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Hausmann LM, Seefeld L, Mojahed A, Mack JT, Garthus-Niegel S, Schellong J. Service preferences among postpartum women (non-)affected by different types of intimate partner violence: insights from the cross-sectional study INVITE. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:2. [PMID: 39748350 PMCID: PMC11694455 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women in the postpartum period are at greater risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), which may cause physical, sexual, or psychological harm and have a long-lasting negative impact on mother and child. Seeking help in case of IPV in the postpartum period can be difficult. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine service preferences among postpartum women in Germany (non-)affected by IPV. METHODS In the cross-sectional study INVITE, postpartum mothers (n = 3,509) were interviewed via telephone. Using the WHO-Violence Against Women Instrument (WHO-VAWI), women were divided into groups: non-affected women and women affected by psychological, physical, and/or sexual IPV. Using analyses of variance, group differences regarding preferred services and modes of service provision were assessed. Examined service domains were psychosocial services (e.g., women´s shelter or self-help groups), medical services (e.g., gynecologist or emergency room), and midwives. Modes of service provision included direct communication (e.g., in person or video conference) and indirect communication (e.g., chat or e-mail). RESULTS People from the women's social environment (e.g., family, friends) and specialized IPV services, such as women's shelters, were the most preferred support. Regarding service categories, women who experienced any type of IPV rated all three service domains less likely to be used than non-affected women. Most preferred provision mode was "in person". Women affected by physical and/or sexual IPV rated direct modes more negatively than non-affected women. However, there were no differences between (non-)affected women regarding indirect modes, such as e-mails or apps. DISCUSSION The present results indicate that services were rated less likely to be used by postpartum women affected by IPV. Potential barriers which lead to these ratings need to be investigated. Efforts should be made to increase awareness of IPV and the beneficial effects of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Hausmann
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lara Seefeld
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amera Mojahed
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Judith T Mack
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Julia Schellong
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Vowles KE, Robinson M, Armour C. Veterans in Northern Ireland: Evaluation of chronic pain experience, service type, and physical and mental health functioning. Br J Pain 2024:20494637241291954. [PMID: 39544408 PMCID: PMC11559513 DOI: 10.1177/20494637241291954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pain is common and associated with disruptions in quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial functioning. These issues are particularly pronounced in veterans, although data in this regard primarily come from the United States Veterans Affairs System, meaning less is known regarding veterans of other countries and regions. The present study evaluated veterans living in Northern Ireland (NI), a region with historic high rates of both chronic pain and psychosocial difficulties associated with the decades-long period of civil and military conflict preceding the 1999 armistice (the Good Friday Agreement). Unique to the Northern Ireland military operation was the initiation of Home Service battalions comprised of local recruits, a role with increased risk due to the conflict's nature and the fact that they were serving as a military and security presence in their home region. Methods A cross-sectional assessment of veterans living in Northern Ireland (N = 722) provided details of service type (Home Service vs other service), current health conditions (including chronic pain), and current psychosocial functioning (including physical and mental health QoL, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms). Results Findings indicated that those with chronic pain had worse QoL, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Those with chronic pain were also more likely to have served in the Home Services, be unemployed, and be receiving disability payment. Contrary to hypotheses, there was no interaction between chronic pain and service type. Conclusions These results extend previous work with veterans to the unique circumstances of a post-conflict military that engaged in operations within its own country and underscore the need for coordinated, efficacious interventions for co-morbid chronic pain and anxiety, depression, and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Vowles
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Pain Rehabilitation, Belfast Health and Social Care NHS Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Martin Robinson
- Research Centre for Stress, Trauma, & Related Conditions (STARC), School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chérie Armour
- Research Centre for Stress, Trauma, & Related Conditions (STARC), School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Richson BN, Zickgraf HF. Lifetime and current mental health based on avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder history versus other eating disorder history in the Healthy Minds Study. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1999-2005. [PMID: 38629627 PMCID: PMC11483228 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on psychiatric comorbidities associated with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) primarily compares ARFID versus anorexia nervosa (AN). Little is known about comorbidities associated with mixed ARFID/other eating disorder (ED) history or ARFID comorbidities relative to EDs beyond AN. This study assessed lifetime and current psychiatric factors in a large college sample with varying ED histories. METHOD Participants were United States students from the 2021/2022 Healthy Minds Study who endorsed lifetime professionally diagnosed EDs (N = 4657). Chi-square tests compared lifetime ED groups (ARFID, ARFID + Non-ARFID ED, Non-ARFID ED) on lifetime neurodevelopmental, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, trauma/stressor-related, and depressive disorder prevalence, and suicidality and counseling/therapy receipt. Multivariate analysis of variance evaluated current depressive, anxiety, and ED symptom differences. RESULTS Lifetime neurodevelopmental and anxiety disorders were less prevalent in "Lifetime Non-ARFID ED" than ARFID groups. Lifetime depressive, trauma/stressor-related, and obsessive-compulsive disorders were relatively more prevalent in "Lifetime ARFID + Non-ARFID ED." This group demonstrated relatively greater current depressive symptoms and past-year suicide attempts. Lifetime ARFID groups demonstrated relatively greater current anxiety. All groups differed on current ED symptoms. Effects were small. DISCUSSION Historical ARFID is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and historical/current anxiety. Mixed ARFID/non-ARFID ED history may indicate increased propensity toward varied psychopathology. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study replicated findings that ARFID is associated with neurodevelopmental and anxiety disorders in the lifespan through young adulthood. Extending prior work, results suggest a history of ARFID is associated with increased anxiety in young adulthood. Finally, a history of both ARFID and other eating pathology is associated with increased risk for a wide range of psychiatric difficulties (e.g., obsessive-compulsive symptoms, suicide attempts) in the lifespan through young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne N. Richson
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, 120 8 Street S, Fargo, ND, 58103, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1919 Elm St N, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Hana F. Zickgraf
- Research Center, Rogers Behavioral Health, Oconomowoc, WI, 53066, USA
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Asante F, Sam CN, Correia AM, Campioli M, Yeboah J, Ofori SA, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Asare NK. Unravelling the impact of environmental variability on mangrove sediment carbon dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174837. [PMID: 39029764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems represent low-cost climate-regulating systems through carbon storage in their sediments. However, considering the complex shifts in shallow coastal ecosystems, it is clear from just a few sets of environmental impacts on their carbon storage that there is a deficit in the information required for preserving this service. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal variability of hydrographic factors (water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), flow velocity, turbidity) and sediment characteristics (sedimentation rate and sediment grain size) on the intricate carbon dynamics of mangroves by examining which key variable(s) control mangrove sediment organic matter (OM). We used in-situ monitoring to assess the hydrographic dynamics, sedimentation rate, sediment organic content, and granulometry. Laboratory loss-on-ignition and granulometric methods were employed to quantify OM in trapped and bottom sediments and sediment grain size, respectively. Based on the findings, water pH, salinity, and DO were the key regulators of OM in sediments. Despite conventional expectations, the study observed positive effects of DO on OM, highlighting the possible role of aquatic plant photosynthesis and freshwater inflow. Sedimentation rates, usually considered crucial for OM accumulation, showed no significant relationship, emphasizing the importance of sediment content over quantity. Noteworthy findings include the role of sediment grain size in OM storage within mangrove sediments. Even though the grain size class of 63 μm diameter had the highest mean weight across the studied sites, there were significant positive correlations between Trap and Bottom OM with 500 and 2000 μm grain size classes, emphasizing the need to consider sediment characteristics in carbon dynamics assessments. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the intricate environmental dynamics of mangrove ecosystems that are crucial to understanding and managing these vital coastal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Asante
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Plant and Ecosystems Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Systems Ecology and Resource Management (SERM) Research Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Christiana Naana Sam
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexandra Marçal Correia
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUL), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Plant and Ecosystems Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Justice Yeboah
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR), University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Appiah Ofori
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management (SERM) Research Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussel, Belgium
| | - Farid Dahdouh-Guebas
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management (SERM) Research Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussel, Belgium; bDIV: Ecology, Evolution & Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), VUB-APNA-WE, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Mangrove Specialist Group (MSG), Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), c/o Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noble Kwame Asare
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR), University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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McCabe M, Byrne M, Gullifer J, Cornish K. The relationship between university student help-seeking intentions and well-being outcomes. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1407689. [PMID: 39035604 PMCID: PMC11258002 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1407689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
