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Horita H, Seki Y, Yamaguchi T, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Shimizu E. Videoconference-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Parents of Adolescents With Internet Addiction: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024; 7:e60604. [PMID: 39361415 PMCID: PMC11487207 DOI: 10.2196/60604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise in internet addiction, including web-based gaming and social networking services, is a serious concern. Even with access to medical institutions and counseling services, individuals with internet addiction, particularly adolescents, often refuse medical treatment or counseling. Parent-focused psychological intervention may lead to positive outcomes by improving the parent-adolescent relationship and helping parents identify and modify their adolescent's problematic behaviors, including internet addiction. OBJECTIVE This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial to test the feasibility of remote cognitive behavioral therapy via videoconferencing for parents of adolescents with internet addiction. METHODS A total of 13 parents of adolescents aged 12-20 years with internet addiction were recruited and randomly assigned to either 12 sessions of the videoconference-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (vCBT) group (n=6, 46%) or the waitlist control group (n=7, 54%). The study period was from March 1, 2018, to March 31, 2022. The primary outcome was the scores of the Young Internet Addiction Test reported by the adolescents. The secondary outcomes were adolescents' hours of internet use per day (Internet Addiction Test), reported by the adolescents and by their parents; the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire, completed by the parents; and the quality of life of the adolescents and the parents, measured by the EQ-5D-5L. These were evaluated at weeks 0 and 13. RESULTS As the primary outcome, the mean total Internet Addiction Test score decreased from 67.7 (SD 18.3; 6/13, 46%) at week 0 to 56.2 (SD 25.1; 5/9, 56%) at week 13 in the vCBT group, compared to an increase from 66.9 (SD 21.9; 7/13, 54%) to 68.0 (SD 18.7; 4/9, 44%) in the control group. For all outcomes, no significant differences were found between the 2 groups (all P>.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested the practical feasibility of vCBT for parents of adolescents with internet addiction. Further large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials are necessary to examine the effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000032483; https://tinyurl.com/yuhen6c9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Horita
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City, Japan
| | - Yoichi Seki
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba University, Chiba City, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamaguchi
- Research Administration Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba University, Chiba City, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Preventive Medicine Center, Chiba University, Chiba City, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Japan
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba University, Chiba City, Japan
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Amano A, Ahmed G, Nigussie K, Asfaw H, Fekadu G, Hiko A, Abdeta T, Soboka M. Internet addiction and associated factors among undergraduate students of Jimma University; Jimma, South West Ethiopia, institutional based cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:721. [PMID: 37798719 PMCID: PMC10552302 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction affects cognitive function, has a harmful impact on students' academic performance, and increases their risk of experiencing psychological crises. OBJECTIVES Examining the prevalence of internet addiction and its contributing factors among regular undergraduate students at Jimma University in south-west Ethiopia. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among study participants between August 1 and August 30, 2021. A total of 772 Participants were involved in the study using a multistage random sampling technique. Data was collected using pretested and structured questionnaires with self-administered techniques. The Young Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) was used to measure internet addiction. The data was entered into the computer using Epi Data version 4.6, and then it was exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 for analysis. The association between each independent variable and the outcome variable was examined using bivariate analysis. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model to determine how each independent variable affected the outcome variable. RESULT The prevalence of internet addiction among study participants was 53.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) (49.99%, 57.15%). Findings from multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested a variety of related factors had significant associations with internet addiction. Being dissatisfied with a major study, having a cumulative grade point average of a promoted grade report, using the internet for entertainment, using the internet for Facebook, using the internet for telegram, depression, social anxiety, and poor social support. CONCLUSION This study revealed a comparatively high frequency of internet addiction among study participants. Internet addiction has been linked to psychosocial, academic, and purpose-related aspects of internet use. As a result, incorporating stakeholders' efforts to improve the identified variables would be a helpful start toward lowering this high incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarim Amano
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Gutema Ahmed
- Department of psychiatry, faculty of medicine Institute of health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Nigussie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Asfaw
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gelana Fekadu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Hiko
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Abdeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- Department of psychiatry, faculty of medicine Institute of health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Epstein R, Bock SD, Drew MJ, Scandalis Z. Infantilization across the life span: A large-scale internet study suggests that emotional abuse is especially damaging. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-022-09989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhen competent adults are treated like children, negative outcomes sometimes follow. We used a concurrent study design to conduct an internet-based study to determine how infantilization varies by demographic category and which types of infantilization might be most harmful. The test, which measured 15 types of infantilization, was taken by 32,118 people (mean age 27.6) from 153 countries (most from the United States). Test scores were correlated with self-reported happiness, depression, anger, sense of control, and personal and professional success, and regression analyses consistently showed that of the 15 types of infantilization we measured, emotional abuse was by far the best predictor of adverse outcomes. Infantilization was highest during the teen years and decreased gradually throughout adulthood. Effects were found for gender, education, and sexual orientation, with vulnerable groups more subject to infantilization. Our data, collected between 2011 and 2020, appear to parallel recent increases in authoritarianism and intolerance, with total infantilization scores increasing by 30.1% over this period.
