This study examines the effects of social support and psychological capital on job burnout and leisure crafting among emergency department nurses, focusing on the serial-mediating roles of psychological capital and job burnout. AMOS 26 was used to test serial mediation by administering 317 survey questionnaires to conveniently selected nurses employed at nine Grade-A hospitals in China. Results showed social support significantly influenced leisure crafting (β = 0.94, p = 0.014, CI = 0.150-2.131), with psychological capital (β = 0.82, p = 0.005, CI = 0.315-10.354) and job burnout (β = 0.28, p = 0.036, CI = 0.032-0.722) serving as significant mediators. A serial-mediating effect was also observed (β = 0.16, p = 0.042, CI = 0.003-0.477), accounting for 57.3% of the total effect. The findings suggest that enhancing social support, psychological capital, and reducing burnout can improve nurses' well-being, work performance, and leisure crafting.

The accumulation of health knowledge may motivate the development of long-term healthy behavior in secondary school ages. The present investigation aimed to assess the health interests and knowledge of secondary school pupils following different types of diets.

The From Science 2 School study was developed with a cross-sectional design. Pupils of secondary school levels I and II were invited to complete an online survey with questions on the individual, physical activity, nutrition, and health. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-squared tests were used in the statistical analysis.

A basic sample of 8845 participants completed the survey. Following data clearance, 8799 pupils (aged 15.1 years; 63.1 % girls, 36.9 % boys) were eligible for the final analysis. Pupils followed a mixed diet (n = 8164; 92.8 %) vegetarian diet (n = 493; 5.6 %), or vegan diet (n = 142; 1.6 %). Girls were more likely to consume a vegetarian (n = 429; 87 %) or vegan diet (n = 108; 76 %; p < 0.01). The vegetarian and vegan subgroups were more frequently interested in health and nutrition (p < 0.01) but similar for interest in physical activity and sports (p > 0.05). A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was found among the mixed diet subgroup (n = 987; 12.1 %; p < 0.01).

This is the first study to assess health interests and knowledge in school pupils following vegetarian and vegan diets. The results indicate that following a vegetarian or vegan type of diet during childhood and adolescence is associated with a higher level of health knowledge and nutritional understanding.

The bidirectional relationship between muscle mass and chronic lung diseases (CLD) in middle-aged and older adults remains inadequately explored. This study aims to investigate the bidirectional association between estimated muscle mass and self-reported chronic lung diseases while elucidating the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship.

This study utilized data from the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018), focusing on individuals aged 45 years or older. Cox regression was used to investigate the bidirectional relationship between estimated muscle mass and self-reported CLD. Causal mediation analysis was employed to evaluate the role of 16 blood biomarkers as potential mediators. Sensitivity analysis using cross-lagged models was conducted to verify the robustness of the bidirectional association between estimated muscle mass and self-reported CLD.

Among 10,591 participants, 1,742 (16%) self-reported CLD during a median follow-up of 4.4 years. Participants with low estimated muscle mass had a 27% higher risk of developing self-reported CLD compared to those with normal muscle mass (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12-1.44). In a separate analysis of 6,067 participants, 708 (12%) experienced new-onset estimated low muscle mass, with those reporting CLD showing a 26% increased risk of muscle loss during a median follow-up of 2.5 years (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.06-1.49). Notably, individuals with insufficient physical activity exhibited a significantly higher risk of self-reported CLD compared to those who engaged in regular exercise (HR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.37-2.66). Additionally, the negative impact of low estimated muscle mass was more pronounced in male participants than in females (HR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.33-2.03) over the same follow-up period. Causal mediation analysis suggested that cystatin C may mediate 0.61% of the association between estimated muscle mass and self-reported CLD.

There is a bidirectional relationship between self-reported CLD and low estimated muscle mass. Self-reported CLD may cause varying degrees of estimated muscle mass reduction across different population subgroups. Understanding this dynamic and its variations can enhance prevention and treatment strategies for both conditions.

The present study investigated the impact of three intensities of aerobic exercise -- low intensity [LIE), moderate intensity [MIE], and higher intensity [HIE]) -- on information processing and executive functioning. Forty participants (19, male; 21, female) between the ages of 18-25 (mean = 20.75, SD = ± 2.56) were randomly assigned to either a non-exercise-control (CON), LIE, MIE, or HIE groups. Participants took part in (1) single choice (SC), multichoice (MC), and dual-task (DT) response-time tasks to ascertain the speed of information processing, and (2) the Trail Making Test (TMT) to ascertain executive functioning, before exercise and 1 min and 20 min postexercise. Information processing was analyzed by fractionating total response time (RPT) into reaction time (RT), and movement time (MT). Trail Making Test, RPT, RT, and MT data were analyzed using separate 4 (Group [CON, LIE, MIE, HIE]) x 3 (Test Trial Block [pre-exercise, 1 min postexercise, 20 min postexercise]) repeated measures ANOVA. Results indicated that to varying extents participants in the three exercise groups significantly improved their RT and RPT during MC and DT tasks, but not during the SC task, and improved their TMT scores (ranging from p < .05 to p < .001) compared to CON group participants and that these improvements were observed at 1 min and 20 min postexercise. Based on the results, exercises of varying intensities positively affected the speed of information processing during the more complex response time tasks (MC and DT) and positively impacted executive functioning. As RT, and not MT, was primarily affected by exercise and as RT represents more central nervous system (CNS) processing, the faciliatory effect of exercise on the speed of information processing involved more rapidity of cortical processing than rapidity of movement when completing the MC and DT response-time tasks.

The satisfaction with life among college students is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by various factors. This research investigates the influence of physical activity on the life satisfaction of college students, with a particular focus on the mediating effects of emotional regulation and physical self-esteem. Utilizing a cross-sectional approach, the study surveyed 614 freshman students at a vocational college in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The assessment tools included the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Physical Self-Esteem Scale (PSPP), and the Adolescent Emotional Regulation Ability Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27, encompassing descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent sample t-tests, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis, while controlling for gender and ethnicity. The findings revealed significant gender disparities in physical activity levels, physical self-esteem, and life satisfaction among the college student population. The mediation analysis showed that although the direct effect of physical activity on life satisfaction was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), its indirect effects through emotional regulation (β = 0.0269, P < 0.001) and physical self-esteem (β = 0.0837, P < 0.001) were highly significant. Moreover, physical activity positively predicted life satisfaction through the combined mediating pathway of emotional regulation and physical self-esteem (β = 0.0049, P < 0.001). Therefore, the study concludes that while the direct impact of physical activity on college students' life satisfaction might be subtle, its positive effects are primarily channeled through the mediation of emotional regulation and physical self-esteem, offering valuable insights for institutions to enhance the overall well-being of their students.