University represents a time of both great uncertainty and change as well as a time of opportunity and learning. University students represent a population both at a higher risk of experiencing poor mental health and diagnosis and a population with relatively greater access and communication of both mental health literacy resources and mental health support services. Despite this, we consistently see low intention of help-seeking for mental health services or health services, with a clear preference shown for personal contacts such as friends or parents. To understand help-seeking intentions and their relationship with well-being, the current study explored two core hypotheses, when assessing a broad range of help-seeking options, the likelihood of seeking support from a range of sources will cluster together to create help-seeking groupings that can be further explored (1) and that across these help-seeking factors, there would be difference in intention score across students who fall within "at-risk," "low," or "normal to high" well-being groupings (2). Through a series of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a subsample (N = 178) and final confirmatory factor analysis (N = 1597) identified five help-seeking factors: Intimate Partner (single item), Personal Relations (friends, parents, and other relatives), External Health Service (external mental health provider and health provider), University Health Service (university mental health and health provider), and Digital and Distal Professional (digital apps, websites or forums, telehealth, religious leaders, and phone or online emergency services). To address hypothesis 2, a multivariate analysis of covariance was run to assess help-seeking intentions across factors between students with "at-risk" (N = 453), "low" (N = 484), or "normal to high" (N = 563) well-being scores. Although significant differences were found between groups on almost all help-seeking factors (except External Health Service), the differences between groups were small. However, consistently those with "normal to high" well-being demonstrated higher intention to seek help compared to "low" and "at-risk" groups. Across all groups, Personal Relations demonstrated the highest average help-seeking intention score and, in addition to supporting findings in previous literature, represents a potential "lowest hanging fruit" of help-seeking source for university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda McCabe
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Byrne
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Judith Gullifer
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Cornish
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Laske MM, DiGennaro Reed FD. Um, so, like, do speech disfluencies matter? A parametric evaluation of filler sounds and words. J Appl Behav Anal 2024; 57:574-583. [PMID: 38819033 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated how speech disfluencies affect perceived speaker effectiveness. Speeches with filler sounds and filler words at different rates of disfluencies (i.e., 0, 2, 5, and 12 per minute) were created and evaluated by a crowdsourcing service for survey-based research for the speaker's public speaking performance. Increased disfluencies, particularly filler sounds, significantly affected perceptions across most categories, notably at higher rates of filler sounds (i.e., 12 per minute). A low, but nonzero, rate of disfluencies (5 per minute) did not adversely affect perceived effectiveness. These findings suggest that although reducing filler sounds is crucial for optimizing perceived speaking effectiveness, a rate of five or fewer disfluencies per minute may be acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Laske
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Scott J, Crouse JJ, Medland S, Byrne E, Iorfino F, Mitchell B, Gillespie NA, Martin N, Wray N, Hickie IB. Polygenic risk scores and the prediction of onset of mood and psychotic disorders in adolescents and young adults. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:397-405. [PMID: 37787636 PMCID: PMC11100301 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for neuroticism, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are higher in individuals manifesting trans-diagnostic risk factors for the development of major mental disorders and whether PRS enhance prediction of early onset full-threshold disorders. METHODS Using data from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study, we examined individual PRS for neuroticism, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, recorded evidence of subthreshold syndromes and family history of mood and/or psychotic disorders and noted progression to trans-diagnostic clinical caseness (onset of major mental disorders) at follow-up. We undertook multivariate, receiver operating curve and logistic regression analyses that were adjusted for known variables of influence (age, twin status, and so on). RESULTS Of 1473 eligible participants (female = 866, 59%; mean age 26.3 years), 28% (n = 409) met caseness criteria for a mood and/or psychotic disorder. All PRS were higher in cases versus non-cases but associations with different levels of risk were inconsistent. The prediction of caseness (reported as area under the curve with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) improved from 0.68 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.71) when estimated using clinical risk factors alone up to 0.71 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.73) when PRS were added to the model. Logistic regression identified five variables that optimally classified individuals according to caseness: age, sex, individual risk characteristics, PRS for depression and mental health case status of cotwins or siblings. CONCLUSIONS The findings need replication. However, this exploratory study suggests that combining PRS with other risk factors has the potential to improve outcome prediction in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob J Crouse
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Enda Byrne
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Frank Iorfino
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
| | - Nicholas Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naomi Wray
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland,Australia
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Pablo-Ríos MV, Navarro-Asencio E, Mateos-Gordo P, García-Gómez R, Porras-Truque C, García Moreno LM. Dysexecutive symptomatology in everyday functioning and academic achievement in adolescents. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1323317. [PMID: 38863662 PMCID: PMC11165704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1323317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the educational stage, academic achievement depends on various social, family, and personal factors. Among the latter, executive skills in everyday life play a significant role in dealing with the academic demands of adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study is to ascertain the effects of executive symptomatology in everyday functioning on academic achievement in adolescents. Method The study involved 910 students aged between 13 and 15 years (M = 14.09, SD = 0.68) from both public and private schools in the Community of Madrid. The DEX, BDEFS-CA, and BRIEF-SR questionnaires were utilised to assess executive difficulties, while grades in language, mathematics, and natural sciences were used as a measure of academic achievement. Results The data revealed statistically significant differences in working memory, emotional control, materials organisation, and task completion. In relation to language and natural sciences subjects. In the case of mathematics, emotional control and task completion were significant variables. Conclusion Our results indicate that certain executive skills that are manifested in everyday life activities can contribute, albeit in a variable way, to academic achievement in the subjects studied. This aspect is relevant insofar as it allows us to develop preventive interventions based on the executive training of these everyday skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Pablo-Ríos
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Navarro-Asencio
- Department of Research and Psychology in Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Mateos-Gordo
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Gómez
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Porras-Truque
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García Moreno
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Boetto C, Frouin A, Henches L, Auvergne A, Suzuki Y, Patin E, Bredon M, Chiu A, Consortium MI, Sankararaman S, Zaitlen N, Kennedy SP, Quintana-Murci L, Duffy D, Sokol H, Aschard H. MANOCCA: a robust and computationally efficient test of covariance in high-dimension multivariate omics data. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae272. [PMID: 38856173 PMCID: PMC11163461 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Multivariate analysis is becoming central in studies investigating high-throughput molecular data, yet, some important features of these data are seldom explored. Here, we present MANOCCA (Multivariate Analysis of Conditional CovAriance), a powerful method to test for the effect of a predictor on the covariance matrix of a multivariate outcome. The proposed test is by construction orthogonal to tests based on the mean and variance and is able to capture effects that are missed by both approaches. We first compare the performances of MANOCCA with existing correlation-based methods and show that MANOCCA is the only test correctly calibrated in simulation mimicking omics data. We then investigate the impact of reducing the dimensionality of the data using principal component analysis when the sample size is smaller than the number of pairwise covariance terms analysed. We show that, in many realistic scenarios, the maximum power can be achieved with a limited number of components. Finally, we apply MANOCCA to 1000 healthy individuals from the Milieu Interieur cohort, to assess the effect of health, lifestyle and genetic factors on the covariance of two sets of phenotypes, blood biomarkers and flow cytometry-based immune phenotypes. Our analyses identify significant associations between multiple factors and the covariance of both omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Boetto
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Arthur Frouin
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Léo Henches
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Auvergne
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yuka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Patin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, 25-28 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marius Bredon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Microbiota, Gut and Inflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine (UMR S938) Sorbonne Université, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Alec Chiu
- Department of Human Genetics, University California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Box 708822, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088, United States
| | | | - Sriram Sankararaman
- Department of Human Genetics, University California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Box 708822, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088, United States
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Department of Human Genetics, University California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Box 708822, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088, United States
| | - Sean P Kennedy
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, 25-28 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Chair of Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, 11 Pl. Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Microbiota, Gut and Inflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine (UMR S938) Sorbonne Université, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 PARIS Cedex 12, France
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, 184 rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- INRAE Micalis & AgroParisTech, UMR1319, Micalis & AgroParisTech, 4 avenue Jean Jaurès, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Dwivedi A, Yu S, Hao C, Salvietti G, Prattichizzo D, Beckerle P. How Positioning Wearable Haptic Interfaces on Limbs Influences Virtual Embodiment. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HAPTICS 2024; 17:292-301. [PMID: 38157458 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2023.3347351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
With increasing use of computer applications and robotic devices in our everyday life, and with the advent of metaverse, there is an urgent need of developing new types of interfaces that facilitate a more intuitive interaction in physical and virtual space. In this work, we investigate the influence of the location of haptic feedback devices on embodiment of virtual hands and user load during an interactive pick-and-place task. To do this, we conducted a user study with a 3x2 repeated measure experiment design: feedback position is varied between the distal phalanx of the index finger and the thumb, the proximal phalanx of the index finger and the thumb, and the wrist. These conditions of feedback are tested with the stimuli applied synchronously to the participant in one case, and with an additional delay of 350 ms in the second case. The results show that the location of the haptic feedback device does not affect embodiment, whereas the delay, i.e., whether the feedback is applied synchronously or asynchronously, affects embodiment. This suggests that for pick-and-place tasks, haptic feedback devices can be placed on the user's wrist without compromising performance making the hands to remain free, allowing unobstructed hand visibility for precise motion tracking, thereby improving accuracy.
