Mental illness in adolescence has seen an unprecedented increase over the past decade. This has left parents, teachers, health-care providers, and other stakeholders wondering what is happening in the teenage population. What has caused such a significant increase in depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in young people aged 13-19? Most of the research in this narrative literature review of articles published from 2016 to 2024 points to social media use as a contributing factor. The goal of this paper is to present an analysis of research related to social media use and the increase in depression, anxiety, and suicide in adolescents. Identified themes include negative psychological and physical effects of increased social media use, several different types of addiction related to social media use, the mention of fear of missing out, cybervictimization, contagion phenomenon, and low perceived support.

Sedentary behavior is an independent risk factor for various health conditions, but its association with dysmenorrhea has been little investigated. This study aimed to examine whether sedentary behavior is independently associated with primary dysmenorrhea in young women, controlling for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and other known risk factors.

An online survey was conducted in 603 young women in South Korea in 2023. Menstrual pain intensity was measured using a numeric rating scale, and symptoms were assessed with the Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Known risk factors for dysmenorrhea included menstrual and lifestyle characteristics, sleep quality, and stress.

Longer sedentary time (hours/day) was correlated with more frequent (r = 0.144; p < 0.001) and severe (r = 0.123; p < 0.01) menstrual symptoms but not with pain intensity. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sedentary time was independently associated with the frequency (β = 0.10; p < 0.01) and severity (β = 0.09; p < 0.05) of menstrual symptoms after adjusting for physical activity and other risk factors for dysmenorrhea. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that women with higher levels of sedentary time had 1.05 times greater odds (95% CI, 1.00-1.10; p < 0.05) of experiencing severe pain compared to those with less sedentary time, even after adjusting for physical activity and other risk factors.

Prolonged sedentary behavior in young women is associated with more frequent and severe menstrual symptoms, including more intense menstrual pain. These findings highlight the need for public health strategies that reduce sedentary behavior to alleviate dysmenorrhea.

While growing evidence suggests a link between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and adolescent mental health, further investigation is needed to clarify this association. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine how adherence to single and combined 24-hour movement guidelines relates to depression, anxiety, and loneliness in adolescents, while exploring variations across sex and age.

A total of 15,344 adolescents aged 10-18 years in Shanghai were selected using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling in 2021. Data on movement behavior and mental health problems were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations and stratified analyses were performed for sex and age groups. The STROBE checklist for observational research was adopted for reporting.

Only 2.7 % of our sample of Chinese adolescents met all three 24-hour movement behavior recommendations. Compared to not meeting any recommendations, meeting one or more recommendations was significantly associated with a lower risk of depression, anxiety, and loneliness (p < 0.001 for all), showing a dose-response gradient (p < 0.001 for all). Meeting both screen time and sleep recommendations showed near-equivalent protection against depression (OR = 0.47, 95%CI 0.37-0.61) to meeting all three recommendations (OR = 0.46, 95%CI 0.32-0.64). Meeting the guidelines appeared to have a stronger protective effect on the mental health of girls and younger adolescents than boys and older adolescents.

Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines, particularly screen time and sleep recommendations, was associated with a reduced risk of depression, anxiety, and loneliness in adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of integrating 24-hour movement guidelines into public health initiatives, such as school-based policies promoting balanced schedules and parental guidance on recreational screen use.

Against the backdrop of increasing social stress and a faster pace of life, psychological resilience as a key psychological attribute has become increasingly prominent. Physical activity is also a significant factor influencing the psychological resilience of young students. This study aims to systematically review the research progress on the relationship between physical activity and psychological resilience among young students. It analyzes the correlation between the two and the influencing factors, and explores the mechanisms by which physical activity among young students contributes to psychological resilience. The objective is to motivate young students to engage more actively in physical activities, thereby enhancing their psychological resilience.

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, an extensive literature search was conducted across six electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost. The search spanned from January 1, 2000, to November 20, 2024. The selected studies were subjected to rigorous quality evaluation, and relevant methodological and outcome data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. Subsequently, meta-analysis of the included studies was performed using Stata 18 software, including heterogeneity testing and assessment of publication bias.

After literature screening, a total of 21 studies were included, exploring the correlation between physical activity and psychological resilience. These studies employed Pearson correlation analysis (14 studies), multiple regression analysis (13 studies), and structural equation modeling (SEM) (eight studies). Using a random-effects model to combine effect sizes, the average correlation coefficient was 0.249 (p < 0.001), the average standardized coefficient for the promotion of psychological resilience by physical activity was 0.195 (p < 0.001), and the average path coefficient for the enhancement of psychological resilience through physical activity was 0.205 (p < 0.001).

This study found a significant positive correlation between physical activity and psychological resilience among young students, with physical activity exerting a positive impact on psychological resilience. Similarly, psychological resilience plays a promotional role in the participation of young students in physical activities.

Research has contradictory findings because of different definitions of screen time, measures of wellbeing, and the examination of different groups of teenagers. This study distinguishes four types of screen activity using time diaries of UK adolescents: social screen time, internet browsing, playing e-games and video viewing, and examines their associations with adolescents' happiness in six domains, by gender and parental education. Any form of screen time is associated with lower happiness with looks, but worst for the former two activities. These activities are also associated with lower happiness in other domains, and excessive use equate to worse wellbeing. More screen time is worse for girls' happiness with their looks than boys, and parental education is not a protective factor.

The role of adherence to the recommendations for 24-hour movement behaviors (24-HMB), including physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration (SLP), in relation to emotional and behavioral problems in Chinese adolescents remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate these associations and explore potential sex differences.

This school-based cross-sectional study included 15,071 Chinese adolescents with a mean age of 14.53 (SD: 1.65) years. Data on emotional and behavioral problems and 24-HMB (including PA, ST, and SLP) were collected. Analysis was performed using general linear mixed models, with additional sex-stratified analyses conducted.

The number of 24-HMB recommendations met was negatively associated with total difficulties (β estimate=-0.96, 95% CI: -1.07 to -0.85) and positively related to prosocial behavior (β estimate = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.46) among adolescents. Compared with none of the recommendations met, meeting all recommendations (total difficulties: β estimate=-2.98, 95% CI: -3.41 to -2.55; prosocial behaviors: β estimate = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.87 to 1.24) demonstrated the strongest association with both difficulties and prosocial behaviors, followed by meeting recommendations for PA + ST (total difficulties: β estimate=-2.15, 95% CI: -2.41 to -1.90; prosocial behaviors: β estimate = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.09). These associations were consistently significant in both boys and girls.

Adherence to more 24-HMB recommendations, particularly meeting all recommendations or combined PA + ST recommendations, could improve emotional and behavioral well-being among adolescent girls and boys. The significance of balanced movement behaviors for promoting adolescent mental health merits increased attention.

Previous research has demonstrated that both sleep and physical activity (PA) are independently associated with various indicators of mental health among adults. However, their joint contribution to mental health has received limited attention. The present study used cross-sectional data from the Mental Health Million Project to examine the independent and joint effects of sleep and PA on mental health among a global sample of adults, and whether these effects differ among individuals receiving mental health treatment.

