|
1
|
Scholte-Stalenhoef AN, Boyette LL, Begemann M, Schirmbeck F, Hasson-Ohayon I, Cahn W, de Haan L, Pijnenborg GHM. Response to psychotic experiences: Impact of personality traits on perceived levels of distress. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:282-290. [PMID: 38583258 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the influence of personality traits on (subclinical) positive symptom distress in patients with a psychotic disorder, their unaffected siblings and healthy controls. METHODS Data were obtained from the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis study (GROUP), a Dutch longitudinal multicenter cohort study. Data from 140 patients, 216 unaffected siblings and 102 healthy controls was available for baseline levels of Five Factor Model personality traits and frequency and distress due to psychotic experiences three years later, assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experience questionnaire. Main effects of all five personality traits on symptom distress were investigated as well as moderating effects of Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness on positive symptom frequency and positive symptom distress. Age, gender, symptom frequency and IQ were controlled for. RESULTS In both patients and siblings, the observed main effects of Neuroticism and Openness on (subclinical) positive symptom distress three years later either lost significance or had a very small effect size when controlling for covariates, mainly due to the correction for the effect of positive symptoms on personality traits at baseline. In both groups, levels of Openness at baseline moderated the association between positive symptom frequency and positive symptom distress three years later, in the direction that higher levels of Openness were associated with weaker associations between positive symptom frequency and - distress, even when covariates were controlled for. DISCUSSION The level of Openness to Experiences influences the perceived distress from (subclinical) positive symptoms in both patients and siblings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Neeltje Scholte-Stalenhoef
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lindy-Lou Boyette
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Begemann
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Altrecht Science, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdina Hendrika Maria Pijnenborg
- Department of Clinical and Neurodevelopmental Neuropsychology, the Netherlands; Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe, Assen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Scholte-Stalenhoef AN, Pijnenborg GHM, Hasson-Ohayon I, Boyette LL. Personality traits in psychotic illness and their clinical correlates: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:348-406. [PMID: 36804473 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review focuses on personality traits according to both the Five Factor Model and Cloninger Psychobiological Model in relation to treatment related outcome variables across all stages of clinical psychotic illness. Search of Pubmed and Psychinfo databases led to final inclusion of 65 studies, which were ranked on quality and analyzed according to the associations between personality and outcome. Main findings are that higher levels of Harm Avoidance and Neuroticism are associated with higher symptom levels, tendency towards passive coping, greater self-stigma, lower quality of life, and Harm Avoidance to higher suicidality. Higher levels of Extraversion and higher levels of Self-Directedness are associated with more preference for active coping, more intrinsic motivation and higher self-esteem. Higher Novelty Seeking is related to more substance use and aggression, in men specifically. On outcome of trauma, care consumption and duration of untreated illness no consistent associations with personality traits were found. Combined evidence from both personality models however reveals a consistent pattern of personality traits related to clinical outcome in psychotic disorder, which is discussed in a dimensional manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Neeltje Scholte-Stalenhoef
- Ziekenhuis Groep Twente, Department of Psychiatry, Almelo, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Department of Psychology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Lindy-Lou Boyette
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Hasson-Ohayon I, Scholte-Stalenhoef AN, Schirmbeck F, de Haan L, Cahn W, Pijnenborg GHM, Boyette LL. Insight, personality, and symptoms among individuals with psychosis: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Schizophr Res 2020; 222:243-250. [PMID: 32527677 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports on the relationship between clinical insight and psychotic symptoms have shown inconsistent results, and the association between clinical insight and personality has rarely been addressed. The aim of this study was to examine whether personality is correlated cross-sectionally with insight level, and longitudinally with change in insight, beyond symptoms. METHODS Participants were a sub-sample of the Dutch Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) project. Two hundred and eleven participants diagnosed with non-affective psychotic disorders took part in the cross-sectional part of the study, of whom 136 took part in the three-year follow-up assessment. They were administered with self-report Birchwood insight scale and NEO-Five Factor Inventory, and clinicians assessed them