Background: Sleep and physical activity (PA) are bidirectionally related, with PA having a positive effect on sleep, and sleep quality influencing PA the following day. However, little is known about the effects of clinical interventions for sleep disorders on PA. Therefore, the aim of this secondary analysis is to evaluate the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), the first-line treatment for insomnia, on PA. Methods: Thirty-eight nurses with shift work disorder and insomnia were randomly assigned to either CBT-I or a waitlist control group. PA was measured for one week before (T0) and after the intervention/waiting period (T1) using actigraphy and sleep diary items. The impact of CBT-I on the PA parameters was analyzed using linear mixed models. In addition, correlations of pre-to-post-treatment changes in PA and pre-to-post-treatment changes in the clinical outcomes (insomnia severity, sleep efficiency, depression) were explored in the CBT-I group. Results: CBT-I increased actigraphy-derived PA during the two hours (β = 26.17, SE = 9.41, p = 0.009) and one hour (β = 13.24, SE = 4.57, p = 0.006) after time in bed, and resulted in a higher percentage of self-reported days with PA (β = 19.11, SE = 9.36, p = 0.049) compared to the waitlist control group. No significant correlations were found between the changes in PA and clinical outcomes, except for a moderate positive correlation between changes in self-reported sleep efficiency and changes in PA one hour before time in bed (r = 0.56, p = 0.013). Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate the impact of CBT-I on PA, providing preliminary evidence of the potential positive effects. Further studies with larger sample sizes and randomized controlled designs with continuous PA monitoring are needed to confirm these preliminary results.

Mitochondria supply most of the energy for cellular functions and coordinate numerous cellular pathways. Their dynamic nature allows them to adjust to stress and cellular metabolic demands, thus ensuring the preservation of cellular homeostasis. Loss of normal mitochondrial function compromises cell survival and has been implicated in the development of many diseases and in aging. Although exposure to continuous or severe stress has adverse effects on cells, mild mitochondrial stress enhances mitochondrial function and potentially extends health span through mitochondrial adaptive responses. Over the past few decades, sestrin2 (SESN2) has emerged as a pivotal regulator of stress responses. For instance, SESN2 responds to genotoxic, oxidative, and metabolic stress, promoting cellular defense against stress-associated damage. Here, we focus on recent findings that establish SESN2 as an orchestrator of mitochondrial stress adaptation, which is supported by its involvement in the integrated stress response, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy. Additionally, we discuss the integral role of SESN2 in mediating the health benefits of exercise as well as its impact on skeletal muscle, liver and heart injury, and aging.

ObjectiveThis study examined the impact of physical activity on life satisfaction in middle-aged and older adults in China. Utilizing longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2015 and 2018, a total of 6484 participants aged 45 or older were included in the analysis.MethodsData were collected on sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle variables, physical activity, and life satisfaction. Physical activity was categorized into 3 levels: low (71%), moderate (25%), and high (4%). Ordinal logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to examine the effect of baseline physical activity on life satisfaction, including the examination of interaction effects.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, gender, education, marriage, residence, smoking, alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health at baseline (2015), compared to the moderate-intensity physical exercise group, those in the low-intensity group experienced significantly lower levels of life satisfaction on follow-up (2018). In the subgroup analyses, a significant negative effect of low-intensity physical activity on life satisfaction was found in all groups regardless of age, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol use, sleep duration, weight, presence of chronic diseases, or self-rated health.ConclusionThese results support the promotion of physical exercise to enhance life satisfaction among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that children with epilepsy (CWE) are limited in the frequency of their daily physical activity (PA). However, there is limited research utilizing device-based measures of PA. We compared levels of PA and sedentary behavior in CWE (11-15 y) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Participants (n = 60 CWE [25 males, 35 females] and n = 49 controls [25 males, 24 females]) wore a Actigraph accelerometer (GT3X or GT3X+) for 7 consecutive days during waking hours and self-reported their PA and sedentary behaviors. CWE were compared with control children on time spent in different intensities of PA and on self-reported PA and sedentary behavior. Factors associated with PA were analyzed using linear regression.

CWE spent less time in accelerometer assessed light (189.15 vs 215.01 min/d, P < .05) and vigorous PA (35.14 vs 44.28 min/d, P < .05) on weekdays compared with controls. There were no significant differences between CWE and control participants in accelerometer assessed time spent sedentary or time spent in PA on weekends. Among CWE, older children engaged in more reported sedentary behavior and younger children spent more time in most domains of PA (P < .05). Furthermore, CWE reported less PA than controls (P = .006). Sixteen percent of controls met World Health Organization PA guidelines compared with 10% of CWE. There was a positive relationship between accelerometer assessed PA and quality of life for CWE.

CWE spent less time in light and moderate to vigorous PA on weekdays. Further research is needed to understand reasons for these differences.

To explore fatigue and physical activity behavior experiences and management, with an emphasis on activity pacing among adults with chronic conditions.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 adults with chronic conditions and the symptoms of chronic fatigue who had either received or not received fatigue management advice. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, then analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Participants reported barriers to fatigue management such as overactivity, mental health issues, and workplace challenges. Additionally, they highlighted rest, restful activities, and supportive social environment as facilitators of effective fatigue management, along with the importance of nutrition and physical activity. In some cases, there were conflicting experiences with social environment and physical activity. Activity pacing was identified as a promising solution and participants recommended several strategies for future consideration.

Participants identified fatigue as a significant denominator in daily living and recognized the importance of activity pacing in fatigue management. Through reflective processes, they uncovered crucial factors for effective fatigue management, highlighting a multidimensional, interdisciplinary, and tailored approach to activity pacing as a promising solution. Further research should explore clinicians' perspectives of a multidimensional fatigue management approach to further support optimal intervention design.

The International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years (SUNRISE) was conducted in Tunisia to assess the proportion of preschoolers who met the World Health Organization guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. The study also evaluated the feasibility of the methods for the SUNRISE study.

Five kindergartens were recruited from urban and rural areas in Tunisia. Physical activity and sleep duration were assessed using a waist-worn ActiGraph. Screen time and sleep quality were assessed via an interview-administered parent questionnaire. The NIH Toolbox was used.

A total of 112 preschoolers were assessed (50 boys, age = 4.1 [0.58]). Only 18% of children met all recommendations of the World Health Organization guidelines, while 53% met the sedentary screen time (in minutes per day), and 41% met physical activity recommendation (in minutes per day). Eighty-one percent of children met the sleep duration recommendation (in minutes per day). There was good compliance with the ActiGraph protocol.

This pilot study provided important insights into the feasibility of the study and the movement behaviors of Tunisian preschool children. The results suggest there is a need to promote healthy levels of physical activity and sedentary screen time in children, which should be a priority in public health initiatives, including preschool curricula, in Tunisia.

Recreational sports activities can offer participants many physical, psychological, and social benefits. The flow state they feel during participation can give them a sense of satisfaction and positively change their attitudes toward participation in recreational sports activities. This study aimed to determine the role of recreational flow experience and well-being on the re-participation intention in recreational sport participants.

