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Liu G, Yang K, Wang C, Yang J. Diet and Physical Activity Intervention in Normal Weight Obesity Population Base on Smartphone App: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2025; 18:1005-1013. [PMID: 40196412 PMCID: PMC11974552 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s505820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined as normal body mass index (BMI) but increased body fat percentage (BF%). NWO population tend to develop metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. BF% is the key parameter applied in the evaluation of NWO. The exact prevalence of NWO and the cutoff point for the diagnosis of NWO are not well established. Diet and physical activity interventions are the main approach for NWO management. Smartphone apps are widely used for their effectiveness and individualization, making them ideal tool for simplifying the follow-up process in behavioral interventions for both investigators and participants. Methods A single center, prospective, randomized trial will be conducted in Beijing, China. The aim of this 12-week trial is to assess the efficacy of different lifestyle interventions, including diet control only, aerobic training only, resistance training only, and a combination of aerobic and resistance training based on a smartphone app on BF% and metabolic parameters in the NWO population. The primary outcome is the change of BF% between the baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention. The secondary outcomes include changes in measures of anthropometry, blood glucose, insulin, lipids and uric acid between the baseline and 12 weeks of intervention. A sample size of 200 subjects with normal BMI and glucose abnormality confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test will be recruited. Two follow-ups face-to-face and five follow-ups via smartphone app will be included in this trial. Statistical analyses will focus on the differences among different lifestyle interventions and the cutoff point of BF% for diagnosis of NWO. Discussion This trial will provide evidence of the efficacy of lifestyle interventions based on smartphone app. The differences in effect among different lifestyle intervention groups will be elucidated. It will be helpful to propose the cutoff point of BF% for diagnosis of NWO. Trial Registration Number This study was registered with chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR2200063583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
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Parfenteva OI, Kulemin NA, Bondareva EA, Ahmetov II. Prevalence and Predictors of Normal-Weight Obesity among Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:2579. [PMID: 39203715 PMCID: PMC11357504 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to (a) assess normal-weight obesity (NWO) and general obesity prevalence among women of different ages residing in urban areas, (b) evaluate subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) in women with NWO, (c) establish SFT cutoff points for distinguishing NWO, and (d) explore eating habits linked to NWO. This cross-sectional study with 184 women aged 18-65 with NWO, normal weight without obesity (NWNO), overweight and general obesity included evaluation of body composition, SFT assessment using 2.5 MHz A-mode ultrasound (ISAK protocol, 7 sites) and lifestyle inquiries. The curvilinear relationship between body fat and BMI rendered BMI an unreliable indicator of adiposity in women with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2). Almost 30% of women with a high body fat percentage (BFP ≥ 30%) were misclassified when BMI was used to measure adiposity. The overall obesity prevalence defined by BFP was almost four times higher than that defined by BMI (56.0 vs. 18.0%, p = 1 × 10-4). Women with NWO, overweight and general obesity shared a similar SFT profile and eating habits, setting them apart from those with NWNO. The mean SFT was the most reliable NWO predictor, with a threshold set at 12 mm equal to the 66th percentile. Mean SFT accurately classified 85% of women with NWO. While age did not significantly affect subcutaneous fat accumulation, total fat levels increased with age (R2 = 0.07 and R2 = 0.19, padj = 0.1 and padj = 9 × 10-4). Higher NWO prevalence in middle-aged women was linked to age-related increase in fat mass and decrease in fat-free mass. Engaging in regular physical activity and reducing snack consumption effectively countered age-related changes in body composition (padj < 0.05). Women under 45 years who consumed sweet bakery items, fast food, and snacks more frequently showed higher BFP and NWO status (padj < 0.05). Prevention strategies should focus on monitoring body composition and promoting healthy behaviors, particularly among young women transitioning into adulthood and women over 45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Parfenteva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.P.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Nikolay A. Kulemin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.P.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Elvira A. Bondareva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.P.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Ildus I. Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.P.); (E.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5AF, UK
