• Cognition
• Executive function
• N-methyl-D-aspartate
• Sex difference
• Testosterone
• Ventral tegmental area

• Humans
• Dopamine/metabolism
• Male
• Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
• Animals
• Androgens/metabolism
• Sex Characteristics

• behavior
• glutamate
• maternal separation
• phencyclidine
• psychosis
• serine racemase
• social impairment
• stress

• RIN 100% Région Normandie
• Emergent Région Normandie
• A2M2P FHU A2M2P

• First episode of psychosis
• Neuropsychology
• Offspring
• Sex-differences
• Women

• Humans
• Female
• Psychotic Disorders/psychology
• Male
• Adult
• Spain/epidemiology
• Parents/psychology
• Young Adult
• Sex Factors
• Adolescent
• Follow-Up Studies
• Cognition
• Mothers/psychology
• Cohort Studies

• CP18/00003 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
• PFIS:FI/00162 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
• PI14/00639 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
• PI14/00918 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
• PREVAL20/05 Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla
• PREVAL22/23 Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla

• girls
• help seeking
• mental health
• psychosis
• women

This study investigates, for the first time, clinical, cognitive, social cognitive and metacognitive differences in people diagnosed with first-episode of psychosis (FEP) with and without a family history of mental disorder split by maternal and paternal antecedents. A total of 186 individuals with FEP between 18 and 45 years old were recruited in community mental-health services. A transversal, descriptive, observational design was chosen for this study. Results suggest that there is a higher prevalence of maternal history of psychosis rather than paternal, and furthermore, these individuals exhibit a specific clinical, social and metacognitive profile. Individuals with a maternal history of mental disorder scored higher in delusional experiences, inhibition of the response to a stimulus and higher emotional irresponsibility while presenting a poorer overall functioning as compared to individuals without maternal history. Individuals with paternal history of mental disorder score higher in externalizing attributional bias, irrational beliefs of need for external validation and high expectations. This study elucidates different profiles of persons with FEP and the influence of the maternal and paternal family history on clinical, cognitive, social and metacognitive variables, which should be taken into account when offering individualized early treatment.

• Cognition
• Cortical thickness
• Hippocampus
• Partial least squares
• Psychosis
• Sex differences

• Early-onset psychosis
• First-episode psychosis
• Late-onset psychosis
• Neurocognition
• Personalized treatment
• Women

Early detection and prompt treatment of psychosis is of the utmost importance. The great variability in clinical onset, illness course, and response to pharmacological and psychosocial treatment is in great part gender-related. Our aim has been to review narratively the literature focusing on gender related differences in the psychoses, i.e., schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We searched the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases on 31 July 2021, focusing on recent research regarding sex differences in early psychosis. Although women, compared to men, tend to have better overall functioning at psychotic symptom onset, they often present with more mood symptoms, may undergo misdiagnosis and delay in treatment and are at a higher risk for antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic and endocrine-induced side effects. Furthermore, women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders have more than double the odds of having physical comorbidities than men. Tailored treatment plans delivered by healthcare services should consider gender differences in patients with a diagnosis of psychosis, with a particular attention to early phases of disease in the context of the staging model of psychosis onset.

• gender differences
• personalized treatment
• psychosis
• schizophrenia
• women

In this study, we evaluated the predictive factors for the occurrence of metabolic acidosis in patients with multi-drug poisoning, including antidepressants (Ad)/antipsychotics (Ap).

This cross-sectional study was carried out in the referral poisoning center, Khorshid University Hospital, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. All patients with multi-drug ingestion, including Ad/Ap, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups with and without metabolic acidosis. Demographic factors, time from ingestion to admission, clinical manifestations, length of hospital stay, and outcome were compared in two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the risk of metabolic acidosis occurrence.

