorbic acid), and group C (not receiving any drug). The intervention time was 6 months. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale was utilized to assess cognitive function. Serum beta-amyloid (Aβ) 42 and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were measured. We used the menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of post-menopausal women. Both pyridoxine and ascorbic acid have improved total MoCA scores (p = 0.0323 and p = 0.0074) compared to baseline. The Hcy level was reduced significantly in pyridoxine than in ascorbic acid (p = 0.0060). The serum Aβ 42 decreased significantly with pyridoxine and ascorbic acid (p = 0.0311 and p = 0.0042). In the MENQOL score, ascorbic acid has significantly reduced the score of the physical domain (p = 0.0020). However, a significant reduction in the overall score of MENQOL was not noticed before and after the treatment of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid (p = 0.3724 and p = 0.0732). Pyridoxine is more effective than ascorbic acid in lowering Hcy levels among post-menopausal women. Pyridoxine and ascorbic acid have been shown to improve cognitive function, and further long-term research is imperative to validate these findings. The trial was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India and registration no. is CTRI/2023/03/051131. Registered on: 28/03/2023-trial registered prospectively.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system, with immunomodulatory effects that are key in the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Over the past decades, research has shown that this steroid hormone impacts much more than bone health, significantly influencing immune responses. Vitamin D enhances immune organ functions such as the spleen and lymph nodes, and boosts T-cell activity, which is essential in defending the body against tumors. Additionally, vitamin D mitigates inflammatory responses closely linked to cancer development, reducing the inflammation that contributes to CRC. It acts via vitamin D receptors (VDRs) expressed on immune cells, modulating immune responses. Adequate vitamin D levels influence gene expression related to inflammation and cell proliferation, inhibiting tumor development. Vitamin D also activates mechanisms that suppress cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with an increased risk of CRC, with deficiency correlating with higher disease incidence. Lifestyle factors, such as a diet high in red meat and calories but low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables, as well as physical inactivity, contribute significantly to CRC risk. Insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake are also linked to disease occurrence and poorer clinical outcomes. Maintaining optimal vitamin D levels and adequate dietary intake is crucial in preventing CRC and improving patient prognosis. This review explores the role of vitamin D in immune regulation and summarizes findings from randomized clinical trials assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation on CRC outcomes.

Microalgae, a marine-derived natural ingredient, has emerged as a rich source of bioactive compounds with the potential to modulate gut-brain axis activities. The objective of this study was to investigate whether supplementation with a microalgae extract from Tetradesmus obliquus strain Mi175.B1.a (TOME) influences gut health and reduces stress and anxiety in healthy adults experiencing mild to moderate gastrointestinal (GI) distress. Methods: Fifty-six healthy adults (age: 31.9 ± 7.7 years; body weight: 71.8 ± 12.6 kg; BMI: 24.6 ± 2.8 kg/m2) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated to receive capsules containing either 250 mg/day of TOME or a placebo for four weeks. Primary outcomes included the assessment of GI symptoms using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Bristol Stool Scale (BSS). Secondary outcomes focused on subjective evaluation of mood, stress, and anxiety, as well as blood pressure responses to sympathetic nervous system activation induced by the cold pressor test (CPT). In addition, stool, plasma, and saliva samples were collected to assess biomarkers associated with stress, sympathetic activation, intestinal permeability, and GI health. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze changes in gut microbial populations. Results: Daily supplementation for four weeks with TOME was safe and well tolerated in the study population. In addition, TOME significantly reduced GSRS global scores (p = 0.02), as well as constipation (p = 0.05) and indigestion (p = 0.03) subcomponent scores compared to Placebo. There was also a significant increase in Shannon's index before FDR correction (p = 0.05; FDR = 0.12) and stool butyrate level was significantly lower in the TOME group than in Placebo after 4 weeks of supplementation (p = 0.039). Both groups showed a significant reduction in perceived stress scores, but the TOME intervention group also had reduced Negative Affect scores (p < 0.001). In addition, plasma chromogranin A, a stress biomarker, was significantly reduced after TOME intervention (p = 0.03). There were no negative effects on blood lipids or other parameters related to sympathetic activation or cardiovascular health. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that 4-week supplementation with T. obliquus strain Mi175.B1.a improves GI symptoms, potentially through effects on the gut microbiota, and may promote positive effects on mental health. Additional research should follow up on mental health outcomes in populations with increased stress and anxiety and investigate mechanisms underlying improvements in GI health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT06425094.