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Kobayashi M, Pattarathitwat P, Pongprajakand A, Kongkaew S. Association of normal weight obesity with lifestyle and dietary habits in young Thai women: A cross-sectional study. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2023; 5:100055. [PMID: 37990747 PMCID: PMC10661982 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The risk of lifestyle-related diseases in normal weight obesity (NWO), a condition, in which the body mass index (BMI) is normal but the body fat mass is high, has attracted a lot of attention. However, there are no reports on the association between NWO and lifestyle, eating habits, and other health risks in Thai people. BMI alone cannot be used to identify individuals with NWO; thus, some students with NWO develop metabolic abnormalities without receiving any intervention. This study aimed to examine the differences in anthropometrics, lifestyle, and eating habits among young Thai women and their association with the BMI and the body fat ratio (BFR). Methods A total of 250 female Thai university students of normal body type (18.5 ≤ BMI<25.0 kg/m2) were classified as having non-normal weight obesity (NO-NWO) if their BFR was <30.0% or NWO if their BMI and BFR were >30.0%. The lifestyle and eating habits of the two groups were compared. We conducted logistic analysis with the presence or absence of NWO as the dependent variable, and the dietary habit items of "eating greasy foods," "eating ultra-processed foods (UPF)," and "drinking sweetened beverages" as the objective variables. Results Among the study participants who were of normal body type, 46.8% were NWO. The participants in the NWO group consumed UPF more frequently (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; p = 0.014) and sweetened beverages more regularly (OR, 1.92, p = 0.041) than those in the NO-NWO group. Conclusion UPF and sweetened beverage consumption was more common in individuals with NWO. Identifying the risk factors for NWO is essential to help individuals make lifestyle changes to prevent its progression and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minatsu Kobayashi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, 12 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8357, Japan
| | - Paponpat Pattarathitwat
- Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi 39 Moo 1, Klong 6, Khlong Luang Pathum, Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Apidech Pongprajakand
- Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi 39 Moo 1, Klong 6, Khlong Luang Pathum, Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Sikaret Kongkaew
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, 202 Chang Phueak Rd, Chang Phueak, Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
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Li H, Li D, Wang X, Ding H, Wu Q, Li H, Wang X, Li K, Xiao R, Yu K, Xi Y. The Role of Dietary Patterns and Dietary Quality on Body Composition of Adolescents in Chinese College. Nutrients 2022; 14:4544. [PMID: 36364805 PMCID: PMC9654524 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence regarding the effects of dietary pattern and dietary quality on the risk of unhealthy weight status and related body composition in Chinese adolescence. In particular, studies using bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) in these subjects are rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diet in body composition, to find a healthy dietary pattern for Chinese youth, and to promote the application of BIA among this population. A total of 498 participants aged from 18 to 22 years old were included. Dietary patterns were identified by principal components analysis. Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (DII) and diet balance index (DBI) were calculated based on semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the relationship of dietary patterns, dietary quality with body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and the effect of dietary factors on BMI levels. The majority of participants with overweight and obesity had abdominal obesity, and there was 3.7% abdominal obesity in normal BMI individuals. Four dietary patterns were detected in the subjects. The pattern with the higher energy intake, which was close to the Western diet, was positively correlated with BMI (β = 0.326, p = 0.018) and FMI (β = 0.201, p = 0.043), while being negatively correlated with FFMI (β = −0.183, p = 0.021). Individuals who followed the pattern similar to the Mediterranean diet had a higher basal metabolic rate (BMR), and the highest fat free mass, soft lean mass, and skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.05) but the lowest FMI, visceral fat area (VFA), waist−hip ratio, and FMI/FFMI ratio (p < 0.05). Higher energy-adjusted DII was associated with high BMI. Higher bound score (HBS) (β = −0.018, p = 0.010) and diet quality distance (DQD) (β = −0.012, p = 0.015) were both negatively correlated with FFMI. In conclusion, fat or muscle indexes, such as BMR, FMI, and FFMI, had an important role in predicting overweight and obesity, which suggested the importance of applying BIA among Chinese college students. Students who followed healthful dietary patterns or the high-quality diet that is similar to the Mediterranean diet but not close to the Western diet were more likely to have a healthy BMI and normal body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dajun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xianyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huini Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haojun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd. C-16, 10A Jiuxianqiao Rd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuandi Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Aiello P, Toti E, Villaño D, Raguzzini A, Peluso I. Overlap of orthorexia, eating attitude and psychological distress in some Italian and Spanish university students. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1298-1312. [PMID: 36389086 PMCID: PMC9641377 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i10.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is the persistent concern of maintaining the self-imposed diet to improve one's health. Many factors have been associated to ON in univ-ersity students.
AIM To assess the prevalence of ON in Italian and Spanish university students in relation to eating attitude and psychological distress, and the possible overlaps between ON (evaluated with different scored questionnaires from the originally proposed ORTO-15), distress and risk of eating disorders.
METHODS This study was carried out on 160 students recruited at La Sapienza University of Rome and at the Catholic University of Murcia. Questionnaires were administered to evaluate ON (ORTO-15 and sub-scores), body concerns (Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, MBSRQ, and Body Uneasiness test, BUT), psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), eating attitude (Eating Attitudes Test, EAT-26) and malnutrition (Starvation Symptom Inventory, SSI). Sex differences, within the same country, and differences between Italian and Spanish students, within the same sex, were evaluated.
