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Maggu J, Mohanty S, Sundaravadivel K. Adaptive yoga for psychological health of children having autism spectrum disorder and with intellectual disability: single case experimental design. Sci Rep 2025; 15:18360. [PMID: 40419562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-02368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Children with multiple disabilities have developmental issues in psychological domains. Adaptive yoga tailored to individual abilities promises positive results on children with special needs. This study applies multiple baseline single-case experimental design (SCED) to establish functional relationship between yoga and psychological health of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). A multiple baseline SCED (AB1B2), with phases (A) baseline without intervention, (B1) intervention in the institute with a yoga teacher and caregiver, and (B2) intervention at home with the caregiver. The experiment was replicated across six children aged 7-12 years with mild ASD and ID. The study assessed the impact of a 180-day adaptive yoga intervention on twelve parameters across cognitive, behavioural, and emotional domains. Assessments were administered using the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) and Behavioural Assessment Scales for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (BASIC-MR) tools. The study involved caregivers, yoga teacher, and clinical psychologists. The visual analysis established the functional effect of yoga intervention. The effectiveness of impact was supplemented by percentages of non-overlapping pairs and Cohen's d shows moderate to significant impact among all the participants in at least three instances across psychological domains. The experiment establishes both internal and external validity.Trial registration CTRI/2021/08/035389; DoR: 04/08/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Maggu
- Department of Yoga and Humanities, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, India.
| | | | - Karthikeyan Sundaravadivel
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Multiple Disabilities (Divyangjan), Chennai, India
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Bhugra D, Liebrenz M, Ventriglio A, Ng R, Javed A, Kar A, Chumakov E, Moura H, Tolentino E, Gupta S, Ruiz R, Okasha T, Chisolm MS, Castaldelli-Maia J, Torales J, Smith A. World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission on Public Mental Health. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104105. [PMID: 38861790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Although there is considerable evidence showing that the prevention of mental illnesses and adverse outcomes and mental health promotion can help people lead better and more functional lives, public mental health remains overlooked in the broader contexts of psychiatry and public health. Likewise, in undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula, prevention and mental health promotion have often been ignored. However, there has been a recent increase in interest in public mental health, including an emphasis on the prevention of psychiatric disorders and improving individual and community wellbeing to support life trajectories, from childhood through to adulthood and into older age. These lifespan approaches have significant potential to reduce the onset of mental illnesses and the related burdens for the individual and communities, as well as mitigating social, economic, and political costs. Informed by principles of social justice and respect for human rights, this may be especially important for addressing salient problems in communities with distinct vulnerabilities, where prominent disadvantages and barriers for care delivery exist. Therefore, this Commission aims to address these topics, providing a narrative overview of relevant literature and suggesting ways forward. Additionally, proposals for improving mental health and preventing mental illnesses and adverse outcomes are presented, particularly amongst at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Ng
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anindya Kar
- Advanced Neuropsychiatry Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Egor Chumakov
- Department of Psychiatry & Addiction, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Susham Gupta
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roxanna Ruiz
- University of Francisco Moaroquin, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Vacaru SV, Lau LP, Frederiks K, Sterkenburg PS, Barakova E. Selecting optimal wearables for measuring physiological arousal in robot-delivered mindfulness-based exercises. Adv Robot 2024; 38:1364-1377. [PMID: 39507502 PMCID: PMC11537300 DOI: 10.1080/01691864.2024.2369797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
While social robots show promise for therapeutic interventions, accurate assessments of (vulnerable) participants' affective outcomes require attention. The careful selection of devices for recording autonomic processes in response to stress-inducing and relaxing exercises is essential to ensure data quality recordings and participants' comfort. This foundational study assessed two commonly utilized devices to record electrodermal activity (EDA), indexed through skin conductance, concerning their sensitivity to stress-relaxation manipulations and social validity during a robot intervention: a sock with a Shimmer device and a wrist-worn Empatica E4. We aimed to select the most sensitive and easy-to-wear one as a precursor to a larger intervention study featuring mindfulness-based relaxation exercises delivered by an NAO robot. The findings, based on 28 healthy Dutch-speaking adult volunteers wearing both devices, revealed sensitivity in detecting EDA variations in arousal following stressful (increase) and Robot-delivered mindfulness-based relaxation (decrease) exercises, further corroborated by self-reports. Bland-Altman results suggested little agreement between the two devices and lower sensitivity for the Empatica E4. No statistically significant differences concerning wearing comfort between the Empatica E4 and the Shimmer devices emerged. Although both devices independently showed sensitivity to stress/relaxation manipulation, the choice for one or the other should be informed by the activities in the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania V. Vacaru