A personal information form, the "Recreational Flow Experience Scale," the "Recreational Sport Well-being Scale," and the "Re-participation Intention Scale" were used as data collection tools. The sample group consisted of a total of 402 voluntary recreational sport participants including 191 women (47.5%) and 211 men (52.5%), who were selected by purposive sampling method in recreational parks and areas in Bingöl, Türkiye. The SPSS software was used to analyze data. Independent Samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation analysis, and Regression analysis methods were used in the analysis process.

Statistically significant differences were observed between re-participation intention and the variables of gender, years of participation in sportive recreational activities, and frequency of participation. Statistically significant differences were also found between the frequency of participation in sportive recreational activities and life satisfaction and positive feelings subscales. There was also a statistically significant difference between the years of participation in sportive recreational activities and the recreational flow experience. A moderate positive correlation was found between recreational flow experience, recreational sport well-being, and re-participation intention variables.

Family flourishing and positive feelings have a significant relationship on individuals' intention to re-participate in recreational activities. This suggests that emotional and social well-being may play an important role in the sustainability of participation in recreational sports. As the experience and frequency of participation in recreational sports activities increased, the levels of well-being elevated. Moreover, as the recreational flow experience and recreational well-being level elevated, the intention to re-participate in recreational sport activities increased. For this reason, organizing programs and studies to encourage continuous participation in recreational activities can benefit the well-being level of the society.

Physical activity and nutrition play a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. This cross-sectional study analyzes the relationship between physical activity habits and dietary patterns in the Spanish population.

Data were collected through validated questionnaires: the Nutritional and Social Healthy Habits scale (NutSo-HH) for nutritional and lifestyle habits and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire for physical activity distributed via social media from June to November 2024.

The sample included 1534 respondents (67% female), aged 18-65+ years, with diverse educational, income, and living conditions. Socio-demographic, nutritional, lifestyle, and physical activity data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests and Principal Component Analysis. On average, participants engaged in 96.7 min/week of high-intensity physical activity and 118 min/week) of moderate-intensity physical activity. While 75% met the WHO recommendations for moderate activity, only 40% reached optimal levels of high-intensity activity. Individuals engaging in higher levels of physical activity, particularly high-intensity exercise, reported better self-perceived health, lower obesophobia, and better body image. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between higher physical activity levels and the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish, while individuals with lower physical activity levels demonstrated a higher intake of ultra-processed and fried foods.

The Principal Component Analysis revealed a bidirectional relationship between the alignment of healthy dietary habits and increased physical activity. These findings highlight the importance of promoting both physical activity and balanced nutrition to enhance overall health and lifestyle quality.

Enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery protocols include evidence-based interventions designed to improve patient experience, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes while reducing healthcare-related costs. This is the first update of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society guidelines for antenatal and preoperative care before cesarean delivery after the original publication in 2018.

Interventions were selected based on expert consensus using the Delphi method. An updated literature search was conducted in September 2024 using the Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Targeted searches were performed by a medical librarian to identify relevant articles published since the 2018 Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society guidelines publication, which evaluated each antenatal and preoperative enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery intervention, focusing on randomized clinical trials and large observational studies (≥800 patients) to maximize search feasibility and relevance. Following a review of the evidence, a consensus was reached regarding the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation for each proposed intervention according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

The 6 recommended enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery interventions are (1) antenatal pathway patient education for scheduled caesarean delivery (evidence low to very low, recommendation strong); (2) multidisciplinary medical and surgical staff education regarding enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery support, intervention implementation, and measurement (evidence low, recommendation strong); (3) optimization of the medical care for pregnant patients with comorbid conditions, such as anemia, obesity, hypertension, prepregnancy and gestational diabetes, smoking (tobacco, cannabis, vaping), congenital heart disease, epilepsy, autoimmune disease, and asthma (evidence moderate, recommendation strong); (4) abdominal skin preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate impregnated cloth (evening before scheduled cesarean delivery) (evidence moderate; recommendation weak); (5) the duration of preoperative fasting based on the content intake (evidence low, recommendation weak); (6) the use of a preoperative, nonparticulate carbohydrate drink (evidence low-moderate, recommendation strong).

The first 3 recommendations are for use in the antenatal period (10-38 weeks of gestation), which allow for the optimization of patient comorbidities, whereas the remaining 3 recommendations are for preoperative interventions (skin preparation, preoperative fasting directives, and preoperative carbohydrate supplementation). Educational tools for cesarean delivery with well-designed shared decision-making focus on comorbidity management should be developed. These management tasks are viewed as routine care; however, the measurable success and impact have clinical variance. The enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery goal for patients who are undergoing a scheduled caesarean delivery is to maximize the quality of the pregnant patient's recovery and the fetal-neonatal outcome.

The authors' objective with this narrative review is to explore the impact of rehabilitative interventions at each stage of liver disease. TYPE: Narrative review.

Literature search conducted in Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar databases.

Articles were included if they were identified in one of the three database, written in English, peer-reviewed, and involved human participants without any restrictions on the publication date. Reference lists of these publications were also scrutinized for other articles that might be relevant. Elibigle articles were reviewed to determine whether they met inclusion crtieria.

Authors synthesized findings in the eligible articles to create a narrative summary.

Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Cirrhosis causes alterations in metabolic and circulatory functions that negatively affect nutritional status and exercise capacity. Frailty is identified in nearly half of patients with advanced liver disease and bears a poor prognosis. Exercise and nutritional interventions improve key components of physical frailty and quality of life in chronic liver disease and after liver transplantation. Early mobility is generally recommended following liver transplantation and deemed to be safe and feasible. Inpatient rehabilitation may be considered in patients who require ongoing daily medical management by a physician, demonstrate a significant functional decline from their baseline, tolerate intensive rehabilitation, and have functional goals that can be addressed by at least two skilled therapies. Rehabilitation is safe and improves outcomes at every stage of liver disease from cirrhosis to following transplantation. This literature review explores the impact of rehabilitative interventions at each stage of liver disease from cirrhosis to transplantation and beyond.

Increasing temperatures across the globe, including in Europe, pose one of the biggest threats to human health and wellbeing. Different kinds of inequalities, determined by age, sex/gender, isolation, socio-economic status, occupation, living in the city, and health situation, create vulnerability factors influencing people's heat-related mortality risk and their daily experiences during summer.

Our study uses an interdisciplinary approach to research how intersecting inequalities generate vulnerabilities to heat stress among older adults (65+) in two European cities: Warsaw and Madrid. We combine three methodological approaches juxtaposing quantitative and qualitative data: (1) epidemiological analysis that uses daily mortality data in Warsaw and Madrid coupled with meteorological station temperature data from HadISD; (2) the OLS regression based on the survey conducted in Warsaw and Madrid in 2022; and (3) the focus group interviews conducted in Warsaw in 2021.

Our data confirms that good health and financial situation protect people both from mortality risk and negative heat experiences. Interestingly, both air conditioning (A/C) usage and being physically active increase the negative heat experiences people reported. Finally, we identified two vulnerability paradoxes understood as situations when a person or a group might be more at risk but not experience or perceive negative impacts of heat. These paradoxes affect the oldest adults (80+) and older people living alone in both cities.

