This study aimed to explore the psychological challenges faced by women living with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their subjective experiences. Using a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based design, we first conducted a comparative analysis of responses from 54 PCOS patients and 54 age-matched healthy participants. The analysis revealed a significant difference in satisfaction with life (SWL) between the two groups (F = 9.426, p < .005), while no significant differences were found in levels of anxiety and depression. Additionally, depression was found to have a significant impact on SWL (F = 55.309, p < .001). To further investigate the subjective well-being of PCOS patients, a larger group of 389 PCOS patients (age: M = 32.18 years, SD = 8.34) completed the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ) (QoL Scale). A ranking of their concerns revealed that obesity-related issues were the most significant, while concerns about developing cancer were ranked last. The PCOSQ scores showed a strong negative correlation with the BDI (r = -0.754, p < .001), highlighting the profound impact of PCOS symptoms on depression. These findings underscore the importance of prevention, screening and treatment for depression in PCOS patients, as well as the importance of educating patients to improve their risk perception and disease management strategies.

The October 7, 2023, attack engendered extensive mental pain and can be considered a mass trauma that affected most Israeli citizens. This study investigates the long-term psychological impact of probable posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder (PTSD-MDD) one month after October 7th, on anxiety, depression, PTSD, and complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms as well as on suicidal ideation, and life satisfaction one-year post-attack among Israeli civilians.

Using a nationally representative cohort of 600 participants (302 women, 50.3 %) aged 18-85 (Mage = 41.02, SD = 13.79), data were collected two months pre-attack (T1), one-month post-attack (T2), and one-year post-attack (T3). Using validated self-report measures, probable diagnostic groups at T2 (no diagnosis, PTSD alone, depression alone, and probable PTSD-MDD comorbidity) were examined as predictors of mental health outcomes at T3, including anxiety, depression, PTSS, CPTSD, suicidal ideation, and life satisfaction. Baseline symptom levels (T1) as well as demographics and trauma-related variables were controlled during the analyses.

Probable PTSD-MDD at T2 significantly predicted severe psychological outcomes at T3, including anxiety, depression, PTSS, and suicidal ideation. Life satisfaction was lowest among probable PTSD-MDD participants and highest in those without diagnoses. Notably, probable PTSD-MDD demonstrated greater stability over time compared to single diagnoses, underscoring their persistence. Changes in probable diagnostic categories between T2 and T3 highlighted the dynamic yet challenging recovery trajectories particularly for comorbid conditions.

The findings underscore the amplifying effect of probable PTSD-MDD comorbidity on psychological distress and reduced life satisfaction. These results underscore the need for integrative, trauma-informed interventions targeting comorbid populations to optimize recovery pathways.

Cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma (CCIT) a represents an endemic phenomenon with lasting and harmful effects. However, male victimization remains overlooked and even taboo. Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor in understanding the long-term impact of CCIT on well-being.

This study aimed to examine the role of C-PTSD and its specific dimensions of symptoms in the relationship between CCIT and life satisfaction in a clinical sample of men seeking mental health services.

Data were collected from 399 men who sought help from a community organization due to psychological distress.

Upon admission, participants completed validated measures assessing CCIT, C-PTSD, and life satisfaction. A path analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of the different dimensions of C-PTSD in the link between CCIT and life satisfaction.

According to the thresholds of the questionnaires, 34.1 % of participants met the criteria for PTSD, 23.8 % met the diagnostic criteria for C-PTSD, and 52.4 % reported being dissatisfied with their lives. Path analysis results indicated that two dimensions of C-PTSD significantly mediated the relationship between CCIT and life satisfaction: negative self-concept (β = -0.110, p = .000; 95 % CI [-0.070, -0.160]) and interpersonal disturbances (β = -0.075, p = .001; 95 % CI [-0.036, -0.123]). The model explained 33.5 % of the variance in life satisfaction.

The findings highlight the central role of C-PTSD symptoms, particularly in identity and relational aspects, as key mechanisms related to adaptation. These results support the implementation of trauma-sensitive practices that address survivors' identity and relational disturbances to better meet the needs of male survivors.

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is frequently used to assess emotion regulation (ER) capabilities. Originally a multidimensional scale, many utilize its total score, without clear recommendations. We aimed to explore the DERS's structure, dimensionality, and utility and provide clinicians and researchers with clear guidelines. Self-report data on ER, personality, psychopathology, and life satisfaction were collected from 502 adults. Seventy also participated in a lab study evaluating group interactions, which included additional self-report and physiological monitoring. Findings suggested favoring the correlated-traits and bifactor models, the latter excelling in direct comparisons. The total score was found reliable and valid, explaining 53.3% of the variance, with a distinct emotional awareness subfactor, suggesting a non-pure unidimensional solution. A cutoff score of 95 identified significant ER difficulties, linked to psychopathology. We thus recommend using the DERS's total score and 95 as its cutoff, while calling for further validation in diverse and clinical samples.

The ability to consider the long-term implications of emotional events is integral to mental health and adaptive psychological functioning. However, it remains unclear whether flexibly synchronizing emotion regulation strategies to the long-term implications of emotional events is associated with adaptive outcomes.

This ecological momentary assessment study examined how emotion regulation flexibility concerning contextual long-term implications is linked to daily emotional experiences and mental health outcomes. Ninety-eight participants provided 1705 real-time assessments of their perceived long-term implications of ongoing emotional events and reported their use of cognitive change (i.e., reappraisal, benefit-finding, perspective-taking) and attentional deployment strategies (i.e., distraction, refocusing, cognitive avoidance). The adaptiveness of adjusting these strategies based on contextual long-term implications was examined using momentary emotional experiences and measures of psychopathology and well-being as outcomes.

Consistent with models of emotion regulation flexibility, participants who aligned their use of cognitive change and attentional deployment strategies with the perceived long-term significance of events reported more positive daily emotional experiences and lower levels of psychopathology.

Future work should use experimental and longitudinal designs to establish causal pathways.