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Bachem R, Levin Y, Yuval K, Langer NK, Solomon Z, Bernstein A. Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in intergenerational trauma transmission among Eritrean asylum-seeking mother-child dyads. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2300588. [PMID: 38190253 PMCID: PMC10776052 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2300588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Traumatic stress among forcibly displaced people has a variety of adverse consequences beyond individual mental health, including implications for poor socioemotional developmental outcomes for their children post-displacement.Objective: This study explored the intergenerational transmission of maternal ICD-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) and depression among asylum-seeking mothers for their children's internalizing and externalizing difficulties.Method: Participants were 127 trauma-affected Eritrean mothers of preschool-aged children in Israel. The severity of child difficulties was compared between mothers with probable ICD-11 CPTSD (94.5% comorbid depression), ICD-11 PTSD (48.5% comorbid depression), unimorbid depression, and healthy mothers, using multivariate analyses of variance, while controlling for children's direct exposure to adverse life experiences.Results: Probable ICD-11 CPTSD and PTSD were present in 23.6% and 26.0% of mothers, respectively. Relative to maternal PTSD, CPTSD was significantly and strongly associated with elevated child internalizing symptoms (d = 2.44) and marginally significantly, although strongly, associated with child externalizing symptoms (d = 1.30). Post-hoc exploratory analyses documented that, relative to maternal PTSD and depression, CPTSD and depression comorbidity was marginally significantly but strongly associated with child internalizing (SMD = .67), but not externalizing symptoms (SMD = .35).Conclusions: Findings implicate maternal CPTSD and comorbid depression in child socio-emotional development and inform clinical assessment, prevention, and intervention to attenuate poor development among children in unstable post-displacement settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Bachem
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yafit Levin
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Kim Yuval
- Observing Minds Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nora Korin Langer
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Zahava Solomon
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- the I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Bernstein
- Observing Minds Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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12
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Caballero HS, McFall GP, Gee M, MacDonald S, Phillips NA, Fogarty J, Montero-Odasso M, Camicioli R, Dixon RA. Cognitive Speed in Neurodegenerative Disease: Comparing Mean Rate and Inconsistency Within and Across the Alzheimer's and Lewy Body Spectra in the COMPASS-ND Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:579-601. [PMID: 38875040 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) are characterized by early and gradual worsening perturbations in speeded cognitive responses. Objective Using simple and choice reaction time tasks, we compared two indicators of cognitive speed within and across the AD and LBD spectra: mean rate (average reaction time across trials) and inconsistency (within person variability). Methods The AD spectrum cohorts included subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, n = 28), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 121), and AD (n = 45) participants. The LBD spectrum included Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 32), mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI, n = 21), and LBD (n = 18) participants. A cognitively unimpaired (CU, n = 39) cohort served as common benchmark. We conducted multivariate analyses of variance and discrimination analyses. Results Within the AD spectrum, the AD cohort was slower and more inconsistent than the CU, SCI, and MCI cohorts. The MCI cohort was slower than the CU cohort. Within the LBD spectrum, the LBD cohort was slower and more inconsistent than the CU, PD, and PD-MCI cohorts. The PD-MCI cohort was slower than the CU and PD cohorts. In cross-spectra (corresponding cohort) comparisons, the LBD cohort was slower and more inconsistent than the AD cohort. The PD-MCI cohort was slower than the MCI cohort. Discrimination analyses clarified the group difference patterns. Conclusions For both speed tasks, mean rate and inconsistency demonstrated similar sensitivity to spectra-related comparisons. Both dementia cohorts were slower and more inconsistent than each of their respective non-dementia cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sebastian Caballero
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G Peggy McFall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Myrlene Gee
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stuart MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Richard Camicioli
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roger A Dixon
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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13
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Storch M, Kanthack M, Amelung T, Beier KM, Krueger THC, Sinke C, Walter H, Walter M, Schiffer B, Schindler S, Schoenknecht P. Hypothalamic volume in pedophilia with or without child sexual offense. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1295-1306. [PMID: 36370175 PMCID: PMC10449687 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus regulates sexual behavior and is simultaneously associated with aggression and violence. Consequently, this brain region is relevant in research of pedophilia and child sexual offenses (CSO). The distinction between these two phenomena is of great importance and was the object of consideration of this study. We analyzed exclusively men, including 73 pedophilic offenders who committed CSO, an equal number of people with pedophilia but without such offenses, and 133 non-pedophilic, non-offending subjects who formed the control group. All data were collected in a multicenter in vivo study and analyzed using a semi-automated segmentation algorithm for 3-Tesla magnetic resonance images. Men with pedophilia who committed CSO on average had a 47 mm3 smaller hypothalamus per side than people without committed CSO. This effect was driven by both the group of non-offending people with pedophilia and the control group. By contrast, the exploratory comparison of pedophilic persons without CSO with the control group showed no significant difference. The present study demonstrates a deviant hypothalamic structure as a neurobiological correlate of CSO in pedophiles, but not in people with pedophilia who have not committed CSO. Thus, it strengthens the argument to distinguish between sexual offending and paraphilic sexual preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Storch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Maria Kanthack
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Amelung
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus M Beier
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tillmann H C Krueger
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hanover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christopher Sinke
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-Von Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Boris Schiffer
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schindler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Schoenknecht
- Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Out-Patient Department for Sexual-Therapeutic Prevention and Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Academic Saxon State Hospital Arnsdorf, 01477, Arnsdorf, Germany
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14
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Sacrey LAR, Zwaigenbaum L, Elshamy Y, Smith IM, Brian JA, Wass S. Comparative strengths and challenges on face-to-face and computer-based attention tasks in autistic and neurotypical toddlers. Autism Res 2023; 16:1501-1511. [PMID: 37448306 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The objectives were to compare patterns of visual attention in toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to their sex- and age-matched neurotypical (NT) peers. Participants included 23 toddlers with ASD and 19 NT toddlers (mean age: 25.52 versus 25.21 months, respectively) assessed using computerized tasks to measure sustained attention, disengaging attention, and cognitive control, as well as an in-person task to assess joint attention. Toddlers in the ASD group showed increased looking durations on the sustained attention task, as well as reduced frequencies of responding to and initiating joint attention compared to NT peers, but showed no differences on tasks of disengaging attention and cognitive control. The results suggest that toddlers with ASD have attentional strengths that may provide a foundation for building attention, communicative, and ultimately, academic skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori-Ann R Sacrey
- Autism Research Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Autism Research Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yomna Elshamy
- Autism Research Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isabel M Smith
- IWK Health Centre and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jessica A Brian
- Bloorview Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Wass
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of East London, London, UK
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15
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Wiedemann PM, Lohmann M, Böl GF, Freudenstein F. Eliminating the effects of reporting bias on risk perception. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162304. [PMID: 36805069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Taking the public discourse on health risks due to aluminum in antiperspirants as an example, we conducted a randomized controlled study with repeated measurements to research how selective reporting of risk information affects risk perception and trust in risk information. First, the study varied the information scope that the experimental subjects received (selective vs. complete information). Selective information highlighted that a health risk is given. Considering the full range of studies, complete information is indicated the opposite. A second variation referred to the facticity of the hazardous agent mentioned in the risk information (a reference to either an actual or fictitious agent). Moreover, the selectively informed subjects received the complete information after the effects of the selective information were measured. Four risk perceptions constructs were chosen as dependent variables, differing on two dimensions (affective vs. cognitive and personal risk vs. risk for others). In addition, subjects´ trust in the given risk information was measured. The study reveals that presenting selective information amplifies risk perceptions. The effect was observed, irrespective of whether the hazardous agent mentioned in the risk information was actual or fictitious. When subjects who first received the selective information obtained the complete information, indicating no elevated risk, risk perceptions decreased. However, the analysis also indicates that corrective information (indicating no risk) is less trusted than selective information that points to health risks. Furthermore, proper toxicological understanding, i.e., taking into account the dose-response relationship, supports the effect of corrective information on risk perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Wiedemann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Lohmann
- Department of Risk Communication, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - G-F Böl
- Department of Risk Communication, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Freudenstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Social Work, Health and Nursing, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany.