Studies on vulnerability and adaptation need to incorporate both large scale top-down data sets and bottom-up, localized data based on individual experience. Combining various methods and disciplinary approaches enables identification of inequality factors and vulnerability paradoxes that remain unnoticed or underestimated while increasing people's vulnerability to heat stress.

The daily association between 24-hour physical behavior compositions (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), standing, sedentary, and sleep) and psychological outcomes-such as momentary affective state assessments and working memory-remains understudied. We investigated whether the daily 24-hour compositions, particularly MVPA and SB considering the remaining behaviors, are associated with affective states and working memory. We conducted an ambulatory assessment study with 199 university employees. Physical behaviors were measured continuously via thigh-worn accelerometers throughout the day. Affective states (i.e., valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) and working memory performance (i.e., numeric updating task) were captured up to six times a day via electronic diaries and tasks on a smartphone. We conducted Bayesian multilevel compositional data analysis to analyze within-person, and between-person associations of 24-hour physical behavior composition with affective states, and working memory. Aggregated same-day outcomes were used for main analyses to capture concurrent associations, and next-day outcomes were used for exploratory analyses to capture prospective associations. Concurrent analyses showed that higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity relative to the remaining physical behaviors was associated with 2.49 [95%CI 1.00, 4.06] higher valence and 3.65 [95%CI 2.11, 5.28] higher energetic arousal (but not calmness) ratings at the within-person, but not at the between-person level. Sedentary behavior relative to the remaining physical behaviors was not associated with any affective states. Spending more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, followed by light physical activity, and standing, each at the expense of the other behaviors was associated with higher affective state ratings on the same day (between-person: ≥1.29 [0.19, 2.51] higher valence, 1.23 [0.04, 2.40] higher calmness; within-person: ≥0.62 [0.04, 1.22] higher valence, ≥ 1.10 [0.63, 1.58] higher energetic arousal, ≥ 0.95 [0.18, 1.74] higher calmness). The 24-hour physical behavior composition was not associated with working memory. Findings underline the importance of the 24-hour composition of physical behavior for mental health, by demonstrating significant concurrent associations with affective states. Even small reallocations of behaviors may positively influence affective states, providing valuable insights for the development of future interventions.

Since children left behind in rural areas are more prone to aggressive behavior due to incomplete families or inappropriate parenting styles, it is essential to identify influencing factors and potential mechanisms to mitigate their aggression. This study aims to examine the relationship between physical exercise and aggressive behavior among rural left-behind children in China and the mediating effects of psychological capital and self‑control.

Participants consisted of 453 rural left-behind children (Mage = 12.58, SD = 1.41; boys = 231, girls = 222) from two rural primary schools and two rural junior high schools in a city in central China. These rural left-behind children completed a questionnaire measuring physical exercise, psychological capital, self-control, and aggressive behavior. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS software and the Process plug-in.

The results showed that (1) physical exercise, psychological capital, and self-control were all significantly positively correlated with each other, and they were all significantly negatively correlated with aggressive behavior. (2) psychological capital and self-control partially serve as both independent and chain mediators between physical exercise and aggressive behavior.

This study provides further insight into the underlying mechanisms linking physical exercise and aggressive behavior in rural left-behind children. Physical exercise not only has a direct negative effect on aggressive behavior but also indirectly predicts aggressive behavior through its impact on psychological capital and self-control. This mediating effect model provided a valuable insight for improving their physical exercise and preventing aggressive behavior.

Physical activity is protective against chronic disease but whether activity is associated with persistent symptoms in non-hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors is unknown. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity levels and the influence of physical activity on acute COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms in non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors.

In total, 64 non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors (45 female participants, 40 ± 18 years) were assessed for activity levels, body composition, and symptoms of COVID-19 8.5 ± 4.7 months post-infection and categorized into two groups: (1) persistent symptoms and (2) no symptoms at the time of testing. Furthermore, 43 of the 64 participants (28 female participants, 46 ± 18 years) completed a follow-up questionnaire online 51.0 ± 39.7 months (4.25 years) post-infection. A subset of 22 COVID-19 survivors (16 female participants, 35 ± 16 years) were matched for age, sex, and body mass index with healthy controls. Physical activity was quantified using (1) self-reported questionnaire (International Physical Activity Questionnaire; IPAQ-SF) at three time periods; prior to COVID-19 infection, at the time of laboratory testing (8.5 ± 4.7 months after infection), and during an online follow-up (51.0 ± 39.7 months, i.e., 4.25 years after infection); and (2) 7 days of wearing an ActiGraph accelerometer following laboratory testing.

Physical activity (IPAQ-SF) declined in COVID-19 survivors from pre-COVID-19 infection to 8.5 ± 4.7 months after infection [3,656 vs. 2,656 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) min/week, 27% decrease, p < 0.001, n = 64] and rebounded to levels similar to pre-COVID-19 infection at 4.25 years after infection (p = 0.068, n = 43). Activity levels quantified with accelerometry did not differ between COVID-19 survivors and controls. However, COVID-19 survivors who reported persistent symptoms 8.5 months after infection (n = 29) engaged in less moderate-vigorous physical activity and steps/day than those without persistent symptoms (n = 27) (37 vs. 49 MET min/day, p = 0.014 and 7,915 vs. 9,540 steps/day, p = 0.014).

Both COVID-19 survivors and matched controls reported reductions in physical activity indicating that lower levels of activity were likely due to the pandemic rather than COVID-19 infection alone. However, those who were most affected by COVID-19 infection with persistent symptoms had the greatest reductions in physical activity, even at ∼8 months and ∼4 years post-infection.

Mobile phone addiction is increasingly prevalent among college students and can lead to various physical, psychological, and social problems. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students and to examine the potential chain mediating effects of social anxiety and loneliness in this relationship.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 268 Chinese college students (62.7% male, mean age = 20.36 years, SD = 1.73) who completed standardized measures including the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, Social Phobia Inventory, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and PROCESS macro for mediation analyses with bootstrapping.

Physical activity had a significant negative effect on mobile phone addiction (β = -0.11, p < 0.05) with a total effect of β = -0.28 (p < 0.001). Social anxiety [β = -0.12, 95% CI (-0.18, -0.06)] and loneliness [β = -0.03, 95% CI (-0.06, -0.01)] independently mediated this relationship, while a significant chain mediation through both variables was also found [β = -0.02, 95% CI (-0.03, -0.01)], with all indirect effects accounting for 59.68% of the total effect.

These findings extend previous research by identifying the psychological mechanisms through which physical activity protects against mobile phone addiction, providing new theoretical insights into the sequential pathway from physical activity to reduced addiction, and practical implications for developing targeted interventions that combine physical activity promotion with strategies to reduce social anxiety and loneliness among college students.