The sample included 200,743 participants (33.1% young adults, 45.6% middle-aged adults, 21.3% older adults; 57.6% females, 0.9% other) from 213 countries, territories, and archipelagos worldwide that completed a comprehensive 47-item assessment of mental health including both problems (i.e., ill-being) and assets (i.e., well-being): the Mental Health Quotient. Participants also reported their weekly frequency of PA and adequate sleep, and mental health treatment status. A series of generalized linear mixed models were computed.

Independent dose-response associations were observed, whereby greater amounts of PA and adequate sleep were each associated with better mental health. In addition, a synergistic interaction was observed in which the positive correlation of PA with mental health was strengthened with greater frequency of adequate sleep. These benefits were less pronounced among adults receiving mental health treatment.

While findings suggest sleep can help to offset the negative influence of a physically inactive lifestyle (and vice versa), our results point to a "more is better" approach for both behaviors when it comes to promoting mental health.

Depression symptoms are commonly experienced by adults and older people; however, there is uncertainty concerning the associations of lifestyle with the risk of depression. This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed observational data to assess the link between instrumented sedentary behavior (i-SB) and physical activity (i-PA) measures and depression risk among adult and older populations.

A systematic review across four databases was performed up to July 27, 2024, targeting studies linking i-SB, i-PA, and depression. The review included a dose-response meta-analysis, presenting results as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Fifty-one studies, encompassing 1,318,687 participants, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The comparison between the most and least sedentary groups yielded a pooled OR of 1.09 (95% CI 1.05-1.13). The comparison between the least and most active participant groups yielded pooled ORs of 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-0.98) for light activity (LPA), 0.91 (95% CI 0.86-0.96) for moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.96) for total physical activity (TPA), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.94) for steps per day. After adjusting i-PA, a lower OR for i-SB did not indicate a significant link to increased depression risk. Meta-regression analyses confirmed a dose-response relationship between SB, MVPA, daily steps, and depression.

The association between i-SB and the risk of depression was not consistent with the results of previous self-reported studies. MVPA linked to the risk of depression was independent of i-SB, whereas the link between i-SB and the risk of depression was not independent of i-PA.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=546666, identifier CRD42024546666.

Insufficient physical activity, excessive recreational screen time, and inadequate sleep pose health risks in school-aged children and adolescents. The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth advocate for balanced daily movement behaviours. This population-level study in British Columbia (BC), Canada, examined the proportion of young adolescents following these guidelines and how adherence correlated with their mental well-being.

Using cross-sectional self-report data from 26,974 grades 6-8 children (48% girls, mean age = 13.31) who had completed the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI) in BC in 2023, we calculated the percentages of children meeting physical activity (at least 1 h daily), sleep (9 + hours for 5- to 13-year-olds, 8 + for > 13-year-olds), and screen time (no more than 2 h daily) recommendations. Eight groupings were created, indicating how many and which movement behaviour guidelines were met: none, sleep only, physical activity only, screen time only, physical activity and sleep, physical activity and screen time, sleep and screen time, and all three behaviours. Mean differences in depressive symptoms, optimism, and satisfaction with life scores across categories were estimated through sex-stratified linear mixed models, adjusting for covariates.

Four percent of adolescents met all recommendations, while 15% met none. Meeting some or all recommendations was associated with higher levels of optimism and satisfaction with life, and lower levels of depressive symptoms compared to meeting none. Beneficial effects were overall larger for girls, and largest for depressive symptoms among girls meeting all recommendations versus none (-1.05, 95% CI [-1.14, -0.96]).

Adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with higher levels of well-being, but most grades 6-8 adolescents in our study did not meet the recommendations. Given sex differences in meeting the movement behaviour recommendations, public health strategies need to consider targeted interventions aimed at improving adherence to these guidelines, particularly focusing on reducing recreational screen time and increasing physical activity.

Chinese-Australian adolescents face unique academic and cultural challenges that may impact their lifestyle and psychological well-being. Physical activity, screen time, and sleep are known to influence well-being. However, research on the adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among Chinese-Australian adolescents remains limited and awaits further investigation.

This study hypothesized a significant positive association between adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for physical activity, screen time, and sleep, and the psychological well-being of Chinese-Australian adolescents.

A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to two language schools in Brisbane, Australia, targeting high school students from grades 7 to 12 with Chinese-Australian backgrounds. This study used multiple linear regression modelling to examine the associations between meeting or not meeting recommendations. Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was defined as ≥60 min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ≤2 h/day of recreational screen time, and 9-11 h/night of sleep.

Out of 251 participants (average age: 13.31 years; 58% female), only 20.3% met two or three recommendations, while 43.3% met one, and 36.2% met none. The most common compliance was meeting only the screen time guideline alone (48%), while 9.6% met either MVPA + screen time or screen time + sleep. The regression analysis showed that meeting at least MVPA (β = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.07 to 2.74) or at least sleep (β = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.19 to 2.60) was associated with better psychological well-being. Notably, meeting MVPA and sleep guidelines was significantly associated with higher well-being (β = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.06-6.60). From the results, adherence to additional 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with improved psychosocial well-being. However, a small proportion of adolescents met all the guidelines.

Greater adherence to physical activity and sleep guidelines is linked to better psychological well-being among Chinese-Australian adolescents. These results highlight the importance of promoting healthy behaviours and implementing public health strategies to enhance education on exercise and sleep, particularly at the school and family levels, to support adolescents' psychological well-being.

To evaluate whether sedentary behaviour is a risk or prognostic factor for spinal pain in children and adolescents. Specifically, to estimate the (1) direction and strength of the association; (2) risk of spinal pain onset and (3) effect on spinal pain prognosis.

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Electronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science up to 23 March 2023.

Reports estimating the effect of sedentary behaviour on spinal pain in young people (≤19 years).

We included 129 reports, 14 were longitudinal (n = 8 433) and 115 were cross-sectional (n > 697 590). We incorporated 86 studies into meta-analyses. (1) From cross-sectional data, we found low certainty evidence of a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), k = 44, n > 92 617). (2) From longitudinal data, we found low certainty evidence of no increased risk for the onset of spinal pain due to sedentary behaviour (adjusted risk ratio 1.07 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.35), k = 4, n = 1 292). (3) No studies assessed prognosis.

Cross-sectional data suggest minimally higher odds of spinal pain for children and adolescents who engage in greater sedentary behaviours. However, longitudinal data do not support a causal relationship, indicating that sedentary behaviour does not increase the risk for onset of spinal pain. Due to the low certainty of evidence, these findings must be interpreted with caution. We found no evidence of the effect sedentary behaviour has on spinal pain prognosis in children and adolescents, highlighting a considerable gap in the literature.

To analyze the associations of different types and contexts of sedentary behavior during mid-adolescence (14 years) with later psychological distress (at 17 years).

The data include 3,675 adolescents from the Millennium Cohort Study. During mid-adolescence, participants completed a time-use diary reporting time in different sedentary activities, which were also categorized into broader contexts (i.e., Leisure-based screen-time, leisure-based nonscreen time, and educational sedentary behavior). Participants reported psychological distress at the 17-year wave, through the Kessler scale. Gender, parent's education, family net income, parent's psychological distress, body mass index, physical activity, total sedentary time (time-use diary), depressive symptoms, and bullying victimization, all assessed during mid-adolescence, were used as covariates. Interaction terms were included to assess the effect-modification of gender.

