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Babayiğit O, Büyükkalaycı FN, Altun S. The interplay of academic procrastination, self-generated stress, and self-reported bruxism among medical and dental students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:586. [PMID: 39443990 PMCID: PMC11515481 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-02105-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic procrastination (AP), a common behavior among students, is influenced by factors such as fear of failure, task aversiveness, anxiety, and stress. Self-generated stress (SGS) refers to the subjective experience of tension that occurs in response to an existing situation. Individuals often overestimate the difficulty and attainability of a task, resulting in increased stress and extended stress duration. SGS can worsen mental and physical health problems, including bruxism. Therefore, this study investigates the possible underlying connections by examining the relationship between AP, SGS, and self-reported (SR) bruxism in medical and dental students. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was undertaken among a sample of 379 students pursuing medical and dentistry degrees in Turkey. The questionnaire, including the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form, SR bruxism Scale, and SGS Scale, was administered to the students. According to the responses given to the SR bruxism Scale, 3 types of SR bruxism groups were created as sleep, awake, and compound. A comparative analysis was conducted on AP, SGS, and SR bruxism among medical and dental students. Furthermore, the associations among AP, SGS, and SR bruxism were assessed using the utilization of correlation tables and regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of awake bruxism was higher among dental students (46.6%) compared to medical students (34.7%), suggesting a faculty-dependent trend. A significant positive correlation was observed between SGS and AP (r = 0.212, p < 0.001). Median AP values differed significantly based on awake bruxism (p = 0.007) and compound bruxism (p = 0.013), but not sleep bruxism (p = 0.352). SGS exhibited statistically significant differences across all SR bruxism types: sleep (p < 0.001), awake (p < 0.001), and compound (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis identified SGS as a significant risk factor for SR bruxism, with a one-unit increase in stress score elevating the SR bruxism risk by 1.086 times. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that self-generated stress significantly increases the risk for the development of SR bruxism. A significant relationship was found between academic procrastination and self-generated stress, and this relationship was particularly associated with an increased risk for the development of compound and awake bruxism. Stress-reducing therapy methods should be recommended for students to both increase academic success by reducing academic procrastination and prevent the negative effects of stress-related SR bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Babayiğit
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | - Seray Altun
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Ghorbanpour A, Salehi A, Doostfatemeh M, Mowla A. Suicidal ideation amongst medical students in Shiraz, South of Iran: a cross-sectional study. Int Rev Psychiatry 2024; 36:402-412. [PMID: 39470070 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2024.2324422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a preventable act, but irreversible once committed; Hundreds of thousands of people commit suicide annually around the globe. One of the groups at high risk of suicide is medical students. Suicidal ideation (SI) is a forerunner to suicidal attempts which could be assessed. Since there are not enough data about this issue among Iranian medical students, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of SI and risk factors among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) undergraduate medical students. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 in the medical school of SUMS. Students willing to participate were recruited by stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire along with Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were carried out using BlueSky software. The study identified that 76 out of 308 attendees (24.7%, 95% CI: 19.9%-29.5%) reported experiencing suicidal ideation. Very severe depression [AOR= 26.705, 95% CI: (8.825 - 91.046)], Severe depression [AOR= 17.142, 95% CI: (5.567 - 58.121)], positive family history of psychiatric disorders [AOR= 4.181, 95% CI: (1.773 - 10.014)], comorbid mental illness [AOR= 2.502, 95% CI: (1.123 - 5.553)], were found to be statistically related to having SI. This study showed that one out of every four undergraduate medical students at SUMS has SI, which warns everyone to plan and act to prevent the loss of more lives. Depression, family history of psychiatric disorders, and comorbid mental diseases were found to be strongly associated with SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghorbanpour
- MD-MPH Student, Department of MPH, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Salehi
- Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Department of MPH, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Doostfatemeh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Mowla