Improving the quality of the most basic health behavior among youth may contribute to short-term body composition management with long-term implications for noncommunicable disease regression. This investigation aimed to assess the impact of primary school physical activity (PA), dietary, or dual approach interventions on pupils' body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI). A systematic review and meta-analysis was completed following a study protocol and a trial registration (PROSPERO: CRD4202347770) with the PRISMA approach. Publications in English or German were included with school-based randomized controlled trials on diet and/or PA. Pupils of primary schools (aged 5-10) with no major nutritional deficiency or unstable health condition were included. The Boolean search strategy revealed a total of 9479 articles, qualifying 39 studies with 20 462 pupils (including 10 211 girls and 10 251 boys) for quantitative synthesis. The interventions were mostly PA (n = 31), several were dietary (n = 6), and some were dual approach (n = 5). Random effects meta-analyses revealed PA intervention (n = 20) to have an effect size of +0.07 kg (95% CI: -0.01 to 0.15) and -0.12 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.23 to -0.01). Low statistical heterogeneity was found for BW (I2 = 0%; P = 1.000) and BMI (I2 = 0%; P = .9688), respectively. The findings indicate a scarcity of top-quality scientific research performed on healthy diet for body weight management in primary schools. PA intervention for elementary school pupils provides support for a healthier body composition profile amidst the current world health crisis.

To explore the natural fluctuations in cardiovascular risk factors over a 16-week extended baseline period and to investigate the effect of a 16-week progressive resistance training intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in people living with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Secondary analysis of a single-arm nonrandomized clinical trial with extended baseline.

Outpatient physiotherapy and rehabilitation clinics.

30 people living with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (mean age, 54 years; 67% female).

16-week progressive resistance training intervention (PRT).

Systematic COronary Risk Estimation (SCORE), Framingham Risk Score, and individual cardiovascular risk factors (ie, anthropometrics, blood pressure, lipids and lipoproteins, and glycemic controls markers) measured at week 0 (baseline), week 16 (extended baseline), and week 32 (post-PRT).

Despite significant improvement in muscle strength after PRT, PRT did not yield statistically significant or clinically relevant changes in any of the cardiovascular risk parameters. Natural fluctuations during the extended baseline period were small, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranging from 0.717 to 0.983, except for systolic blood pressure (ICC: 0.471).

Our findings indicate that a 16-week PRT program did not lead to improvements in cardiovascular risk among individuals with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. The observed natural fluctuations in cardiovascular risk factors were small in this population, with overall baseline cardiovascular risk comparable to Dutch norms.

The mental health of college students has become a key focus in higher education, and physical activity may play a crucial role in promoting positive psychology among college students. This study explores the relationship between physical activity and physical self-efficacy among college students and analyzes the mediating effect of psychological resilience to provide theoretical support for health intervention strategies. This study included a sample of 369 college students aged 18-25 from the Zhuhai Campus of Beijing Normal University. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-S), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale for College Students (PSES-CS) were administered to 369 students (138 males and 231 females) through a questionnaire survey. The data were processed using SPSS 29.0 and AMOS 26.0 software. Significant positive correlations were found between physical activity, psychological resilience, and physical self-efficacy. Regression analysis revealed that physical activity had a significant effect on psychological resilience and physical self-efficacy and explained 8.3% and 14.9% of the variance, respectively. Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between physical activity and physical self-efficacy, accounting for 30.05% of the total effect. Moreover, gender moderated the relationship between physical activity and physical self-efficacy. Physical activity can enhance the physical self-efficacy of college students, with psychological resilience playing a partial mediating role and gender acting as a moderating factor. Emphasizing the cultivation of psychological resilience in educational and personal growth processes is highly important for improving individuals' physical self-efficacy and well-being.

Obesity among children and adolescents is a significant public health concern, influenced by a complex interplay of biological and behavioral factors. However, the extent to which these factors contribute to socioeconomic disparities in obesity remains inadequately understood. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the roles of behavioral factors -such as dietary habits, physical activity levels, and outdoor activities-alongside biological factors, including parental body weight, in shaping socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among Australian children and adolescents.

This study utilized data from the Birth Cohort (n=5101) and Kindergarten Cohort (n=4983) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). LSAC data have been collected biannually since 2004 for the B cohort and since 2000 for the K cohort. The study employed Concentration Index and Decomposition Index analyses to assess the magnitude and to identify the relative contributions of socioeconomic inequalities in obesity, focusing on the contributions of behavioral and biological factors.

The analysis revealed that socioeconomic disparities in obesity among children and adolescents were significantly influenced by both biological and behavioral factors, as well as household income. Biological factors were found to account for 28.96% of these disparities, while household income contributed 49.17%, and behavioral factors explained 10.36% of the inequalities. Moreover, non-consumption of fatty foods and outdoor activities were found to be associated with a decrease in obesity by [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] respectively. However, non-consumption of fruits and vegetables and maternal BMI were significantly correlated with an increased risk of obesity in children ([Formula: see text]) and adolescents ([Formula: see text]) respectively.

These findings provide critical insights into the distribution of obesity across different socioeconomic groups in Australia, highlighting the substantial role of household income and the combined impact of biological and behavioral factors. The results emphasize the importance of developing targeted public health interventions that support families from lower socioeconomic backgrounds to reduce obesity-related disparities.

Limited data exist to guide exercise participation in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. Exercise is traditionally restricted in this population, despite research in adults with HCM demonstrating exercise-associated cardiovascular and psychological benefit. This pilot study seeks to assesses the safety and feasibility of a moderate-intensity exercise program in children with HCM to guide future study design. Eight subjects ages 8-18 with HCM were recruited from the outpatient cardiology clinic at a large tertiary care referral center. All subjects were NYHA Class I (n = 4) or II (n = 4) and median septal wall thickness was 2.3 cm [IQR 1.4, 2.5]. The intervention included a 16-week exercise program, consisting of three 30-min aerobic and two strength sessions per week. A target heart rate zone was established using a baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). A FitBit device was used to titrate activity to this zone during sessions. Self-reported adherence ranged from 1.25 to 96.25%. At baseline, cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed by CPET, and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), assessed using two validated instruments, were reduced compared to peers. All subjects (n = 4) who completed the intervention improved in exercise performance and HRQoL measures. Ambulatory rhythm monitoring did not reveal any intervention-related arrhythmias, and there were no cardiac adverse events. This pilot study shows the promise of a potential benefit of an interventional exercise program in children with HCM. Future work should aim to improve retention, and more fully assess the safety and impact of exercise in pediatric HCM.

Extensive research has been carried out on physical literacy (PL) over the past decades. Nonetheless, no comprehensive bibliometric analysis of relevant publications has been performed. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric review of studies on PL to track research trends and highlight current research hotspots.

The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was selected to retrieve publications from inception to 2024 on PL. Articles and reviews written in English with PL as the main topic were included. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to perform analysis and visualization of scientific productivity and emerging trends.