Increasing 1 hour of playing video games, reading for leisure and total leisure-based screen-time was prospectively associated with a 3% (risk ratio: 1.03; 1.01-1.04), 5% (1.05; 1.01-1.08) and 2% (1.02; 1.01-1.03) higher psychological distress respectively. Only the groups with more than 180 min/day of leisure-based screen time were associated with higher psychological distress (180-300 min/day: 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.17. 300+ min/d: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.23). Similarly, only higher levels of reading for leisure and playing video games were associated with higher psychological distress. Moderate (60-119 min) durations of homework (0.92; 0.86-0.99) and higher durations attending class (0.94; 0.89-0.99) were associated with lower psychological distress. There were only minor gender interactions.

Among adolescents, the association between sedentary behavior and psychological distress is domain-dependent. Future interventions should focus on reducing leisure-time screen-based behaviors to less than 3 h/day.

Background: Lifestyle medicine utilizes therapeutic interventions to prevent, treat, and reverse chronic diseases by promoting healthy habits. While extensively studied in adults, its application in pediatrics remains underexplored. Given that many chronic diseases originate in early life, establishing the foundations of Pediatric Lifestyle Medicine is essential. Methods: This paper presents a comprehensive literature review and clinical insights to assess the evidence supporting Pediatric Lifestyle Medicine and provide age-appropriate, evidence-based guidelines for children and adolescents. Results: Pediatric Lifestyle Medicine is an evidence-based healthcare discipline focused on promoting and maintaining children's health by encouraging healthy habits from an early age. This approach prevents chronic diseases, supports physical and emotional well-being, and fosters long-term quality of life. Findings show that applying its principles in childhood can prevent obesity, improve mental health, and aid in disease management, while also reducing the risk of adult-onset conditions and benefiting planetary health. Pediatric Lifestyle Medicine is based on six pillars: preventive nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress management, positive social connections, and risk prevention, the last of which includes toxin avoidance and other childhood-specific risks, such as accident prevention and screen overuse. Conclusions: Pediatric Lifestyle Medicine provides a cost-effective, evidence-based framework for improving childhood health and preventing chronic conditions. Integrating these principles into pediatric care can foster lifelong health benefits, emphasizing the need for further research and implementation in medical education.

The aims of the present study were: (1) to examine the association between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and depressive symptoms among U.S. adolescents; (2) to analyze the temporal trends of this association; and (3) to test whether sex, age, or race/ethnicity moderate these associations. This is a cross-sectional study using repeated data collection from the high school Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS), involving 45,297 adolescents in the US (49.7% females). Data were collected bi-annually between 2011 and 2021. These surveys represent cross-sectional snapshots rather than a longitudinal study, capturing data at distinct points in time across multiple years. The three 24-h movement guidelines, including guidelines for physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were assessed by self-reported questions. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the question "During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing your usual activities?" with yes/no answer options. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was employed to gauge the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines (exposure) and the likelihood of having depressive symptoms (outcome). The year of data collection was included as a random intercept in the mixed-effects model to account for potential variations in depressive symptoms across different time points. The model was further adjusted for covariates, including sex, age, race/ethnicity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, school bullying, cyberbullying, and excess weight. Adolescents meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) had the lowest probability of depressive symptoms (21.3%, 95% CI 17.3-25.3%) compared to those meeting none (37.6%, 95% CI 33.4-41.8%). Significant protective effects were observed across all adherence levels (p < 0.05). Over the 2011-2021 period, adherence remained consistently associated with reduced depressive symptoms, with the strongest effects seen in 2019 and 2021. Younger adolescents, males, and White individuals showed the greatest benefits, while females, older adolescents, Black, Hispanic/Latino, and individuals from other racial/ethnic groups exhibited weaker protective effects despite adherence. Findings from the present study highlight the importance of encouraging adherence to 24-h movement guidelines as a potential strategy to reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents. Notably, the protective effects of adherence varied across sociodemographic groups, with younger adolescents, females, and White individuals experiencing the greatest benefits.

The relationship between leisure sedentary behaviors and mental health remains inconclusive. This study aims to provide evidence on leisure sedentary behaviors on mental health using longitudinal data, along with its moderating and mediating roles.

We utilized data from four waves (2006-2015) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), focusing on adults who completed their education, with a total sample of 23,693 observations. Leisure sedentary time, the independent variable, was measured based on self-reported data, while mental health issues were the dependent variables based on the Simplified Symptom Self-Rating Scale (SCL) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The primary analysis employed ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Potential endogeneity was addressed by instrumental variable (IV) method via two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression and a continuous difference-in-differences (DID) design.

Our findings indicate that high levels of sedentary time are associated adversely with mental health issues. Moderating roles show that improving health literacy and reducing sedentary time were effective in alleviating this adverse impact. Among older adults, social engagement and support from female caregivers showed greater potential to reduce the detrimental mental health impact of leisure sedentary time. Furthermore, obesity serve as its mediating role.

This study highlights the potential adverse impact of increased leisure sedentary time on mental health among Chinese population. These results provide a foundation for public health initiatives aimed at addressing the rising prevalence of sedentary behavior and its association with mental health issues.

Depression is highly prevalent among college students, posing a significant public health challenge. Identifying key predictors of depression is essential for developing effective interventions. This study aimed to analyze potential depression risk factors among Chinese college students using the Random Forest Algorithm (RFA) and to explore gender differences in risk patterns.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 10,043 undergraduate students from Guizhou Normal University. Thirty-three variables were analyzed using RFA. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with a score of ≥ 16 indicating depression risk. The variables included sociodemographic characteristics, physical and psychological health indicators, behavioral and lifestyle factors, socioeconomic conditions, and family mental health history.

The RFA identified several factors associated with depression risk, with suicidal ideation, anxiety, and sleep quality exhibiting the strongest associations. Other significant predictors included academic stress, BMI, vital capacity, psychological resilience, physical fitness test scores, major satisfaction, and social network use. The model achieved an accuracy of 87.5% and an AUC of 0.927. Gender-stratified analysis suggested different patterns: physical fitness indicators showed stronger associations with depression risk among male students, while BMI was more strongly associated with depression risk among female students.

This cross-sectional study identified factors associated with depression risk among Chinese college students, with psychological factors showing the strongest associations. Gender-specific patterns were observed, suggesting the importance of considering gender differences when developing mental health interventions. However, longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships and validate these findings through intervention trials.

Menstruation is a physiological process that may be accompanied by pain, headache, edema, emotional changes, and other symptoms, all of which affect quality of life. Although the results of some studies indicate lifestyle habits can affect the menstrual cycle and associated symptoms, few have investigated this issue, and even fewer have explored the impact of these symptoms on quality of life, in Spanish women.

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among students at a Spanish university, assess the impact of these conditions on quality of life, and analyze the relationship among lifestyle habits, dysmenorrhea, and PMS.