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rezaei-Gazki P, Ilaghi M, Masoumian N. The triangle of anxiety, perfectionism, and academic procrastination: exploring the correlates in medical and dental students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:181. [PMID: 38395840 PMCID: PMC10893630 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among medical science students. This issue can negatively affect the students' academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate perfectionism and anxiety as potential predictors of academic procrastination in medical and dental students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and dental students of a public medical sciences university in the south of Iran. Students were assessed using the procrastination assessment scale for students (PASS), Tehran multidimensional perfectionism scale (TMPS), and anxiety subscale of the general health questionnaire (GHQ). Predictors of academic procrastination were evaluated using multiple regression analysis with adjustments made for gender and academic semester. RESULTS A total of 176 medical and 79 dental students participated in the study. None of the perfectionism components were predictors of academic procrastination. However, anxiety was a significant predictor of academic procrastination in the total sample of students (standardized β = 0.404, p < 0.001), as well as dental (standardized β = 0.356, p < 0.001) and medical (standardized β = 0.478, p < 0.001) students. Anxiety and academic procrastination were both negatively correlated with students' grade point averages. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that anxiety, as opposed to perfectionism, has a more significant influence on academic procrastination among medical and dental students. Interventions aimed at lowering anxiety may be beneficial for reducing academic procrastination, thereby enhancing the academic performance of the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Rezaei-Gazki
- Department of Medical Education, Education Development Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mehran Ilaghi
- Department of Medical Education, Education Development Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nahid Masoumian
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Novin MH, Shokri S, Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi F, Pourramzani A. Frequency of Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Substance Use in Relation to General Health Indicators in Guilan University of Medical Sciences. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:266-274. [PMID: 38322482 PMCID: PMC10843355 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background The risk of substance use is increasing among university students, especially medical students. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use and its relationship with general health indicators among the students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) in 2020. The differences in the frequency of substance use were also investigated from 2005. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 406 students of GUMS, Iran, in 2020. The data were collected through three online questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data were entered into SPSS software version 22 and analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's Exact tests, and logistic regression at a significance level of 0.05. Findings In this study, 53.9% of the participants were female, 46.1% were male, and 54.4% of them experienced using substances in their lifetime. The highest prevalence of use was in consumers of tobacco (46.8%), alcoholic beverages (34.7%), and cannabinoid compounds (19%). Besides, 48.5% of the participants were suspected of having some degree of psychiatric disorders, among which depression (11.6%) and anxiety (8.4%) were the most common. Moreover, substance use during students' lifetime had a statistically significant association with anxiety, depression, and mental health. Conclusion The results of this study showed the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use among the students of GUMS is worrying. The relationship between consumption and consumer's health indicators highlights the necessity of intervention and purposeful planning by policymakers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Pourramzani
- Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Sokratous S, Alexandrou G, Zavrou R, Karanikola M. Mental health status and stressful life events among postgraduate nursing students in Cyprus: a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:294. [PMID: 37644498 PMCID: PMC10466854 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite prior evidence supporting the association between stressful life events and mental health status, there are limited data on the number and severity of stressful life events and their effects on university students' mental health status. Therefore, the present study aimed to: (a) examine mental health status and subsequent predictors of clinically significant mental distress symptoms, (b) estimate the number and severity of stressful life events, and (c) explore the associations between mental health status, stressful life events (number and severity) and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS This study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational with internal comparisons. A convenience sample of 90 Master of Science in nursing and midwifery students, participated in the study. Participants with a General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) total score ≥ 24 were considered to have clinically significant mental distress symptoms. Descriptive and inferential statistics were evaluated, and Pearson's chi-square test for group differences was used to analyse the data. Analysis of variance and t-tests were used for comparisons between two or more groups, and regression analyses were employed to identify the predictors of GHQ-28 scores and clinical mental distress symptoms. RESULTS The final sample comprised 90 students (response rate: 97.8%), 33 (36.7%) of whom reported clinically significant symptoms of mental distress. Students with divorced parents [29.92 (± 10.62), p < .05] scored high on the GHQ-28. Participants who had low/no satisfaction with the education system posted higher scores than participants who had high/very high satisfaction [24.82 (± 11.68) vs. 17.93 (± 9.78), p < .05]. In the subscale measuring depressive symptoms, there was a statistically significant gender difference, with men reporting higher scores than females. [3.0± (3.69) vs. 1.60 (± 2.42), p = .034]. In multiple analyses of sociodemographic characteristics and those who scored higher on the Life Events Scale for Students (LESS) scale (≥ 340), the loss of parent/s was associated with the total GHQ-28 score (B=-17.046, p < .001). In multiple analyses, chronic physical disorders or disabilities and numerous stressful life events among students (≥ 8 events) were correlated with higher overall GHQ-28 scores (B = 15.232, p < .005). CONCLUSION The high frequency of clinical symptoms of mental distress among postgraduate university nursing students and their correlation with stressful life events highlights the need for university counselling services to provide psychological support strategies to students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis Sokratous