Aging remains the foremost risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, surpassing traditional factors in epidemiological significance. This review elucidates the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying vascular aging, with an emphasis on sex differences that influence disease progression and clinical outcomes in older adults. We discuss the convergence of aging processes at the macro- and microvascular levels and their contributions to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Critical analysis of both preclinical and clinical studies reveals significant sex-specific variations in these mechanisms, which could be pivotal in understanding the disparity in disease morbidity and mortality between sexes. The review highlights key molecular pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy, and their differential roles in the vascular aging of males and females. We argue that recognizing these sex-specific differences is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing and managing age-related vascular pathologies. The implications for personalized medicine and potential areas for future research are also explored, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to the study and treatment of vascular aging.

Previous work examining dietary interventions high in polyphenols (i.e., antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties) has shown cognitive benefits. In a prior investigation examining American elderberry juice consumption with inflammation and cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we found a trend toward better visuospatial construct flexibility in MCI patients who consumed elderberry relative to the placebo control. This study aims to further examine the preliminary effects of American elderberry juice on the cognitive domains in MCI using cognitive composite scores. MCI patients (N = 24; Mage = 76.33 ± 6.95) received elderberry (n = 11) or placebo (n = 13) juice for 6 months and completed cognitive tasks targeting memory, visuospatial ability, and cognitive flexibility at the baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. For the composite z-scores calculated for global cognition and each domain, multilevel models and Kenward-Roger post hoc tests examined the interaction between condition (elderberry/placebo) and time (baseline/3 months/6 months). The findings showed a significant interaction between global cognitive flexibility (p = 0.049) and elderberry juice (not the placebo) trending toward a significant decrease (better) in composite cognitive flexibility latency scores from the baseline (M = 29.89, SE = 18.12) to 6 months (M = 18.57, SE = 9.68). Preliminary findings suggest elderberry juice may provide overall cognitive flexibility benefits in MCI. These promising results provide support for prospective investigations examining the potential underlying mechanisms of elderberries that may provide cognitive benefits in MCI, possibly due to anti-inflammatory effects.

Age-related cognitive impairment and dementia pose a significant global health, social, and economic challenge. While Alzheimer's disease (AD) has historically been viewed as the leading cause of dementia, recent evidence reveals the considerable impact of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID), which now accounts for nearly half of all dementia cases. The Mediterranean diet-characterized by high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil-has been widely recognized for its cardiovascular benefits and may also reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. To investigate the protective effects of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive health, we conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published between 2000 and 2024. The studies included in the meta-nalysis examined the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the incidence of dementia and AD. We applied a random-effects model to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assessed heterogeneity through I-square statistics. Forest plots, funnel plots, and Z-score plots were used to visualize study outcomes. Of the 324 full-text records reviewed, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. The combined HR for cognitive impairment among those adhering to the Mediterranean diet was 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.89); for dementia, the HR was 0.89 (95% CI 0.83-0.95); and for AD, the HR was 0.70 (95% CI 0.60-0.82), indicating substantial protective effects. Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies, though Z-score plots suggested sufficient sample sizes to support reliable conclusions for each condition. In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirms that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with an 11-30% reduction in the risk of age-related cognitive disorders, including cognitive impairment, dementia, and AD. These findings underscore the Mediterranean diet's potential as a central element in neuroprotective public health strategies to mitigate the global impact of cognitive decline and dementia and to promote healthier cognitive aging.