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies & Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, New York University – Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lok-Pui Lau
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies & Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kyra Frederiks
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies & Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paula S. Sterkenburg
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies & Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emilia Barakova
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Nadolny S, Bruland D, Grunwald M, Gröndahl A, Grammatico J, Richter MT, Grebe C, Latteck ÄD. Case management and care expertise as a prevention approach for adults with intellectual disabilities (FaPP-MgB): study protocol for a randomized-controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:136. [PMID: 36814350 PMCID: PMC9946867 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with intellectual disabilities have a higher prevalence of unhealthy eating habits, stress, low levels of mobility, and comparable drug consumption as the general population. Consequently, they suffer from several chronic diseases earlier and more often, but there are fewer prevention and health promotion services including this population. The goal of this study is to determine if an advanced practice nursing approach in the community with home visits is an effective way to improve the health status of adults with intellectual disabilities. METHODS We will conduct a randomized-controlled trial with waiting list design in Hamburg, Germany. Inclusion criteria are diagnosis ICD F70-F79 and exclusion criteria are care level > 3 according to the German Social Code XI or being at the end-of-life. Participants will be block randomized. The intervention consists of advanced practice nurses performing case management, social space analysis, prevention planning, and counseling through four outreach home visits on nutrition, mobility, addiction, and stress. Comparison is usual care. The primary outcome is health status (WHODAS) after 12 months. Secondary outcomes are health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) and resilience (RS-11) after 6 and 12 months. The calculated sample size is 256 with an estimated dropout of 30%. Raters and analysts will be blinded. Analysis will be performed using ANCOVAs. DISCUSSION By providing case management and utilizing their nursing expertise, advanced practice nurses will provide valuable input and guidance on prevention and health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities. They will close the gap between health and social care, which is prominent in Germany, through cooperation between the existing care sectors. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00028771 , registered 4 July 2022, Universal Trial Number: U1111-1277-0595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Nadolny
- Institute for Educational and Health-Care Research in the Health Sector, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619, Bielefeld, Germany. .,Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle, Germany.
| | - Dirk Bruland
- grid.434083.80000 0000 9174 6422Institute for Educational and Health-Care Research in the Health Sector, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marie Grunwald
- grid.434083.80000 0000 9174 6422Institute for Educational and Health-Care Research in the Health Sector, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.434095.f0000 0001 1864 9826Institute for Management and Technology, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserstraße 10C, 49809 Lingen, Germany
| | - Annika Gröndahl
- grid.434083.80000 0000 9174 6422Institute for Educational and Health-Care Research in the Health Sector, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jessica Grammatico
- grid.434083.80000 0000 9174 6422Institute for Educational and Health-Care Research in the Health Sector, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Miriam Tariba Richter
- grid.11500.350000 0000 8919 8412Competence Center for Health, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Alexanderstraße 1, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Grebe
- grid.434083.80000 0000 9174 6422Institute for Educational and Health-Care Research in the Health Sector, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Änne-Dörte Latteck