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 743 women enrolled at the University of Extremadura in the 2021-2022 academic year. Data related to the menstrual cycle, pain, and PMS-related physical and emotional symptoms were collected. Quality of life related to menstruation was evaluated using the CVM-22 scale. Lifestyle data collected included adherence to a Mediterranean diet (PREDIMED [Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea] questionnaire), level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and alcohol and tobacco consumption (Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test Version 3). Also, other clinical data were recorded.

In terms of the sample, the median age was 21 (19-23) years, the prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 57.9%, 92.7% reported premenstrual physical symptoms, and 55.6% reported experiencing premenstrual emotional changes. Having a low level of adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with the presence of dysmenorrhea, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.47 (95% CI [1.06, 2.03]). Having a low level of physical activity was strongly associated with the presence of premenstrual physical symptoms, with an aOR of 5.89 (95% CI [1.71, 20.26]). Also, an association was found between tobacco use and premenstrual emotional changes, with an aOR of 2.02 (95% CI [1.25, 3.25]). Furthermore, dysmenorrhea and PMS were both associated with a low quality of life, with pain and emotional changes being the most significantly associated factors, with ORs of 16.25 (95% CI [10.36, 25.47]) and 26.73 (95% CI [16.46, 43.40]), respectively.

Similar to previous studies, the findings of this study indicate a high prevalence of dysmenorrhea and PMS among young university students in western Spain, with both of these symptoms impacting quality of life significantly and negatively. In addition, lifestyle habits, diet, physical activity, and tobacco use seem to influence the occurrence of these symptoms. Promoting lifestyle changes may be an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of dysmenorrhea and PMS and improve the quality of life of young women.

Despite the recent rise in depressive symptoms among adolescents, trends in at-risk groups remain poorly understood. This study estimated national trends in depressive symptoms among high school students with and without health-risk behaviors.

Data were analyzed from the 2007 to 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a biennial cross-sectional survey of US high school students (n = 119,654). Depressive symptoms were defined as past-year feelings of sadness/hopelessness almost every day for ≥2 weeks impacting usual activities. 24 health-risk behaviors across five categories (violence, substance use, sexual, physical/sedentary, and weight-related) were considered. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression identified health-risk behaviors independently associated with depressive symptoms. National trends in depressive symptoms among students with and without these health-risk behaviors were estimated. National trends in health-risk behaviors were also estimated among those with depressive symptoms.

Among 119,654 students (mean age, 16.0 [SD = 1.2] years; 50.1% females; and 45.3% non-Hispanic White), depressive symptoms increased from 28.4% (2007) to 42.3% (2021) (biennial average percent change (BAPC), 3.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.6-3.4%]). The largest increases occurred among females (BAPC, 3.3% [2.9-3.8%]) and non-Hispanic White students (BAPC, 3.6% [3.0-4.1%]). Depressive symptoms increased more among students engaging in ≤1 risk category (BAPC = 4.6% [3.6-5.7%]) than students engaging in 4-5 risk categories (BAPC = 2.9% [2.4-3.3%]) (interaction, p = 0.037) and there was a general trend toward decreasing engagement in risk behaviors among students with depressive symptoms. In subgroup analyses, there was a disproportionately large increase in depressive symptoms among students reporting cannabis use, high-risk screen time, shorter sleep hours, and unhealthy weight perception.

Depressive symptoms increased faster among high school students without than with multiple behavioral risk factors. A broadening of the depression risk profile underscores the potential value of universal depression screening to identify students who may otherwise go undetected by targeted screening.

The study was not funded.

Population-levels of physical activity have remained stagnant for years. Previous approaches to modify behaviour have broadly neglected the importance of whole-systems approaches. Our research aimed to (i) understand, (ii) map, (iii) identify the leverage points, and (iv) develop solutions surrounding participation in physical activity across an English rural county.

A systems-consortium of partners from regional and local government, charities, providers, deliverers, advocacy groups, and health and social care, and public health engaged in our research, which consisted of two-phases. Within Phase 1, we used secondary data, insight-work, a narrative review, participatory workshops, and interviews in a pluralistic style to map the system-representing physical activity. Phase 2 began with an initial analysis using markers from social network analysis and the Action Scales Model. This analysis informed a participatory workshop, to identify leverage points, and develop solutions for change within the county.

The systems-map is constructed from biological, financial, and psychological individual factors, interpersonal factors, systems partners, built, natural and social environmental factors, and policy and structural factors. Our initial analysis found 13 leverage points to review within our participatory workshop. When appraised by the group, (i) local governing policies, (ii) shared policies, strategies, vision, and working relationships, (iii) shared facilities (school, sport, community, recreation), and (iv) funding were deemed most important to change. Within group discussions, participants stressed the importance and challenges associated with shared working relationships, a collective vision, and strategy, the role of funding, and management of resources. Actions to leverage change included raising awareness with partners beyond the system, sharing policies, resources, insight, evidence, and capacity, and collaborating to co-produce a collective vision and strategy.

Our findings highlight the importance and provide insight into the early phase of a whole-systems approach to promoting physical activity. Our whole-systems approach within Suffolk needs to consider methods to (i) grow and maintain the systems-consortium, (ii) create a sustainable means to map the system and identify leverage points within it, and (iii) monitor and evaluate change.

Physical inactivity is a global health challenge, exacerbated by increased screen time and sedentary behaviors. Enhancing physical activity levels at schools offers a promising approach to promote lifelong healthy habits.

This protocol paper outlines the MOVE12 pilot study, a 12-week intervention study designed to increase physical activity among Norwegian upper secondary school students through 6-7-min daily MOVE-breaks integrated into lessons. Developed using the six-phase Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol, grounded in the social-ecological model and self-determination theory, the intervention focuses on fostering motivation and creating a supportive environment. Key steps include needs assessment, performance objectives, theoretical methods, and program structuring for sustainability.

Linear mixed models, t-tests, and regression analyses will evaluate quantitative outcomes, while qualitative focus groups will explore engagement and behavior change.

MOVE12 provides insights into scalable school-based interventions addressing physical inactivity, highlighting the potential of the IM framework to establish sustainable health promotion strategies.

More screen time (ST) is associated with dysregulation of the individual biological systems (cardiovascular, immune, metabolic, and neuroendocrine) involved in the stress response in youth. However, its relationship with allostatic load (AL), a measure of the cumulative physiological stress response, is unclear in youth.

To investigate the associations between ST types and AL outcomes in youth and to explore sociodemographic and behavioral moderators of these relationships.

Cross-sectional data were from 1053 US youth aged 12-17 years (Mage = 14.20; 54% male; 21% Hispanic) in the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ST was assessed as watching TV/videos and computer use/playing computer games. AL was measured using 7 biomarkers across 3 systems: cardiovascular (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate), immune (C-reactive protein), and metabolic (body mass index, glycohemoglobin, and high-density lipoprotein). Weighted multivariable regression models assessed whether ST predicted AL composite and subsystem (cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic) scores. Moderation by age, sex, income, race/ethnicity, and physical activity was explored.

A 1-hour/day increase in watching TV/videos was associated with a 4% increase in mean AL composite score (incident rate ratio = 1.040; 95% CI = 1.008, 1.073; P = .015), while computer use/gaming showed no significant associations (P's > .05). Age moderated the TV/videos-AL cardiovascular association (P = .009), with older youth having higher AL cardiovascular scores.