These findings underscore the importance of accounting for situational long-term implications when evaluating the adaptiveness of regulatory strategies, thereby adding to the growing body of evidence supporting the contextual nature of emotion regulation.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has emerged as a promising intervention for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This study evaluated MBCT's effectiveness for GAD and examined whether childhood maltreatment moderates its impact.

Individuals with GAD were randomized to receive one of two 8-week interventions, either MBCT in-person or psychoeducation on-line (n = 27 per group). At baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention, both groups were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Penn State Worry Questionnaire as well as several secondary questionnaires. Changes in the severity of anxiety and worry over time, as determined using linear mixed modeling, were compared between the two groups as a whole and among subgroups stratified according to type of maltreatment in childhood.

Among all participants, severity of worry decreased significantly more in the MBCT group than in the psychoeducation group, whereas severity of anxiety decreased to a similar extent in the two groups. Among individuals who had experienced emotional abuse in childhood, MBCT reduced the severity of anxiety significantly more than psychoeducation. In fact, MBCT was significantly more effective against anxiety in individuals who had experienced emotional abuse than in those who had not.

MBCT might be effective in alleviating worry symptoms in GAD, while its effectiveness against anxiety symptoms appears to be influenced by the history of maltreatment, particularly emotional abuse.

ChiCTR2400087188 (Chictr.org).

In general (i.e. in heteronormative and cisgendered samples), authenticity appears protective against threats to well-being. Authenticity may also, in part, protect well-being against the minority stressors experienced by sexually minoritized (LGB; lesbian, gay, and bisexual) individuals. In this scoping review, we examined the relation between authenticity and well-being in LGB samples experiencing minority stress. We hypothesized that (i) LGB minority stress relates to decreased authenticity (i.e. inauthenticity), (ii) authenticity relates to increased well-being, and (iii) authenticity influences the relation between LGB minority stress and well-being. We identified 17 studies (N = 4,653) from systematic searches across Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Scopus using terms related to sexual identity, minority stress, authenticity, and well-being. In almost all studies, proximal (but not distal) stress was associated with inauthenticity, and inauthenticity with decreased well-being. In all but one study, the association between proximal stress and well-being was associated with inauthenticity. Although these results are consistent with our hypotheses, the included studies were limited in scope and heterogenous in their methods, instruments, and samples, restricting conclusions regarding mediation or moderation. The results require replication, well-powered direct comparisons between LGB and non-LGB samples, and consideration of the varied ways authenticity can be conceptualized and measured.

The aim of this study was to examine the simultaneous effects of pre-loss grief, preparedness for death and preparedness for caregiving on different psychological health outcomes in relatives of people with cancer. Two hundred ninety-nine relatives of people with cancer participated in a cross-sectional online survey. Participants were included if they spoke German and were 18 years or older. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted. Pre-loss grief was significantly associated with depression (β = .388, p < .001), anxiety (β = .429, p < .001), somatization (β = .221, p < .001) and satisfaction with life (β = -.205, p < .001). Preparedness for death was significantly associated with somatization (β = -.247, p < .001). Results suggest that people with high scores in pre-loss grief and low scores in preparedness for death are in need of early support. Interventions should address pre-loss grief and the various aspects of preparedness for death and take into account the psychological health in relatives of people with cancer. Future studies should investigate underlying mechanisms.

The aim of this review was to identify the type, content, and effectiveness of psychological parenting interventions for parents of children with intellectual disabilities to enhance child behavior and/or parental well-being. A systematic search yielded 21 studies involving 1825 participants. Studies were evaluated according to intervention content, pre- and post-treatment and follow-up effect sizes, and risk of bias. We categorized the interventions into those targeting 'Child or interaction' (child behavior, interaction and learning, understanding disability), and those targeting 'Parent' (parental well-being) or both themes. All these interventions had positive effects on parental well-being or child behavior. Parental outcomes were improved by interventions targeting 'Parental well-being', as well as 'Child or interaction'. Child behavior showed improvements in programs focusing on 'Child or interaction', and in a mindfulness-based parental well-being program. During follow-up, most effects were sustained or further increased, but some studies showed no improvements over the control group.

Pet ownership has often been lauded as a protective factor for well-being, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. We expanded this question to consider how pet (i.e., species, number) and owner (i.e., pet relationship quality, personality, attachment orientations) characteristics affected the association between pet ownership and well-being in a pre-registered mixed method analysis of 767 people assessed three times in May 2020. In our qualitative analyses, pet owners listed both benefits and costs of pet ownership during the COVID-19 pandemic. In our quantitative analyses, we found that pet ownership was not reliably associated with well-being. Furthermore, this association largely did not depend on the number of pets owned, the species of pet(s) owned, the quality of the human-pet relationship, or the owner's psychological characteristics. Our findings are consistent with a large body of research showing null associations of pet ownership on well-being (quantitatively) but positive reports of pet ownership (qualitatively).

This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability and outcomes of the Positive Ageing Digital Storytelling Intergenerational Program (PADSIP) for older adults by examining program feasibility, satisfaction and changes in loneliness; feelings of being understood; self-views and attitudes towards ageing.

A mixed-method, single-arm design was used. Thirty-seven older adults (M = 78.25, SD = 8.88) completed questionnaires at baseline and postprogram. Thirty-one of whom also participated in a follow-up semi-structured interview or focus group.

The program demonstrated high feasibility, with each person attending an average of 94% of sessions. All participants completed the program. Acceptability was strong, with participants highly recommending the program. Identity validation significantly improved postprogram; mood, loneliness and life satisfaction also trended towards improvement. Participants valued intergenerational interactions, the opportunity to connect with others, and to reminisce and share their stories.

This intergenerational digital storytelling program was well-attended, acceptable and associated with increased identity validation for older adults, suggesting viability and potential benefits. Future research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes of the program and to assess its feasibility in residential aged care settings.