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16
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Bowling J, Montanaro E, Cramer RJ, Mennicke A, Wilsey CN, Kaniuka AR, Wright S, Macchia JM, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Heron KE. Gender, sexual orientation, and mental health in the kink community: an application of coping self-efficacy theory. Psychol Health 2023; 38:478-493. [PMID: 34486898 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1973001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper advances understanding of the kink community by examining mental health and coping-self efficacy (CSE) variation by gender and sexual orientation. DESIGN Adult members of the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom (N = 332) completed an online cross-sectional health assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The assessment included the Coping Self-Efficacy (CSE) Scale; Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21; and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. RESULTS Transgender and non-binary persons reported consistently low coping beliefs and poor mental health. Queer sexual minority persons reported low CSE thought stopping and high anxiety. Several CSE thought stopping moderation effects on mental health were observed. CONCLUSIONS Findings may inform clinical implications, as bolstering coping-related beliefs and skills via cognitive-behavioral therapy may offer mental health benefit to kink practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamyn Bowling
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erika Montanaro
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J Cramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Annelise Mennicke
- School of Social Work, University of Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Corrine N Wilsey
- College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrea R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Wright
- National Coalition for Sexual Freedom, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James M Macchia
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Kristin E Heron
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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17
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Sævik KW, Konijnenberg C. The effects of sexual shame, emotion regulation and gender on sexual desire. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4042. [PMID: 36899212 PMCID: PMC10006235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual desire is of importance to sexual health, functioning, and well-being. Although an increasing number of studies address disorders related to sexual functioning, there is still a limited understanding of the underlying individual factors affecting sexual desire. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of sexual shame, emotion regulation strategies, and gender on sexual desire. In order to investigate this, sexual desire, expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal, and sexual shame was measured in 218 Norwegian participants using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-10, the Sexual Desire Inventory-2, and the Sexual Shame Index-Revised. A multiple regression analysis indicated that cognitive reappraisal predicted sexual desire, β = 0.343, (218) = 5.09, p < 001, CI [0.407, 0.920], whereas sexual shame and expressive suppression were unrelated to sexual desire. Men scored significantly higher than women on expressive suppression, F(1, 216) = 24.968, p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.104. The current study did not find any significant differences between women and men on cognitive reappraisal, sexual desire or sexual shame, all p > 0.05. Results from the current study indicates that the inclination toward cognitive reappraisal as a preferred emotion regulation strategy may positively affect the strength of sexual desire.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Sævik
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - C Konijnenberg
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.
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18
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Kokotek LE, Washington KN. Characterizing Communicative Participation in Multilingual Jamaican Preschoolers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:658-674. [PMID: 36827540 PMCID: PMC10171857 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-22-00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study characterized communicative participation and related aspects of functional communication for Jamaican Creole (JC)-English-speaking preschoolers with and without functionally defined speech sound disorders (fSSDs). This study included parent reports and direct assessment measures from an existing corpus of baseline data collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD The communicative participation of typically developing (TD; n = 226) bilingual JC-English-speaking preschoolers and those with fSSDs (n = 39) was documented using the Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS). Functional speech intelligibility was recorded using the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) in English and JC (ICS-JC). Objective measures of speech production were collected through direct child assessment in both languages and then transcribed and calculated for percent of consonants (PCC), vowels (PVC), and phonemes correct (PPC). Within-group relationships were explored using association testing, and differences between groups were explored through multivariate analyses. RESULTS FOCUS scores and ICS and ICS-JC scores were found to be minimally to moderately related for Jamaican preschoolers in the TD group (r = .28-.34, p < .002) and strongly related in the fSSD group (r = .56-.60, p < .002). No relations were observed between the FOCUS scores and PCC/PVC/PPC in either language. There was a statistically significant difference between all FOCUS scores for Jamaican preschoolers in the TD and fSSD groups (p ≤ .002). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide additional evidence for using the FOCUS beyond documenting change in communicative participation to support clinical decision-making in planning and developing speech-language interventions. This study also documents an important characterization of JC-English-speaking children with and without fSSDs, offering data on children's abilities that can be used in future comparisons of communicative participation and speech functioning observed during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Kokotek
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Karla N. Washington
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, NY
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19
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Müller L, Forssén J, Kropp W. Traffic Noise at Moderate Levels Affects Cognitive Performance: Do Distance-Induced Temporal Changes Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3798. [PMID: 36900806 PMCID: PMC10001193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization leads to an increased demand for urban housing, which can be met by building dwellings closer to streets. Regulations often limit equivalent sound pressure levels which do not account for changes in time structure that occur when decreasing the road distance. This study investigates the effect of such temporal changes on subjective workload and cognitive performance. A group of 42 participants performed a continuous performance test as well as a NASA-TLX workload test under three different sound conditions, i.e., close traffic, far traffic, both with the same equivalent sound pressure level of LAeq≈40 dB, and silence. Additionally, participants answered a questionnaire regarding their preferred acoustic environment for concentrated working. Significant effects of the sound condition on the multivariate workload results as well as on the number of commission errors in the continuous performance test were found. Post hoc tests showed no significant differences between the two noise conditions, but there were significant differences between noise and silence. This indicates that moderate traffic noise levels can influence cognitive performance and perceived workload. If there is a difference in the human response to road traffic noise with constant LAeq but different time structures, the used methods are not suitable to detect them.
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20
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Kater MJ, Werner A, Schlarb AA, Lohaus A. Sleep Reactivity and Related Factors in Adolescence: An Increased Risk for Insomnia? A Longitudinal Assessment. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:207-216. [PMID: 37069845 PMCID: PMC10105585 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s401452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The individual vulnerability for stress-related sleep difficulties (eg, sleep reactivity) is known as a predisposing factor of insomnia in adults, yet relatively little is known about sleep reactivity in adolescence. The study goal is to determine factors related to sleep reactivity and to investigate whether sleep reactivity and related factors predict current and new incidents of insomnia in adolescents. Patients and Methods At baseline, 11-to-17-year-olds (N = 185, Mage = 14.3 years, SD = 1.8, 54% female) answered an age-appropriate version of the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test, questionnaires about sleep, stress, psychological symptoms, and resources, filled out a sleep diary and used actigraphy. Insomnia diagnoses according to ISCD-3 criteria were assessed at baseline, after 9 months and after one and a half years. Results Adolescents with high compared to low sleep reactivity had increased pre-sleep arousal, negative sleep-related cognitions, pre-sleep mobile phone use, stress experience, stress vulnerability, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, less social resources, and a later midpoint of bedtime. High sleep reactivity increased the likelihood for currently having insomnia, but not for the development of insomnia at subsequent assessments. Conclusion The findings suggest that high sleep reactivity is related to poor sleep health and mental health but cast doubt on sleep reactivity as a pivotal predisposing factor for the development of insomnia in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren-Jo Kater
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
- Correspondence: Maren-Jo Kater, Bielefeld University, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, P.O. Box 10 01 31, Bielefeld, 33501, Germany, Tel +49 0521 - 106 4461, Email
| | - Anika Werner
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Angelika Anita Schlarb
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science Clinical, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy of Children and Adolescents, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
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Rheinheimer N, Beijers R, Bruinhof N, Cooijmans KHM, de Weerth C. Effects of daily full-term infant skin-to-skin contact on behavior and cognition at age three - secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:136-144. [PMID: 35942886 PMCID: PMC10087794 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily skin-to-skin contact (SSC) during early infancy fosters the long-term development of children born preterm. This is the first randomized controlled trial assessing the potential beneficial effects of daily SSC on executive functioning and socio-emotional behavior of children born full-term. Whether children of mothers who experienced prenatal stress and anxiety benefitted more from SSC was also explored. METHODS Pregnant women (N = 116) were randomly assigned to a SSC or care-as-usual (CAU) condition. Women in the SSC condition were instructed to perform one hour of SSC daily from birth until postnatal week five. Prenatal stress was measured with questionnaires on general and pregnancy-specific stress and anxiety completed by the mothers in gestational week 37. At child age three, mothers filled in questionnaires on children's executive functioning, and externalizing and internalizing behavior. Analyses were performed in an intention-to-treat (ITT), per-protocol, and dose-response approach. Netherlands Trial Register: NL5591. RESULTS In the ITT approach, fewer internalizing (95% CI = 0.11-1.00, U = 2148.50, r = .24, p = .001) and externalizing (95% CI = 0.04-2.62, t = 2.04, d = 0.38, p = .04) problems were reported in the SSC condition compared to the CAU condition. Multivariate analyses of variance did not show group differences on executive functioning. Additional analyses of covariance showed no moderations by maternal prenatal stress. CONCLUSIONS Current findings indicate that early daily SSC in full-term infants may foster children's behavioral development. Future replications, including behavioral observations of child behavior to complement maternal reports, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rheinheimer
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Social Development, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Bruinhof