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | | | | | - Maria Karanikola
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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Ashrafi A, Kadhum M, Molodynski A, Bhugra D. Mental health and wellbeing among Iranian medical students: a descriptive study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1248-1252. [PMID: 34553630 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211047880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological wellbeing and stresses on medical students are currently under a global spotlight. Under a wider initiative supported by the British Medical Association (BMA), international surveys have been conducted to understand and begin to tackle these issues. METHOD This study aimed at describing the mental wellbeing and levels of burnout of Iranian medical students. A total of 179 medical students from 19 different cities participated voluntarily in the survey by answering an online questionnaire between April and August 2020. We detected a trend toward higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders (namely depressive disorders) and substance misuse when compared to previous national studies. RESULTS About 6% of students screened positive for alcohol problems with the CAGE questionnaire. About 77% of medical students screened positive for mental health problems with the GHQ12 questionnaire. Very high rates of burnout were also reported. These findings emphasize the urgent need to define methods to screen at risk medical students and implement local and national initiatives to curtain their potential detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agaah Ashrafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Murtaza Kadhum
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford, UK
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Yousefi Afrashteh M, Rezaei S. The mediating role of motivated strategies in the relationship between formative classroom assessment and academic well-being in medical students: a path analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:38. [PMID: 35031044 PMCID: PMC8759764 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The support of students' academic well-being is one of the main agendas of medical education. For medical students, well-being can help prevent burnout and provides students with grounds for their future healthcare setting. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of motivated strategies for learning in the relationship between formative assessment and academic well-being. METHOD The present cross-sectional study was performed on 391 undergraduate students of medical sciences selected by a convenient sampling method. The measuring instruments used in this study included motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (Pintrich and De Groot), classroom assessment approaches questionnaire (Yousefi Afrashteh et al.) and Academic well-being Questionnaire (Pietarinen et al.). In order to analyze the data, SPSS-26 software was used for descriptive statistics and correlation matrix, and LISREL-10.20 software was used to do path analysis and determine the relationships between variables within the model. RESULTS Findings showed that formative assessment is a significant resource in shaping subscale of motivated strategies for learning (self-efficacy, intrinsic value, test anxiety, cognitive strategies and self-regulation). Moreover, the results demonstrated that the self-regulated learning strategies is a crucial determinant of academic well-being and is a mediator between formative assessment and academic well-being. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the important value and necessity of formative assessment in medical science classes which can indirectly lead to improve students' academic well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamsi Rezaei
- Department of Psychology Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Garg S, Lamba S, Rawal M, Singh S, Kumar L, Bansal K. Comparison of prevalence of psychological morbidities, associated factors, and coping styles between pre/para-clinical and clinical undergraduate medical students: A rural institution-based cross-sectional study in a northern state of india. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF BABYLON 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_105_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Auttama N, Seangpraw K, Ong-Artborirak P, Tonchoy P. Factors Associated with Self-Esteem, Resilience, Mental Health, and Psychological Self-Care Among University Students in Northern Thailand. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1213-1221. [PMID: 34079280 PMCID: PMC8166326 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s308076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The severity of mental health issues among university students in rural areas can affect the outcomes of their studies. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with self-esteem, resilience, mental health, and psychological self-care among university students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 729 undergraduate students by a self-administered questionnaire. Using convenience sampling, the participants were chosen from four majoring in Public Health at University of Phayao in Northern Thailand. Results Approximately 82% of university students had mental health problem. Backward logistic regression analysis showed that 1) a good relationship with family had a significantly positive effect on self-esteem (p-value <0.05); 2) a good relationship with friends was significantly associated with high resilience (p-value <0.05); 3) having a disease/s and a relationship with family had a significant effect on mental health problem (p-value <0.05); 4) being female, perceived normal weight, and a good relationship with family were significantly related to high psychological self-care (p-value <0.05). Conclusion Gender, incurrent disease, perceived weight status, relationship with friends and family were associated with self-esteem, resilience, mental health, and psychological self-care among university students. Our findings can be incorporated in a support policy and integrated into the public health curriculum. University administrators and faculty have an opportunity to formulate an intervention program and provide services that could mitigate mental health problems and improve the well-being of students at their university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisarat Auttama