according to PANSS and CDS symptoms scales. RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis showed baseline self-report insight was positively related to neuroticism and agreeableness and negatively related to extraversion. Longitudinal analysis showed change in level of self-reported insight was predicted by baseline-insight and change in symptoms of disorganization. Personality factors did not predict insight change (as measured either by self-report or by clinician assessment). DISCUSSION The cross-sectional findings showed self-report insight (as opposed to clinician-rated) is associated with personality traits, suggesting negative affect is related to higher level of insight and that having insight may be influenced by the wish to comply with views of professionals, or a tendency to cover up problems. The longitudinal findings imply that not personality but change in severity of symptoms of disorganization, and possibly other variables, predicts change in insight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lindy-Lou Boyette
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Schultze-Lutter F, Nenadic I, Grant P. Psychosis and Schizophrenia-Spectrum Personality Disorders Require Early Detection on Different Symptom Dimensions. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:476. [PMID: 31354543 PMCID: PMC6637034 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorders (PD) with psychotic/psychotic-like symptoms are considerably linked both historically and phenomenologically. In particular with regard to schizotypal and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), this is evidenced by their placement in a joint diagnostic category of non-affective psychoses in the InternationaI Classification of Diseases 10th Revision, (CD-10) and, half-heartedly, the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (DSM-5). Historically, this close link resulted from observations of peculiarities that resembled subthreshold features of psychosis in the (premorbid) personality of schizophrenia patients and their biological relatives. These personality organizations were therefore called "borderline (schizophrenia)" in the first half of the 20th century. In the 1970s, they were renamed to "schizotypal" and separated from psychotic disorders on axis-I and from other PD on axis-II, including modern borderline PD, in the DSM. The phenomenological and historical overlap, however, has led to the common assumption that the main difference between psychotic disorders and SPD in particular was mainly one of severity or trajectory, with SPD representing a latent form of schizophrenia and/or a precursor of psychosis. Thus, psychosis proneness and schizotypy are often assessed using SPD questionnaires. In this perspective-piece, we revisit these assumptions in light of recent evidence. We conclude that schizotypy, SPD (and other schizophrenia-spectrum PD) and psychotic disorder are not merely states of different severity on one common but on qualitatively different dimensions, with the negative dimension being predictive of SPD and the positive of psychosis. Consequently, in light of the merits of early diagnosis, the differential early detection of incipient psychosis and schizophrenia-spectrum PD should be guided by the assessment of different schizotypy dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg/UKGM, Marburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Grant
- Psychology School, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty of Life Science Engineering, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Biological Psychology and Individual Differences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Normative and Maladaptive Personality Trait Models of Mood, Psychotic, and Substance Use Disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018; 40:606-613. [PMID: 30459484 PMCID: PMC6223804 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a questionnaire developed to assess the five domains represented in the alternative model for personality disorders proposed in Section III of the DSM-5. This study examined the ability of the PID-5 to distinguish between different mental disorders compared to a questionnaire measure of the five-factor model (FFM) of normative personality. The study included the administration of the PID-5 and Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), a measure of the FFM, to treatment-seeking individuals with Depressive, Bipolar, Psychotic, and Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). Diagnostic groups were compared at the domain level of PID-5 and NEO PI-R, with sex and age as covariates. The main findings on the PID-5 included higher Detachment scores for Bipolar and Depressive Disorders than Psychotic and AUDs, lower Psychoticism/higher Disinhibition scores for the AUD group compared to all other groups, and lower Negative Affect for the Psychotic Disorders versus AUD group. On the NEO PI-R, the AUD diagnostic group was associated with lower Conscientiousness and Agreeableness scores compared to all other groups, and lower Neuroticism scores than the Bipolar and Depressive groups. Group pairwise comparisons did not appear to show many differences between the PID-5 and NEO PI-R. The results suggest that the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders may have clinical utility in distinguishing personality profiles between diagnostic groups. These findings emphasize the importance of additional research on the capacity of maladaptive personality to contribute to the assessment of differential diagnoses.