One of the most pressing challenges facing society today is the rising prevalence of physical and cognitive frailty. This geriatric condition makes older adults more vulnerable to disability, illness, and a heightened risk of mortality. In this scenario, Parkinson's disease (PD) and geriatric frailty, which share several common characteristics, are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for innovative strategies. Nutraceuticals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds contained in foods, offering health benefits over and above essential nutrition. By examining the literature from the past decade, this review highlights how nutraceuticals can act as complementary therapies, addressing key processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuroprotection. Notably, the antioxidant action of nutraceuticals appears particularly beneficial in regard to PD and geriatric frailty. For instance, antioxidant-rich nutraceuticals may mitigate the oxidative damage linked to levodopa therapy in PD, potentially reducing the side effects and enhancing treatment sustainability. Similarly, the antioxidant effects of nutraceuticals may amplify the benefits of physical activity, enhancing muscle function, cognitive health, and resilience, thereby reducing the risk of frailty. This review proposes a holistic approach integrating nutraceuticals with exercise, pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments. It promises to transform the management of ARD, prolong life, and improve the quality of life and well-being of older people.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly individuals is a transitional stage between normal cognition and dementia. Understanding the risk factors for MCI and identifying those at high risk are extremely important for the elderly population.

To analyze the risk factors for MCI in the elderly population and construct a clinical prediction model.

Total 295 elderly individuals presenting with memory loss diagnosed at Wuxi People's Hospital between March 2021 and March 2024 were included. Comprehensive demographic, clinical, and serological data were collected for analysis. Participants were categorized into either an MCI group or a normal group based on their performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. An elaborate clinical predictive model was developed to predict the likelihood of MCI in stroke patients; its accuracy was evaluated using area under curve values and calibration curves.

The results of the study showed that old age, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, high-salt diet, high-cholesterol diet, decreased red blood count, increased neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were risk factors for the onset of MCI, with A high vitamin diet and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol being protective factors. In addition, the prediction model constructed in this study exhibits good degrees of differentiation and calibration.

The risk factors for MCI are diverse. Early identification of individuals at high risk of MCI can better intervene and improve their quality of life of MCI patients.

Healthcare professionals frequently experience significant work overload, which often leads to substantial physical and psychological stress. This stress is closely linked to increased oxidative stress and a corresponding decline in energy levels. This scoping review investigates the potential impact of dietary antioxidants and food supplements in conjunction with diet in controlling these negative effects. Through an analysis of the biochemical pathways involved in oxidative stress and energy metabolism, the paper emphasizes the effectiveness of targeted dietary interventions. Key dietary antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, polyphenols, and carotenoids, are evaluated for their ability to counteract oxidative stress and enhance energy levels. Additionally, the review assesses various food supplements, including omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and ginseng, and their mechanisms of action in energy enhancement. Practical guidelines for incorporating energy-boost dietary strategies into the routine of healthcare professionals are provided, emphasizing the importance of dietary modifications in reducing oxidative stress and improving overall well-being and performance in high-stress healthcare environments. The review concludes by suggesting directions for future research to validate these findings and to explore new dietary interventions that may further support healthcare professionals under work overload.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges related to feeding and nutritional management. Children with ASD often experience feeding difficulties, including food selectivity, refusal, and gastrointestinal issues. Various interventions have been explored to address these challenges, including dietary modifications, vitamin supplementation, feeding therapy, and behavioral interventions.

To provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on nutritional management in ASD. We examine the effectiveness of dietary interventions, vitamin supplements, feeding therapy, behavioral interventions, and mealtime practices in addressing the feeding challenges and nutritional needs of children with ASD.

We systematically searched relevant literature up to June 2024, using databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Studies were included if they investigated dietary interventions, nutritional supplements, or behavioral strategies to improve feeding behaviors in children with ASD. We assessed the quality of the studies and synthesized findings on the impact of various interventions on feeding difficulties and nutritional outcomes. Data extraction focused on intervention types, study designs, participant characteristics, outcomes measured, and intervention effectiveness.

The review identified 316 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The evidence indicates that while dietary interventions and nutritional supplements may offer benefits in managing specific symptoms or deficiencies, the effectiveness of these approaches varies. Feeding therapy and behavioral interventions, including gradual exposure and positive reinforcement, promise to improve food acceptance and mealtime behaviors. The findings also highlight the importance of creating supportive mealtime environments tailored to the sensory and behavioral needs of children with ASD.

Nutritional management for children with ASD requires a multifaceted approach that includes dietary modifications, supplementation, feeding therapy, and behavioral strategies. The review underscores the need for personalized interventions and further research to refine treatment protocols and improve outcomes. Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, educators, and families are essential to optimize this population's nutritional health and feeding practices. Enhancing our understanding of intervention sustainability and long-term outcomes is essential for optimizing care and improving the quality of life for children with ASD and their families.