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Social Development, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly H M Cooijmans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Social Development, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Toma D, Gabor-Miklosi D, Cerghit-Paler A, Șuteu CC, Cosma MC, Mărginean C, Iancu M, Gozar L. Impaired Speckle-Tracking-Derived Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Is Associated with Transposition of Great Arteries in Neonates: A Single-Center Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:674. [PMID: 36612992 PMCID: PMC9820037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The transposition of great arteries (TGA) is one of the most frequent and severe congenital heart diseases. After newborn stabilization and while pending surgical correction, echocardiographic monitoring with a careful evaluation of left ventricle (LV) performance is warranted. In this study, our objectives were (i) to compare myocardial function, assessed via speckle-tracking echocardiography, between neonates with TGA and neonates without TGA and (ii) to identify a strain parameter with a good discriminatory ability for TGA. We conducted a retrospective, single-center study. A total of 90 neonates were examined, of whom 66 were included (16 comprised the TGA group and 50 comprised the control group). The results of a bivariate analysis showed that classic echocardiography parameters displayed no significant differences between the two studied groups (p = 0.785 for EF, p = 0.286 for MAPSE and p = 0.315 for TAPSE). We found a statistically significant difference between the two groups for the mean values of the LVpGLS parameter (adjusted p = 0.0047), with impaired LV myocardium function being observed in the TGA group after adjusting for other covariates. Regarding segmental strain, the mean medial and apical inter-ventricular septum strain values were found to be significantly lower in the neonates with TGA than in the controls (95% CI for difference in means: [-6.45, -0.65], [-8.56, -1.97]). The results of an ROC analysis showed that LVpGLS had a significant ability to differentiate between neonates with TGA and controls (AUC = 0.712, 95% CI: [0.52, 0.903], p = 0.011). In conclusion, LVpGLS is a parameter with a significant discriminatory ability for LV dysfunction, and it is useful in the evaluation of ventricular myocardial function in newborns with TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Toma
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics,”George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Dorottya Gabor-Miklosi
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Andreea Cerghit-Paler
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics,”George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Carmen Corina Șuteu
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Marius-Catalin Cosma
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Claudiu Mărginean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,”George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Mihaela Iancu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liliana Gozar
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics,”George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, 540139 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
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23
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Perceived emotional intelligence and subjective well-being during adolescence: The moderating effect of age and sex. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStudies focusing on subjective well-being during adolescence are relatively scarce yet necessary, due to the drop in well-being that occurs during this developmental stage. The aim of the present study is therefore: (1) to analyze the variability of perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) and subjective well-being in accordance with sex and age; and (2) to explore the moderating effect of sex and age on the association between PEI and subjective well-being. The sample comprised 1542 students aged between 11 and 18 years, divided into two age groups: younger (11–14 years) and older (15–18 years). All participants completed the Trait Meta Mood Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Several ANOVAs and MANOVAs were performed using the SPSSv.28 statistical package. The simple moderation models were analyzed using the PROCESSv.4 macro. Age was the socio-personal variable that most significantly affected emotion repair and life satisfaction, whereas sex had a greater effect on the other variables studied. Sex moderated the predictive effect of emotional clarity on negative affect among girls, the predicted the effect of emotional attention on positive affect among boys, as well as the predictive effect of emotional clarity on life satisfaction in both groups. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
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24
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Knettel BA, Cherenack EM, Friis EA. Examining causal attributions for depression, alcohol use disorder, and schizophrenia in a diverse sample of international students at U.S. universities. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2176-2183. [PMID: 33400636 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1846046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesInternational students face increased vulnerability for mental health challenges, but underutilize counseling compared to their domestic peers. We examined beliefs regarding the causes of mental illness, known as attributions, which may impact treatment-seeking and stigma. Participants: Surveys were collected from 680 international students at U.S. universities. Methods: We sent invitations to a computer-based survey disseminated via international student email lists. The survey explored mental health attributions for depression, alcohol use disorder, and schizophrenia. Results: Attributions differed significantly by disorder. Depression and alcohol use were attributed to social stress and perceived as controllable and influenced by personal weakness and lifestyle choices. Schizophrenia was often attributed to hereditary/biological causes. Differences also emerged based on the participants' acculturation, region of origin, and religiosity. Conclusions: Attributions influence perceptions of mental illness and may lead to stigma. Providers should incorporate discussions of attribution in student outreach and counseling to address potential impacts on care-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Knettel
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- College of Education, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily M Cherenack
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elsa A Friis
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Obeid S, Awad E, Wachten H, Hallit S, Strahler J. Temperaments and orthorexia nervosa: a cross-cultural study between Germany and Lebanon. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the association between affective temperaments and orthorexic eating and whether temperament may explain cross-cultural differences in this behavior while considering the two dimensions of orthorexic eating, healthy (HeOr) and nervosa (OrNe). To accomplish this, 337 and 389 individuals were recruited in Lebanon and Germany, respectively. The brief version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego explored depressive, hyperthymic, cyclothymic, anxious and irritable temperaments, and the Teruel Orthorexia scale explored orthorexic eating. HeOr appeared comparable between countries but OrNe was higher in Lebanon. In terms of affective temperaments, the higher the depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperaments, the higher were the levels of OrNe. Only the hyperthymic temperament scale was positively associated with HeOr. Three-step regression analysis indicated only gender as a unique predictor for HeOr. By contrast, gender, depressive, hyperthymic, and anxious temperament as well as the two-way interactions country*depressive temperament and country*hyperthymic temperament were significant predictors of OrNe. The positive association between OrNe and depressive temperament was only found for the German sample while the negative association between hyperthymic temperament and OrNe was somewhat stronger in the Lebanese sample. Overall, a higher healthy interest in diet was linked to the hyperthymic temperament. Findings emphasized the role of temperaments in pathological orthorexic eating in general as well as in explaining cross-cultural differences in these behaviors. The assessment of temperaments could help to fit treatments for eating pathologies to individuals from different cultures, focusing interventions more on these aspects.
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26
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Fabris MA, Longobardi C, Morese R, Marengo D. Exploring Multivariate Profiles of Psychological Distress and Empathy in Early Adolescent Victims, Bullies, and Bystanders Involved in Cyberbullying Episodes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9871. [PMID: 36011506 PMCID: PMC9407987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Adolescents may be involved in cyberbullying as victims, perpetrators, or to a lesser extent, victim-perpetrators simultaneously. The present research investigated differences between participants acting in different bullying roles-namely, bully, victim, or bully/victim-and bystander roles-namely, defending, passive bystander, and passive/defending; (2) Methods: We used multivariate analysis of covariance to determine how, in the same individuals, direct involvement in cyberbullying episodes compares to participating in them as by-standers in relation to both psychological distress and empathy; (3) Results: Both victims and bully/victims were found to be at increased risk for suicidal ideation, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and emotional dysregulation compared with students who were neither victims nor perpetrators of cyberbullying episodes. Additionally, victims showed higher empathy scores when compared with bullies and bully/victims. All bystander roles showed increased emotional dysregulation compared with uninvolved students, but no differences emerged on other psychological distress measures. Finally, defending bystanders showed increased cognitive empathy. (4) Conclusions: During early adolescence, the direct experience of cyberbullying, as a bully or a victim (or both), show a stronger association with psychological distress than the mere participation in cyberbullying as a witness, regardless of the witness acting defensive toward the victim, or passive. However, both cyberbullying and bystanding roles provide a similar (small) explicative power over empathy variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Longobardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosalba Morese
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Davide Marengo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy
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27
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Comparison of Traditional and Virtual Reality-Based Episodic Memory Performance in Clinical and Non-Clinical Cohorts. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081019. [PMID: 36009083 PMCID: PMC9406179 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II) and the Virtual Environment Grocery Store (VEGS) use list learning and recognition tasks to assess episodic memory. This study aims to: (1) Replicate prior construct validity results among a new sample of young adults and healthy older adults; (2) Extend this work to a clinical sample of older adults with a neurocognitive diagnosis; (3) Compare CVLT-II and VEGS performance among these groups; and (4) Validate the independence of CVLT and VEGS episodic memory performance measures from executive functioning performance measures. Typically developing young adults (n = 53) and older adults (n = 85), as well as older adults with a neurocognitive diagnosis (n = 18), were administered the CVLT-II, VEGS, and D-KEFS CWIT. Results found that (1) the relationship of the VEGS and CVLT-II measures was highly correlated on all variables, (2) compared to the CVLT-II, participants (particularly older adults) recalled fewer items on the VEGS, and (3) the CVLT-II and VEGS were generally independent of D-KEFS CWIT. It appeared that the VEGS may be more difficult than the CVLT-II, possibly reflecting the word length effect. Performance may have also been impacted by the presence of everyday distractors in the virtual environment.
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28
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Tietz S, Wagner-Skacel J, Angel HF, Ratzenhofer M, Fellendorf FT, Fleischmann E, Körner C, Reininghaus EZ, Seitz RJ, Dalkner N. Believing processes during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with bipolar disorder: An exploratory study. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:929-943. [PMID: 36051599 PMCID: PMC9331453 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i7.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Believing or “credition” refers to psychological processes that integrate the cognitions and emotions that influence our behavior. In the credition model by Angel and Seitz, four parameters are postulated: proposition, certainty, emotion and mightiness. It is assumed that believing processes are influenced by both the individual as well as socio-cultural factors and external circumstances. External or environmental circumstances can include threatening situations such as the ongoing pandemic. It has been hypothesized that believing processes related to the pandemic differ between individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC).
AIM To investigate credition in individuals with BD during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
METHODS Psychiatrically stable individuals with BD (n = 52) and age- and sex matched HC (n = 52) participated in an online survey during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey took place between April 9th and June 4th, 2020, in Austria. Participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a dedicated Believing Questionnaire assessing four parameters of credition (proposition, certainty, emotion and mightiness). The MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data. Statistical analyses included analyses of variance, a multivariate analysis of variance and a multivariate analysis of co-variance.