Among the 206 evaluated patients, 45 patients (21.8%) had metabolic acidosis whom the majority were female (73.3%) with intentional purposes (77.8%). 31.1% of the patients with metabolic acidosis had tachycardia on admission (P = 0.03). Among all variables, time from ingestion to admission (P = 0.02) and lengths of hospital stay (P = 0.002) were significantly different between patients with and without metabolic acidosis. Tachycardia on admission (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–4.76; P = 0.036) and time from ingestion to admission (adjusted OR, 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00–1.13; P = 0.04) were also the predictive factors in occurrence of metabolic acidosis. Most of the patients survived without any complications (94.6%), of whom 72.3% had no previous underlying somatic diseases (P = 0.05).

Admission tachycardia and the time elapsed from ingestion to admission may be considered important factors for predicting metabolic acidosis in multi-drug poisoning, including Ad/Ap.

• Antidepressant
• antipsychotic
• metabolic acidosis
• outcome
• poisoning
• tachycardia

• Female
• Forensic psychiatry
• Gender differences
• Latent class analysis
• Male
• Men
• Offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorder
• Women

• Gender differences
• Schizophrenia
• Unmet needs
• Women

• Neonatal poly(I:C)
• Oxidative imbalance
• Schizophrenia
• Sex differences
• Two-hit animal model

AIM: To review the literature on sex differences in facial emotion perception (FEP) across the schizophrenia spectrum.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of empirical articles that were included in five separate meta-analyses of FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum, including meta-analyses that predominantly examined adults with chronic schizophrenia, people with early (onset prior to age 18) or recent-onset (experiencing their first or second psychotic episode or illness duration less than 2 years) schizophrenia, and unaffected first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. We also examined articles written in English (from November 2011 through June 2015) that were not included in the aforementioned meta-analyses through a literature search in the PubMed database. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. We examined all studies to determine the sample sizes, diagnostic characteristics, demographic information, methodologies, results, and whether each individual study reported on sex differences. The results from the meta-analyses themselves as well as the individual studies are reported in tables and text.

RESULTS: We retrieved 134 articles included in five separate meta-analyses and the PubMed database that examined FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum. Of these articles, 38 examined sex differences in FEP. Thirty of these studies did not find sex differences in FEP in either chronically ill adults with schizophrenia, early-onset or recently diagnosed people with schizophrenia, or first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. Of the eight studies that found sex differences in FEP, three found that chronically ill women outperformed men, one study found that girls with early-onset schizophrenia outperformed boys, and two studies found that women (including first-degree relatives, adults with schizophrenia, and the healthy control group) outperformed men on FEP tasks. In total, six of the eight studies that examined sex differences in FEP found that women outperformed men across the schizophrenia spectrum.

CONCLUSION: Evidence to date suggests few sex differences in FEP in schizophrenia; both men and women across the schizophrenia spectrum have deficits in FEP.

• Clinical high risk
• Emotion
• Facial emotion perception
• Gender
• Recent-onset schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia
• Sex differences

• menstrual cycle
• oestradiol
• psychosis
• schizophrenia

• brain-derived neurotrophic factor
• gender differences
• hippocampus
• ketamine
• neurodevelopmental model
• oxidative and nitrosative stress
• schizophrenia

• psychosis
• qualitative studies
• schizophrenia
• serious mental illness
• young women

Introduction. To date, few studies have focused on the characterization of clinical phenomenology regarding gender in population at high-risk of psychosis. This paper is an attempt to summarize the findings found in the scientific literature regarding gender differences in high-risk populations, taking into account parameters studied in populations with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, such as incidence, clinical expression, duration of untreated illness (DUI), social functioning, and cognitive impairment prior to full-blown psychosis development. Method. Studies were systematically searched in PubMed. Studies using gender variable as a control variable were excluded. 12 studies met inclusion criteria. Results. Most of the studies found a differential pattern between women and men as regards clinical, social, and cognitive variables in the prodromal phase, with worse performance in men except in cognitive functioning (more severe negative symptoms, worse social functioning, and longer DUI in men). Similar conversion rates over time were found between men and women. Conclusions. Many of the studies analyzed suggest that differences between men and women in the expression of psychosis extend across a continuum, from the subclinical forms of illness to the debut of psychosis. However, the small number of studies and their significant methodological and clinical limitations do not allow for firm conclusions.

• schizophrenia
• sex differences
• adolescence
• at-risk
• prognosis
• vulnerability