More time spent watching TV/videos was associated with higher cumulative physiological stress in youth. Prospective studies are needed to determine causal pathways and potential intervention targets in youth.

This study aimed to assess the psychological health status of children aged 3-7 years in Wuxi and analyze the correlation between dietary behaviors, lifestyle, and psychological problems.

Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 3-7-year-old children from 18 kindergartens across Wuxi were selected as the survey subjects. An online survey was conducted to collect demographic information about children and their parents, dietary information, lifestyle data, and family backgrounds. Psychological assessments were conducted using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

A total of 3727 preschool children were included. The average SDQ score was 16.12 ± 4.00, with an abnormal rate of 40.81% (1521/3727). After adjusting for various confounding factors, logistic regression analysis indicated that low dietary diversity (OR = 1.299, 95% CI: 1.131-1.492), daily consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR = 1.202, 95% CI: 1.051-1.376), picky eating behavior or ideas occurring more than twice per week (OR = 1.405, 95% CI: 1.227-1.608), engaging in other activities while eating (such as watching TV or playing with toys) more than twice per week (OR = 1.742, 95% CI: 1.510-2.011), lack of a fixed dining position (OR = 1.222, 95% CI: 1.012-1.476), daily screen time exceeding 1 h (OR = 1.353, 95% CI: 1.152-1.590), and daily sleep duration of less than 9 h or more than 13 h (OR = 1.535, 95% CI: 1.262-1.866) were risk factors for psychological problems.

The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing insufficient dietary diversity, distracted eating, excessive screen time, and unhealthy sleep habits to improve the psychological well-being of preschool children. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of tailored health and lifestyle interventions for children and their families to mitigate these risks.

Different types of sedentary behavior are associated with several health outcomes, but the causality of these associations remains unclear.

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies investigating the associations between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes.

A systematic search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO up to August 2023 was conducted to identify eligible MR studies. We selected studies that assessed associations of genetically determined sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the causal associations when two or more MR studies were available. We graded the evidence level of each MR association based on the results of the main method and sensitivity analyses in MR studies.

A total of 31 studies with 168 MR associations between six types of sedentary behavior and 47 health outcomes were included. Results from meta-analyses suggested a total of 47 significant causal associations between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. Notably, more leisure TV watching is robustly correlated with increased risks of myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, all-cause ischemic stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, robust inverse associations were observed between leisure computer use and risks of rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

These findings suggest that different types of sedentary behavior have distinct causal effects on health outcomes. Therefore, interventions should focus not only on reducing sedentary time but also on promoting healthier types of sedentary behavior.

CRD42023453828.

Ubiquitous car ownership may affect children's activity and health. We assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between household car ownership and children's daily time spent sedentary (SED) and in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Pooled cohort data were from the International Children's Accelerometry Database. Outcome measures were average daily accelerometer-measured SED and MVPA (in minutes per day). Exposures were household car ownership (none, 1, and ≥2) and change in car ownership. Associations were examined using multivariable mixed-effects linear regression.

Mean age of participants (N = 4193) was 10.4 years (SD = 2.0), 53.4% were girls, and mean follow-up duration (N = 1333) was 3.3 years (SD = 1.1). Cross-sectionally, household car ownership was associated with higher SED (vs none: 1 car: β = 14.1 min/d, 95% CI, 6.7-21.5; ≥2 cars: 12.8, 95% CI, 5.3-20.4) and lower MVPA (vs none: 1 car: β = -8.8, 95% CI, -11.9 to -5.7; ≥2 cars: β = -8.8, 95% CI, -12.0 to -5.7). Associations were stronger in boys than girls and in children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds (SED only). Prospectively, there were no associations with increased car ownership. Reductions in household car ownership (of which 93.1% had ≥ 2 cars at baseline) were associated with a greater reduction in MVPA (vs no change: β = -8.4, 95% CI, -13.9 to -3.0) but not SED.

Children in households with car access were more SED and less active than those without. Losing access to a second car was associated with greater decreases in MVPA, potentially related to losing access to activity-enabling environments. Reducing car access and use are important public health targets (eg, reducing air pollution), but their potential impact on children's activity opportunities should be mitigated.

Few studies have shown that relatively younger children and adolescents (those born later in the same school year) were less likely to engage in physical activity in a phenomenon termed the relative age effect. Although these studies mainly targeted elementary and middle school students, no study has reported on the relative age effect on physical activity in ordinary high school students. Moreover, the relative age effect on sedentary behavior might show an opposite association with physical activity. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the relative age effects on physical activity and sedentary behavior across different school stages in Japanese children and adolescents.

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 21,491 children and adolescents (elementary, middle, and high school students aged 10-18 years) in various Japanese regions from January 2018 to July 2019. Overall, 18,281 children and adolescents (10,299 boys and 7,982 girls) were finally included in our analysis. Data on the birth month, frequency and duration of their physical activity (vigorous, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity), and sedentary behavior (weekday and weekend total sedentary time, television viewing, playing video games, and Internet use) were obtained. We utilized two-part model regression analyses. Statistically significant association with birth month indicated that a relative age effect was observed.

The relatively younger individuals were less likely to engage in physical activity (especially vigorous physical activity (VPA)); this association was observed in middle and high school students. Conversely, the relatively younger boys spent more time during weekends with sedentary behaviors and Internet use. Based on school stage, the relative age effect on VPA time was observed in middle school boys (average margin effect (AME) = -0.74, p < 0.01) and high school students (boys: AME = -0.69, p < 0.01; girls: AME = -0.53, p < 0.05). The relative age effect on sedentary behavior was observed during weekends with sedentary behaviors (AME = 3.55, p < 0.01), playing video games (AME = 0.72, p < 0.05) and Internet use (AME = 2.46, p < 0.01) for male high school students and on television viewing (AME = 1.12, p < 0.05) for female middle school students.

The relative age effect on physical activity can persist after middle school, and the relatively younger individuals are more likely to replace physical activity with sedentary behavior.

The movement behaviors of LGBTQA+ young people, who encounter specific health, and other, challenges are not well understood. This systematic review examines the 24-hour movement behaviors of LGBTQA+ young people compared with population estimates of meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines.

Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2024. Observational studies published in English and reporting quantitative data for physical activity, sedentary behavior, or sleep duration for LGBTQA+ individuals <24 years old were included. Data were narratively synthesized for children/adolescents (<18 years) and young adults (18-24 years), guided by the Cochrane Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines.

Fifty-six studies were included; 46 were of "fair" quality and 37 were conducted in the United States. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep outcomes were reported in 46, 11, and 14 studies, respectively. Ninety unique LGBTQA+ terms were identified. Based on outcomes reported in ≥1 study, and compared to population estimates, LGBTQA+ young people were less likely to meet aerobic physical activity and strength/resistance training guidelines. LGBTQA+ children/adolescents were less likely to meet the sleep guidelines. Young adults demonstrated similar adherence to sleep guidelines as population estimates.

Overall, our results suggest that LGBTQA+ young people have suboptimal 24-hour movement behaviors; in some cases, worse than population estimates. Utilization of more robust measures of exposure and outcome variables is recommended, with a focus on sleep and sedentary behavior.