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Liu XQ, Guo YX, Zhang WJ, Gao WJ. Influencing factors, prediction and prevention of depression in college students: A literature review. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:860-873. [PMID: 36051603 PMCID: PMC9331452 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i7.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of depression among college students has a strong negative impact on individual physical and mental health, academic development, and interpersonal communication. This paper reviewed the extant literature by identifying nonpathological factors related to college students' depression, investigating the methods of predicting depression, and exploring nonpharmaceutical interventions for college students' depression. The influencing factors of college students' depression mainly fell into four categories: biological factors, personality and psychological state, college experience, and lifestyle. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has exacerbated the severity of depression among college students worldwide and poses grave challenges to the prevention and treatment of depression, given that the coronavirus has spread quickly with high infection rates, and the pandemic has changed the daily routines of college life. To predict and measure mental health, more advanced methods, such as machine algorithms and artificial intelligence, have emerged in recent years apart from the traditional commonly used psychological scales. Regarding nonpharmaceutical prevention measures, both general measures and professional measures for the prevention and treatment of college students' depression were examined in this study. Students who experience depressive disorders need family support and personalized interventions at college, which should also be supplemented by professional interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy and online therapy. Through this literature review, we insist that the technology of identification, prediction, and prevention of depression among college students based on big data platforms will be extensively used in the future. Higher education institutions should understand the potential risk factors related to college students' depression and make more accurate screening and prevention available with the help of advanced technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gao
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Sexual Differences in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD): From Psychological Features to Neuroanatomical Networks. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041018. [PMID: 35207293 PMCID: PMC8877403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been included in the 2013 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a condition in need of further study, and gaming disorder was recognized by the World Health Organization as a mental disorder in the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) of 2018. IGD has different characteristics in the two sexes and is more prevalent in males than females. However, even if the female gamer population is constantly growing, the majority of available studies analyzed only males, or the data were not analyzed by sex. To better elucidate sex differences in IGD, we selectively reviewed research publications that evaluated IGD separately for males and females collected in approximately one hundred publications over the past 20 years. The available data in this narrative review indicate that IGD is strongly dimorphic by sex for both its psychological features and the involvement of different brain areas. Impulsivity, low self-control, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and depression are some of the psychological features associated with IGD that show a sex dimorphism. At the same time, IGD and its psychological alterations are strongly correlated to dimorphic functional characteristics in relevant brain areas, as evidenced by fMRI. More research is needed to better understand sex differences in IGD. Animal models could help to elucidate the neurological basis of this disorder.
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Rahiminia H, Soori H, Jafari M, Khodakarim S. The Prevalence of Addiction to Social Network Among Students in Iran and its Factors Related: A Study Conducted in 2020. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:170-176. [PMID: 35136413 PMCID: PMC8719277 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present era, the prevalence of addiction to social networks has shown that many users, including students, are detaching from the real world. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of addiction to the social networks among students in Iran and its related factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 on 1000 students in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire about addiction to the social networks distributed online among students. Statistical data were analyzed using Stata software version 14. RESULTS Generally, 462 students (44%) had addiction to social networks, of which 449 (90.04%) had slight addiction and 13 (9.96%) had severe addiction. The results showed that age (p = 0.001), type of disciplines in the treatment-related subgroup (p = 0.03) and using nerve medicine (p = 0.0001) had significant relationships with addiction to social networks. CONCLUSION Considering that a high number of students in the present study are at high risk of addiction, it is suggested that educational programs should be implemented to improve the knowledge of parents and students for optimal use of social networks and raise awareness of the harmful consequences of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoorieh Rahiminia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Soori
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Director of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chen HC, Wang JY, Lin YL, Yang SY. Association of Internet Addiction with Family Functionality, Depression, Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Early Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8820. [PMID: 33260988 PMCID: PMC7731192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early adolescents usually have worse self-control and poor time management abilities. They are a higher-risk group for Internet addiction than older adolescents or adults. This study aims to explore the prevalence of Internet addiction and associated factors in early adolescents. Participants included 451 fifth and sixth-grade students in Central Taiwan. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and a structured questionnaire that consisted of demographics, Young's Internet Addiction Test, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The participants were 50.8% male, and the mean age was 11.35, with a range of 10.33-12.92 years. A total of 33.7% of all participants were prone to Internet addiction. The results showed that participants who were male and had high money allowance, poor family atmosphere, parents who did not limit Internet usage time, high depression, low self-efficacy and low self-esteem were more prone to Internet addiction. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that being male, having parents who did not limit Internet usage time and higher degrees of depression were the associated factors of Internet addiction in early adolescents. The phenomenon of Internet addiction among early adolescents seems to be increasing. Improving family functionality and individual mental health may be effective ways to reduce Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ching Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (J.-Y.W.)
| | - Jiun-Yi Wang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (J.-Y.W.)
| | - Ying-Lien Lin
- Department of Industrial and Information Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Shang-Yu Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (J.-Y.W.)
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Schultchen D, Küchler AM, Schillings C, Weineck F, Karabatsiakis A, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Pollatos O. Effectiveness of a guided online mindfulness-focused intervention in a student population: Study protocol for a randomised control trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032775. [PMID: 32209621 PMCID: PMC7202707 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies show that university students experience higher psychological stress than the general population, resulting in increased vulnerability for mental disorders for the student population. Online mindfulness interventions will be delivered to students as a potentially promising and more flexible approach compared to face-to-face interventions with the aim of improving their mental health. This study purposes to investigate the effectiveness of a guided online mindfulness-focused intervention for university students by using both self-reported and psychobiological measures. METHODS AND ANALYSES In this multicentre, two-armed randomised controlled trial with a parallel design, a guided version of the online mindfulness-focused intervention 'StudiCare Mindfulness' will be compared with a waitlist control group. In total, 120 participants will be recruited at different universities (of Applied Sciences) in (Neu-) Ulm. Data will be assessed prior to randomisation, after eight weeks (post-intervention) and six months after randomisation (follow-up). The primary outcome measure is mindfulness. The secondary outcome measures include depression, anxiety and stress levels, well-being, interoceptive sensibility, emotion regulation and alexithymia. Psychobiological parameters comprise interoceptive accuracy, hair cortisol and FKBP5 genotype. Sociodemographic variables, treatment expectations, side and adverse side effects, as well as intervention satisfaction and adherence will be assessed. All data analyses will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All study procedures have been approved by the Ethics Committee of Ulm University (application No. 48/18). The findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00014701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Schultchen
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Küchler
- Department of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Christine Schillings
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Weineck
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | - David D Ebert
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Derevensky JL, Hayman V, Lynette Gilbeau. Behavioral Addictions: Excessive Gambling, Gaming, Internet, and Smartphone Use Among Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am 2019; 66:1163-1182. [PMID: 31679605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of behavioral addictions is a relatively new concept in psychiatry. It was not until 2010 that the term behavioral addictions was added to the official classification of psychiatric diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Gambling, typically thought to be an adult behavior, has become commonplace among adolescents. Although technological advances have made accessing information and communication easier, excessive use of the Internet and smartphones can result in multiple mental and physical health issues. Gambling disorders, gaming disorders, Internet use disorder, and excessive smartphone use often begin during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Derevensky
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, 3724 McTavish Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada.