To explore whether nurses' use of different approaches to manage patient mistreatment can exert distinctive effects on their emotional exhaustion and life satisfaction, and to examine whether supervisor support can mitigate the negative effects of emotional exhaustion on nurses' life satisfaction.

A time-lagged three-wave survey study with a 2-week time interval was conducted in 2022.

A total of 257 nurses from a Joint Commission International (JCI) accredited general hospital located in eastern China in 2022 completed three-wave surveys. Descriptive analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and mediation and moderated mediation analyses were performed.

Data were collected by using three-wave self-reported questionnaires from 257 nurses from a Joint Commission International (JCI) accredited general hospital located in eastern China in 2022.

Nurses who managed patient mistreatment more cooperatively experienced lower levels of emotional exhaustion, whereas those who managed patient mistreatment more competitively experienced higher levels of emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion was negatively related to life satisfaction. Moreover, emotional exhaustion mediated the positive and negative relationships between cooperative and competitive conflict management approaches and overall life satisfaction. Additionally, supervisor support mitigated the negative impact of emotional exhaustion on life satisfaction and the indirect effects of conflict management approaches on life satisfaction.

To effectively manage the negative impact of patient mistreatment on nurses, both nurses themselves and their supervisors play an important role. Nurses who adopt a cooperative conflict management approach experience lower levels of emotional exhaustion and higher levels of life satisfaction. Supervisor support can alleviate the negative effect of emotional exhaustion on life satisfaction.

The findings provide a better understanding for nurses on how to mitigate the detrimental effects of patient mistreatment on nurses and highlight the role of both nurses themselves and their supervisors in protecting nurses' well-being.

No patient or public contributed to the design or conduct of the study, analysis or interpretation of the data, or in the preparation of the manuscript.

The positive results of life satisfaction among university students have been well studied in the literature. However, the forecasters of the phenomenon have not been thoroughly investigated. In the current study, multiple models were tested to investigate the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationships between virtues and life satisfaction to fill this gap. When testing the model, the effect of demographic variables was controlled. Data were collected through an online survey from a sample of 235 undergraduates. The participants responded to measures of character strengths, perceived stress, and life satisfaction. The findings reveal that perceived stress partially mediates the relationship between leadership, wisdom and life satisfaction controlling for age and gender. The leadership skills of students can be improved, and age and gender should be considered when studying life satisfaction.

Caregivers play an important role in adolescent socialization and well-being. However, the conditions under which caregivers' emotion socialization works in various stages of adolescence are not fully understood. This paper investigates (1) the association between caregiver's emotion socialization, adolescent social competence, and both subjective and psychological well-being as well as (2) the moderating effect of relationship quality on these associations in samples ranging from early adolescence to emerging adulthood. Hypotheses were tested in two majority White American samples using longitudinal (sample 1, n = 241 adolescents, age 11-18, 45.2% girls, 58.01% White) and cross-sectional (sample 2, n = 506 emerging adults, age 18-21, 85.4% girls, 77.86% White) designs, respectively. Results consistently supported the moderation effect of caregiver-adolescent relationship quality in samples ranging from early adolescence to emerging adulthood, highlighting a close caregiver-adolescent relationship as an important "channel" to support caregivers' socialization effort in adolescent subjective and psychological well-being.

To explore the actor-partner effect and mediating role of depression on family strength and life satisfaction among children with disabilities and their parent-caregiver dyads.

A cross-sectional study using secondary data collected from the 2020 (third) Korea Disability and Life Dynamics Panel.

This study included 434 Korean dyads of children with disabilities and their parent caregivers. A dyadic analysis was performed using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model.

The findings showed significant indirect actor effects of family strength on life satisfaction through depression for children with disabilities and their parent caregivers. The direct partner effects of one's family strengths on a partner's life satisfaction were statistically significant only for children. Additionally, significant indirect partner effects were observed in the association between parents' family strengths and children's life satisfaction through their own and their children's depression. The findings indicated that the life satisfaction of children with disabilities was more likely to be affected by their parent caregivers' perceived family strengths and depression.

It is significant for health professionals to acknowledge the mediating and cross-over pathways linking family strengths to life satisfaction through depression and, thus, focus on family-based strategies to enhance life satisfaction among children with disabilities and their parent caregivers.

This study highlights the need for family-oriented mental health interventions and education to promote life satisfaction among children with disabilities and their parent caregivers.

Basic data were provided for establishing efficient healthcare education and counselling protocols and integrated family intervention programmes that can contribute to improving life satisfaction through the reduction of depression by strengthening the family strengths of disabled children-parent caregivers dyads. In future, studies should explore dyadic interdependence among children with disabilities and their parent caregivers.

STROBE guidelines were followed for this study.

No public or patient contribution was required for this study.

Nurse leaders are at a higher risk for burnout post-pandemic. Resilience skills training incorporating mind-body awareness and self-compassion practices significantly improved stress, self-compassion, and mindfulness in medical professionals by the end of the training.

This study aimed to assess if a 6-h resiliency training delivered to nurse leaders would improve measures related to well-being, for example, stress, burnout, life satisfaction, self-compassion, resilience, and mindfulness by the end of the course, and if any improvements would be sustained over time.

We prospectively examined the effects of a 6-h resiliency training on well-being outcomes in nurse leaders in a longitudinal study during Spring 2022 through Fall 2022. Experienced resiliency teachers trained 46 nurse leaders. Participants took pre-, post-, and 2-months-post online surveys measuring well-being-related variables. Only 48% (n = 22) completed the entire course and surveys at all three times.

Nurse leaders were mostly female (n = 38, 83%) and white (n = 27, 59%) with an average age of 44.72 [SD = 9.5] years. Median years of experience were 15.5 [3.5-47]. One-way repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant effect across time on stress (p = 0.02), self-compassion (p = 0.02), mindfulness (p = 0.04), and the exhaustion subscale of burnout (p = 0.008) but the significant changes occurred by the 2-month follow-up. Resilience, life satisfaction, and disengagement scores did not significantly change.