Menopause presents a period of heightened vulnerability for mental health issues. Despite this, mental health screening is not consistently integrated into menopausal health care, and access to psychological interventions is limited. Digital technologies, such as web and smartphone apps, may offer a way to facilitate and improve mental health care provision throughout menopause. However, little is known about potential users' intention to use such technologies during this critical phase of life.

To examine the factors that impact the intention of potential users to use a mental health app during menopause, we used the Health Belief Model (HBM), a psychological framework widely used to understand and predict individuals' health-related behaviors.

An online survey was generated. Convenience sampling was used, with participants recruited via social media and email, through relevant foundations and support groups, and by word of mouth. Structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation was conducted to explore whether the factor structure of the HBM is a good fit for predicting the intention to use a mental health app for menopause. A Cronbach α value of .05 was used for determining statistical significance.

A total of 1154 participants commenced the survey, of which 82.49% (n=952) completed at least 97% of the survey. Of these, 86.76% (n=826) expressed that their menopausal symptoms had negatively affected their mental health, and went on to answer questions regarding their experiences and interest in using a web or smartphone app for mental health symptoms related to menopause. Data from this subgroup (N=826) were analyzed. In total, 74.09% (n=612) of respondents sought online help for mental health symptoms related to menopause. The most common topics searched for were symptom characteristics (n=435, 52.66%) and treatment or therapy options (n=210, 25.42%). Psychoeducation (n=514, 62.23%) was the most desired mental health app feature, followed by symptom tracking (n=499, 60.41%) and self-help tips (n=469, 56.78%). In terms of the intention to use a mental health app, the Satorra-Bentler-scaled fit statistics indicated a good fit for the model (χ2278=790.44, P<.001; comparative fit index=0.933, root mean square error of approximation=0.047, standardized root mean square residual=0.056), with cues to action emerging as the most significant predictor of intention (β=.48, P<.001). This was followed by perceived barriers (β=-.25, P<.001), perceived susceptibility (β=.15, P<.001), and perceived benefits (β=.13, P<.001). Perceived severity (β=.01, P=.869) and self-efficacy (β=.03, P=.286) were not significantly associated with behavioral intention.

This study reveals important factors that influence the intention to use a mental health app during menopause. It emphasizes the need to address barriers to app usage, while highlighting the impact of credible endorsements and psychoeducation. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of improving accessibility for users with lower digital literacy or limited resources.

Despite the ubiquity of adolescent screen use, there are limited longitudinal studies that examine the prospective relationships between screen time and child behavioral problems in a large, diverse nationwide sample of adolescents in the United States, which was the objective of the current study.

We analyzed cohort data of 9,538 adolescents (9-10 years at baseline in 2016-2018) with two years of follow-up from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We used mixed-effects models to analyze associations between baseline self-reported screen time and parent-reported mental health symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist, with random effects adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, household income, parent education, and study site. We tested for effect modification by sex and race/ethnicity.

The sample was 48.8% female and racially/ethnically diverse (47.6% racial/ethnic minority). Higher total screen time was associated with all mental health symptoms in adjusted models, and the association was strongest for depressive (B = 0.10, 95% CI 0.06, 0.13, p < 0.001), conduct (B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.03, 0.10, p < 0.001), somatic (B = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.11, p = 0.026), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (B = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.10, p = 0.013). The specific screen types with the greatest associations with depressive symptoms included video chat, texting, videos, and video games. The association between screen time and depressive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and oppositional defiant symptoms was stronger among White compared to Black adolescents. The association between screen time and depressive symptoms was stronger among White compared to Asian adolescents.

Screen time is prospectively associated with a range of mental health symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, though effect sizes are small. Video chat, texting, videos, and video games were the screen types with the greatest associations with depressive symptoms. Future research should examine potential mechanisms linking screen use with child behavior problems.

Higher sedentary behavior (SB) and lower physical activity (PA) are associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. SB and PA can be objectively assessed using inertial sensors to evaluate body movements. This study aimed to quantify the association between instrumented measures of SB (i-SB) and PA (i-PA) and depression among children and adolescents using a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

An electronic search was conducted on six databases up to May 12, 2024. A dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association between i-SB and i-PA and depression, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Five cross-sectional and 11 longitudinal studies comprising 26,109 participants met the inclusion criteria. Comparing the most sedentary with the least sedentary groups of participants resulted in a pooled ORs of 1.05 (95% CI 0.94-1.16). Comparing the least active with the most active groups of participants resulted in pooled ORs of 0.93 (95% CI 0.84-1.07), 0.89 (95% CI 0.79-1.00), 0.83 (95% CI 0.66-0.99), and 0.73 (95% CI 0.58-0.89) for light, moderate-to-vigorous (MV), vigorous, and total PA, respectively. Robust error meta-regression analyses showed clear dose-response relationships between i-SB and i-MVPA and depression.

Both i-SB and i-PA were significantly associated with risk of depression in children and adolescents, which may become non-significant after mutual adjustment for i-PA and i-SB.

[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=546666], identifier [CRD42024546666].

Mental disorders among young adults are a major health challenge. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has in previous research shown positive effects on mental health. However, research evaluating MBSR for young adults with mental disorders is insufficient and qualitative research exploring experiences of the programme is scarce. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of MBSR as a supplementary treatment in psychiatric outpatient care among young adults with moderate to severe mental disorders, from a short- and long-term perspective.

Eleven young adults (aged 18-27 years) who had participated in an MBSR programme were interviewed approximately three months or two years later. The analytic method was Grounded Theory.

The analysis resulted in a theoretical model including one core category and five categories. The model illustrated a learning process, explaining the participants' short- and long-term experiences of learning to pay attention to the body, regulate emotions, a change of attitude towards oneself, and still using skills two years after the programme.

The MBSR programme was experienced as a learning process which improved the longstanding ability to cope with emotional stress in daily life. Tailoring MBSR to individual needs may further enhance its effectiveness.

The experienced short- and long-term health-promotion benefits of an MBSR programme among young adults with mental disorders support its implementation in psychiatric and primary health care. Future research should investigate how to optimise implementation and tailor to individual needs.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which effective therapies are currently lacking. Studies suggest that increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing leisure sedentary behavior (LSB) mitigate the progression of HD, but their causal relationship with the age at onset (AAO) of HD remains uncertain. To investigate this, we conducted the Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR).

Exposure were retrieved from the UK BioBank's (UKB) Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). PA included accelerometer-based average PA, vigorous PA, self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and light do-it-yourself activity. LSB included television (TV) time, computer time, and driving time. Outcome came from the GWAS of the GEM-HD Consortium. We applied several MR methods such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median (WM) for sensitivity analysis.

Increases in light PA (β = 8.53 years, 95 % CI = 10.64 to 44.09, P = 0.001) and accelerometer-based vigorous PA (β = 5.18, 95 % CI = 0.92 to 9.43, P = 0.017) delayed AAO of HD, while longer TV time was associated with earlier AAO of HD (β = -2.88 years, 95 % CI = -4.99 to -0.77, P = 0.007). However, other PA and LSB phenotypes did not significantly affect AAO of HD.