| | - Victoria Hayman
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, 3724 McTavish Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Lynette Gilbeau
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, 3724 McTavish Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada
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Stavropoulos V, Adams BL, Beard CL, Dumble E, Trawley S, Gomez R, Pontes HM. Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity and internet gaming disorder symptoms: Is there consistency across types of symptoms, gender and countries? Addict Behav Rep 2019; 9:100158. [PMID: 30671530 PMCID: PMC6327637 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Videogame addiction has been suggested as a tentative disorder in 2013 by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and was recently officially recognized as a mental health disorder by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although a few studies have identified attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a key risk factor for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), the interplay between ADHD and IGD symptoms with gender differences across cultures remains to be further examined. OBJECTIVE This study examined the moderating effects of gender in the association between ADHD and IGD across two nations. METHOD A cross-sectional online survey was developed to recruit 164 Australian (Mage = 23.01, SD = 3.35, Minage = 18, Maxage = 31, Males n = 121, 73.80%) and 457 U.S.-North American (Mage = 25.25 years, SD = 2.76, Minage = 18 years, Maxage = 29 years, Males = 265, 57.98%) Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) players aged between 18 and 29 years. RESULTS The hierarchical linear regression, moderation and moderated moderation analyses revealed that participants presenting greater inattention and hyperactivity symptoms exhibited higher levels of IGD-related behaviors in the two samples. Moreover, these associations differed across genders between the two countries. Specifically, more hyperactive-impulsive, as well as inattentive males in the USA presented higher levels of disordered gaming. CONCLUSION The results highlight the need for more cross-cultural and symptom-focused research in the broader IGD field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emma Dumble
- Cairnmillar Institute, Camberwell, Australia
| | | | | | - Halley M. Pontes
- Nottingham Trent University, Department of Psychology, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Samaha AA, Fawaz M, El Yahfoufi N, Gebbawi M, Abdallah H, Baydoun SA, Ghaddar A, Eid AH. Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) Among Lebanese College Students. Front Public Health 2018; 6:365. [PMID: 30619806 PMCID: PMC6305082 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction is an emergent problem; yet, both a strong conception of the factors precipitating challenging activities and a gold standard tool for evaluating symptoms are deficient. The aim of this study was to carry out a psychometric analysis using the most commonly employed screening tool, the young Internet Addiction Test (IAT), comprising a sample of Lebanese University medical students. Two hundred and fifty-six undergraduate medical students from a university in Beirut, Lebanon were included in our IAT. Exploratory factor analysis was employed, and four factors were extracted. These four factors were named as Lack of Control, Social Withdrawal and Emotional Conflict, Time Management Problems, and Concealing Problematic Behavior. Furthermore, the selected factors explained 56.5% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the internal reliability of the scale was found to be 0.91. For each subscale, the internal consistency score was approximated and detected as 0.76, 0.74, 0.69, and 0.63 for the first through fourth factor, respectively. Item total correlations were calculated and had a value range from 0.37 to 0.63 for the 20 items. IAT is a proper tool for evaluating internet addiction in Lebanese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Samaha
- Doctoral School for Human and Social Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Rayak University Hospital, Rayak, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Fawaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najwa El Yahfoufi
- Doctoral School for Human and Social Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Gebbawi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Safaa A Baydoun
- Research Center for Environment and Development, Beirut Arab University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Ali Ghaddar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Wang WC. Exploring the Relationship Among Free-Time Management, Leisure Boredom, and Internet Addiction in Undergraduates in Taiwan. Psychol Rep 2018; 122:1651-1665. [PMID: 30071775 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118789034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Internet addiction has become a significant concern with a variety of negative outcomes among the younger generation in today's modern society and has been investigated and discussed in many studies. Of all the influencing factors, boredom has been proven to be a common trigger for intensive internet use and can result in particularly problematic internet use behavior. A number of studies have indicated the importance of time use as a treatment. Thus, using free time well might serve as a solution to reduce leisure boredom and internet addiction. The current study aims to test a structural model with a sample of university students to investigate the relationships among free-time management, leisure boredom, and internet addiction. The sample consisted of 475 undergraduate students. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed between March 1 and April 30, 2016. Totally, 446 valid questionnaires were received. The structural model was examined after the competent measurement model was processed. Results from the structural model supported that free-time management decreases boredom during leisure time, and boredom during leisure time enhances internet addiction. Furthermore, leisure boredom was revealed to play a role as a distinct mediator between free-time management and internet addiction. Finally, managerial applications and recommendations for future research are suggested based on the research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ching Wang
- Department of Tourism, Shih-Hsin University, Taiwan, R.O.C
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14
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Gender disparities in the use of internet among graduate students of a developing society. GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, MEMORY AND COMMUNICATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/gkmc-11-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yıldız Durak H. Modeling of variables related to problematic internet usage and problematic social media usage in adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jenaro C, Flores N, Cruz M, Pérez MC, Vega V, Torres VA. Internet and cell phone usage patterns among young adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31:259-272. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jenaro
- INICO (Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad); Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Noelia Flores
- INICO (Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad); Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Maribel Cruz
- Facultad de Enfermería; Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; San Luis Potosí Mexico
| | - Ma Carmen Pérez
- Facultad de Enfermería; Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; San Luis Potosí Mexico
| | - Vanessa Vega
- Escuela de Pedagogía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Viña del Mar Chile
| | - Víctor A Torres
- Master en Psicología General Sanitaria; Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
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Reed P, Romano M, Re F, Roaro A, Osborne LA, Viganò C, Truzoli R. Differential physiological changes following internet exposure in higher and lower problematic internet users. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178480. [PMID: 28542470 PMCID: PMC5444838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Problematic internet use (PIU) has been suggested as in need of further research with a view to being included as a disorder in future Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association, but lack of knowledge about the impact of internet cessation on physiological function remains a major gap in knowledge and a barrier to PIU classification. One hundred and forty-four participants were assessed for physiological (blood pressure and heart rate) and psychological (mood and state anxiety) function before and after an internet session. Individuals also completed a psychometric examination relating to their usage of the internet, as well as their levels of depression and trait anxiety. Individuals who identified themselves as having PIU displayed increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, as well as reduced mood and increased state of anxiety, following cessation of internet session. There were no such changes in individuals with no self-reported PIU. These changes were independent of levels of depression and trait anxiety. These changes after cessation of internet use are similar to those seen in individuals who have ceased using sedative or opiate drugs, and suggest PIU deserves further investigation and serious consideration as a disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Reed
- Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | - Federica Re
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lisa A Osborne
- Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Abstract
This article re-examines the popular concept of Internet addiction, discusses the key problems associated with it, and proposes possible alternatives. The concept of Internet addiction is inadequate for several reasons. Addiction may be a correct designation only for the minority of individuals who meet the general criteria for addiction, and it needs to be better demarcated from various patterns of excessive or abnormal use. Addiction to the Internet as a medium does not exist, although the Internet as a medium may play an important role in making some behaviors addictive. The Internet can no longer be separated from other potentially overused media, such as text messaging and gaming platforms. Internet addiction is conceptually too heterogeneous because it pertains to a variety of very different behaviors. Internet addiction should be replaced by terms that refer to the specific behaviors (eg, gaming, gambling, or sexual activity), regardless of whether these are performed online or offline.
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Ang CS. Internet habit strength and online communication: Exploring gender differences. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Terres-Trindade M, Mosmann CP. Conflitos Familiares e Práticas Educativas Parentais como Preditores de Dependência de Internet. PSICO-USF 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712016210315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar o efeito preditor dos motivos de conflito entre pais e filhos, do conflito interparental e das práticas educativas parentais para a dependência de internet (DI) em jovens. A amostra foi constituída por 200 indivíduos (152 meninas e 48 meninos), com idades de 15 a 24 anos, 85,5% residentes no Rio Grande do Sul e 14,5% em outros estados brasileiros. Os participantes responderam individualmente ao protocolo disponível on-line. Os resultados indicaram como preditores os conflitos sobre a internet com o pai, a ameaça do conflito interparental, os conflitos sobre internet com a mãe e a prática de apoio emocional paterno. Juntas, essas variáveis explicaram 21,2% da dependência de internet. Os resultados corroboram estudos internacionais e indicam que as variáveis familiares investigadas têm um efeito considerável na predição da DI, tendo em vista que esse é um fenômeno complexo e de natureza multifatorial.
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Shirazi M, Abdollah Pour B, Ghaffari P, Jahangir F, Daryaee E, Abdollah Pour Z, Bagheryan M, Shahbazi F. The Relationship Between Internet Addiction and Depression in Nursing Students of Larestan School of Nursing and Gerash Paramedical School. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jogcr-7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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O'Brien JE, Li W, Snyder SM, Howard MO. Problem Internet Overuse Behaviors in College Students: Readiness-to-Change and Receptivity to Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:373-85. [PMID: 26963733 DOI: 10.1080/23761407.2015.1086713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This mixed methods study explores college students' readiness-to-change and receptivity to treatment for problem Internet overuse behaviors. Focus groups were conducted with 27 college students who self-identified as Internet over-users, and had experienced biopsychosocial problems related to Internet overuse. Participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing their Internet use and sociodemographic forms. Focus groups explored readiness to change problem Internet overuse behaviors and receptivity to treatment. Similar to college students with other addictive behaviors, students with problem Internet overuse fall along a continuum vis-à-vis readiness-to-change their behaviors. Over half of the participants were receptive to treatment for their problem Internet overuse behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E O'Brien
- a School of Social Work, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Wen Li
- a School of Social Work, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Susan M Snyder
- a School of Social Work, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Matthew O Howard
- a School of Social Work, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
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Al-Gamal E, Alzayyat A, Ahmad MM. Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Its Association With Psychological Distress and Coping Strategies Among University Students in Jordan. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2016; 52:49-61. [PMID: 25639746 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) and its association with psychological distress and coping strategies among university students in Jordan. DESIGN AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design was used with a random sample of 587 university students in Jordan. The Perceived Stress Scale, Coping Behavior Inventory, and Internet Addiction Test were used. FINDINGS The prevalence of IA was 40%. IA was associated with high mental distress among the students. Students who used problem solving were more likely to experience a lower level of IA. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study should raise awareness in nurses and other healthcare providers that IA is a potential problem for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekhlas Al-Gamal
- Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulkarim Alzayyat
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muayyad M Ahmad
- Clinical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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The Effects of Boredom, Loneliness, and Distress Tolerance on Problem Internet Use Among University Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-015-9568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Characteristics of internet addiction/pathological internet use in U.S. university students: a qualitative-method investigation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117372. [PMID: 25647224 PMCID: PMC4315426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have identified high rates and severe consequences of Internet Addiction/Pathological Internet Use (IA/PIU) in university students. However, most research concerning IA/PIU in U.S. university students has been conducted within a quantitative research paradigm, and frequently fails to contextualize the problem of IA/PIU. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory qualitative study using the focus group approach and examined 27 U.S. university students who self-identified as intensive Internet users, spent more than 25 hours/week on the Internet for non-school or non-work-related activities and who reported Internet-associated health and/or psychosocial problems. Students completed two IA/PIU measures (Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire and the Compulsive Internet Use Scale) and participated in focus groups exploring the natural history of their Internet use; preferred online activities; emotional, interpersonal, and situational triggers for intensive Internet use; and health and/or psychosocial consequences of their Internet overuse. Students’ self-reports of Internet overuse problems were consistent with results of standardized measures. Students first accessed the Internet at an average age of 9 (SD = 2.7), and first had a problem with Internet overuse at an average age of 16 (SD = 4.3). Sadness and depression, boredom, and stress were common triggers of intensive Internet use. Social media use was nearly universal and pervasive in participants’ lives. Sleep deprivation, academic under-achievement, failure to exercise and to engage in face-to-face social activities, negative affective states, and decreased ability to concentrate were frequently reported consequences of intensive Internet use/Internet overuse. IA/PIU may be an underappreciated problem among U.S. university students and warrants additional research.