- grid.434083.80000 0000 9174 6422Institute for Educational and Health-Care Research in the Health Sector, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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Windsor C, Zhang T, Wilson NJ, Blyth K, Ballentine N, Speyer R. Psychosocial-behavioural interventions for school-aged children with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of randomised control trials. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:458-485. [PMID: 36814060 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based interventions are essential for school-aged children with intellectual disabilities to facilitate development and promote future independence. METHODS Using a PRISMA approach, systematic screening of five databases was undertaken. Original randomised controlled studies with psychosocial-behavioural interventions were included where participants were school aged (5-18 yrs) with documented intellectual disability. Study methodology was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. RESULTS Two thousand three hundred and three records were screened with 27 studies included. Studies mainly included primary school participants with mild intellectual disabilities. Most interventions focused on intellectual skills (e.g., memory, attention, literacy and mathematics) followed by adaptive skills (e.g., daily living, communication, social and education/vocation) and some focused on a combination of these. CONCLUSION This review highlights the gap in evidence-base for social, communication and education/vocation interventions with school-aged children with moderate and severe intellectual disability. Future RCTs that bridge this knowledge gap across ages and ability are required for best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Windsor
- Department Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathan J Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina Blyth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Speech Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Ballentine
- Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (Medicina Física y Rehabilitación), Clinica Alemana Santiago, Vitacura, Chile
| | - Renée Speyer
- Department Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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6
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Cavanna AE, Purpura G, Riva A, Nacinovich R, Seri S. The Western origins of mindfulness therapy in ancient Rome. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1861-1869. [PMID: 36729187 PMCID: PMC10175387 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Stoic philosophy has multiple parallels with cognitive behavioural therapy interventions. In their ancient texts, the Roman Stoics present a set of theoretical principles and behavioural strategies that are directly relevant to the clinical care of patients with a wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Mindfulness is a key component of the 'third wave' of modern psychotherapy that closely resembles the ancient Stoic practice of attention or 'concentration on the present moment'. Stoic mindfulness draws attention to one of the main principles driving both Stoicism and modern psychotherapy: the assumption that cognitive activity (reasoning) mediates emotions and behaviours. This principle can be traced back to Epictetus' Enchiridion, where he recognises that 'men are disturbed not by things, but by the views which they take of things'. It has been shown that cognitive behavioural therapies and mindfulness-based interventions directed at patients with neuropsychiatric disorders were originally developed as Stoic-inspired treatment interventions. Both Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck (the founders of rational emotive behaviour therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy, respectively) explicitly acknowledged the role of Stoicism as the philosophical precursor of their treatment approaches. The effective implementation of evidence-based guidelines would benefit from an increased awareness of the influence of the Stoic tradition of philosophical therapy on the treatment approaches currently in use in neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Cavanna
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology and University College London, London, UK. .,School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. .,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Centre for Mental Health, 25 Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2FG, UK.
| | - Giulia Purpura
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Renata Nacinovich
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Seri
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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7
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Mindfulness in Health Education: From Physical to Virtual Presence during the Pandemic, an Anthropological Study in Spain. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Research on traditional mindfulness-based interventions supports the position that they are effective in treating psychological problems and benefiting healthy people. However, more research is needed on the effectiveness of online interventions, a field that is growing and developing rapidly, especially with the onset of the pandemic, as many meditation groups have moved into cyberspace. There is little research on the difficulties that these groups face and the effectiveness of online mindfulness practice. In this work, we analyze the effects of the transition from training with physical presence to virtual training in mindfulness during the lockdown and subsequent period of social distancing due to SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, we analyze the changes in the means and the methodology and the effects of the transition to virtual presence; finally, we evaluate the results obtained through both training models. The investigation was carried out in a center where face-to-face training has been provided for twelve years and that, with the onset of the pandemic, moved its practice groups to cyberspace. The methodology is anthropological and is supported by quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results show that online training breaks the traditional chrono-topo complex and opens up new access possibilities, but limits bodily practices, decreases the intensity of the experience, and slows down the pace of learning. However, the effectiveness is maintained by showing equivalent result rates at the end of the training.