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Fagerberg T, Söderman E, Petter Gustavsson J, Agartz I, Jönsson EG. Stability of personality traits over a five-year period in Swedish patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and non-psychotic individuals: a study using the Swedish universities scales of personality. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:54. [PMID: 29486736 PMCID: PMC6389041 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality is considered as an important aspect in persons with psychotic disorders. Several studies have investigated personality in schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated stability of personality traits exceeding three years in patients with schizophrenia. This study aims to investigate the stability of personality traits over a five-year period among patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic individuals and to evaluate case-control differences. METHODS Patients with psychotic disorders (n = 36) and non-psychotic individuals (n = 76) completed Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) at two occasions five years apart. SSP scores were analysed for effect of time and case-control differences by multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and within-subjects correlation. RESULTS MANCOVA within-subjects analysis did not show any effect of time. Thus, SSP mean scale scores did not significantly vary during the five-year interval. Within subject correlations (Spearman) ranged 0.30-0.68 and 0.54-0.75 for the different SSP scales in patients and controls, respectively. Patients scored higher than controls in SSP scales Somatic Trait Anxiety, Psychic Trait Anxiety, Stress Susceptibility, Lack of Assertiveness, Detachment, Embitterment, and Mistrust. CONCLUSION The stability of the SSP personality trait was reasonably high among patients with psychotic disorder, although lower than among non-psychotic individuals, which is in accordance with previous research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fagerberg
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Söderman
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Petter Gustavsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine. Psychiatry section, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine. Psychiatry section, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Shi J, Yao Y, Zhan C, Mao Z, Yin F, Zhao X. The Relationship Between Big Five Personality Traits and Psychotic Experience in a Large Non-clinical Youth Sample: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:648. [PMID: 30564151 PMCID: PMC6288374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Despite a long history of interest in personality traits and psychosis, the association between personality traits and psychotic experiences in the general population is not yet well understood. One possible factor that could influence the degree of distress from psychotic experiences is emotion regulation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the association between personality and psychotic symptoms is already apparent in non-clinical youth as well as the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies between personality traits and psychotic experiences. Methods: Three thousand one hundred and forty seven college students were surveyed via self-report questionnaires measuring the Five-Factor model of personality, emotion regulation strategies, and psychotic experiences. Results: Neuroticism was found to be significantly positively correlated with psychotic experiences, while Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were found to be significantly negatively correlated. Both the suppression and reappraisal strategies mediated the relationship between personality traits and psychotic experiences. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that youth with certain personality traits are more likely to have psychotic experiences. The reappraisal emotion regulation strategy could serve as a protective factor against the distress of psychotic experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Shi
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Medical Humanities & Behavioral Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Yao
- Students Counseling Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Zhan
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Mao
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yin
- Students Counseling Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Medical Humanities & Behavioral Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
The emerging role of the FKBP5 gene polymorphisms in vulnerability-stress model of schizophrenia: further evidence from a Serbian population. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:527-539. [PMID: 27552816 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactivity to stress is observed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their healthy siblings in comparison with the general population. Additionally, higher levels of neuroticism, as a proposed psychological measure of stress sensitivity, increase the risk of schizophrenia. HPA axis dysregulation is one of the possible mechanisms related to the vulnerability-stress model of schizophrenia, and recent studies revealed a possible role of the functional genetic variants of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene which modulate activity of HPA axis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate impact of FKBP5 on schizophrenia in Serbian patients and to explore relationship between genetic variants and neuroticism by using the case-sibling-control design. In 158 subjects, we measured psychotic experiences, childhood trauma and neuroticism. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs9295158, rs3800373, rs9740080, rs737054, rs6926133, rs9380529, rs9394314, rs2766533 and rs12200498) were genotyped. The genetic influence was modeled using logistic regression, and the relationship between genetic variants and neuroticism was assessed by linear mixed model. Our results revealed genetic main effect of FKBP5 risk alleles (A allele of rs9296158 and T allele of rs3800373) and AGTC "risk" haplotype combination (rs9296158, rs3800373, rs9470080 and rs737054, respectively) on schizophrenia, particularly when childhood trauma was set as a confounding factor. We confirmed strong relationship between neuroticism and psychotic experiences in patients and siblings and further showed relationship between higher levels of neuroticism and FKBP5 risk variants suggesting potential link between biological and psychosocial risk factors. Our data support previous findings that trauma exposure shapes FKBP5 impact on schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Ridgewell C, Blackford JU, McHugo M, Heckers S. Personality traits predicting quality of life and overall functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:19-23. [PMID: 27746053 PMCID: PMC5376216 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical symptoms and sociodemographic variables predict level of functioning and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. However, few studies have examined the effect of personality traits on quality of life and overall functioning in schizophrenia. Personality traits are premorbid to illness and may predict the way patients experience schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine the individual and additive effects of two core personality traits-neuroticism and extraversion-on quality of life and functioning. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n=153) and healthy controls (n=125) completed personality and quality of life questionnaires. Global functioning was assessed during a clinician-administered structured interview. Neuroticism and extraversion scores were analyzed both as continuous variables and as categorical extremes (High versus Normal Neuroticism, Low versus Normal Extraversion). RESULTS Quality of life was significantly associated with neuroticism, extraversion, and the neuroticism×diagnosis and extraversion×diagnosis interactions. For patients, a lower neuroticism score (in the normal range) was associated with quality of life scores comparable to controls; whereas high neuroticism scores in patients were associated with the lowest quality of life. For overall functioning, only diagnosis had a significant effect. CONCLUSION Neuroticism modulates quality of life and may provide an important key to improving the life of patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Ridgewell
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1601 23 Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1601 23 Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1601 23 Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Personality traits and psychotic symptoms in recent onset of psychosis patients. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 74:109-117. [PMID: 28147290 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality in patients with psychosis, and particularly its relation to psychotic symptoms in recent onset of psychosis (ROP) patients, is understudied. The aims of this research were to study the relation between dimensional and categorical clinical personality traits and symptoms, as well as the effects that symptoms, sex and age have on clinically significant personality traits. METHODS Data for these analyses were obtained from 94 ROP patients. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were used to assess personality and symptoms. Correlational Analysis, Mann-Whitney test, and, finally, logistic regression were carried out. RESULTS The negative dimension was higher in patients with schizoid traits. The excited dimension was lower for those with avoidant and depressive traits. The anxiety and depression dimension was higher for patients with dependent traits. The positive dimension was lower for patients with histrionic and higher for patients with compulsive traits. Logistic regression demonstrated that gender and the positive and negative dimensions explained 35.9% of the variance of the schizoid trait. The excited dimension explained 9.1% of the variance of avoidant trait. The anxiety and depression dimension and age explained 31.3% of the dependent trait. Gender explained 11.6% of the histrionic trait, 14.5% of the narcissistic trait and 11.6% of the paranoid trait. Finally gender and positive dimension explained 16.1% of the compulsive trait. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the importance of studying personality in patients with psychosis as it broadens understating of the patients themselves and the symptoms suffered.
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Knežević G, Lazarević LB, Bosnjak M, Purić D, Petrović B, Teovanović P, Opačić G, Bodroža B. Towards a personality model encompassing a Disintegration factor separate from the Big Five traits: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
|
12
|
Physical and neurobehavioral determinants of reproductive onset and success. Nat Genet 2016; 48:617-623. [PMID: 27089180 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ages of puberty, first sexual intercourse and first birth signify the onset of reproductive ability, behavior and success, respectively. In a genome-wide association study of 125,667 UK Biobank participants, we identify 38 loci associated (P < 5 × 10(-8)) with age at first sexual intercourse. These findings were taken forward in 241,910 men and women from Iceland and 20,187 women from the Women's Genome Health Study. Several of the identified loci also exhibit associations (P < 5 × 10(-8)) with other reproductive and behavioral traits, including age at first birth (variants in or near ESR1 and RBM6-SEMA3F), number of children (CADM2 and ESR1), irritable temperament (MSRA) and risk-taking propensity (CADM2). Mendelian randomization analyses infer causal influences of earlier puberty timing on earlier first sexual intercourse, earlier first birth and lower educational attainment. In turn, likely causal consequences of earlier first sexual intercourse include reproductive, educational, psychiatric and cardiometabolic outcomes.