Baseline stress and burnout scores were high in 43.5%-63% of the nurse leaders, indicating a need for continued support of nurse leaders to reduce stress and burnout. Post resiliency training, scores in perceived stress and exhaustion decreased significantly over time, demonstrating the efficacy of this 6-h program to improve key variables related to well-being in nurse leaders. While baseline self-compassion scores were already high in nurse leaders, statistically significant improvements in self-compassion and mindfulness, but not resilience, occurred 2 months after this resiliency training program. Significant changes in key variables related to well-being occurred 2 months post training, indicating the need for further exposure and time with practices taught in the course. Nurse leaders need support to break away from work tasks to participate in psychoeducational trainings and interventions to improve well-being. We need further applied research on how to improve well-being in clinicians from a systems and environmental perspective.

The role of hope and happiness in accounting for mental health, both well-being (viz. life satisfaction & flourishing) and ill-being (depressive symptoms & suicidal ideation), using a cross-sectional design, was examined in a diverse sample of 140 elite student-athletes (88 female & 52 male NCAA Division I athletes, representing 16 different varsity sports, Mage = 20.0) who completed a battery of self-report measures. Results from conducting a series of hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for demographic factors and perceived sport performance (individual & team), indicated hope and happiness (as a positive personality set) accounted for additional unique variance in all indices of well-being and ill-being. However, although happiness emerged as a significant statistical predictor of all indices of well-being and ill-being, hope only emerged as a significant statistical predictor across indices of well-being. Importantly, the inclusion of the Hope × Happiness interaction term consistently added further incremental validity to the prediction of additional unique variance in all indices of mental health in student-athletes. However, evidence for the doubling-up hypothesis was only found in predicting indices of well-being, not ill-being. Taken together, the present findings provide strong evidence for the importance of integrating positive individual differences variables for understanding mental health in elite student-athletes.

Psychological flexibility relates to various aspects of mental health, including psychological distress and adaptive mental health. The CompACT has been developed to assess psychological flexibility by quantifying psychological flexibility as a multidimensional whole, and by three processes of psychological flexibility including, Openness to Experience (OE), Behavioral Awareness (BA), and Valued Action (VA). The current study examined the unique predictive property of each three process of the CompACT with aspects of mental health. Participants (N = 593) were a diverse sample of United States adults. Our results found OE and BA significantly predicted depression, anxiety, and stress. OE and VA significantly predicted satisfaction with life, and all three processes significantly predicted resilience. Our results support multidimensional assessment of psychological flexibility when examining aspects of mental health.

Within-person variability in affect (e.g., Neuroticism) and personality have been linked to well-being. These are measured either by asking people to report how variable they are or to give multiple reports on the construct and calculating a within-person standard deviation adjusted for confounding by the person-level mean. The two measures are weakly correlated with one another and the links of variability with well-being depend on which measure researchers use. Recent research suggests that people's repeated ratings may be biased by response styles. In a 7-day study (N = 399) with up to five measurements per day, we confirmed that the measures of variability lacked sufficient convergent validity to be used interchangeably. We found only 1 significant correlation (of 10) between variability in repeated ratings of affect or personality and variability in repeated ratings of a theoretically unrelated construct (i.e., features of images). There was very little evidence supporting the response styles hypothesis.

Conservative ideology, broadly speaking, has been widely linked to greater happiness and meaning in life. Is that true of all forms of a good life? We examined whether a psychologically rich life is associated with political orientation, system justification, and Protestant work ethic, independent of two other traditional forms of a good life: a happy life and a meaningful life.

Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed conservative worldviews and three aspects of well-being (N = 583 in Study 1; N = 348 in Study 2; N = 436 in Study 3; N = 1,217 in Study 4; N = 2,176 in Study 5; N = 516 in Study 6).

Happiness was associated with political conservatism and system justification, and meaning in life was associated with Protestant work ethic. In contrast, zero-order correlations showed that psychological richness was not associated with conservative worldviews. However, when happiness and meaning in life were included in multiple regression models, the nature of the association shifted: Psychological richness was consistently inversely associated with system justification and on average less political conservatism, suggesting that happiness and meaning in life were suppressor variables.

These findings suggest that happiness and meaning in life are associated with conservative ideology, whereas psychological richness is not.

This qualitative (multiple case) study investigated incarcerated juveniles' experiences of being enrolled in an educational institution outside the correctional facility, and how this impacted their motivation, well-being, life satisfaction, and future social integration. Self-determination theory was used to understand how youth experienced fulfillment of their psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Results showed that the need for autonomy and competence were gradually met by education, whereas the need for relatedness was primarily fulfilled through relationships within the existing social network instead of through relationships with peers in the education setting. Reluctance to become acquainted with peers in the education setting may be explained by feelings of self-stigmatization. We conclude that attending education of juveniles outside prison may contribute to their future perspective and rehabilitation, in particular if sufficient attention is paid to opportunities for meaningful contact with (prosocial) fellow students outside the correctional facility.

The objectives of this study were to identify differences in psychosocial profiles and sleep quality between patients diagnosed with classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP).

Archival data of 84 patients diagnosed with TN and 46 patients diagnosed with PIFP were used to compare pain interference, affective distress, anxiety and depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and sleep quality measures using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Significant differences between the 2 groups were determined using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and chi-square analyses.

Anxiety symptoms were higher for patients with TN compared to PIFP. Both groups presented with clinically significant sleep disturbances (PSQI > 5). For patients who indicated past trauma exposure (n = 44), the TN group reported significantly higher post-traumatic stress symptoms compared with the PIFP group.

Anxiety symptoms were significantly elevated in the TN group compared to PIFP. For patients who indicated past trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were greater for the TN group compared with the PIFP group. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol YEAR;VOL:page range).