RESULTS The ORTO-15 positive subjects, assessed with the originally proposed cut-off, were above 70% in both Italian and Spanish students, with a higher prevalence in the Spanish sample (Italian females 76.3%, Italian males 70.7%; Spanish females 97.0%, Spanish males 96.3%). According to ORTO-7, about 30% of Italian and 48% of Spanish students were positive to ON with no significant sex differences. When excluding students underweight (UW), overweight (OW) or obese (OB), as well as those potentially at risk of eating disorders or presenting mild, moderate and severe distress, in the resultant normal weight (NW)-K10neg-EAT-26neg subgroup, we did not find many correlations observed in the whole sample, including those between ORTO scores and BUT, SSI, Total MBSRQ and some of its components. Moreover, ORTO-7 resulted in the only ON score unrelated with Body Mass Index, MBSRQ components and IPAQ-assessed intense activity, in the NW-K10neg-EAT-26neg subgroup. After this sort of “exclusion diagnosis”, the prevalence of ON of these students on the overall sample resulted in 16.9%, 12.2%, 15.2% and 25.9% for Italian females, Italian males, Spanish females and Spanish males, respectively.
CONCLUSION In some university students ON could be a symptom of other conditions related to body image concerns and distress, as well as to high physical activity and appearance, fitness, health or illness orientation (from MBSRQ). However, ORTO-7 became independent from these confounding variables, after the exclusion of UW, OW, OB and students positive to EAT-26 and K10, suggesting the possibility of identifying orthorexic subjects with this specific questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aiello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Toti
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome 00178, Italy
| | - Débora Villaño
- Food Science and Technology Department, UCAM, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Anna Raguzzini
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome 00178, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome 00178, Italy
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Classroom Movement Breaks and Physically Active Learning Are Feasible, Reduce Sedentary Behaviour and Fatigue, and May Increase Focus in University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137775. [PMID: 35805432 PMCID: PMC9265656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: University students are mostly sedentary in tertiary education settings which may be detrimental to their health and learning. This review aimed to examine the feasibility and efficacy of classroom movement breaks (CMB) and physically active learning (PAL) on physical and cognitive outcomes in university students in the tertiary setting. Methods: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO, and PubMed) were searched for articles published up until November 2021. Manual searching of reference lists and citation tracking were also completed. Two reviewers independently applied inclusion and exclusion criteria and completed quality assessment. Articles were included if they evaluated CMB or PAL interventions delivered to university students in a tertiary setting. Results: Of the 1691 articles identified, 14 studies with 5997 participants met the inclusion criteria. Average study quality scores were poor for both CMB and PAL studies. CMBs and PAL are feasible in the tertiary setting and increase physical activity, reduce sedentary behaviour, increase wellbeing, and reduce fatigue in university students. In addition, CMBs increased student focus and attention in class and PAL had no detrimental effect on academic performance. Conclusions: University educators should feel confident in introducing CMB and/or PAL interventions into their classes to improve student health and wellbeing.
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Diao X, Gao L, Yang Y, Chen X, Gong J, Qian Y, Yang W. Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Obesity and Bariatric Surgery in University Students: a National Survey. Obes Surg 2022; 32:2869-2879. [PMID: 35729447 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a noticeable public health problem, especially in the young population. Bariatric surgery is growing in China but it is still new to the general public. Knowledge and attitudes towards obesity and bariatric surgery in university students are important to national health decision-making. OBJECTIVES To study the knowledge and attitudes towards obesity and bariatric surgery among Chinese university students. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire was distributed to university students to fill in online from June to July 2021. RESULTS A total of 3199 questionnaires were received, with an effective rate of 98.58% (3154 questionnaires). 65.44% of whom had normal BMI and 12.14% of whom were overweight or in obesity. More than 80% of them had a high knowledge of the common causes and complications of obesity but lacked knowledge of the relationship between obesity and bone and joint, tumor or cancer, and reproductive diseases. 51.55% of them thought they needed to lose weight, especially female students (P < 0.01). Only 39% had regular physical exercise habits, 58.62% of them could reasonably control their diet, and more than 2/3 of them (67.82%) often stayed up late. Safety (29.77%) and effectiveness (29.3%) of bariatric surgery were not well accepted. Among medical students, education positively affected knowledge and attitudes towards bariatric surgery (P < 0.05). Mass media and social platforms were the main sources for obtaining obesity and weight-loss information. CONCLUSIONS Chinese university students have insufficient knowledge of obesity and related complications, lack of scientific management of their own weight, and poor acceptance of bariatric surgery. More education is needed on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingling Diao
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilian Gao
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurou Yang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Gong
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiu Qian
- Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.
- Jinan University Institute of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint University, Guangzhou, China.