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Duroy D, Gorse P, Lejoyeux M. Characteristics of online compulsive buying in Parisian students. Addict Behav 2014; 39:1827-30. [PMID: 25128635 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online compulsive buying is a little-studied behavioral disorder. AIMS To better understand its clinical aspects by focusing on (i) prevalence rate, (ii) correlation with other addictions, (iii) influence of means of access, (iv) motivations to shop to the internet and (v) financial and time-consuming consequences. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 200 students in two different centers of Paris Diderot University - Paris VII. MEASUREMENTS Brief self-questionnaires, to screen online compulsive buying, internet addiction, alcohol and tobacco use disorders, to rate frequency of online purchase by private-sale websites, by advertising banners, by mobile phone or to avoid stores, to rate motivations like "more discreet", "lonelier", "larger variety of products", "more immediate positive feelings", and "cheaper" and to assess the largest amount of online purchasing and the average proportion of monthly earnings, and time spent, both day and night. FINDINGS Prevalence of online compulsive buying was 16.0%, while prevalence of internet addiction was 26.0%. We found no significant relationship with cyberdependence, alcohol or tobacco use disorders. Online compulsive buyers accessed more often shopping online by private-sale websites (56.2% vs 30.5%, p<0.0001) or by mobile phone (22.5% vs 7.9%, p=0.005) and preferred online shopping because of exhaustive offer (p<0.0001) and immediate positive feelings (p<0.0001). Online compulsive buyers spent significantly more money and more time in online shopping. CONCLUSION Online compulsive buying seems to be a distinctive behavioral disorder with specific factors of loss of control and motivations, and overall financial and time-consuming impacts. More research is needed to better characterize it.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Duroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Pauline Gorse
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Michel Lejoyeux
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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27
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Lee JY, Park EJ, Kwon M, Choi JH, Jeong JE, Choi JS, Choi SW, Lee CU, Kim DJ. The Difference in Comorbidities and Behavioral Aspects between Internet Abuse and Internet Dependence in Korean Male Adolescents. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:387-93. [PMID: 25395969 PMCID: PMC4225202 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.4.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the differences in psychiatric comorbidities and behavioral aspects in accordance with the severity of Internet addiction in male adolescents. METHODS One hundred and twenty-five adolescents from four middle and high schools in Seoul were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into non-addict, abuse, and dependence groups according to a diagnostic interview by psychiatrists. The psychiatric comorbidities and behavioral aspects of subjects were evaluated through psychiatric clinical interviews based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition), the Children's Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Internet Addiction Test, and a self-reported questionnaire about behavioral aspects. RESULTS The psychiatric comorbidity distributions were significantly different in the abuse and dependence groups, particularly in terms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and mood disorder items. The Children's Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Internet Addiction Test scores were also significantly different among the three groups. There were significant differences in 10 of the 20 items of the Internet Addiction Test between the non-addict, abuse, and dependence groups. There were significant differences in seven items between the non-addict and abuse groups, but no differences between subjects in the abuse and dependence groups. Significant differences were observed in three items between the abuse and dependence groups, but there were no significant differences between the non-addict and abuse groups. In terms of behavioral aspects, scores for abusive, sexual, and decreased social interest behaviors were highest in the dependence group, and lowest in the non-addict group. However, the behavioral aspects of decreased interpersonal relationships did not show this difference between groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that there are differences in psychiatric comorbidities and behavioral aspects between adolescent males with characteristics of Internet abuse and Internet dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E-Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kwon
- Addiction Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Addiction Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Jeong
- Addiction Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Wook Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Uk Lee
- Addiction Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Addiction Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Huang S, Capps M, Blacklock J, Garza M. Reading Habits of College Students in the United States. READING PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02702711.2012.739593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Huang ACW, Chen HE, Wang YC, Wang LM. Internet abusers associate with a depressive state but not a depressive trait. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 68:197-205. [PMID: 24313733 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study investigated three issues: (i) whether Internet abusers display a depressive state without a depressive trait; (ii) which symptoms are shared between Internet abuse and depression; and (iii) which personality characteristics were shown in Internet abusers. METHODS Ninety-nine male and 58 female participants aged 18-24 years were screened with the Chen Internet Addiction Scale. After screening, subjects were separated into the high- (n = 73) and low-risk (n = 84) Internet abuser groups. Participants were respectively administered the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II to assess a depressive state and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 to assess a depressive trait. RESULTS The present results showed that high-risk Internet abusers exhibited a stronger depressive state than low-risk Internet abusers in the Beck Depression Inventory-II. However, high-risk Internet abusers didnot show a depressive trait in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 compared to low-risk Internet abusers. Therefore, high-risk Internet abuse participants exhibited a depressive state without a depressive trait. CONCLUSIONS In a comparison of the symptoms of depression and Internet abuse, it was found that high-risk Internet abuse participants shared some common behavioral mechanisms with depression, including the psychiatric symptoms of loss of interest, aggressive behavior, depressive mood, and guilty feelings. High-risk Internet abuse participants may be more susceptible to a temporal depressive state but not a permanent depressive trait. The present findings have clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of Internet abuse.