- School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | | | | | - Prakasit Tonchoy
- School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
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Safaie N, Ketabi S, Kia N, Mirmohammadkhani M, Moonesan MR, Paknazar F. Exploration of mental health problems in association with health-promoting lifestyle profile in Iranian medical students: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:84. [PMID: 32509892 PMCID: PMC7271919 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_582_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to explore the relationship between mental health problems (MHPs) and health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) in the medical students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on medical students in 2017 at Semnan University of Medical Sciences applying a stratified random sampling. The Symptom Checklist-25 and the HPL profile scales were used. Logistic regression models were used to analysis. RESULTS Of the participants, 84 were male and 148 were female. The mean age was 22.69 years (±2.42). Most students (95.3%) were single and 40.1% were in the preclinical stage. The mean MHP score was 44.14 (±13.99), and 3% were in the severe category. The mean HPL score was 104.88 (±16.84); 95.7% and 4.3% of them had average and satisfactory lifestyles, respectively. The MHP score of the female (P < 0.001), younger (P < 0.001), single (P = 0.045), preclinical (P < 0.001), and who were away from home (P = 0.009) were significantly higher. The HPL score of female (P < 0.001), older (P = 0.041), and married students (P = 0.028) were significantly higher. The female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 4.45, P < 0.001) and studying in the clinical level (OR = 0.30, P < 0.001) were the most important associated factors with MHP. Adjusting for them, there was a significant relationship between an increase in the HPL score and a decrease in the likelihood of MHP (OR = 0.96, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The mental health of medical students was shown to be in association with lifestyle independent of other important determinants, including gender and academic level. It seems that modifying the lifestyle to a healthier way can improve students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Safaie
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sara Ketabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Naimossadat Kia
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Mirmohammadkhani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Paknazar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Tayefi B, Eftekhar M, Tayefi M, Darroudi S, Khalili N, Mottaghi A, Shanjani ZH, Nojomi M. Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Mental Health Problems Among Iranian Health Sciences Students. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2020; 44:73-77. [PMID: 31625073 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-019-01121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the present study was to compare the mental health status of Iranian medical vs other health sciences students and to examine how demographic factors relate to their mental health problems. METHODS A total of 560 medical and other health sciences students (250 (44.6%) males and 310 (55.4%) females) were recruited from Iran University of Medical Sciences. Data were obtained by self-administered questionnaire, including questions on socio-demographic characteristics. The Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, General Health Questionnaire, and WHO well-being index were used to assess mental health status of students. RESULTS Ten percent of students had BDI scores consistent with clinically significant depression (6.6% mild, 1.8% moderate, 1.6% severe), and 28.7% had BAI scores consistent with clinically significant anxiety (20.7% mild, 7.1% moderate, 0.9% severe). Kurdish students had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.71 (95% CL, 1.22-6.02) for mild to severe depression symptoms when compared to Persian students. The prevalence of distressed health sciences students and poor psychological well-being was 13.4% and 14.1%, respectively. Maternal education gave an OR of 0.57 (0.35-0.93) for anxiety symptoms, after adjustment for all other factors. The possibility of general psychiatric morbidity was significantly lower in students who studied medicine (OR, 0.40 (0.21-0.71)). Being born in the capital city was associated with better psychological well-being (OR, 0.48 (0.26-0.86)). CONCLUSIONS Ethnicity, birthplace, discipline, and maternal educational level were major determinants of mental health status among health sciences students. Further research should be undertaken to determine the prevalence of psychological disorders using more reliable diagnostic interview.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam Tayefi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Marzieh Nojomi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
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Gold JA, Hu X, Huang G, Li WZ, Wu YF, Gao S, Liu ZN, Trockel M, Li WZ, Wu YF, Gao S, Liu ZN, Rohrbaugh RM, Wilkins KM. Medical student depression and its correlates across three international medical schools. World J Psychiatry 2019; 9:65-77. [PMID: 31799151 PMCID: PMC6885454 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v9.i4.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students have high rates of depression, anxiety, and burnout that have been found to affect their empathy, professional behaviors, and performance as a physician. While studies have examined predictors for burnout and depression in the United States (US), no study, to our knowledge, has compared depression in medical students cross-culturally, or has attempted to examine the effect of factors influencing rates including burnout, exercise, stress, unmet mental health needs, and region.