Aging of the brain is a major contributor to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Conventional treatments for these diseases are often limited by significant side effects and a lack of efficacy in halting disease progression. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a bioactive secondary metabolite derived from ginseng, has shown promise because of its potent antioxidant properties.

This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of CK on brain senescence, with a particular focus on its role in modulating oxidative stress and related signaling pathways.

We employed a d-galactose (D-gal)-induced PC-12 senescent cell model and a mouse brain aging model to explore the antioxidant properties of CK in the context of brain aging. The effects of CK on mitochondrial dysfunction associated with brain aging were assessed using immunofluorescence and western blotting techniques. The potential molecular mechanisms by CK influences brain aging were investigated using transcriptomic analysis and western blotting. Additionally, CK's regulatory effect on apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was validated by molecular docking, microscale thermophoresis, and small interfering RNA transfection.

Our findings demonstrate that CK effectively alleviates cognitive decline associated with brain aging. CK reduces the number of senescent cells, alleviates neuronal damage, and enhances the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, CK restores mitochondrial function and upregulated the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 and glutathione peroxidase 4, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. Furthermore, CK targets ASK1 and suppresses the hyperphosphorylation of MAPK kinase 7 (MKK7) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). This suppression promotes the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), effectively reducing ferroptosis and oxidative damage linked to brain aging.

In summary, our research demonstrates that CK effectively delays brain aging by inhibiting the ASK1-MKK7-JNK signaling pathway, enhancing nuclear Nrf2 expression, and suppressing the ferroptosis response. These findings highlight CK as a promising therapeutic agent for slowing brain aging and alleviating neurodegenerative diseases.

Despite the promising health benefits of finger millet, there is a notable lack of research specifically examining its effects on athletes' mental health. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to explore the potential of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in enhancing the mental health status of athletes.

For this narrative review databases like "PubMed," "SPORTDiscus," "Scopus," "ProQuest" and "Google Scholar" were referred to identify and analyze the studies to determine their relevance and findings.

Studies have shown that nutritional intervention has a significant impact on mental health through improved mood, cognitive function, and overall well-being. Finger millet is a valuable reservoir of vital nutrients , including amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which play crucial roles in reducing oxidative stress and cortisol levels, which are key factors in mental health disorders. Furthermore, low glycemic index and high dietary fiber content of finger millet contribute to stable blood sugar levels, which are crucial for maintaining mental stability and preventing stress-induced cortisol spikes. Dietary fiber in finger millet also helps in boosting the gut microbiota, which helps in stimulating mental and cognitive health through the gut-brain axis.

Given the physical and psychological demands on athletes, incorporating finger millet into their diets could offer a holistic approach for improving both performance and mental well-being. Despite these promising findings, the specific effect of finger millet on athletes' mental health remains unclear. This review highlights the need for more focused research on this topic, emphasizing the potential of finger millet as a na-t ural dietary intervention to enhance mental health and stress management in athletes. We conclude by calling for more comprehensive studies to fully understand the mechanisms and benefits of finger millet in athletic populations, aiming to bridge the current gap in the literature and pave the way for evidence-based dietary recommendations.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dietary choline has been proposed as a modifiable factor to improve the cognitive and pathological outcomes of AD and DS, especially as many do not reach adequate daily intake levels of choline. While lower circulating choline levels correlate with worse pathological measures in AD patients, choline status and intake in DS is widely understudied. Perinatal choline supplementation (Ch+) in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS protects offspring against AD-relevant pathology and improves cognition. Further, dietary Ch+ in adult AD models also ameliorates pathology and improves cognition. However, dietary Ch+ in adult Ts65Dn mice has not yet been explored; thus, this study aimed to supply Ch+ throughout adulthood to determine the effects on cognition and DS co-morbidities.

We fed trisomic Ts65Dn mice and disomic littermate controls either a choline normal (ChN; 1.1 g/kg) or a Ch+ (5 g/kg) diet from 4.5 to 14 months of age.