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Beck KB, Northrup JB, Breitenfeldt KE, Porton S, Day TN, MacKenzie KT, Conner CM, Mazefsky CA. Stakeholder informed development of the Emotion Awareness and Skills Enhancement team-based program (EASE-Teams). AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:586-600. [PMID: 34903083 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211061936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Emotion dysregulation (ED) impacts mental health symptoms and well-being in autistic individuals. In prior work, we developed the Emotion Awareness and Skills Enhancement (EASE) to improve emotion dysregulation with autistic adolescents (aged 12-17). The study team partnered with autistic individuals, their caregivers, and expert clinicians to adapt EASE for autistic adolescents and adults with co-occurring intellectual disability and autistic elementary-aged children, groups that often benefit from caregiver support in treatment. In three phases, we (1) gathered caregiver and expert feedback to adapt the original EASE program for autistic adults with intellectual disability, (2) revised the treatment after using it with six autistic adults with intellectual disability, and (3) tested the newly developed caregiver-client team-based treatment, called EASE-Teams, in a small group of 10 autistic individuals with and without intellectual disability (aged 7-25). Families found EASE-Teams to be acceptable and helpful. We found improvements in emotion dysregulation and mental health symptoms for autistic participants. Caregivers reported less stress from their child's dysregulation after participating. These results show that EASE-Teams can be appropriate for different developmental and cognitive needs. Future studies will need to test the benefits of the treatment in community clinics.
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Gómez LE, Navas P, Verdugo MÁ, Tassé MJ. Empirically supported psychological treatments: The challenges of comorbid psychiatric and behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1039-1052. [PMID: 34888172 PMCID: PMC8613764 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i11.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on psychological interventions with empirical evidence of efficacy in treating common psychiatric and behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID) at all stages of their life. We begin with a brief presentation of what is meant by psychiatric and behavioral disorders in this population, along with an explanation of some of the factors that contribute to the increased psychosocial vulnerability of this group to present with these problems. We then conduct a review of empirically supported psychological therapies used to treat psychiatric and behavioral disorders in people with ID. The review is structured around the three generations of therapies: Applied behavior analysis (e.g., positive behavior support), cognitive behavioral therapies (e.g., mindfulness-based cognitive therapy), and contextual therapies (e.g., dialectical behavior therapy). We conclude with some recommendations for professional practice in the fields of ID and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Gómez
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33011, Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia Navas
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Institute on Community Integration, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37005, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Verdugo
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Institute on Community Integration, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37005, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marc J Tassé
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, The Ohio State University Nisonger Center-UCEDD, Columbus, OH 43210-1257, United States
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Garcia Y, Keller-Collins A, Andrews M, Kurumiya Y, Imlay K, Umphrey B, Foster E. Systematic Review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Caregivers, and Staff. Behav Modif 2021; 46:1236-1274. [PMID: 34154376 DOI: 10.1177/01454455211027301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to quantitatively synthesize studies using acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NNDs), their parents, and staff members that support them. Thirty studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2020 met inclusion criteria. They were reviewed and coded on variables associated with participants' characteristics, settings, dropouts, design type, ACT procedures and measures, social validity, treatment integrity, and main findings. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC), the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) were applied to evaluate the quality of the studies. Results indicated that 20 studies used group designs and 10 studies used single-case designs. Participants with NNDs consisted predominantly of those with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities. Group studies reported process and outcome measures exclusively; whereas, single-case studies also incorporated behavioral/direct measures. Overall, results showed mixed improvements across studies using indirect and direct measures. Lastly, quality assessment for group studies presented moderate or serious risk of bias and two single-case studies did not meet WWC evidence of effectiveness. Directions for future research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yors Garcia
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kaleiya Imlay
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, IL, USA
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11
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Adjusted Indirect and Mixed Comparisons of Interventions for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs) of Disabled Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052406. [PMID: 33804553 PMCID: PMC7967731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA) guidelines and used the method of network meta-analysis to compare the effects of different types of interventions from different perspectives which were abilities of daily life activity, psychological health, social functioning, and overall life quality. The eligibility criteria were: (1) Participants were adults above 18 years old with disabilities; (2) Interventions could be classified into active exercise, passive therapy, psychological education, psychosocial support program, multi-disciplinary program, and usual care; (3) Outcomes should be the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that could be classified into abilities of daily life activity, psychological health, social functioning, and overall life quality; (4) Randomized designed and published in English. The keywords and their search field were: (1) “people with disabilities/disability”, “disabled”, “handicapped”, or “disable people” in titles or abstracts; (2) AND “randomized” or “randomised” in titles or abstracts; (3) NOT “design”, “protocol”, or “review” in titles. After searching in databases of Medline (EBSCO), PubMed, CINAHL, and Ovid, 16 studies were included. As a result, active exercise and passive therapy are most likely to be the best interventions for overall life quality, psychological education and passive therapy are most likely to be the best interventions for abilities of daily life activity, and psychosocial support programs are most likely to be the best intervention for psychological health and social functioning.