RESULTS Individuals with BD reported significantly more negative propositions [F (1,102) = 8.89, P = 0.004, η2p = 0.08] and negative emotions [Welch´s F (1,82.46) = 18.23, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.18], while HC showed significantly more positive propositions [F (1,102) = 7.78, P = 0.006, η2p = 0.07] and emotions [F (1,102) = 14.31, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.12]. In addition, individuals with BD showed a higher incongruence between their propositions and their emotions [F (1,102) = 9.42, P = 0.003, η2p = 0.08] and showed strong correlations between the parameters of the Believing Questionnaire and their psychiatric symptoms (r = 0.51-0.77, all P < 0.001). Positive as well as negative emotions and propositions were associated with scores measuring symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep quality.
CONCLUSION Believing parameters were associated with psychiatric symptoms in BD during the pandemic. Findings broaden knowledge about the susceptibility of believing processes for ambient challenges in individuals with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tietz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Jolana Wagner-Skacel
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Hans-Ferdinand Angel
- Department of Catechetics and Religious Education, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Michaela Ratzenhofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Eva Fleischmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Christof Körner
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Rüdiger J Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf D-40629, Germany
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
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29
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Tanck JA, Hartmann AS, Svaldi J, Hagena S, Osen B, Stierle C, Vocks S. What happens in the course of positive mirror exposure? Effects on eating pathology, body satisfaction, affect, and subjective physiological arousal in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 30:797-814. [PMID: 35731138 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mirror exposure (ME) is a therapeutic technique to improve body image disturbance. However, evidence on the effectiveness of different forms of ME in clinical populations is lacking. The present study therefore analysed effects of ME on trait-like and state measures of body image in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). METHOD The present study therefore analysed effects of ME on trait-like and state measures of body image in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). In total, 47 inpatients underwent 3 ME sessions guided by a therapist, with instructions to exclusively verbalise positively about their whole body. Participants completed questionnaires on trait-like eating pathology and body image at the start and end of the study, and instruments on state affect and body satisfaction were administered directly before and after each ME session. Subjective physiological arousal and emotional valence relating to each body part were assessed within each session. RESULTS The results indicate significant improvements in eating pathology and body image regarding trait-like measures in patients with AN and BN. Concerning state measures, negative affect significantly decreased and body satisfaction increased during ME. Physiological arousal decreased and positively valenced emotions relating to the various body parts increased. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that positively verbalising about one's body during ME improves eating pathology, body image, affect, and subjective physiological arousal, and thus seems to be an effective form of ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Tanck
- Institute of Psychology, Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andrea S Hartmann
- Department of Psychology, Unit of Experimental Clinical Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Institute of Psychology, Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silka Hagena
- Asklepios Klinik Nord Ochsenzoll, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Silja Vocks
- Institute of Psychology, Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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30
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Biz C, Scucchiari D, Pozzuoli A, Belluzzi E, Bragazzi NL, Berizzi A, Ruggieri P. Management of Displaced Midshaft Clavicle Fractures with Figure-of-Eight Bandage: The Impact of Residual Shortening on Shoulder Function. J Pers Med 2022; 12:759. [PMID: 35629181 PMCID: PMC9145303 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures (MCFs) is still controversial. The aims of our study were to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes and complications of patients with displaced MCFs managed nonoperatively and to identify potential predictive factors of worse clinical outcomes. Seventy-five patients with displaced MCFs were enrolled and treated nonoperatively with a figure-of-eight bandage (F8-B). Initial shortening (IS) and displacement (ID) of fragments were radiographically evaluated at the time of diagnosis and immediately after F8-B application by residual shortening (RS) and displacement (RD). The clavicle shortening ratio was evaluated clinically at last follow-up. Functional outcomes were assessed using Constant (CS), q-DASH, DASH work and DASH sport scores. Cosmetic outcomes and rate of complications were evaluated. Good to very good mid-term clinical results were achieved by using the institutional treatment protocol. Multiple regression identified RS as an independent predictor of shoulder function, while RD affects fracture healing. These findings support the efficacy of our institutional protocol and thus could be useful for orthopedic surgeons during the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Biz
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (D.S.); (E.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Davide Scucchiari
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (D.S.); (E.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Assunta Pozzuoli
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (D.S.); (E.B.); (P.R.)
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (D.S.); (E.B.); (P.R.)
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Antonio Berizzi
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (D.S.); (E.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (D.S.); (E.B.); (P.R.)
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31
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Dalkner N, Ratzenhofer M, Fleischmann E, Fellendorf FT, Bengesser S, Birner A, Maget A, Großschädl K, Lenger M, Platzer M, Queissner R, Schönthaler E, Tmava-Berisha A, Berndt C, Martini J, Bauer M, Sperling JD, Vinberg M, Reininghaus EZ. Psychological and behavioral response on the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with bipolar disorder: A multicenter study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114451. [PMID: 35190338 PMCID: PMC8847084 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affects both mentally healthy and ill individuals. Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) constitute an especially vulnerable group. A multicentric online study was conducted in Austria, Denmark, and Germany after the first lockdown phase in 2020. In total, 117 healthy controls (HC) were matched according to age and sex to 117 individuals with BD. The survey included the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Beck Depression Inventory-2, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a self-constructed questionnaire assessing COVID-19 fears, emotional distress due to social distancing, lifestyle, and compliance to governmental measures. In individuals with BD, increased symptoms of depression, somatization, anxiety, distress due to social distancing, and poorer sleep quality were related to emotional distress due to social distancing. The correlation between emotional distress due to social distancing and anxiety showed 26% of shared variance in BD and 11% in HC. Negative lifestyle changes and lower compliance with COVID-19 regulatory measures were more likely to be observed in individuals with BD than in HC. These findings underscore the need for ongoing mental health support during the pandemic. Individuals with BD should be continuously supported during periods of social distancing to maintain a stable lifestyle and employ strategies to cope with COVID-19 fears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Ratzenhofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Fleischmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T. Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katja Großschädl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Schönthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Adelina Tmava-Berisha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Berndt
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jon Dyg Sperling
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Hillerød,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - May Vinberg
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Hillerød,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - Eva Z. Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Emsing M, Padyab M, Ghazinour M, Hurtig AK. Trajectories of Mental Health Status Among Police Recruits in Sweden. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:753800. [PMID: 35185630 PMCID: PMC8850783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.753800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stressful and complex nature of police work and its adverse effects on mental health are well-documented in police research. The mental health of police students however, has not been given the same attention. To the best of our knowledge, studies on the mental health of Swedish police recruits have not been undertaken since 2010. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to examine whether there are differences in the mental health between two cohorts (2009 and 2020) of Swedish police recruits, as well as to compare the mental health of both cohorts with the general population data collected in 2002. METHODS Data was collected using the SCL-90-R survey. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and independent sample T-tests. Bi-variate analyses including t-test and chi-square were used to examine differences in sociodemographic variables between the two cohorts. RESULTS A total of 376 police recruits participated in the study. Results indicated no significant differences between the cohorts with regards to the three global indices of the SCL-90-R: Global Severity Index (GSI), Positive Symptom Total (PST), and Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI). Recruits with a college degree had lower scores on GSI and PSDI, similar to respondents that where in a relationship vs. singles. A total of 15 (four female) recruits had GSI scores above the Swedish patient mean. Compared with the general population, males and females from the 2009, as well as females from the 2020 cohorts had lower or insignificantly different mean scores on all global indices, with males from the 2020 cohort having a significantly lower PST score. CONCLUSIONS While the vast majority of recruits had results that where indicative of a low prevalence and intensity with regards to mental health disorders, some recruits did score above the Swedish patient mean. While mental preparedness is part of the curriculum for Swedish police recruits, interventions targeting the stigmas of poor mental health could be of value. The fact that educational attainment appears to have a positive impact on the mental health of police recruits, could be taken in to consideration when recruiting future police officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Emsing