We found that Ch+ in adulthood failed to improve genotype-specific deficits in spatial learning. However, in both genotypes of female mice, Ch+ significantly improved cognitive flexibility in a reverse place preference task in the IntelliCage behavioral phenotyping system. Further, Ch+ significantly reduced weight gain and peripheral inflammation in female mice of both genotypes, and significantly improved glucose metabolism in male mice of both genotypes.

Our findings suggest that adulthood choline supplementation benefits behavioral and biological factors important for general well-being in DS and related to AD risk.

Cognitive function impairment (CFI) and the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) were investigated in this study.

Participants from the 2011-2014 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were chosen to assess cognitive function using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning Test, the Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Participants scored below the 25% percentile of any of the three tests were defined as having cognitive function impairment. 24-h recalls of diet were collected to calculate CDAI.

2,424 participants were included. The fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model showed an increase of one CDAI unit reduced CFI risk by 5% (95% CI: 0.92 ~ 0.98, p = 0.004). When comparing individuals with the lowest CDAI in the first quartile (<-2.42), the adjusted odds ratio for CDAI and CFI were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.61 ~ 1.06, p = 0.125) in the second quartile, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51 ~ 0.92, p = 0.012) in the third quartile, and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.43 ~ 0.82, p = 0.002) in the fourth quartile, respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a steady negative linear correlation between CDAI and CFI, with a p-value for non-linearity of 0.122. Subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant interactions based on age, education level, family income, history of diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and depression.

CDAI was inversely associated with CFI in a large representative American population. Further longitudinal studies are needed for causal inference.

This study investigates dietary supplement use among rugby players and their general health, focusing on prevalence and underlying motivations. Involving 92 athletes, it examines the relationship between supplement usage, motivations, and health outcomes using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and a 24-item ad hoc questionnaire. Findings reveal a high frequency of supplement usage, motivated by desires to enhance performance, appearance, and mood. Significant differences in health-related quality of life are found between users and non-users, particularly in mental health, social functioning, and emotional stability. Motivations like performance enhancement and body shape manipulation were linked to altered health perceptions, indicating the psychosocial impacts of supplementation. This study emphasizes the need to consider the holistic effects of supplements on athlete well-being, advocating for a balanced approach prioritizing both physical and mental health. It calls for increased awareness among athletes, coaches, and sports professionals about the potential risks and benefits of supplement use and the importance of informed decision-making. Additionally, it highlights the need for further research to understand the mechanisms of supplement use and its impact on athlete health, aiming to enhance sports science and promote overall athlete well-being in competitive environments.

Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) is a microalgae extract that contains fucoxanthin and has been shown to enhance cognitive function in younger populations. The present study assessed if PT supplementation affects cognition in healthy, young-old, physically active adults with self-perceptions of cognitive and memory decline.

Forty-three males and females (64.3 ± 6.0 years, 79.8 ± 16.0 kg, 27.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2) with perceptions of cognitive and memory decline completed the double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial. Participants were counterbalanced by sex and BMI and randomly allocated to their respective 12-week supplementation interventions, which were either the placebo (PL) or 1100 mg/day of PT containing 8.8 mg of fucoxanthin (FX). Fasting blood samples were collected, and cognitive assessments were performed during the testing session at 0, 4, and 12 weeks of intervention. The data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate general linear model (GLM) analyses with repeated measures, pairwise comparisons, and mean changes from baseline analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the clinical significance of the findings.

FX supplementation significantly affected (p < 0.05) or exhibited tendencies toward significance (p > 0.05 to p < 0.10 with effect sizes ranging from medium to large) for word recall, picture recognition reaction time, Stroop color-word test, choice reaction time, and digit vigilance test variables. Additionally, FX supplementation promoted a more consistent clinical improvement from baseline values when examining mean changes with 95% CIs, although most differences were seen over time rather than between groups.

The results demonstrate some evidence that FX supplementation can improve working and secondary memory, vigilance, attention, accuracy, and executive function. There was also evidence that FX promoted more positive effects on insulin sensitivity and perceptions about sleep quality with no negative effects on clinical blood panels or perceived side effects. Additional research should investigate how FX may affect cognition in individuals perceiving memory and cognitive decline. Registered clinical trial #NCT05759910.