The study revealed a unidirectional causality between PA, LSB and the AAO of HD. Increasing PA and reducing TV time delay HD onset. Therefore, we recommend increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior to delay the occurrence of motor symptoms for premanifest HD individuals.

Although physical exercise has been recommended as a useful means of enhancing the mental health of adolescents, the exact mechanisms through which physical exercise plays a role are unclear. Both physical exercise and mental health are complex concepts with multiple facets, and traditional methods may constrain the manifestations of their mapping relationships. This research aimed to find the bridging connections between physical exercise and mental health. Mental health and physical exercise behaviors were assessed using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and the Adolescent Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A) in 9072 Chinese adolescents, respectively. Network analysis was utilized to construct the mental health-physical exercise network and to analyze the relationships between individual physical exercise behaviors and mental health symptoms. Core and bridging nodes were identified based on expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence (BEI). Gender differences were also examined. The results revealed specific and distinct pathways between physical exercise and mental health (e.g., winter sports-obsessive-compulsive symptoms, winter sports-phobia). For both males and females, anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, ball sports, and evening activity were the most central symptoms/behaviors, reflecting their relative significance in their respective associations. The nodes with the highest BEI were obsessive-compulsive symptoms and physical education, showing negative associations with nodes in the other community. Furthermore, in the male group, somatization and winter sports stood out as the most positive bridge nodes. Conversely, in the female group, interpersonal sensitivity and sports games were the most positive bridge nodes. These findings illuminate the pathways linking physical exercise and mental health, supporting the implementation of physical exercise in a more elaborate way.

The family plays an immensely crucial role in the development of adolescents, significantly influencing their behavioral patterns. To explore the impact mechanism of the family physical activity environment on adolescents' exercise adherence, and analyze the chain-mediating role of exercise self-efficacy and exercise satisfaction. A questionnaire was administered to 500 adolescents and their parents using the Family Physical Activity Environment Scale, Exercise Adherence Scale, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and Satisfaction Scale. The direct impact value of the family physical activity environment on adolescents' exercise adherence is 0.148, with an effect size of 32.81%. The impact values of exercise self-efficacy and satisfaction between the family physical activity environment and adolescents' exercise adherence are 0.113 and 0.092 respectively, with effect sizes of 25.05% and 20.39%. The chain-mediating effect of exercise self-efficacy and satisfaction is significant, with an effect value of 0.097 and an effect size of 21.50%. Family physical activity environment can directly and positively predict adolescents' exercise adherence, positively predict adolescents' exercise adherence through the independent mediating role of exercise self-efficacy and satisfaction, and also positively predict adolescents' exercise adherence through the chain mediating role of exercise self-efficacy and satisfaction. This provides a theoretical reference for enhancing adolescents' exercise adherence and improving their levels of physical health.

To examine the associations between self-reported screen time and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 982 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years, enrolled in public schools in Jacarezinho (PR), Brazil. Screen time was assessed by the question "Considering a typical day, how much time do you spend watching TV, playing videogame, using computer or smartphone?" The DASS-21 questionnaire (short form) was used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Crude and adjusted analyses (age, sex, and maternal level of education) between screen time and mental disorders symptoms were performed using general linear regression models, with Poisson distribution, with significance level at p<0.05.

Higher depressive symptoms were observed in adolescents who reported screen time of 4-6 hours/day (PR 1.35, 95%CI 1.13-1.61) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.88, 95%CI 1.62-2.19), compared with their pairs with <2 hours/day. The same was observed for anxiety symptoms with screen time of 4-6 hours/day (PR 1.23, 95%CI 1.04-1.46) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.50, 95%CI 1.28-1.77); and stress, with 4-6 hours/day (PR 1.25, 95%CI 1.08-1.44) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.49, 95%CI 1.30-1.71), also compared with their pairs with <2 hours/day.

Screen time was positively associated with depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescents. Special attention should be given to those who spend more than four hours a day in front of a screen.

We present the findings from a pilot study to evaluate the effects of a six-week adapted folk-dance intervention on physical and mental health for at-risk adolescents conducted in schools. At-risk adolescents are at particular risk for sedentary behavior, poor mental health, and lower quality of life, and are likely to benefit from motivating and health-promoting activities such as dance. However, it can be challenging to conduct and evaluate evidence-based interventions with this population. We conducted a convergent parallel mixed-method design using pre-post measures of mental well-being, as well as pre-post measures using inertial measurement units to assess physical activity during a 6-week adapted folk-dance intervention. At the completion of the study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with all stakeholder groups. We observed significant improvements in mental well-being, as indicated by increased WEMWBS and MHC-SF scores, while the UCLA score showed no significant change, with these outcomes independent of age and gender. Furthermore, at-risk adolescents reduced the time spent in stationary/resting position, while their heart rates were also reduced by ∼15% in such conditions. Our results suggest that at-risk youth who participated in adapted folk-dance became more enthusiastic and showed more willingness to move over the course of the intervention. Quantitative results were supported by interviews, which found that participants responded positively to the adapted folk-dance classes, and reported both elevated physical exertion and high levels of enjoyment. The mixed-method research design also provided insights into the suitability of data collection methods for this hard-to-reach population. We report on these outcomes, including best practices for working within schools on health-promoting physical activities.

The increased trends in psychological distress and mental illness have been of great significance in public health concerns. The study aimed to investigate the proportion and correlates of meeting 24-h movement guidelines (including moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time and sleep duration) and the associations between 24-h movement guidelines met and mental well-being and psychological distress in a large sample of Chinese students.

All participants received a physical examination and filled out questionnaires in this study. Chi-square tests were used to analyse the proportion of reaching 24-h guidelines by gender and logistic regression was used to analyse correlates of meeting 24-h guidelines. Two binary logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between meeting 24-h guidelines and mental well-being and psychological distress. The back-propagation artificial neural network was used to describe the importance of the independent variables.

The findings revealed a generally low rate of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines, particularly concerning moderate to vigorous physical activity (16.5%). Meeting all three guidelines was related to better mental health in both boys and girls. Particularly, meeting screen time guideline and meeting sleep duration guideline appeared to be more important on mental outcomes, compared to meeting moderate to vigorous physical activity guideline. Compared with boys, girls were more susceptible to the influences of 24-h movement guidelines on mental health.