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12
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Singh NN, Lancioni GE, Medvedev ON, Hwang YS, Myers RE. Real-Time Telehealth Treatment Team Consultation for Self-Injury by Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. ADVANCES IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2021; 5:170-182. [PMID: 33490369 PMCID: PMC7813971 DOI: 10.1007/s41252-021-00192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-injurious behavior (SIB) refers to any repeated self-directed, non-suicidal, behavior that may cause or has the potential to cause physical harm to the person's body. Behavioral interventions provide the standard evidence-based treatments for SIB by people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID). Translating the proven effectiveness of behavioral interventions to treatment of self-injury in community settings by clinicians and caregivers has not been totally successful. The aim of the present study was to advance translational research by providing real-time telehealth consultation to a treatment team at a community-based mental health agency that provided inpatient and outpatient services to individuals with ASD and ID. METHOD The participants of this single-case experimental study were three adolescents with ASD who had been referred for services because of their increasingly unmanageable SIB both at home and at school. The telehealth consultant provided real-time assistance to the treatment team within a translational model of care in the development and implementation of a behavior support plan and an informal mindfulness-based Soles of the Feet (SoF) program. RESULTS Both visual and statistical analyses demonstrated reductions in the frequency of SIB for all three adolescents, with overall clinically significant reductions only with the SoF intervention. CONCLUSION The results of this translational study suggest that telehealth consultation might be a viable technological alternative in situations which preclude face-to-face consultation. Telehealth consultation could be one method of supporting people with behavioral difficulties during pandemics, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirbhay N. Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Giulio E. Lancioni
- Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Oleg N. Medvedev
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Yoon-Suk Hwang
- Centre for Disability Studies, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Rachel E. Myers
- WellStar School of Nursing, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA USA
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Abstract
Meditation and mindfulness are practices that can support healthcare professionals, patients, carers and the general public during times of crisis such as the current global pandemic caused by COVID-19. While there are many forms of meditation and mindfulness, of particular interest to healthcare professionals are those with an evidence base such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Systematic reviews of such practices have shown improvements in measures of anxiety, depression and pain scores. Structural and functional brain changes have been demonstrated in the brains of people with a long-term traditional meditation practice, and in people who have completed a MBSR programme. Mindfulness and meditation practices translate well to different populations across the lifespan and range of ability. Introducing a mindfulness and meditation practice during this pandemic has the potential to complement treatment and is a low-cost beneficial method of providing support with anxiety for all.
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14
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From Helpless to Hero: Promoting Values-Based Behavior and Positive Family Interaction in the Midst of COVID-19. Behav Anal Pract 2020; 13:568-576. [PMID: 32328219 PMCID: PMC7178922 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-020-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents managing their home environments during government-ordered stay-at-home periods are likely to need new skills for occupying their children’s time with activities that promote health and emotional well-being. Moreover, parents and children know they need help managing these circumstances. Perhaps for the first time, behavior analysts hold the reinforcers for increasing parental involvement in effective child-rearing practices. In fact, behavior analysts can help parents enlist their children in managing the household by framing their behavior in terms of hidden superpowers. In the current article, we argue that behavior analysts have a range of tools to offer that are grounded in evidence-based principles, strategies, and kernels—or essential units of behavioral influence. When combined into scheduled daily practices and invoked by children taught to see their use of the tools as nothing short of heroic, these practices function as “vaccinations” that inoculate families against toxic and unsafe behaviors.
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