Retirement is a pivotal life course transition wich may have profound implications for health, well-being and health behaviours. Despite extensive research and theoretical debate, the impact of retirement on health remains inconclusive, with studies reporting positive, negative, or no effects. This overview of reviews synthesises evidence from 15 systematic reviews (4 meta-analyses) assessing the relationship between retirement and physical and mental health outcomes (including mortality, mental health, cognitive decline and cardiovascular diseases) and health behaviours (including physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption). The review adheres to PRIOR guidelines and assesses the quality of the literature and existing methodological challenges. Findings indicate that retirement's impact varies widely depending on socioeconomic status (SES), job characteristics, and individual lifestyle factors. Retirees with higher SES generally experience improved mental health and increased physical activity, whereas those with lower SES are more prone to declines in physical and mental health, increased sedentary behaviour, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Evidence on cognitive decline and mortality remains mixed. This review highlights critical methodological issues in the available literature, including inconsistent definitions of retirement, reliance on self-reported health data, and biases like reverse causality and healthy worker effect. Future research should prioritise life course longitudinal designs and cross-country comparisons informed by stronger theoretical grounding to untangle the complex relationship between retirement and health. Policy efforts should target vulnerable groups, particularly those from lower SES, by promoting physical activity, mental well-being, and social engagement during and after the transition to retirement. Tailored interventions across retirement transition could mitigate health disparities and improve overall well-being in later life.

Major Depression (MD) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) are the most common mental health disorders, which typically are assessed quantitatively by rating scales such as PHQ-9 and GAD-7. However, recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) have opened up the possibility of question-based computational language assessment (QCLA). Here we investigate how accurate open-ended questions, using descriptive keywords or autobiographical narratives, can discriminate between participants that self-reported diagnosis of depression and anxiety, or health control. The results show that both language and rating scale measures can discriminate well, however, autobiographical narratives discriminate best between healthy and anxiety (ϕ = 1.58), as well as healthy and depression (ϕ = 1.38). Descriptive keywords, and to a certain extent autobiographical narratives, also discriminate better than summed scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 (ϕ=0.80 in discrimination between anxiety and depression), but not when individual items of these scales were analyzed by ML (ϕ=0.86 and ϕ=0.91 in item-level analysis of PHQ-9 and GAD-7, respectively). Combining the scales consistently elevated the discrimination even more (ϕ=1.39 in comparison between depression and anxiety), both in item-level and sum-scores analyses. These results indicate that QCLA measures often, but not in all cases, are better than standardized rating scales for assessment of depression and anxiety. Implication of these findings for mental health assessments are discussed.

Previous studies have established that there is a relationship between efficacy beliefs and procrastination. Theory and research on motivation suggest that visual imagery (the capacity to create vivid mental images) may be implicated in this relationship and in the general tendency to procrastinate. This study's aim was to build on prior work by examining the role of visual imagery, as well as roles of other specific personal and affective factors, in predicting academic procrastination. Self-efficacy for self regulatory behavior was observed to be the strongest predictor, predicting lower rates of academic procrastination, though this effect was significantly greater for individuals who scored higher on a measure of visual imagery. Visual imagery predicted higher levels of academic procrastination when included in a regression model with other significant factors, though this relationship did not hold for individuals who scored higher on self regulatory self-efficacy, suggesting that this self-belief may shield individuals who would otherwise be disposed to procrastination behavior. Negative affect was observed to predict higher levels of academic procrastination, contrary to a previous finding. This result highlightsthe importance of considering social contextual issues that may influence emotional states, such as those surrounding the Covid-19 epidemic, in studies of procrastination.

Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills matter for individuals' well-being and success. The behavioral, emotional, and social skills inventory (BESSI) uses 192 items to assess 32 specific SEB skills across five broad skill domains. This research developed three short forms of the BESSI-192 and explored their measurement properties, predictive validity, and cross-cultural comparability. We found that BESSI-96, BESSI-45, and BESSI-20 largely captured the psychological content of the BESSI-192 measure, retained a robust multidimensional structure, and demonstrated adequate reliability. At the domain and facet level, the BESSI short forms showed patterns of associations with external criteria that were similar to the BESSI-192 and preserved most of the BESSI-192's predictive power. The BESSI short forms also demonstrated full or partial measurement invariance between the primarily U.S.-based and German adult samples. We conclude by discussing contexts in which the short forms may be useful for researchers and practitioners.

The goals of this project were to improve our understanding of chronic regulatory focus constructs and to provide researchers with a measure that adequately assesses the constructs, can distinguish individual differences effectively across the range of the constructs, and is appropriate for use in diverse populations.

Employing best practices in construct validation, we developed the International Personality Item Pool Regulatory Focus Scale (IPIP-RFS). Utilizing 14 samples (N = 4867), we established substantive (via expert ratings and regulatory focus literature), structural (via factor analysis, item response theory, and measurement invariance), and external (via convergent, discriminant, and predictive associations) validity.

The IPIP-RFS adequately assesses the constructs of chronic promotion focus and prevention focus, can accurately assess individuals along the continua of the constructs, and is suitable for use among populations that vary in gender, race, and age. Individual differences in promotion focus reflect self-regulation and goal pursuit related to cognitive and behavioral exploration and flexibility (i.e., plasticity), whereas individual differences in prevention focus reflect self-regulation and goal pursuit related to motivational and interpersonal steadiness (i.e., stability).

Promotion and prevention focus are important elements of personality with broad implications for functioning and outcomes in health and other important domains.

The construct of breast appreciation is as an important facet of women's positive body image and is measured using the 9-item Breast Appreciation Scale (BrAS; Swami et al., 2022). However, examinations of the instrument's psychometric properties in diverse national and linguistic groups remains lacking. Here, we report on the translation and validation of a Colombian Spanish version of the BrAS. A total of 1979 cisgender women from Colombia completed a translation of the BrAS along with additional measures of body image, disordered eating, and psychological well-being. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified a stable unidimensional model of the BrAS, with all nine items retained. Additionally, the BrAS evidenced complete invariance (i.e., through to latent mean invariance) across mothers and non-mothers and was temporally stable after four weeks in a retest sample (n = 102). Evidence of convergent, concurrent, and incremental validity was very strong when based on both latent and observed scores. Greater breast appreciation was notably associated with more positive body image (body appreciation, functionality appreciation), greater breast awareness, and lower breast size dissatisfaction and eating restraint. These results suggest that the psychometric properties of the Colombian Spanish BrAS are robust.