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Filippi MK, McCloskey C, Williams C, Bull JW, Choi WS, Greiner KA, Daley CM. Perceptions, barriers, and suggestions for creation of a tobacco and health website among American Indian/Alaska Native college students. J Community Health 2014; 38:486-91. [PMID: 23149568 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-012-9634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Information concerning American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) Internet use and health information needs is dearth. Our research team explored Internet use among AI/AN college students to determine Internet use in relation to health information seeking behaviors. We used a tobacco site example for participants to describe what they desired in a health site designed specifically for AI/AN. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted 14 focus groups with AI/AN college students (N = 108), to better understand their perceptions of and attitudes toward Internet use and health information needs. Daily Internet use was reported across strata yet health topics investigated differed among groups. Participants in all strata desired a health website that was easy to navigate and interactive. Respectful representation of Native culture was a concern, yet no consensus was reached for a multi-tribal audience. Participants felt a website should use caution with cultural depictions due to the possible misinterpretation. Overall, participants agreed that recreational and traditional tobacco use should be differentiated and the variation of traditional use among tribes acknowledged. Data concerning Internet use for health information among AI/AN college students are needed to establish baseline indicators to effectively address disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Filippi
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 1030, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Lin CH, Chen SK, Chang SM, Lin SS. Cross-lagged relationships between problematic Internet use and lifestyle changes. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tsai IH, Graves DE, Lai CH, Hwang LY, Pompeii LA. Association of internet use and depression among the spinal cord injury population. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 95:236-43. [PMID: 23973443 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between the frequency of Internet use and depression among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING SCI Model Systems. PARTICIPANTS People with SCI (N=4618) who were interviewed between 2004 and 2010. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The frequency of Internet use and the severity of depressive symptoms were measured simultaneously by interview. Internet use was reported as daily, weekly, monthly, or none. The depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with 2 published criteria being used to screen for depressive disorder. The diagnostic method places more weight on nonsomatic items (ie, items 1, 2, and 9), and the cut-off method that determines depression by a (PHQ-9) score ≥10 places more weight on somatic factors. The average scores of somatic and nonsomatic items represented the severity of somatic and nonsomatic symptoms, respectively. RESULTS Our multivariate logistic regression model indicated that daily Internet users were less likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio=.77; 95% confidence interval, .64-.93), if the diagnostic method was used. The linear multivariate regression analysis indicated that daily and weekly Internet usage were associated with fewer nonsomatic symptoms; no significant association was observed between daily or weekly Internet usage and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS People with SCI who used the Internet daily were less likely to have depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
| | - Daniel E Graves
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Yu Hwang
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Lisa A Pompeii
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Library usage and demographic characteristics of undergraduate students in a UK university. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND METRICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1108/14678041311316112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Koc M, Gulyagci S. Facebook addiction among Turkish college students: the role of psychological health, demographic, and usage characteristics. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2013; 16:279-84. [PMID: 23286695 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2012.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study explored Facebook addiction among Turkish college students and its behavioral, demographic, and psychological health predictors. The Facebook Addiction Scale (FAS) was developed and its construct validity was assessed through factor analyses. A total of 447 students reported their personal information and Facebook usage and completed the FAS and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The results revealed that weekly time commitment, social motives, severe depression, and anxiety and insomnia positively predicted Facebook addiction. Neither demographic variables nor the interactions of gender by usage characteristics were found to be significant predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Koc
- Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies, College of Education, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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Carli V, Durkee T, Wasserman D, Hadlaczky G, Despalins R, Kramarz E, Wasserman C, Sarchiapone M, Hoven CW, Brunner R, Kaess M. The association between pathological internet use and comorbid psychopathology: a systematic review. Psychopathology 2013; 46:1-13. [PMID: 22854219 DOI: 10.1159/000337971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological Internet use (PIU) has been conceptualized as an impulse-control disorder that shares characteristics with behavioral addiction. Research has indicated a potential link between PIU and psychopathology; however, the significance of the correlation remains ambiguous. The primary objective of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate studies performed on the correlation between PIU and comorbid psychopathology; the secondary aims were to map the geographical distribution of studies, present a current synthesis of the evidence, and assess the quality of available research. SAMPLING AND METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsychINFO, Global Health, and Web of Science. PIU and known synonyms were included in the search. Data were extracted based on PIU and psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive symptoms, social phobia and hostility/aggression. Effect sizes for the correlations observed were identified from either the respective