Lactose malabsorption and intolerance are very common conditions. However, their optimal approach, including the diagnostic assessment, remains a matter of debate, especially in advanced age. In this brief review, we focused on current knowledge, concerns, and impact in clinical practice of lactose malabsorption and intolerance in elderly.

Older adults are at high risk of malnutrition, owing to frequent occurrence of cognitive impairment, loss of appetite, dysphagia, and poor oral health. A significant decrease in the consumption of dairy products may lead to inadequate intake of high-quality protein and minerals, with a consequent impact on muscle and bone health. Testing for lactose malabsorption may be challenging in older adults, if not useless. Instead, a detailed clinical evaluation should always be pursued to identify both lactose intolerance and all confounding factors mimicking the same clinical picture.

The management of lactose malabsorption and intolerance in older adults deserves a personalized approach. Because of the importance of maintaining an adequate nutritional status in this age group, efforts should be put forth to avoid excessively restrictive diets.

Recent research exploring the relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the condition of the gut microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced gut microbiota may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics are nutritional supplements and functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, with pre-, pro-, and symbiotics potentially affecting various cognitive functions such as attention, perception, and memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown that incorporating pre-, pro-, and symbiotics into a healthy diet can lead to improvements in cognitive functions and mood. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota can support optimal cognitive function, which is crucial for disease prevention in our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate cognitive benefits in healthy older individuals with probiotic supplementation but not in healthy older individuals who have good and adequate levels of physical activity. Additionally, it appears that there are cognitive benefits in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, while mixed results seem to arise in younger and healthier individuals. However, it is important to acknowledge that individual responses may vary, and the use of these dietary supplements should be tailored to each individual's unique health circumstances and needs.

Over the past few years, the study of plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) has emerged as a hot topic of discussion and research in the scientific community. This remarkable interest stems from their potential role in facilitating intercellular communication and their unique ability to deliver biologically active components, including proteins, lipids, and miRNAs, to recipient cells. This fascinating ability to act as a molecular courier has opened up an entirely new dimension in our understanding of plant biology. The field of research focusing on the potential applications of PDNVs is still in its nascent stages. However, it has already started gaining traction due to the growing interest in its possible use in various branches of biotechnology and medicine. Their unique properties and versatile applications offer promising future research and development prospects in these fields. Despite the significant progress in our understanding, many unanswered questions and mysteries surround the mechanisms by which PDNVs function and their potential applications. There is a dire need for further extensive research to elucidate these mechanisms and explore the full potential of these fascinating vesicles. As the technology at our disposal advances and our understanding of PDNVs deepens, it is beyond doubt that PDNVs will continue to be a subject of intense research in anti-aging therapeutics. This comprehensive review is designed to delve into the fascinating and multifaceted world of PDNV-based research, particularly focusing on how these nanovesicles can be applied to anti-aging therapeutics.

Antioxidant diets are considered to be protective factors for cognitive function. However, comprehensive measures of antioxidant diets are lacking.

To examine the association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and cognitive function in the elderly.

This cross-sectional study included a total of 2,456 participants (≥60 years old) from NHANES 2011-2014. Calculation of CDAI based on 6 minerals and vitamins (manganese, selenium, zinc, vitamins A, C, and E). Cognitive function was measured by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word Learning sub-test, Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). We also created a composite cognitive z-score to represent global cognition. The statistical analyses we used included multiple linear regression analyses, subgroup analyses, curve-fitting analyses, and threshold effects analyses.

After controlling for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and disease history, multivariate linear regression analyses showed that increased CDAI was positively associated with scores on global cognitive function and each cognitive domain (p < 0.05), with subgroup analyses suggesting that this association was more pronounced in stroke patients (p for interaction < 0.05). Curve-fitting analyses and threshold effect analyses showed saturation effects between CDAI and CREAD Test, AFT, and composite Z-score, and an inverted U-shaped relationship with DSST, with inflection points of -1.89, 0.79, 1.13, and 1.77, respectively.

Our findings support that higher levels of CDAI are correlated with significantly elevated cognitive function. Maintaining CDAI in an appropriate range may contribute to cognitive health in elderly.