AIM To examine rates of depression in three international cohorts of medical students, and determine variables that may explain these differences.
METHODS Convenience samples of medical students from three countries (US, China, and a Middle Eastern country whose name remains anonymous per request from the school) were surveyed in this observational study. Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory, depression and burnout were examined among medical students from the three cohorts (n = 473). Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to examine differences in demographics, behavioral, and psychological variables across these three schools to identify potentially confounding descriptive characteristics. Analysis of covariance compared depression and the emotional exhaustion component of burnout identified through Principal Component Analysis across countries. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the impact of demographic, behavioral, and psychological variables on screening positive for depression.
RESULTS Medical students from the Middle Eastern country had the highest rates of positive depression screens (41.1%), defined as a PHQ-2 score of ≥ 3, followed by China (14.1 %), and then the US (3.8%). More students in the Middle Eastern school had unmet mental health needs (50.8%) than at the medical school in China (34.8%) or the school in the US (32.8%) (Pearson chi-square significance < 0.05). Thus, PHQ-2 scores were adjusted for unmet mental health needs; however, the Middle Eastern country continued to have the highest depression. Adjusting for PHQ-2 score, medical students from the US scored the highest on emotional exhaustion (a measure of burnout). Demographic variables did not significantly predict medical student depression; however, lack of exercise, unmet mental health needs, stress, and emotional exhaustion predicted nearly half of depression in these cohorts. In comparison to the US, coming from the Middle Eastern country and China predicted higher levels of depression.
CONCLUSION Depression rates differ in three international cohorts of medical students. Measured factors contributed to some observed differences. Identifying site-specific prevention and intervention strategies in medical student mental health is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Xinran Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Gan Huang
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wan-Zhen Li
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhe-Ning Liu
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mickey Trockel
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert M Rohrbaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Kirsten M Wilkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
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Rezaei F, Karimi K, Omidpanah N. Mental Well-being of the First and Final-Year Medical and Dental Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim:Medical and dental students are predisposed to developing psychiatric disorders owing to heavy physical, intellectual, and emotional activities. This study was conducted to evaluate the mental health status of medical and dental students.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on the first- and final-year medical and dental students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The mental health status was measured by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) involving somatic, social, anxiety, and depression domains. Scores > 6 (out of 28) and > 2 (out of 7) were considered to show psychiatric disorder for each domain, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests (P< 0.05).Results:The participants consisted of 246 students (39.4% first- and 37.8% last-year medical students; 8.1% first- and 14.6% last-year dental students) aged 18-37 years (22.6 ± 3.3). Psychiatric disorder, somatic symptoms, social dysfunction, anxiety, and depression were experienced by 44.7, 42.7, 46.3, 49.6, and 28.5% of the students, respectively. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was comparable between the first- and final-year medical students (40.2% and 48.4%, respectively;P= 0.258). The final-year dental students significantly underwent more psychiatric disorder than the first-year dental students (61.1% and 20%, respectively;P= 0.003). There were no significant differences between the medical and dental students in the first (P= 0.089) and final (P= 0.196) years. There was also no significant association between the occurrence of psychiatric disorder and gender and age group (P> 0.05).Conclusion:Psychiatric disorder was common among dental and medical students. Hence, preventive and control measures are suggested to improve their mental health.