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Campos-Uscanga Y, Morales-Ortiz AV, Argüelles-Nava VG, Moreno Cortes ML, Ramírez-Chang LA, Cazorla-Santiago B, Luzanía-Valerio MS. Lifestyle, psychological well-being, and body mass index of indigenous women. ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE NUTRICIÓN 2022. [DOI: 10.37527/2022.72.1.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle, psychological well-being, and body mass index of indigenous women. Introduction. Obesity is more common in women and has also been found to be present in indigenous populations. During university studies, obesity-related lifestyles are in the process of consolidation, and although this is known, research is limited to addressing physical activity and diet, ignoring other lifestyle components, such as life appreciation. Additionally, there is a need to corroborate whether psychological well-being contributes to excess weight in indigenous women. Objective. To determine whether there is an association between lifestyle, psychological well-being, and body mass index (BMI) in indigenous women. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 female Zapotec university students in Juchitán, Oaxaca, Mexico. The Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Healthy Lifestyle Scale for University Students, and a questionnaire about personal data were used. Body weight and height were measured to calculate BMI. Results. There was a negative correlation between BMI, self-acceptance (r = -0.33; p < 0.01), and life appreciation (r = -0.22; p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between lifestyle and psychological well-being dimensions, with the strongest correlations being observed between life appreciation and purpose in life (r = 0.55) and self-acceptance (r = 0.48). The multivariable models determined that life appreciation and self-acceptance are associated with BMI. Conclusion. Life appreciation and self-acceptance are predictors of BMI and are even more strongly associated than exercise and nutrition behaviors.
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Pujia R, Tarsitano MG, Arturi F, De Lorenzo A, Lenzi A, Pujia A, Montalcini T. Advances in Phenotyping Obesity and in Its Dietary and Pharmacological Treatment: A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:804719. [PMID: 35242796 PMCID: PMC8885626 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.804719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, it has become evident that there are individuals who, from a metabolic point of view, are affected by obesity but have a normal body mass index. There are also metabolically healthy individuals with a high body mass index who are thus are considered as to be affected by obesity obese. Understanding that individuals with obesity are phenotypically heterogeneous is a relatively novel concept which, although present in the scientific literature, unfortunately has not yet had an impact in clinical practice. However, common dietary approaches are not effective in treating large numbers of obese patients with obesity. This narrative review, based on the material searched via PubMed and the Web of Science up to October 2021, proposes a downsizing of the role of the body mass index in identifying the individual with "true obesity" since it is only partially useful, and suggests a new approach which also integrates the body composition and assessment of metabolic parameters. This approach leads to personalized therapies that work best for each obesity phenotype in reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science Nutrition Unit, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tarsitano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science Nutrition Unit, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science Nutrition Unit, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science Nutrition Unit, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Nutrition Unit, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Hu J, Liu M, Yang R, Wang L, Liang L, Yang Y, Jia S, Chen R, Liu Q, Ren Y, Zhu L, Cai M. Effects of high-intensity interval training on improving arterial stiffness in Chinese female university students with normal weight obese: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Transl Med 2022; 20:60. [PMID: 35109880 PMCID: PMC8809004 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been reported to exert better effects on cardiovascular fitness in obesity, but little known about the arterial stiffness (AS) in female university students with normal weight obesity (NWO). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on the body composition, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), blood lipids metabolism as well as the novel parameters of propensity for AS (arterial velocity pulse index [AVI], arterial pressure volume index [API]) for female university students with NWO. Methods Forty female university students with NWO were randomly assigned to control group (n = 20) and HIIT group (3 bouts of 9‑min intervals at 90% of the maximal heart rate [HRmax], interspersed by 1 min rest, 5 days a week, n = 20). Tests were performed before and after 4 weeks of training. Repeated measures ANOVA and simple effect test analysis were used to analyze dependent variable changes. Results After 4 weeks HIIT statistically significantly improved the body composition by decreasing the body mass index, body fat percent, total body fat mass (BFM), BFM of left arm, measured circumference of left arm, and obesity degree, and increasing the total body skeletal muscle mass, protein content, total body water, fat free mass, body cell mas, and InBody score. HIIT also statistically significantly decreased the HR and BP. As for the lipid profile, HIIT obviously ameliorated the blood lipids metabolism by decreasing the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and TC/HDL, and increasing the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, the AVI and API were markedly decreased via HIIT intervention. Conclusions HIIT produced significant and meaningful benefits for body composition, HR, BP, and blood lipids metabolism, and could decrease AS in female university students with NWO. This suggests that HIIT may effectively reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis and protect the cardiovascular function for female university students with NWO. Trial registration ChiCTR2100050711. Registered 3 September 2021. Retrospectively registered.
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