The Covid-19 pandemic exposed individuals to intense restrictions and social isolation, as well as the possibility of deterioration of physical health. In the pandemic period, the Internet has become the principal avenue for social interaction, leisure related activities, and school-work pursuits for most people and consequently problematic Internet use (PIU) has increased dramatically in this period. Modeling of PIU among university students - considered one of the most negatively affected groups at this time - along with PIU subconstructs as well as indicators of psychological well-being - life satisfaction, loneliness, and hostility - will be valuable in directing future studies. This study examined the effects of the psychological well-being indicators of life satisfaction, loneliness, and hostility on PIU constructs; the preference for online social interaction, Internet use for mood regulation, and deficient self-regulation of Internet use during the Covid-19 pandemic social isolation period. Participants were 418 undergraduate students from a public university (130 male and 288 female). Results revealed that young adults with low life satisfaction have been more likely to problematically use the Internet to regulate their mood during the Covid-19 pandemic. Hostility and loneliness between which there is a moderately strong direct relationship, were similarly related to deficiently self-regulated Internet use. Moreover, individuals experiencing feelings of loneliness are more likely to use the Internet problematically for online social interaction purposes, while those experiencing feelings of hostility are more likely to use it problematically for mood regulation purposes. Given the significant relationships between indicators of psychological well-being and PIU, higher education institutions should take measures to prevent PIU behaviors in their students in case they face potential periods of social isolation.

Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) are a significant factor in health outcomes for both acute and chronic health conditions, but systematic research related to outcomes from traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been limited. This study explores the relationship between individual and neighborhood-level SDoH and TBI outcomes to understand the extent of their influence on long-term recovery. Hybrid panel models that decompose time-varying predictors into between- and within-person effects were used to examine the relationships between SDoH and participation in the community, life satisfaction, and global functioning for persons with moderate to severe TBI one to 30 years post-injury. Participants were 9263 persons, distributed nationally, who received inpatient rehabilitation for TBI and enrolled in the TBI Model Systems longitudinal study. Individual-level SDoH included sex, race/ethnicity, education, employment, insurance, primary means of transportation, and rurality. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was used as an indicator of neighborhood disadvantage. Results indicated that neighborhood-level SDoH accounted for differences in outcomes between individuals but not due to change in a given individual's neighborhood. These findings were robust to the inclusion of numerous individual-level SDoH, which were also associated with the outcomes. Individual-level SDoH accounted for differences in outcomes both between individuals and with change in a given individual's status. Among four thematic subscales constituting the SVI, the socio-economic status subscale was consistently associated with all three outcomes.

Unveiling the roles personality plays during childhood and adolescence necessitates its accurate measurement, commonly using traditional Likert-type (LK) scales. However, this format is susceptible to various response biases, which can be particularly prevalent in children and adolescents, thus likely undermining measurement accuracy. Forced-choice (FC) scales appear to be a promising alternative because they are largely free from these biases by design. However, some argue that the FC format may not perform satisfactorily in children and adolescents due to its complexity. Little empirical evidence exists regarding the suitability of the FC format for children and adolescents. As such, the current study examined the psychometric performance of an FC measure of the Big Five personality factors in three children and adolescent samples: 5th to 6th graders (N = 428), 7th to 8th graders (N = 449), and 10th to 11th graders (N = 555). Across the three age groups, the FC scale demonstrated a better fit to the Big Five model and better discriminant validity in comparison to the LK counterpart. Personality scores from the FC scale also converged well with those from the LK scale and demonstrated high reliability as well as sizable criterion-related validity. Furthermore, the FC scale had more invariant statements than its LK counterpart across age groups. Overall, we found good evidence showing that FC measurement of personality is suitable for children and adolescents.

Yoga Nidra meditation has been increasingly examined in recent years for its potential to enhance psychological well-being. However, few studies have examined its biological effects-such as diurnal cortisol patterns particularly in larger samples using pre-post designs. The primary objective of this randomised controlled trial was to examine both the psychological (stress, anxiety, depression, rumination, sleep, satisfaction with life) and the biological effects (diurnal salivary cortisol) of Yoga Nidra. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 intervention groups (EG1: 11 min Yoga Nidra, n = 101; EG2: 30 min Yoga Nidra, n = 80), an active control group (AC: 10 min music, n = 74), or a waitlist control group (WC, n = 107). The intervention was delivered online via pre-recorded audio files and practiced ideally daily over 2 months. Significant improvements were observed for the 11-min Yoga Nidra group compared to the WC (effect sizes d = 0.08-0.16). Regular practice was associated with reductions in total cortisol and steeper diurnal slopes. Additionally, the short form significantly reduced depression compared to the AC (d = 0.13). The long form of Yoga Nidra showed an increase in acting with awareness (d = 0.10) compared to the short form. It also exceeded the effects of EG1 when compared to the AC and WC, including a flatter cortisol wake-up reaction. The importance of small effects through economic interventions for health-promoting behaviour is highlighted.

Leisure activities are believed to contribute to healthy ageing. We compared the effects of choir singing and go playing on cortisol levels in Japanese older adults. We also examined its relevance to the older adults' emotional affect and cognitive performance.

Thirty-six older adults participated either in choir or go playing, within a 2 (groups)×2 (time points) design. Dependent measures included levels of salivary cortisol, as well as key psychological, cognitive, and neuropsychological measures.

A significant two-way interaction was observed, showing that levels of salivary cortisol decreased for the choir but increased for the go groups. The decrease in salivary cortisol for the choir group correlated with the participant's negative affect and their degree of cognitive impairment.

Choir singing has the potential to reduce Japanese older adults' physiological stress. The decreases can be seen more prominently for people with stronger negative affect and cognitive impairment. Further research is required to replicate these effects.