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Ben Ayed H, Yaich S, Ben Jemaa M, Ben Hmida M, Trigui M, Jedidi J, Karray R, Mejdoub Y, Feki H, Kassis M, Damak J. Lifestyle behaviors and mental health in medical students. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-07-2018-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in medical students’ mental health. The purpose of this paper is to determine factors associated with psychological distress in medical students and to assess the correlation between major lifestyle behaviours and mental health.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 530 medical students randomized from a faculty of medicine in 2017. The authors used the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire (SLIQ) to assess mental health and lifestyle, respectively.
Findings
The mean value of GHQ-12 and SLIQ were 4.1±2.8 and 6.2±1.4, respectively. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that SLIQ was significantly correlated to GHQ-12 (r=−0.26; p<0.001). The prevalence of psychological distress (GHQ-12=4) was 50.1%. The authors found that low/middle financial situation of the family (OR=1.5; CI 95%=[1.1–2.3]), internship level, (OR=1.8; CI 95%=[1.1–3.3]), medium/poor perceived academic performance (OR=2.2; CI 95%=[1.5–3.2]) and medium/poor perceived health status (OR=2.3; CI 95%=[1.5–3.6]) were significantly associated with psychological distress. Multivariate analysis performing logistic regression showed that average and unhealthy lifestyle were independently associated with psychological distress, with an adjusted OR of 3.7 (CI 95%=[1.7–7.7]) and 5.8 (CI 95%=[2.4–14.8]), respectively.
Originality/value
The study highlighted the magnitude and the risk factors of psychological distress in medical students. Unhealthy lifestyle was a potential predictive of mental disorders. These findings provide fundamental information for future researches.
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Adhikari A, Dutta A, Sapkota S, Chapagain A, Aryal A, Pradhan A. Prevalence of poor mental health among medical students in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 17:232. [PMID: 29183315 PMCID: PMC5704530 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-1083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor mental health among medical students is widely acknowledged. Studies on mental health among medical students of Nepal are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence of mental disorders. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal from December 2016 to February 2017. Our survey instrument consisted of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and questions about socio-demographic factors, smoking, marijuana use, suicidal ideation and thoughts of dropping out of medical school. RESULTS The prevalence rates were 29.2% (95% CI, 24.4% - 34.3%) depression, 22.4% (95% CI, 18.0% - 26.9%) medium to highly severe somatic symptoms, 4.1% (95% CI, 2.0% - 6.2%) panic syndrome, 5.8% (95% CI, 3.4% - 8.3%) other anxiety syndrome, 5% (95% CI, 2.7% - 7.3%) binge eating disorder and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.0% - 2.3%) bulimia nervosa. Sixteen students [4.7% (95% CI, 2.4% - 6.9%)] seriously considered committing suicide while in medical school. Thirty-four students [9.9% (95% CI, 6.8% - 13.1%)] considered dropping out of medical school within the past month. About 15% (95% CI, 11.1% - 18.6%) of the students reported use of marijuana during medical school. CONCLUSIONS We found high prevalence of poor mental health among medical students of Nepal. Future studies are required to identify the factors associated with poor mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjab Adhikari
- KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Aman Dutta
- KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | | | - Anurag Aryal
- Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Amita Pradhan
- KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, Segal JB, Peluso MJ, Guille C, Sen S, Mata DA. Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2016; 316:2214-2236. [PMID: 27923088 PMCID: PMC5613659 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.17324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1313] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Medical students are at high risk for depression and suicidal ideation. However, the prevalence estimates of these disorders vary between studies. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in medical students. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Systematic search of EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, psycARTICLES, and psycINFO without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation in medical students published before September 17, 2016. Studies that were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Information on study characteristics; prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation; and whether students who screened positive for depression sought treatment was extracted independently by 3 investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Point or period prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation as assessed by validated questionnaire or structured interview. RESULTS Depression or depressive symptom prevalence data were extracted from 167 cross-sectional studies (n = 116 628) and 16 longitudinal studies (n = 5728) from 43 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 27.2% (37 933/122 356 individuals; 95% CI, 24.7% to 29.9%, I2 = 98.9%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 9.3% to 55.9%. Depressive symptom prevalence remained relatively constant