- Police Education Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mojgan Padyab
- Police Education Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anna-Karin Hurtig
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Lollies F, Schnatschmidt M, Schlarb AA, Genuneit J. Child Sleep Problems Affect Mothers and Fathers Differently: How Infant and Young Child Sleep Affects Paternal and Maternal Sleep Quality, Emotion Regulation, and Sleep-Related Cognitions. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:137-152. [PMID: 35115855 PMCID: PMC8801371 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s329503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Problems in infant and young child sleep can represent a serious challenge to parental behavior of mother and father. However, most research about the effect of infant and young child sleep on parenting has focused on mothers. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the perception and consequences of infant and young child sleep problems of both parents. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Participants were recruited via random sampling at, eg, kindergartens in North Rhine Westphalia. The sample includes data of heterosexual German-speaking couples with children without any medical or psychopathological problems. For this study, parents were asked to complete the test battery with regard to their youngest child. As sampling was via the kindergarten, the range of child age was 4-68 months. A survey assessed data of parents (N=196, 46% female). The test battery contained the following questionnaires: Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-Report Measure for the Assessment of Emotion Regulation Skills (SEK-27), and a German version of the Infant Sleep Vignettes Interpretation Scale (ISVIS). For the outcome variables of parental sleep as well as for parental emotional competence, the statistical tests of ANOVA were used, and for parental sleep-related cognitions with the grouping variables of infant and young child sleep as well as parental gender, a MANOVA was used. According to the analysis of group differences, the age of the child was also included additional to the grouping variable of parental gender and children's sleep. RESULTS Mothers and fathers in this sample were equally aware of their children's sleep problems and reported similar sleep quality and emotion regulation themselves (all p > 0.05). Mothers as well as fathers of children with sleep problems had lower parental sleep quality (F(1, 183) = 110.01, p < 0.001) and emotion regulation (F(1, 184) = 143.16, p < 0.001) compared to parents of children without sleep problems. In children under 26 months of age, the child's age seemed to have less negative impact on the father's sleep quality (F(1, 183) = 5.01, p < 0.001) and emotion regulation (F(1, 184) = 0.72, p < 0.05) than on the outcomes of the mother. With regard to sleep-related cognition, there were statistically significant effects of parental gender (F(2, 185) = 44.39, p < 0.001) and interaction effects of parental gender × child sleep problems observed (F(2, 185) = 31.91, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The conclusion from this survey refers to the role of the father. According to the results, an association between paternal emotional competence, sleep quality as well as their sleep-related cognitions and infants and toddlers sleep behavior could be assumed in addition to and independent of the results of mothers. We would highlight the urgent need of inclusion of fathers in infant and developmental sleep research. In the context of sleep intervention, both parents should be provided with ongoing support to improve their sleep quality and competence in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Lollies
- Faculty for Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, 33015, Germany
| | - Marisa Schnatschmidt
- Faculty for Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, 33015, Germany
| | - Angelika A Schlarb
- Faculty for Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, 33015, Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Saxony, 04103, Germany
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Mooren N, Boelen PA, de la Rie SM. The impact of morally injurious events in a refugee sample: A quantitative and qualitative study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:904808. [PMID: 36159931 PMCID: PMC9492849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is often reported by refugees that faced violence and persecution. Some stressful events may also entail moral conflicts or dilemmas, described as "potentially morally injurious events" (PMIE). Very few studies have yet investigated the nature of these PMIEs in traumatized refugees, using both quantitative and qualitative data. METHOD For this retrospective study, secondary data analysis was used to examine the traumatic events of 183 patients. Based on established definitions of a PMIE, participants were allocated to a Moral Injury (MI) group if they reported lasting distress after exposure to an event of which they indicated that it transgressed their moral beliefs. The remaining participants were allocated to the No-MI group. The type of PMIEs was categorized using qualitative analysis. The groups were compared in terms of PTSD severity, feelings of guilt, and general mental health symptoms. RESULTS Of the total sample, 55 participants reported one or more acts of transgression (MI group) and 128 reported no acts of transgression (No-MI group). Analyses of PMIEs revealed six themes 1) failing to prevent harm to others, 2) not giving aid to people in need, 3) leaving family members behind that consequently lead to injury or death of others, 4) making indirect and direct moral decisions leading to injury or death of others, 5) betrayal, and 6) engaging in the harm of others. No differences were found between groups on the clinical outcomes, except for feelings of guilt. CONCLUSION A considerable number of traumatized refugees reported confrontation with PMIEs. Experiencing PMIEs appeared unrelated to elevated posttraumatic mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mooren
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul A Boelen
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Simone M de la Rie
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Sheley WC, Gray MJ, Wilber MQ, Cray C, Carter ED, Miller DL. Electrolyte imbalances and dehydration play a key role in Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans chytridiomycosis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1055153. [PMID: 36713878 PMCID: PMC9880075 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1055153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction One of the most important emerging infectious diseases of amphibians is caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Bsal was recently discovered and is of global concern due to its potential to cause high mortality in amphibians, especially salamander species. To date, little has been reported on the pathophysiological effects of Bsal; however, studies of a similar fungus, B. dendrobatidis (Bd), have shown that electrolyte losses and immunosuppression likely play a key role in morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. The goal of this study was to investigate pathophysiological effects and immune responses associated with Bsal chytridiomycosis using 49 rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) as the model species. Methods Taricha granulosa were exposed to a 1 × 107 per 10 mL dose of Bsal zoospores and allowed to reach various stages of disease progression before being humanely euthanized. At the time of euthanasia, blood was collected for biochemical and hematological analyses as well as protein electrophoresis. Ten standardized body sections were histologically examined, and Bsal-induced skin lesions were counted and graded on a scale of 1-5 based on severity. Results Results indicated that electrolyte imbalances and dehydration induced by damage to the epidermis likely play a major role in the pathogenesis of Bsal chytridiomycosis in this species. Additionally, Bsal-infected, clinically diseased T. granulosa exhibited a systemic inflammatory response identified through alterations in complete blood counts and protein electrophoretograms. Discussion Overall, these results provide foundational information on the pathogenesis of this disease and highlight the differences and similarities between Bsal and Bd chytridiomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C. Sheley
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Wildlife Health, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Wesley C. Sheley
| | - Matthew J. Gray
- Center for Wildlife Health, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Mark Q. Wilber
- Center for Wildlife Health, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - E. Davis Carter
- Center for Wildlife Health, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Debra L. Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Wildlife Health, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Weigl K, Schartmüller C, Wintersberger P, Steinhauser M, Riener A. The influence of experienced severe road traffic accidents on take-over reactions and non-driving-related tasks in an automated driving simulator study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 162:106408. [PMID: 34619423 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are an ever-existing threat to all road users. Automated vehicles (AVs; SAE Level 3-5) are developed in many countries. They are promoted with numerous benefits such as increased safety yielding less RTAs, less congestion, less greenhouse gas emissions, and the possibility of enabling non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, there has been no study which has investigated different NDRT conditions, while comparing participants who experienced a severe RTA in the past with those who experienced no RTA. Therefore, we conducted a driving simulator study (N = 53) and compared two NDRT conditions (i.e., auditory-speech (ASD) vs. heads-up display (HUD)) and an accident (26 participants) with a non-accident group (27; between-subjects design). Although our results did not reveal any interaction effect, and no group difference between the accident and the non-accident group on NDRT, take-over request (TOR), and driving performance, we uncovered for both groups better performances for the HUD condition, whereas a lower cognitive workload was reported for the ASD condition. Nevertheless, there was no difference for technology trust between the two conditions. Albeit we observed higher self-ratings of PTSD symptoms for the accident than for the non-accident group, there were no group differences on depression and psychological resilience self-ratings. We conclude that severe RTA experiences do not undermine NDRT, TOR, and driving performance in a SAE Level 3 driving simulator study, although PTSD symptoms after an RTA may affect the psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Weigl
- Human-Computer Interaction Group, Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Germany; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany.