A total of 710 publications were retrieved. Canada dominated this field with the most publications (188). The institution and author with the largest number of articles were The Chinese University of Hong Kong (46 publications) and Cairney John (35 publications), respectively. BMC Public Health was the most influential journal with 41 articles and 1214 citations. Publications were primarily distributed across journals in sports science, education, public health, and other allied disciplines. Five topics were identified by reference co-citation analysis and keyword analysis: the definition of PL, PL in education, the association of PL, the intervention of PL, and the measurement and assessment of PL. The measurement, assessment and intervention of PL may become the frontiers.

PL research has witnessed growing scholarly interest over the past 18 years. The concept of PL lacks consensus, and the necessity of establishing a unified conceptualization remains contentious. Most existing PL measurement tools lack comprehensiveness in capturing conceptual components, highlighting the need for established instruments aligned with its theoretical foundations. PL interventions vary in design and effectiveness, making it essential to identify effective strategies. Furthermore, multidisciplinary collaboration is imperative. This study could offer strategic guidance for identifying potential collaborators and prioritizing research priorities.

Background: Hypertension, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle are interrelated, forming a vicious cycle that deteriorates cardiovascular health. In addition to being a pathology, hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Interventions that combine weight loss and physical activity (PA) reduce cardiovascular risk, but many people face barriers in adhering to regular PA regimens such as a lack of time or motivation. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) has emerged as an innovative alternative to promote PA. This study explored the perceptions of individuals with hypertension and cardiovascular risk regarding the use of IVR as a tool for PA. Methods: Fifteen hypertensive adults with cardiovascular risk completed twelve IVR exercise sessions over thirty days. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: The thematic analysis identified three main themes: (1) PA, sedentary lifestyle, and health; (2) experiences and perceptions of IVR and PA; and (3) IVR as a useful and safe tool. The participants found IVR engaging, motivating, and effective in overcoming barriers such as a lack of time and social anxiety. Gamification and immersion facilitated greater adherence and enjoyment. Conclusions: The participants of this study perceived IVR as an innovative, engaging, and motivating tool for promoting PA. The participants positively valued IVR's ability to overcome common barriers such as lack of time, adverse weather conditions, and lack of motivation, as well as its immersive and gamified features, which enhanced the adherence to and enjoyment of PA. These results suggest that IVR could complement traditional exercise programs by facilitating the initiation of active routines in sedentary individuals.

The risk of long-term sickness absence due to musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders could be driven by sleep problems and physical inactivity. However, it is not well explored if these associations differ across the lifespan. The aim of this study was to describe the annual risk of long-term sickness absence due to MSK disorders throughout working life, according to insomnia symptoms and physical activity, in people with and without MSK pain.

A total of 38,253 working-age individuals (20-62 years) with information on self-reported chronic MSK pain, physical activity, and insomnia symptoms in the third (2006-08) and/or fourth (2017-19) survey of the Norwegian HUNT Study were included. Annual sickness absence up to 5 years after participation was obtained from national registry data. Annual risk of long-term sickness absence due to MSK disorders were estimated as the proportion receiving medical benefits for ≥ 31 consecutive days each calendar year using a Poisson regression model. The model was fitted via generalized estimating equations to account for dependencies in observations and presented according to categories of chronic MSK pain combined with insomnia symptoms (yes, no) or physical activity level (inactive/low, moderate, high).

The average annual proportion with long-term sickness absence due to MSK disorders increased from 3.7% in women < 30 years to 11.3% in women ≥ 50 years, and from 2.7 to 7.1% among men in the same age groups. Annual risk of long-term sickness absence due to MSK disorders was greater among those reporting chronic MSK pain and who also suffered from insomnia symptoms compared to those without any of these conditions. This was particularly evident in age 30-39 and 40-49 years, where the co-occurrence of chronic MSK pain and insomnia symptoms was associated with a 4-fold increased risk of long-term sickness absence due to MSK disorders in women, and an almost 5-fold increased risk in men. The risk of sickness absence did not differ according to physical activity levels.

The annual risk of long-term sickness absence due to MSK disorders in working-age individuals was related to insomnia symptoms, especially among those aged 40 to 60 years, but not to physical activity.

Aging is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, and chronological age alone may fail to capture one's true biological aging. Degenerative spinal disease (DSD) is associated with accelerated health decline, which could manifest as an increased Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge).

This study aimed to investigate the association between Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge) and degenerative spine disease (DSD) in a Japanese population using a cross-sectional analysis complemented by a follow-up analysis, while also exploring the impact of modifiable lifestyle factors on biological aging.

A cross-sectional design was employed using data from a large health examination program in Japan.

A total of 10,205 individuals who underwent health examinations formed the reference cohort. Separately, 2 distinct clinical cohorts were analyzed: an OA cohort of 306 patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis who underwent arthroplasty, and a DSD cohort of 397 patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) or lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) who also underwent surgery.

PhenoAge was calculated using clinical biomarkers, and the difference between PhenoAge and chronological age was expressed as PhenoAgeAccel. Additional inflammatory and metabolic markers (e.g., CRP, WBC) were evaluated alongside lifestyle factors such as smoking status, body mass index, and physical activity.

Propensity score matching was used to compare PhenoAge between patients and controls. Linear regression examined the influence of lifestyle factors on PhenoAgeAccel. A subgroup analysis assessed differences between ASD and LSS, as well as between hip OA and knee OA. Individuals re-examined in 2023 were followed to evaluate the 3-year change in PhenoAgeAccel.

Japanese participants had a mean PhenoAgeAccel of -8.0±4.0 years (p<.01, Cohen's d=0.8). DSD patients showed a 4.2-year elevation in PhenoAge over controls, accompanied by higher CRP and WBC levels (both p<.01 Cohen's d=0.65). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences in PhenoAge between ASD versus LSS or hip OA versus knee OA. Smoking (β=0.6; p<.01) and obesity (β=1.5; p<.01) raised PhenoAgeAccel, while physical activity lowered it (β=-0.2; p=.03). Nonrisk individuals improved by -0.5 years, whereas risk individuals worsened by +0.5 years over 3 years.

These findings suggest that PhenoAge may serve as a more sensitive marker of biological aging in DSD patients, although the retrospective design and potential confounding variables warrant cautious interpretation.

Traditional VO2max testing methods are often impractical for manual wheelchair users, as they rely on lower-body exercise protocols, require specialized equipment, and trained personnel. The 6-Minute Push Test (6MPT) is a widely used cardiovascular assessment that may provide a feasible alternative for estimating aerobic capacity in this population. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for VO2max using physiological variables recorded during the 6MPT. Twenty-eight participants (14 novice and 14 expert manual wheelchair users) completed the test while wearing a VO2 mask and heart rate monitor. Spearman correlation analysis showed that distance covered during the 6MPT significantly correlated with VO2max (r = 0.685, p < 0.001). A stepwise linear regression identified two predictive models: one using distance alone (R2 = 0.416, p < 0.001) and another incorporating both distance and maximum heart rate (R2 = 0.561, p < 0.001). These models offer practical estimations of VO2max, eliminating separate protocols. Our findings suggest that the 6MPT can serve as a simple, cost-effective alternative to laboratory-based VO2 testing, facilitating routine cardiovascular fitness assessments for manual wheelchair users in clinical and community settings. Future research should focus on validating these models in a larger, more diverse cohort to enhance their generalizability.