over the period studied (baseline survey year range of 1982-2015; slope, 0.2% increase per year [95% CI, -0.2% to 0.7%]). In the 9 longitudinal studies that assessed depressive symptoms before and during medical school (n = 2432), the median absolute increase in symptoms was 13.5% (range, 0.6% to 35.3%). Prevalence estimates did not significantly differ between studies of only preclinical students and studies of only clinical students (23.7% [95% CI, 19.5% to 28.5%] vs 22.4% [95% CI, 17.6% to 28.2%]; P = .72). The percentage of medical students screening positive for depression who sought psychiatric treatment was 15.7% (110/954 individuals; 95% CI, 10.2% to 23.4%, I2 = 70.1%). Suicidal ideation prevalence data were extracted from 24 cross-sectional studies (n = 21 002) from 15 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of suicidal ideation was 11.1% (2043/21 002 individuals; 95% CI, 9.0% to 13.7%, I2 = 95.8%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 7.4% to 24.2%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this systematic review, the summary estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among medical students was 27.2% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.1%. Further research is needed to identify strategies for preventing and treating these disorders in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Rotenstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco A Ramos
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew Torre
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael J Peluso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Constance Guille
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Srijan Sen
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor8Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Douglas A Mata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts9Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts10Brigham Education Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, Segal JB, Peluso MJ, Guille C, Sen S, Mata DA. Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2016. [PMID: 27923088 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.17324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Importance Medical students are at high risk for depression and suicidal ideation. However, the prevalence estimates of these disorders vary between studies. Objective To estimate the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in medical students. Data Sources and Study Selection Systematic search of EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, psycARTICLES, and psycINFO without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation in medical students published before September 17, 2016. Studies that were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Information on study characteristics; prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation; and whether students who screened positive for depression sought treatment was extracted independently by 3 investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. Main Outcomes and Measures Point or period prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation as assessed by validated questionnaire or structured interview. Results Depression or depressive symptom prevalence data were extracted from 167 cross-sectional studies (n = 116 628) and 16 longitudinal studies (n = 5728) from 43 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 27.2% (37 933/122 356 individuals; 95% CI, 24.7% to 29.9%, I2 = 98.9%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 9.3% to 55.9%. Depressive symptom prevalence remained relatively constant over the period studied (baseline survey year range of 1982-2015; slope, 0.2% increase per year [95% CI, -0.2% to 0.7%]). In the 9 longitudinal studies that assessed depressive symptoms before and during medical school (n = 2432), the median absolute increase in symptoms was 13.5% (range, 0.6% to 35.3%). Prevalence estimates did not significantly differ between studies of only preclinical students and studies of only clinical students (23.7% [95% CI, 19.5% to 28.5%] vs 22.4% [95% CI, 17.6% to 28.2%]; P = .72). The percentage of medical students screening positive for depression who sought psychiatric treatment was 15.7% (110/954 individuals; 95% CI, 10.2% to 23.4%, I2 = 70.1%). Suicidal ideation prevalence data were extracted from 24 cross-sectional studies (n = 21 002) from 15 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of suicidal ideation was 11.1% (2043/21 002 individuals; 95% CI, 9.0% to 13.7%, I2 = 95.8%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 7.4% to 24.2%. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review, the summary estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among medical students was 27.2% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.1%. Further research is needed to identify strategies for preventing and treating these disorders in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Rotenstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco A Ramos
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew Torre
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael J Peluso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Constance Guille
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Srijan Sen
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor8Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Douglas A Mata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts9Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts10Brigham Education Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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