Meeting all three components of the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with the most favourable mental health outcomes for both boys and girls. Thus, maintaining a daily balance of sufficient physical activity, limited screen time, and adequate sleep is crucial for enhancing the mental health status of students.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to explore the effects of sedentary behavior on the brain functional connectivity characteristics of college students in the resting state after recovering from Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Twenty-two college students with sedentary behavior and 22 college students with sedentary behavior and maintenance of exercise habits were included in the analysis; moreover, 8 ​min fNIRS resting-state data were collected. Based on the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) in the time series, the resting-state functional connection strength of the two groups of subjects, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the lower limb supplementary motor area (LS), as well as the functional activity and functional connections of the primary motor cortex (M1) were calculated. The following findings were demonstrated. (1) Functional connection analysis based on HbO2 demonstrated that in the comparison of the mean functional connection strength of homologous regions of interest (ROIs) between the sedentary group and the exercise group, there was no significant difference in the mean functional strength of the ROIs between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ). In the comparison of the mean functional connection strengths of the two groups of heterologous ROIs, the functional connection strengths of the right PFC and the right LS ( p = 0.009 7 ), the left LS ( p = 0.012 7 ), and the right M1 ( p = 0.030 5 ) in the sedentary group were significantly greater. The functional connection strength between the left PFC and the right LS ( p = 0.031 2 ) and the left LS ( p = 0.037 0 ) was significantly greater. Additionally, the functional connection strength between the right LS and the right M1 ( p = 0.037 0 ) and the left LS ( p = 0.043 8 ) was significantly greater. (2) Functional connection analysis based on HbR demonstrated that there was no significant difference in functional connection strength between the sedentary group and the exercise group ( p > 0.05 ) or between the sedentary group and the exercise group ( p > 0.05 ). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the mean functional connection strength of the homologous and heterologous ROIs of the two groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the mean ROIs functional strength between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ). Experimental results and graphical analysis based on functional connectivity indicate that in this experiment, college student participants who exhibited sedentary behaviors showed an increase in fNIRS signals. Increase in fNIRS signals among college students exhibiting sedentary behaviors may be linked to their status post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and the sedentary context, potentially contributing to the strengthened functional connectivity in the resting-state cortical brain network. Conversely, the fNIRS signals decreased for the participants with exercise behaviors, who maintained reasonable exercise routines under the same conditions as their sedentary counterparts. The results may suggest that exercise behaviors have the potential to mitigate and reduce the impacts of sedentary behavior on the resting-state cortical brain network.

This study employed compositional data analysis to examine the association between 24-hour activity behaviours and emotional and behavioural problems among left-behind children (LBC).

Cross-sectional analysis.

The research used a cross-sectional approach to analyse data collected from LBC living in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, southern China, between February and May 2023.

A total of 275 LBC aged 9-15 years old were recruited.

The measurement of 24-hour activity behaviour, incorporating sleep, sedentary behaviour (SED), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), was accomplished using accelerometers. Emotional and behavioural problems were assessed through the application of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Compositional data analysis was used to evaluate the potential relationship between the composition of 24-hour activity and emotional and behavioural problems.

Changes in allocation, such as transferring time from SED to sleep and LPA, were associated with better internalising (β sleep=-0.53, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.46; β LPA=-0.46, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.38) and externalising problems (β sleep=-0.31, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.22; β LP =-0.23, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.13). Furthermore, reallocating time from LPA to MVPA was associated with reduced internalising problems (β=-0.40, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.12). Positive associations with prosocial behaviour were observed when the time was reallocated to MVPA from sleep (β=0.81, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.05), SED (β=0.75, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.99) and LPA (β=0.82, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.08).

The composition of 24-hour activity behaviours is correlated with emotional and behavioural problems in LBC. The findings indicate that redistributing time from SED to sleep and LPA is linked to improved internalisation and externalisation problem scores. Additionally, the substitution of MVPA for any other behaviours is positively associated with enhanced prosocial behaviours.

This study investigated the impact of structural isolation within peer relationships on physical activity levels among Korean adolescents, exploring how different types of social isolation within classroom networks influence physical activity.

This study utilized cross-sectional survey data. Specifically, using data from the 8th Korean Children and Youth Happiness Index survey (2016), which included 3356 middle and high school students in Korea, the study employed binary logistic regression and social network analysis to assess the relationship between social isolation and physical activity. Based on types of isolation, adolescents were categorized into social avoidant, actively isolated and socially indifferent groups.

The analysis demonstrated significant differences in physical activity based on social isolation status (χ2 = 13.0, p < 0.001) and types of social isolation (χ2 = 18.3, p < 0.001). Key variables such as gender, household subjective economic status, and self-rated health significantly influenced physical activity. The number of physically active friends had a considerable impact on both non-isolated groups (OR = 1.31, p < 0.001) and the actively isolated group (OR = 1.42, p < 0.05). The actively isolated group exhibited the highest explanatory power in the logistic regression models (Nagelkerke R² = 0.230).

This study has highlighted that not only social isolation but also the type of isolation significantly influences physical activity among adolescents. Understanding these distinctions and tailoring interventions accordingly are crucial for promoting physical activity among socially isolated adolescents.

The aim of the study was to investigate independent and joint associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with psychological distress. In this cross-sectional study, all participants underwent a physical examination and questionnaire survey, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and psychological distress. The rank-sum test was used to compare the distribution of psychological distress status among students with different characteristics, physical activity levels, and sedentary time. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the independent and joint association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and psychological distress, stratified by age. The results of the rank sum test and logistic regression showed that students with more sedentary behavior and less physical activity were associated with higher psychological distress generally, but physical activity may attenuate the psychological distress relevant to non-screen-based sedentary behavior on weekdays in middle and high school students and screen-based sedentary behavior on weekends in all participants.

Purpose: Mental health is critical for a healthy pregnancy, yet few studies have evaluated its associations with best practice, objectively measured moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behavior (SED). This study evaluated associations of MVPA and SED with mental health across pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Two cohort studies (total n = 125, mean [standard deviation] 31 [5] years, and 14.4% Black) measured MVPA (waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X) and SED (thigh-mounted activPAL) as well as self-reported depressive symptoms and mood disturbance in each trimester. Associations of group-based trajectories of MVPA and SED with depressive symptoms and mood disturbance were analyzed using regression analyses, both overall and by trimester. Results: Overall, the medium versus low trajectory of MVPA was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms (B = -1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.97 to -0.68). In the second trimester, women in either the medium or high MVPA trajectories had lower levels of depressive symptoms compared with women in the low MVPA trajectory (B = -8.73, 95% CI -15.74 to -1.71; and B = -2.18, 95% CI -3.80 to -0.56). SED trajectories were not associated with depressive symptoms. Higher trajectories of MVPA and lower trajectories of SED were associated with lower total mood disturbance, with significant associations in the second trimester for MVPA and the first and second trimesters for SED. Higher MVPA trajectories were associated with higher tension, fatigue, and confusion subscales, while higher SED trajectories were associated with higher anger and fatigue and lower esteem and vigor subscales. Conclusions: MVPA and SED levels appear to affect mental health during pregnancy, although larger prospective studies are warranted. Clinical Trail Registration Number: NCT03084302.

Emerging evidence suggests that screen-based activities are associated with self-harm and suicidal behaviors. This study aimed to examine these associations among young people through a meta-analysis. We systematically searched EBSCO pshyARTICLES, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science from their inception to April 1, 2022, and updated on May 1, 2024. Longitudinal studies reporting the association between various screen-based activities and subsequent self-harm and suicidal behaviors in young people aged 10 to 24 were included. Nineteen longitudinal studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 13 studies comprising 43,489 young people were included in the meta-analysis, revealing that total screen use is significantly associated with the risks of self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Cyberbullying victimization was also related to these adverse outcomes. Subgroup analyses indicated that social media use and problematic screen use are significant risk factors for self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and potential publication bias was deemed unlikely to affect the results significantly. These findings suggest that screen-based activities should be considered in the management and intervention strategies for self-harm and suicidal behaviors in young people.