Physical activity (PA) is beneficial to the body and effective in promoting mental health and social relationships, which is one of the most important ways to enhance the quality of life. This review investigated the effects of PA in intensity, duration, and exercise modality on young people's mood.

Adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this study conducted a meticulous search across the Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus from May to July 2024, and participants aged between 13 and 28 were specified for inclusion in the study. The search yielded 942 titles and abstracts, and subsequent screening according to the criteria led to the inclusion of 20 studies, with 11 focusing on exercise intensity, four on duration, and five on exercise modality.

Exercise of different intensities and durations had different effects on mood, with moderate intensity having the most significant effect on mood. In terms of duration, exercise lasting 10-30 min was more effective in improving positive mood. In addition, the effects of different modalities of exercise on mood also vary, with current research focusing more on the effects of aerobic exercise on mood.

PA can have a positive impact on mental health that varies by intensity, duration, and modality of exercise; moderate intensity and 30 min of exercise tend to result in the most positive emotions. More research could be conducted in the future in different anaerobic exercises.

Physical inactivity depresses glycemic control, an impairment that can be prevented with exercise. We investigated whether electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) with blood flow restriction (BFR) could similarly prevent the impairments in glycemic control associated with physical inactivity and whether this was effective for attenuating the loss of physical function after inactivity. Thirty-two participants underwent 1 week of step reduction (≤ 3000 steps/day) randomized to either no intervention (Control), twice daily EMS, or twice daily EMS with BFR (EMS + BFR). Oral glucose tolerance and tests of physical function (neuromuscular function, and cardiorespiratory fitness) were assessed before and after step reduction. Blood glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) during the oral glucose tolerance test increased after step reduction (Control: ∆71 ± 133 mM⋅min, EMS: ∆56 ± 65 mM⋅min, EMS + BFR: ∆103 ± 78 mM⋅min, p = 0.0002), as was the insulin iAUC (Control: ∆3580 ± 3245μIU⋅min/mL, EMS: ∆2266 ± 5043μIU⋅min/mL, EMS + BFR: ∆1534 ± 1246μIU⋅min/mL, p = 0.001). A relationship between the change in blood glucose and insulin response was observed after Control (r2 = 0.71, p = 0.002), but not after EMS + BFR (r2 < 0.01, p = 0.93), despite all groups demonstrating a reduction in whole-body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index; Control: ∆-1.4 ± 2.5, EMS: ∆-1.3 ± 1.5, EMS + BFR: ∆-1.5 ± 1.5, p < 0.0001). Maximal oxygen uptake was not reduced after 1 week of inactivity; however, maximal isometric force production and exercise thresholds were reduced across groups. In summary, EMS + BFR did not prevent the decrease in insulin sensitivity nor attenuate measurements of physical function with 1 week of physical inactivity. The relevance of the dissociated insulin and glucose response with EMS + BFR remains to be determined.

Due to the absence of scientific information on food neophobia (i.e., fear or reluctance to try new or unfamiliar foods) among young adults in Saudi Arabia, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of food neophobia in Saudi university students.

This cross-sectional study included 480 students from two public universities of Saudi Arabia. The data was collected via an internet-based structured questionnaire. Participants' sociodemographic, health and behavioral information were included as explanatory variables (15 variables). Participants' food neophobia was assessed using a10-item validated food neophobia scale. A logistic regression model was fitted to find out the predictors of food neophobia.

Approximately half of the participants (49.6%) exhibited food neophobia. Participants who engaged in regular physical exercise had a lower risk of developing food neophobia than their counterparts (AOR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.20-0.92). Participants with food allergies (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 2.73-6.94) and disordered eating attitudes (AOR: 2.52, 95%CI: 1.27-5.02) and who took dietary supplements (AOR: 6.76, 95%CI: 3.54-12.90) were more likely to be food neophobic. Moreover, participants' preferences for fish and sea food (rs = -0.150), milk and dairy products (rs = -0.309,), chocolate and candies (rs = -0.329) and snacks, chips, and nuts (rs = -0.166) were significantly correlated with food neophobia.

A higher level of food neophobia was observed among surveyed university students in Saudi Arabia. Several factors, such as regular physical exercise, food allergies, dietary supplement consumption, and disordered eating attitudes, were found to be associated with food neophobia. To provide empirical evidence on food neophobia, additional research with large and representative samples could be performed in other regions of Saudi Arabia.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of combining omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementation with exercise training, as compared to exercise training alone, on body composition measures including body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, body fat percentage, and lean body mass. Additionally, we determined the effects on cardiometabolic health outcomes including lipid profiles, blood pressure, glycemic markers, and inflammatory markers.

Three primary electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to April 5th, 2023 to identify original articles comparing n-3 PUFA supplementation plus exercise training versus exercise training alone, that investigated at least one of the following outcomes: fat mass, body fat percentage, lean body mass, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, fasting glucose and insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Standardized mean differences (SMD) or weighted mean differences (WMD), and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.

A total of 21 studies involving 673 participants with BMIs ranging from 24 to 37 kg.m2 and ages ranging from 30 to 70 years were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results indicated that as compared with exercise training alone, adding omega-3 supplementation to exercise training decreased fat mass [WMD: -1.05 kg (95 % CI: -1.88 to -0.22), p = 0.01], TG [WMD: -0.10 mmol/L (95 % CI: -0.19 to -0.02)], SBP [WMD: -4.09 mmHg (95 % CI: -7.79 to -2.16), p = 0.03], DBP [WMD: -4.26 mmHg (95 % CI: -6.46 to -2.07), p = 0.001], and TNF-α [SMD: -0.35 (95 % CI: -0.70 to -0.00), p = 0.04], and increased LDL [WMD: 0.14 mmol/L (95 % CI: 0.02 to 0.26), p = 0.01] and lower-body muscular strength [SMD: 0.42 (95 % CI: 0.01 to 0.84), p = 0.04]. However, omega-3 supplementation with exercise training had no additional effects compared with training alone, for other body composition or cardiometabolic outcomes.

This systematic review and meta-analyses suggestes that adding omega-3 supplementation to exercise training may augment some effects of exercise training on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults, although such effects appear to be modest.

Complex lipids, essential components in biological processes, exhibit conserved age-related changes that alter membrane properties and cellular functions and are implicated as biomarkers and contributors to longevity and age-related diseases. While physical activity alleviates age-related comorbidities and physical impairments, comprehensive exploration of the underlying biological mechanisms, particularly at the level of complex lipids, remains limited. However, clinical studies suggest that physical activity may counteract these age-related lipidomic changes, presenting a promising avenue for intervention. We performed lipidomic profiling of plasma from an extensively characterized cohort of young and aged individuals. Annotating 1446 unique lipid species across 24 lipid classes, we found the most prominent difference in older adults was an accumulation of triacylglycerols (TGs), with lower physical activity levels associated with higher TG levels in plasma and reduced physical functionality. Remarkably, lipid species in the TG class did not accumulate uniformly. Rather, our study unveiled a negative correlation between higher physical activity levels and TGs with shorter chain lengths and more double bonds in this demographic. Overall, our research highlights that plasma TG length and saturation level can help mark healthy aging groups in humans. These findings deepen our understanding of how aging affects complex lipids and the influence of physical activity on this process.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children, closely linked to the rise in pediatric obesity. Physical activity (PA) is critical for MASLD management, yet many children fail to meet PA guidelines due to various barriers. This study quantifies PA levels and identifies barriers in Canadian children with MASLD.