| | - Clemens Schartmüller
- Human-Computer Interaction Group, Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Germany; Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - Philipp Wintersberger
- Institute of Visual Computing and Human-Centered Technology, Technische Universität Wien, Austria
| | - Marco Steinhauser
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Riener
- Human-Computer Interaction Group, Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Germany
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Rieth M, Hagemann V. The Impact of Telework and Closure of Educational and Childcare Facilities on Working People During COVID-19. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARBEITS-UND ORGANISATIONSPSYCHOLOGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. This study examines the impact of telework and closure of educational and childcare facilities on working people during COVID-19. We compare telework versus nontelework conditions and people with and without stay-at-home children. Data from 465 working people in Germany were collected via an online survey. People who do not work from home experience more stress, more negative and less positive affect, less life satisfaction and trust in government, and less loss of control over career success than those working from home. Concerning the conservation of resources theory, working from home can thus be seen as a resource gain, representing, in accordance with the self-regulation theory, a way to deal with pandemic threats. However, home office only seems to be beneficial if working conditions at home are supportive; otherwise, it is experienced as a resource threat or loss, especially with stay-at-home children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Rieth
- Business Psychology & Human Resource Management, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Vera Hagemann
- Business Psychology & Human Resource Management, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics, University of Bremen, Germany
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Wells RJD, Quesnell VA, Humphreys RL, Dewar H, Rooker JR, Alvarado Bremer J, Snodgrass OE. Nursery origin and population connectivity of swordfish Xiphias gladius in the North Pacific Ocean. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:354-363. [PMID: 33751556 PMCID: PMC8519116 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Element:Ca ratios in the otolith cores of young-of-the-year (YOY) swordfish, Xiphias gladius, were used as natural tracers to predict the nursery origin of subadult and adult swordfish from three foraging grounds in the North Pacific Ocean (NPO). First, the chemistry of otolith cores (proxy for nursery origin) was used to develop nursery-specific elemental signatures in YOY swordfish. Sagittal otoliths of YOY swordfish were collected from four regional nurseries in the NPO between 2000 and 2005: (1) Central Equatorial North Pacific Ocean (CENPO), (2) Central North Pacific Ocean (CNPO), (3) Eastern Equatorial North Pacific Ocean (EENPO) and (4) Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO). Calcium (43 Ca), magnesium (24 Mg), strontium (88 Sr) and barium (138 Ba) were quantified in the otolith cores of YOY swordfish using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Univariate tests indicated that three element:Ca ratios (Mg:Ca, Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca) were significantly different among nurseries. Overall classification success of YOY swordfish to their nursery of collection was 72% based on quadratic discriminant analysis. Next, element:Ca ratios in the otolith cores of subadults and adults collected from three foraging grounds where targeted fisheries exist (Hawaii, California and Mexico) were examined to calculate nursery-specific contribution estimates. Mixed-stock analysis indicated that the CENPO nursery contributed the majority of individuals to all three foraging grounds (Hawaii 45.6 ± 13.2%, California 84.6 ± 10.8% and Mexico 64.5 ± 15.9%). The results from this study highlight the importance of the CENPO nursery and provide researchers and fisheries managers with new information on the connectivity of the swordfish population in the NPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. David Wells
- Department of Marine BiologyTexas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTexasUSA
- Department of Ecology & Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | | | - Robert L. Humphreys
- Retired, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Heidi Dewar
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jay R. Rooker
- Department of Marine BiologyTexas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTexasUSA
- Department of Ecology & Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Jaime Alvarado Bremer
- Department of Marine BiologyTexas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTexasUSA
- Department of Ecology & Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Owyn E. Snodgrass
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Understanding Behavioral Regulation Towards Physical Activity Participation: Do We Need a Paradigm Shift to Close the Gender Gap? SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13041683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-established benefits of physical activity for both physical and psychological health, current inactivity prevalence continues to be particularly alarming among adolescents and youth. Equally of great concern is the existence of striking gender differences that represent a serious threat to reverse this problem. We aimed to analyze gender-related differences in self-reported physical activity and motivational regulations in a population-based sample of Spaniard adolescents and young adults (n = 9949). To this aim, we used an explanatory mixed-methods design by integrating quantitative and qualitative data using self-determination theory (SDT) as an analytic framework. Our results reported a gender imbalance in physical activity levels and autonomous forms of motivation to the detriment of adolescent girls and young women. An earlier and steeper age-related decline both in activity and volitional types of motivation was observed in girls. Qualitative outcomes depicted a range of key cognitive and contextual mechanisms undermining the degree to which physically active behaviors are volitionally undertaken among women. These findings highlight the importance of implementing gender-sensitive policy approaches and may have a useful application in suggesting how contextual factors and exercise settings can be addressed to foster volitional types of physical activity engagement in adolescent girls and young women.
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Jungilligens J, Wellmer J, Kowoll A, Schlegel U, Axmacher N, Popkirov S. Microstructural integrity of affective neurocircuitry in patients with dissociative seizures is associated with emotional task performance, illness severity and trauma history. Seizure 2020; 84:91-98. [PMID: 33307466 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify variations in white matter tract integrity related to behavioural control in response to emotional stimuli in patients with dissociative seizures (DS) and healthy controls (HC), and examine associations with illness characteristics and psychological trauma history. METHODS Twenty DS patients and 20 HC completed an emotional go/no-go task and questionnaires, and then underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). RESULTS Patients had higher false alarm rates in response to negative emotional stimuli than HC. Task performance was correlated with self-reported difficulties in emotional awareness and regulation in everyday life. White matter analysis using tract-based spatial statistics revealed no between-group differences. In patients, fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right uncinate fasciculus, right and left fornix/stria terminalis, and corpus callosum were correlated with task performance. Similar results were found for radial diffusivity (RD), but not mean (MD) or axial diffusivity (AD). In HC, task performance was associated with AD and RD of fewer and smaller clusters in the corpus callosum and right fornix/stria terminalis, and none for FA or MD. Probabilistic tractography of thus identified tracts revealed that mean FA values were correlated with illness parameters (right fornix/stria terminalis with age at onset; posterior corpus callosum with seizure frequency), and psychological trauma history (traumatic experiences during adolescence with anterior corpus callosum). CONCLUSIONS Patients with DS show impaired behavioural control in response to emotional stimuli. Microstructural variations in task-related neurocircuitry show associations with illness parameters and psychological trauma history. Future studies using psychiatric controls should examine the specificity of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Jungilligens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jörg Wellmer
- Ruhr-Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Kowoll
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Uwe Schlegel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stoyan Popkirov
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Emery S, Häberling I, Berger G, Baumgartner N, Strumberger M, Albermann M, Nalani K, Schmeck K, Erb S, Bachmann S, Wöckel L, Müller-Knapp U, Contin-Waldvogel B, Rhiner B, Walitza S, Hersberger M, Drechsler R. Verbal Memory Performance in Depressed Children and Adolescents: Associations with EPA but Not DHA and Depression Severity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123630. [PMID: 33255819 PMCID: PMC7761519 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been described as positively associated with cognitive functioning. Current meta-analyses have identified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as potentially more effective than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). An especially vulnerable subgroup that might benefit from these beneficial effects are depressed youths. In this study, we examined associations between red blood cell (RBC) DHA and EPA levels and depression severity and verbal memory performance in a sample of 107 moderately (n = 63) and severely (n = 44) depressed youths. The findings showed that youths with high RBC EPA levels had steeper learning curves compared to those with moderate or low RBC EPA levels (Pillai's Trace = 0.195, p = 0.027, ηp2 = 0.097). No associations between RBC DHA levels or depression severity and verbal memory performance were observed. Our results further confirm previous findings indicating a more important role of EPA compared to DHA in relation to cognitive functioning. Future research should further investigate the differential role of EPA and DHA concerning cognitive functioning in depressed youths. Evidence supporting beneficial supplementation effects could potentially establish a recommendation for a natural and easily accessible intervention for cognitive improvement or remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Emery
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.H.); (G.B.); (N.B.); (M.A.); (S.W.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabelle Häberling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.H.); (G.B.); (N.B.); (M.A.); (S.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.H.); (G.B.); (N.B.); (M.A.); (S.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Noemi Baumgartner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.H.); (G.B.); (N.B.); (M.A.); (S.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Michael Strumberger
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (M.S.); (K.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Mona Albermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.H.); (G.B.); (N.B.); (M.A.); (S.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Kristin Nalani
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (M.S.); (K.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Suzanne Erb
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Services St. Gallen, 9004 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Silke Bachmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland;
- Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy, Psychosomatic Medicine, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Lars Wöckel
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (M.S.); (K.S.); (L.W.)
- Clienia Littenheid AG, 9573 Littenheid, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Müller-Knapp
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Klinik Sonnenhof, 9608 Ganterschwil, Switzerland;
| | | | - Bruno Rhiner
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Services Thurgau, 8570 Weinfelden, Switzerland;
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.H.); (G.B.); (N.B.); (M.A.); (S.W.); (R.D.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renate Drechsler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.H.); (G.B.); (N.B.); (M.A.); (S.W.); (R.D.)
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Intrinsic functional connectivity of blue and red brains: neurobiological evidence of different stress resilience between political attitudes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15877. [PMID: 32985590 PMCID: PMC7522714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservatives are more sensitive to threatening/anxious situations in perceptual and cognitive levels, experiencing emotional responses and stress, while liberals are more responsive to but tolerant of ambiguous and uncertain information. Interestingly, conservatives have greater psychological well-being and are more satisfied with their lives than liberals despite their psychological vulnerability to stress caused by threat and anxiety sensitivities. We investigated whether conservatives have greater resilience and self-regulation capacity, which are suggested to be psychological buffers that enhance psychological well-being, than liberals and moderates. We also explored associations between intrinsic functional brain organization and these psychological resources to expand our neurobiological understanding of self-regulatory processes in neuropolitics. We found that conservatives, compared to liberals and moderates, had greater psychological resilience and self-regulation capacity that were attributable to greater impulse control and causal reasoning. Stronger intrinsic connectivities between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and precuneus and between the insula and frontal pole/OFC in conservatives were correlated with greater resilience and self-regulation capacity. These results suggest the neural underpinnings that may allow conservatives to manage the psychological stress and achieve greater life satisfaction. This study provides neuroscientific evidence for the different responses of liberals and conservatives to politically relevant social issues.
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A feature-fusion framework of clinical, genomics, and histopathological data for METABRIC breast cancer subtype classification. Appl Soft Comput 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Reply to letter to the editor "effect of thrombocytopenia on development of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in neonates: few concerns". Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:2893-2894. [PMID: 33029726 PMCID: PMC7649169 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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