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Boyette LL, Nederlof J, Meijer C, de Boer F, de Haan L. Three year stability of Five-Factor Model personality traits in relation to changes in symptom levels in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:539-44. [PMID: 26099654 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits are related to a wide range of clinical outcome in patients with psychotic disorders. However, it is not sufficiently clear whether psychotic illness, particularly fluctuation in negative symptoms and psychotic relapse, affects personality. The current study examined the 3-year temporal stability of FFM traits in 91 patients with non-affective psychotic disorders with a maximum duration of illness of 10 years and 32 control subjects without a (family member with) a diagnosis of psychotic illness. In patients, change in negative symptoms predicted changes in Neuroticism and (inversely) in Extraversion and Openness. However, when correcting for depressive symptoms, negative symptoms no longer predicted change in any FFM trait. Clinical characteristics, such as psychotic relapse, were also not found to be related to change in FFM traits. Patients showed a slight increase in Conscientiousness levels, the other FFM traits showed mean-level stability. Rank-order stability of the FFM traits was moderate to strong, although weaker for Neuroticism in patients. Our findings indicate that psychotic symptoms exert limited effect on the stability of FFM traits in patients with psychotic disorders. Consistent with general population findings, one should guard against state-trait confusion between Neuroticism/Extraversion and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy-Lou Boyette
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Nederlof
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carin Meijer
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Froukje de Boer
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Schultze-Lutter F, Klosterkötter J, Nikolaides A, Ruhrmann S. Personality dimensions in persons symptomatically at risk of psychosis: pronounced but lacking a characteristic profile. Early Interv Psychiatry 2015; 9:242-7. [PMID: 24690115 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Personality dimensions are frequently abnormal in psychosis. We examined if these abnormalities form a personality profile that is characteristic for patients symptomatically at risk of psychosis. METHODS Four higher order personality dimensions were assessed in 104 at-risk patients, 67 clinical and 97 healthy controls with the 'Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology', and analysed by two-step cluster procedure to detect personality profiles. Logistic regression was used to test for predictors of profile assignment. RESULTS Low and high scorers were distinguished by two profiles. Patients were more likely high scorers. The presence of clinically relevant depression, though equally frequent in clinical groups, best predicted high scorers among patients. CONCLUSIONS Though at-risk patients were significantly more often high scorers, this seemed to be a general reflection of the level of psychopathology rather than a group characteristic. Thus, personality dimensions might be of little value for facilitating early detection but might be important to consider in early intervention approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Genetic variation in the G72 gene is associated with increased frontotemporal fiber tract integrity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:291-301. [PMID: 25031104 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
G72 (syn. DAOA, D-amino acid oxidase activator) is a susceptibility gene for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Diffusion tensor imaging studies hint at changes in fiber tract integrity in both disorders. We aimed to investigate whether a G72 susceptibility haplotype causes changes in fiber tract integrity in young healthy subjects. We compared fractional anisotropy in 47 subjects that were either homozygous for the M23/M24 risk haplotype (n = 20) or homozygous for M23(rs3918342)/M24(rs1421292) wild type (n = 27) using diffusion tensor imaging with 3 T. Tract-based spatial statistics, a method especially developed for diffusion data analysis, was used to delineate the major fiber tracts. We found clusters of increased FA values in homozygous risk haplotype carriers in the right periinsular region and in the right inferior parietal lobe (IPL). We did not find clusters indicating decreased FA values. The insula and the IPL have been implicated in both schizophrenia and bipolar pathophysiology. Increased FA values might reflect changes in dendritic morphology as previously described by in vitro studies. These findings further corroborate the hypothesis that a shared gene pool between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder might lead to neuroanatomic changes that confer an unspecific vulnerability for both disorders.