Individual differences in brain structure are not only seen between healthy and diseased individuals, or between young and elderly people, but also in middle-aged men and women. Previous studies have shown that the cause is related to psychological distress and stress, and that it is accompanied by a decline in performance. This suggests that among middle-aged male and female workers who consider themselves healthy, the brain may atrophy depending on the level of psychological distress, which may reduce job satisfaction. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the relationship between brain structure and psychological variables from the analysis of brain images obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the results of a questionnaire survey of 80 middle-aged male and female workers who consider themselves healthy. The results showed that the gray matter of the whole brain, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and parietal lobe mediated the relationship between psychological distress and job satisfaction. This suggests that more workers than previously believed may have symptoms like frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due to psychological distress, reducing their job performance and job satisfaction.

Stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures implemented to prevent its spread dramatically shifted our social networks, interactions, and contexts, all of which influence the assessment of one's subjective well-being (SWB). Drawing on data collected from 1,318 adults between April and May 2020, we used structural equation modeling to analyze the relationship between pandemic-related stress and SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect), and examined how these relationships vary across age. Pandemic-related stress was associated with lower life satisfaction and higher negative affect. However, no evidence of age moderation emerged. Subsequent analysis examined different aspects of social resources as potential mediating variables. Loneliness fully mediated the relationship between stress and life satisfaction, while social support demonstrated evidence of partial mediation. Further, loneliness and social support partially mediated the relationship between stress and negative affect. Findings suggest that pandemic-related stress impacts SWB, and social resources help explain these impacts.

Cancer patients' social networks, particularly their spouses or romantic partners, can promote or undermine their psychological adjustment. This study examined the relative associations of partner social support and social constraint with patients' psychological adjustment and further tested gender's moderating role in these associations. Participants were 124 patients newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer (M age = 56.6 years, 34% female), who completed questionnaires on perceived spousal social support and social constraint, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Findings revealed that greater social constraint was significantly associated with lower life satisfaction regardless of gender; however, greater social constraint was only associated with greater depressive symptoms in male patients. No significant associations or interactions with social support were found. Findings highlight the importance for patients-especially male patients-with cancer to feel able to disclose cancer-related thoughts and feelings to their partners and call for more consistent operationalization and measurement when studying patients' social functioning.

Examine effects of 8-week Behavioral Activation (BA)-based treatment on emotional distress in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI).

Single TBI rehabilitation center.

Sixty community-dwelling persons with msTBI sustained ≥6 months prior, with at least mild depression and/or anxiety but no suicidal ideation/ psychiatric instability.

Randomized controlled trial comparing 2 treatments: the BAT condition delivered in 8 sessions of BA (6 face-to-face, 2 phone) with ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and text reminders for increased activity; the INT condition, shown in a previous trial to be highly credible and mildly efficacious, used 1 face-to-face session plus 8 weeks of text reminders framed as implementation intentions for increased activity.

Global Severity Index of Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18 GSI; primary outcome); secondary outcome measures of hypothesized BA mechanisms (environmental reward, activation); participation; and quality of life assessed at baseline, post-treatment, 2-month follow-up; Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) measured post-treatment.

Primary analysis revealed that BAT participants with higher baseline emotional distress had significantly greater improvement in distress (primary outcome) compared to INT participants at post-treatment; this response was attenuated at follow-up. Across distress levels, both measures of BA mechanism showed superior response to BAT at post-treatment and at follow-up. Other secondary outcomes did not differ significantly by treatment, although there was a trend for BAT participants to show more improved health-related quality of life. BAT participants reported significantly greater degree of meaningful change post-treatment (PGIC).

Findings support a growing body of research suggesting that structured, theoretically based approaches to increasing activity linked to personal values can have substantial beneficial impact for many persons with chronic msTBI and emotional distress. Promising future directions include adapting the BAT treatment to remote delivery to improve its potential reach.

Cancer survivors often experience a shift in values upon receiving a cancer diagnosis (1). Virtues are the behavioral manifestations of one's values and strengthsPurpose:The purpose of this study was to psychometrically validate the Adapted Inventory of Virtues and Strengths (AIVS), a measure of virtues in the context of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability, for cancer survivors.

A total of 355 participants with cancer were recruited via Prolific, an online crowdsourcing platform, across two data collection phases. Participants completed an online survey that included the AIVS along with scales measuring related constructs. Factor analyses and correlational analyses were performed to assess the psychometric properties of the AIVS.

Findings indicated that the AIVS showed a distinct five-factor structure within the cancer population, differing from the structure found in its original cross-disability psychometric validation study. The AIVS demonstrated good psychometric properties and showed correlations with scales measuring constructs relevant to virtues (i.e., life satisfaction, self-efficacy).

Through factor analysis, with a reduction in total items and a change in the factor structure, the AIVS appears to be psychometrically sound for cancer survivors.

Mindfulness has been consistently linked to mental health benefits; however, the underlying mechanisms relating mindfulness to life satisfaction and depression remain underexplored. This study develops and empirically examines the Dual Pathways Mindfulness Model (DPMM), which posits that mindfulness is associated with mental health through sequential mechanisms involving self-compassion and rumination among university students.

A cross-sectional survey involving 1,409 Chinese university students was conducted. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized sequential mediation model. Indirect effects were examined using bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals.

Mindfulness was positively associated with life satisfaction (Effect = 0.080, p < 0.01) and negatively associated with depression (Effect = -0.180, p < 0.001). Self-compassion significantly mediated both associations, linking mindfulness to higher life satisfaction (Indirect effect = 0.057, 95% CI [0.05, 0.07]) and lower depression (Indirect effect = -0.033, 95% CI [-0.04, -0.03]). Rumination also served as a significant mediator for life satisfaction (Indirect effect = 0.067, 95% CI [0.02, 0.04]) and depression (Indirect effect = -0.064, 95% CI [ -0.07, -0.05]). Furthermore, a sequential mediation pathway was identified: higher mindfulness was associated with greater self-compassion, which was linked to lower rumination, ultimately associated with increased life satisfaction (Indirect effect = 0.020, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03]) and decreased depressive symptoms (Indirect effect = -0.039, 95% CI [-0.05, -0.03]).