publication or calculated using Cohen's d or R(2). The potential effect of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot model and evaluated by Egger's test based on a linear regression. RESULTS The majority of research was conducted in Asia and comprised cross-sectional designs. Only one prospective study was identified. Twenty articles met the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria; 75% reported significant correlations of PIU with depression, 57% with anxiety, 100% with symptoms of ADHD, 60% with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and 66% with hostility/aggression. No study reported associations between PIU and social phobia. The majority of studies reported a higher rate of PIU among males than females. The relative risks ranged from an OR of 1.02 to an OR of 11.66. The strongest correlations were observed between PIU and depression; the weakest was hostility/aggression. CONCLUSIONS Depression and symptoms of ADHD appeared to have the most significant and consistent correlation with PIU. Associations were reported to be higher among males in all age groups. Limitations included heterogeneity in the definition and diagnosis of PIU. More studies with prospective designs in Western countries are critically needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP) at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jelenchick LA, Becker T, Moreno MA. Assessing the psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in US college students. Psychiatry Res 2012; 196:296-301. [PMID: 22386568 PMCID: PMC3361600 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Internet addiction is a growing concern; however, both a clear understanding of the mechanisms driving problematic behaviors and a gold standard instrument for assessing symptoms are lacking. The purpose of this study was to perform a psychometric analysis of the most widely used screening instrument, the Young Internet Addiction Test (IAT), using a sample of US college students. 215 (70% response rate) undergraduate college students were recruited from two US universities to complete an online version of the IAT. Using exploratory factor analysis, two factors were extracted, "dependent use" and "excessive use" which together explained 91% of the total variance. Participants who scored into the problematic user category of the IAT scored items on the dependent use scale an average of 0.8 ± 1.5 points higher and items on the excessive use scale an average of 1.4 ± 1.5 points higher than participants who scored in the average user category. Results suggest that Internet addiction symptoms may cluster into two separate components, dependent and excessive use. Further, the IAT appears to be a valid instrument for assessing Internet addiction in US college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Becker
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Megan A Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
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Abstract
The objective of this research was to assess Internet addiction among students of the Faculty of Health Prevention at the Medical University of Białystok. The present study included 358 students-nursing (n = 232), midwifery (n = 71), and medical rescue (n = 55). The following instruments were administered to the participants:the Young test, a test of the intensity of the abstinence syndrome, and a test of "online" addiction. Students who did not have a computer at home spent 3 hours a day on the Internet; students who did have a computer at home spent 0.5 to 8hours. On average, all respondents spent 1.8 ± 1.3 hours daily online. Internet addiction was confirmed among 24 (10.3%) nursing, 7 (9.9%) midwifery, and 5(9.1%) medical rescue students. The abstinence syndrome was noted among 11 (4.7%) nursing, 7(9.9%) obstetrics, and 7 (12.7%) medical rescue students. Several students had both an Internet addiction and the abstinence syndrome.
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Yates TM, Gregor MA, Haviland MG. Child maltreatment, alexithymia, and problematic internet use in young adulthood. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2012; 15:219-25. [PMID: 22313343 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to (a) examine the phenomenology and developmental correlates of problematic Internet use (PIU) in a large and diverse college student sample; (b) evaluate a developmental process model of PIU in which the expected association between child maltreatment and PIU would be explained by alexithymia; and (c) explore these relations as a function of gender and race. PIU was assessed in a sample of 1,470 college students (62.9 percent female, 37.1 percent male; M(age)=19.13 years [SD=1.49]; 46.1 percent Asian, 28.2 percent Hispanic, 16.3 percent White, 5.9 percent Black, and 3.5 percent Multiracial/Other) who participated in a larger study of young adult adaptation, which included measures of child maltreatment, alexithymia, self-concept, social support, and psychopathology. Males and Asian students endorsed higher levels of PIU than females and other ethnoracial groups, respectively. PIU was related to contemporaneous maladaptation in the form of decreased self-concept, lower social support, and increased psychopathology across groups. Experiences of child maltreatment were related to increased PIU, and mediation analyses showed that this relation was partially explained by alexithymia. These relations were comparable across males and females and between Asian and non-Asian respondents. The analyses provide evidence for the significant role of child maltreatment and the cognitive-affective deficits it precipitates in understanding pathways toward PIU in young adulthood. Our findings suggest that maltreated youth are at disproportionate risk for PIU, and their capacities to regulate and process emotion are important targets for prevention and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuppett M Yates
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
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Matusitz J, McCormick J. Sedentarism: the effects of Internet use on human obesity in the United States. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 27:250-269. [PMID: 22486430 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2011.542998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of Internet use on human obesity in the United States. The United States is facing a skyrocketing obesity epidemic among adults and children. The authors hypothesize that the more individuals use the Internet, the more they increase their risks of becoming obese. The explanation is that Internet use may cause sedentarism, which refers to decreased energy expenditure or, simply, physical inactivity. Sedentarism, in turn, may increase obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Matusitz
- Nicholson School of Communication, University of Central Florida, Sanford, Florida 32773, USA.