This prospective cohort study included 25 pediatric MASLD patients (≤ 18 years) recruited from a tertiary care center between spring and fall 2023. Participants completed the Habitual Activity Estimation Scale (HAES) and a modified PA Barrier Survey. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were collected.

The median age was 13 years, with 64% male participants. While 96% recognized the importance of PA, only 56% met the WHO-recommended 60 min of daily moderate-to-vigorous PA. Barriers included fatigue (84%), discomfort (56%), fear of injury (32%), and ridicule (36%). Participants who met PA guidelines were more likely to feel supported by healthcare providers (79% vs. 45%). Moderate technology use (52% used activity trackers) suggests potential for greater integration to boost engagement.

Children with MASLD face significant barriers to PA despite high awareness of its benefits. Tailored strategies incorporating technology and healthcare support are essential to improving PA adherence. Future research should explore larger cohorts and the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on PA behaviors.

Action planning is a common approach used in physical activity interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the association of frequency, consistency and content of action planning with physical activity behaviour, intention strength and habit strength.

Within a 3-month web-based, computer-tailored physical activity intervention, participants (N = 115; 68.7% female, M age =43.9; range = 22-73 years) could create 6 rounds of action plans for 4 activities each (24 total).

Consistency of action planning during the intervention was associated with change in physical activity at 9-months, and intention and habit strength at 3-months and 9-months. Frequency of action planning was negatively associated with intention at 3-months and 9-months. The effect of action planning consistency on physical activity behaviour was no longer significant when accounting for change in intention and habit strength.

Consistency of how, where, when and with whom people plan their physical activity may translate into stronger physical activity habits. Interventions should avoid encouraging making many distinct action plans, but rather encourage stable contexts through consistent action planning.

Physical inactivity is a major global public health concern and a recognized risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people with T2DM using longitudinal data remains underexplored. We aim to identify the improvement in HRQOL associated with physical activity in Australian middle-aged and older adults using population-based longitudinal data.

Data for this study were drawn from waves 9, 13, 17, and 21 of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. We constructed an unbalanced panel consisting of 2,472 person-year observations from 1,270 unique individuals living with T2DM. We used a random effects Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model to examine the relationship between physical activity and HRQOL in people with T2DM.

The regression results showed that physical activity is positively associated with physical component summary (PCS), mental components summary (MCS), and health state utility value (SF-6D). People with T2DM engaging in physical activity less than once or 1 or 2 times per week had a higher mean score for PCS (β = 4.28, 95% CI: 3.38, 5.17), MCS (β = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.34), and SF-6D utility value (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.05) than their counterparts engaged in no physical activity. Similarly, engaging in physical activity three times daily per week had a further elevated mean score for PCS (β = 6.65, 95% CI : 5.72, 7.60), MCS (β = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.71, 4.79), and SF-6D utility value (β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.08).

Our results showed that physical activity is positively associated with improved HRQOL among people with T2DM. Public health initiatives should prioritize health education and community programs to promote physical activity across all demographics to enhance HRQOL in people living with T2DM.

To examine the separate and combined effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and walking compared with no training on insulin sensitivity and skeletal metabolic capacity in individuals with prediabetes.

Individuals were randomized to: (1) control (no exercise), (2) HIIT (3 × 20 s's cycle sprint 3 times weekly), (3) HIIT + walking (walking >10 000 steps/day), or (4) walking for 12 weeks.

Insulin sensitivity was assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test at baseline and end-of-trial. Additionally, proteins important for mitochondria capacity and insulin sensitivity were measured in the vastus lateralis muscle.

Seventy sedentary individuals with prediabetes (women n = 36; age: 60.8 ± 11.3 years (mean ± SD); body mass index: 31.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose: 6.6 ± 0.8 mmol/L; glycated hemoglobin A1c 5.7 ± 0.4% (39.0 ± 4.3 mmol/mol) were included. Compared with control, peripheral insulin sensitivity (measured by the Cederholm index) was significantly improved with HIIT (estimated treatment difference [ETD]: 18.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.4; 28.3%] and HIIT + walking [ETD: 15.7% (95% CI: 4.4; 25.6%)]), but not with walking alone (ETD: 9.4% [95% CI: -2.5; 19.9%]). Whole-body insulin sensitivity (measured by the Matsuda index) was significantly increased with HIIT + walking (ETD: 28.0% [95% CI: 10.3; 42.3%]) and walking alone (ETD: 42.3% [95% CI: 28.3; 53.5%]), but not with HIIT alone (ETD: 17.0% [95% CI: -4.0; 33.7%]). Protein expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle and glucose uptake were most improved with HIIT + walking, and no significant effects were observed with walking alone.

Twelve weeks of low-volume HIIT training can improve glucose control and induces adaptations in skeletal muscle important for metabolic health in individuals with prediabetes.

In South Korea, around 105,000 individuals experience strokes annually, with over 26,000 deaths and the incidence rate is keep rising due to the aging population. Physical inactivity is a major global health issue, and regular exercise is known to prevent many diseases, including stroke. Yet, previous observational studies may be biased due to unobserved factors influencing exercise and stroke occurrence. Therefore, this study aims to examine an impact of regular physical activity on stroke prevention among South Korean adults using instrumental variable approach in order to avoid problems with reverse causality and other unobserved confounding factors.

Data were obtained from the 2014 and 2016 Korean Community Health Surveys of 416,032 Korean adults. Regular exercise was the main independent variable and proximity to exercise facilities is used as an instrument. The dependent variable, presence of stroke, was defined by a doctor's diagnosis. Probit regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between the independent variable and both dependent variable and an instrument. Causal effect of regular exercise on stroke prevention were estimated with the bivariate probit regressions using proximity to exercise facilities as an instrument for regular exercise.

Consistent with prior knowledge, proximity to exercise facilities positively influenced regular exercise. The results from both multivariable probit and bivariate probit models indicate that engaging in regular exercise has a strong negative effect on the incidence of stroke. The estimated effects of regular physical activity on stroke prevention range from -0.174 percentage points (ATE) to -0.154 percentage points (ATT) in the bivariate probit model.

This study makes an important contribution by providing IV estimates on the effects of conducting regular exercise on stroke prevention based on a representative sample of South Korean adults. My findings suggest that conducting regular exercise reduces the risk of stroke even after accounting for the potential reverse causality and unobserved related factors.