This study proposes and validates the DPMM, a novel model explaining how mindfulness relates to mental health through interconnected self-regulatory processes. By identifying self-compassion and rumination as sequential mediators, the findings offer theoretical insights into the psychological mechanisms linking mindfulness to enhanced well-being. While the cross-sectional design precludes causal claims, the results provide a foundational framework to guide future longitudinal studies and inform mental health promotion strategies grounded in mechanism-based understanding.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine services represented a widely implemented alternative to in-person doctor and therapist appointments. Consequently, rates of telemedicine use rapidly increased worldwide, also in Germany. Research regarding longitudinal determinants of telemedicine use is needed, particularly from nationally representative German samples, to improve understanding of the use behavior of major target groups such as middle-aged and older adults.

This study aimed to longitudinally investigate determinants of online health consultation use among middle-aged and older individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Nationally representative longitudinal data of German middle-aged and older adults (≥46 years old) were taken from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS). Data from the Compact Survey (conducted between June and July 2020) and wave 7 (conducted between November 2020 and March 2021) of the DEAS were observed (pooled analytic sample N=5456). Having experienced consultations with doctors or therapists on online platforms served as the outcome measure. Associations with socioeconomic, health- and health behavior-related, psychological, and COVID-19-related determinants were tested using random effects logistic regressions.

In our sample, 49% (2673/5456) of participants were female and the mean age of the participants was 67.8 (SD 9.4) years. Past experience with online health consultations was reported by 10.3% (561/5456) of the sample. Online health consultation use was associated with high education (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06-1.93; P=.02), poor self-rated health (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.49-0.75; P<.001), and higher frequency of physical activity (reference: low frequency; medium frequency: OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.15-2.17; P=.005; high frequency: OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.09-2.76; P=.02). Moreover, greater levels of loneliness (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06-1.93; P=.04) and life satisfaction (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.73; P=.04) as well as perceiving the COVID-19 crisis as a greater personal threat (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15; P=.02) were associated with having online health consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Online health consultation use does not seem to be exclusively associated with the health of middle-aged and older patients. Study findings emphasize the longitudinal association of education and psychosocial factors as well as health factors with telemedicine use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. This knowledge may help to improve and adapt services to this patient group, which could contribute to higher utilization rates in the future. Future studies are needed to verify these initial findings under postpandemic circumstances and across different countries.

The Dallas Lifespan Brain Study (DLBS) was designed to integrate brain and cognition across the adult lifespan. Participants (n = 464) were between age 21 and 89 years at time of first assessment and returned approximately every 3.5-5 years for a second (n = 338) and third epoch (n = 224) of data collection. The three epochs included a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, questionnaires that assessed physical health, psychosocial status, and brain health, structural MRI scans (including T1-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging), a hypercapnia scan, an arterial spin labeling scan, and four functional fMRI scans. Additionally, measures of amyloid and tau were collected with AV-45 (Florbetapir) and AV-1451 (Flortaucipir). Key innovations were robust sampling of middle-aged participants and inclusion of PET data for amyloid and tau in a cognitively normal sample. This large data set has recently been published on OpenNeuro.org open-access and provides the opportunity for researchers to test many hypotheses about brain and cognition across human adulthood, including longitudinal hypotheses, with these data across a multi-year span.

Physical activity (PA) is crucial for older adults' well-being and mitigating health risks. Encouraging active lifestyles requires a deeper understanding of the factors influencing PA, which conventional approaches often overlook by assuming stability in these determinants over time. However, individual-level determinants fluctuate over time in real-world settings. Digital phenotyping (DP), employing data from personal digital devices, enables continuous, real-time quantification of behaviour in natural settings. This approach offers ecological and dynamic assessments into factors shaping individual PA patterns within their real-world context. This paper presents a study protocol for the DP of PA behaviour among community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above.

This 2-week multidimensional assessment combines supervised (self-reported questionnaires, clinical assessments) and unsupervised methods (continuous wearable monitoring and ecological momentary assessment (EMA)). Participants will wear a Garmin Vivosmart V.5 watch, capturing 24/7 data on PA intensity, step count and heart rate. EMA will deliver randomised prompts four times a day via the Smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment3 application, collecting real-time self-reports on physical and mental health, motivation, efficacy and contextual factors. All measurements align with the Behaviour Change Wheel framework, assessing capability, opportunity and motivation. Machine learning will analyse data, employing unsupervised learning (eg, hierarchical clustering) to identify PA behaviour patterns and supervised learning (eg, recurrent neural networks) to predict behavioural influences. Temporal patterns in PA and EMA responses will be explored for intraday and interday variability, with follow-up durations optimised through random sliding window analysis, with statistical significance evaluated in RStudio at a threshold of 0.05.

The study has been approved by the ethical committee of Hasselt University (B1152023000011). The findings will be presented at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

NCT06094374.

The number of alcohol use disorders (AUD) worldwide has increased; therefore, understanding and preventing alcohol addiction is of utmost importance. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of memory recall interventions using the odor of alcohol on mental health and drinking behavior. We used three different studies, two online and one in a laboratory, where participants with and without problematic drinking behaviors were asked to recall autobiographical memories evoked by the odor of alcohol. They were asked to complete questionnaires to measure their autobiographical memory and mental health. The results revealed that participants without problematic drinking behaviors recalled more positive memories and exhibited better mental health than those with such behaviors. Furthermore, in both groups, recalling positive memories increased positive mood, while recalling negative memories decreased positive mood. Additionally, for participants with problematic drinking behaviors, recalling positive memories increased their planned alcohol consumption, whereas recalling negative memories decreased it. The results suggest that interventions focused on recalling emotional autobiographical memories may influence the mental health and behavior of individuals with problematic drinking behaviors.