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41
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Cybersex Addiction Patterns in a Clinical Sample of Homosexual, Heterosexual, and Bisexual Men and Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2012.658343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ghamari F, Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadsalehi N, Hashiani AA. Internet addiction and modeling its risk factors in medical students, iran. Indian J Psychol Med 2011; 33:158-62. [PMID: 22345841 PMCID: PMC3271491 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7176.92068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today's internet is a usual and common method for identifying and fulfilling unknown practices. Internet network has been prepared rapid and comfortable access to information. Internet addiction is a new and attractive subject that has been regarded as behavior-based addiction recently. PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of internet addiction and some of the related factors among medical students, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 426 students selected through two-stage sampling method. Yang standard internet addiction questionnaire was used for data collection. After data entry, χ(2), t-test, and Pearson coefficient statistical tests were applied. 0.05 was considered as the significance level. RESULTS The overall prevalence of internet addiction was 10.8%, with moderate and severe internet addiction equal to 8% and 2.8%, respectively. Mean and standard deviation of Yang internet addiction score was calculated as 32.74±14.52. Internet addiction was associated with sex, marital status, father's job, rate of knowledge about computer and internet, and educational level (P<0.05). But it was not associated with the parents' education, residential area, field of study and level, and school of education (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Because internet addiction leads to wasting of the students' leisure time and also useful time, it affects the educational situation inversely. Some measures should be taken to plan and improve the use of internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ghamari
- Department of Occupational health, Health School, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Christakis DA, Moreno MM, Jelenchick L, Myaing MT, Zhou C. Problematic internet usage in US college students: a pilot study. BMC Med 2011; 9:77. [PMID: 21696582 PMCID: PMC3141542 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction among US college students remains a concern, but robust estimates of its prevalence are lacking. METHODS We conducted a pilot survey of 307 college students at two US universities. Participants completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire. Both are validated measures of problematic Internet usage and depression, respectively. We assessed the association between problematic Internet usage and moderate to severe depression using a modified Poisson regression approach. In addition, we examined the associations between individual items in the IAT and depression. RESULTS A total of 224 eligible respondents completed the survey (73% response rate). Overall, 4% of students scored in the occasionally problematic or addicted range on the IAT, and 12% had moderate to severe depression. Endorsement of individual problematic usage items ranged from 1% to 70%. In the regression analysis, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with several individual items. Relative risk could not be estimated for three of the twenty items because of small cell sizes. Of the remaining 17 items, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with 13 of them, and three others had P values less than 0.10. There was also a significant association between problematic Internet usage overall and moderate to severe depression (relative risk 24.07, 95% confidence interval 3.95 to 146.69; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of problematic Internet usage among US college students is a cause for concern, and potentially requires intervention and treatment amongst the most vulnerable groups. The prevalence reported in this study is lower than that which has been reported in other studies, however the at-risk population is very high and preventative measures are also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri A Christakis
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, 2001 Eighth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
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Moreno MA, Jelenchick L, Cox E, Young H, Christakis DA. Problematic internet use among US youth: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 165:797-805. [PMID: 21536950 DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate study quality and reported prevalence among the emergent area of problematic Internet use (PIU) research conducted in populations of US adolescents and college students. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Knowledge from inception to July 2010. STUDY SELECTION Using a keyword search, we evaluated English-language PIU studies with populations of US adolescents and college students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using a quality review tool based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement, 2 reviewers independently extracted data items including study setting, subject population, instrument used, and reported prevalence. RESULTS Search results yielded 658 articles. We identified 18 research studies that met inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of studies ranged between 14 and 29 total points of a possible 42 points; the average score was 23 (SD 5.1). Among these 18 studies, 8 reported prevalence estimates of US college student PIU; prevalence rates ranged from 0% to 26.3%. An additional 10 studies did not report prevalence. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of PIU remains incomplete and is hampered by methodological inconsistencies. The wide range of conceptual approaches may have impacted the reported prevalence rates. Despite the newness of this area of study, most studies in our review were published more than 3 years ago. Opportunities exist to pursue future studies adhering to recognized quality guidelines, as well as applying consistency in theoretical approach and validated instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Moreno
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53705, USA.
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Hetzel-Riggin MD, Pritchard JR. Predicting problematic Internet use in men and women: the contributions of psychological distress, coping style, and body esteem. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2011; 14:519-25. [PMID: 21342011 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2010.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Problematic Internet use (PIU) is becoming a prevalent and serious problem among college students. Rates of PIU are higher in men, which may be due to psychological variables, such as comorbid psychological disorders and beliefs about one's body. We examined the ability of psychological distress, coping style, and body esteem to predict levels of PIU in men and women in a sample of 425 undergraduate students (46.8 percent male; mean age = 19.0, SD = 1.7). For men, phobic anxiety, wishful thinking, and overweight preoccupation were significant predictors of increased PIU. For women, depression, keeping to oneself, and decreased tension reduction were associated with increased PIU. The findings suggest that men and women may have different psychological reasons for excessive Internet use, including different types of psychological distress and coping styles. Unlike women, men may use the Internet because of weight concerns.
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Velezmoro R, Lacefield K, Roberti JW. Perceived stress, sensation seeking, and college students’ abuse of the Internet. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Internet addiction, while not yet officially codified within a psychopathological framework, is growing both in prevalence and within the public consciousness as a potentially problematic condition with many parallels to existing recognized disorders. The rapid and unfettered increase in the number of people accessing a relatively unrestricted internet substantially increases the possibility that those suffering with an underlying psychological comorbidity may be at serious risk of developing an addiction to the internet, lending further credence to this hitherto understudied condition. In this commentary, I outline my recommendations for improved diagnosis, study and prevention of internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri A Christakis
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Sussman S, Lisha N, Griffiths M. Prevalence of the addictions: a problem of the majority or the minority? Eval Health Prof 2010; 34:3-56. [PMID: 20876085 DOI: 10.1177/0163278710380124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of research studies over the last three decades suggest that a wide range of substance and process addictions may serve similar functions. The current article considers 11 such potential addictions (tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, eating, gambling, Internet, love, sex, exercise, work, and shopping), their prevalence, and co-occurrence, based on a systematic review of the literature. Data from 83 studies (each study n = at least 500 subjects) were presented and supplemented with small-scale data. Depending on which assumptions are made, overall 12-month prevalence of an addiction among U.S. adults varies from 15% to 61%. The authors assert that it is most plausible that 47% of the U.S. adult population suffers from maladaptive signs of an addictive disorder over a 12-month period and that it may be useful to think of addictions as due to problems of lifestyle as well as to person-level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Sussman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Alhambra, 91803, USA.
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50
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Weinstein A, Lejoyeux M. Internet Addiction or Excessive Internet Use. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2010; 36:277-83. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2010.491880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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