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Peritogiannis V. Sensation/novelty seeking in psychotic disorders: A review of the literature. World J Psychiatry 2015; 5:79-87. [PMID: 25815257 PMCID: PMC4369552 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of personality traits is important for the better understanding of the person suffering from psychosis and for treatment individualization. However literature on patients’ personality and character in such disorders is limited. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on sensation/novelty seeking (SNS), a trait which is biologically based and highly heritable and is associated with dopamine activity, and refers to a person’s tendency to seek varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences. A total of 38 studies were included in this review, involving 2808 patients and 2039 healthy controls. There is consistent evidence that this trait is independently associated with alcohol and substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. The estimation of SNS would help clinicians to identify patients at risk for abuse. There is also some evidence that higher SNS levels may relate to medication non-adherence and seem to increase the risk of patients’ aggressive and violent behavior, but studies are scarce. SNS was found not to be related to suicidality, whereas in the fields of patients’ quality of life and psychopathology results are contradictory, but most studies show no possible association. Several studies suggest that SNS is lower in psychotic patients compared to controls, whereas most yield no differences. The evidence for this trait as a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia is weak. SNS may be implicated in psychotic disorders’ course and prognosis in several ways and should be always inquired for. This trait can be reliably measured with the use of easily applicable self-rated instruments, and patients’ accounts could inform clinicians when planning management and delivering individualized treatment.
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Wiltink S, Nelson B, Velthorst E, Wigman J, Lin A, Baksheev G, Cosgrave E, Ross M, Ryan J, Yung A. The relationship between personality traits and psychotic like experiences in a large non-clinical adolescent sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
|
18
|
Arousal Predisposition as a Vulnerability Indicator for Psychosis: A General Population Online Stress Induction Study. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2015. [PMID: 26199758 PMCID: PMC4493307 DOI: 10.1155/2015/725136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Explanatory models ascribe to arousability a central role for the development of psychotic symptoms. Thus, a disposition to hyperarousal (i.e., increased arousal predisposition (AP)) may serve as an underlying vulnerability indicator for psychosis by interacting with stressors to cause symptoms. In this case, AP, stress-response, and psychotic symptoms should be linked before the development of a diagnosable psychotic disorder. We conducted a cross-sectional online study in a population sample (N = 104; M age = 27.7 years, SD = 11.2, range 18-70). Participants rated their AP and subclinical psychotic symptoms. Participants reported their stress-levels before and after two stress inductions including an arithmetic and a social stressor. The participants with an increased AP generally felt more stressed. However, AP was not associated with the specific stress-response. As expected, positive psychotic symptoms were significantly associated with AP, but this was not mediated by general stress-levels. Its association to subtle, nonclinical psychotic symptoms supports our assumption that AP could be a vulnerability indicator for psychosis. The trait is easily accessible via a short self-report and could facilitate the identification of people at risk and be a promising target for early stress-management. Further research is needed to clarify its predictive value for stress-responses.
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Boyette LL, van Dam D, Meijer C, Velthorst E, Cahn W, de Haan L, Kahn R, de Haan L, van Os J, Wiersma D, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, Meijer C, Myin-Germeys I. Personality compensates for impaired quality of life and social functioning in patients with psychotic disorders who experienced traumatic events. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:1356-65. [PMID: 24771304 PMCID: PMC4193722 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychotic disorders who experienced childhood trauma show more social dysfunction than patients without traumatic experiences. However, this may not hold for all patients with traumatic experiences. Little is known about the potential compensating role of Five-Factor Model personality traits within this group, despite their strong predictive value for social functioning and well-being in the general population. METHODS Our sample consisted of 195 patients with psychotic disorders (74% diagnosed with schizophrenia) and 132 controls. Cluster analyses were conducted to identify and validate distinct personality profiles. General linear model analyses were conducted to examine whether patients with different profiles differed in social functioning and quality of life (QoL), while controlling for possible confounders. Mediation models were tested to assess potential causal links. RESULTS In general, patients with higher levels of self-reported traumatic experiences (PT+) showed lower QoL and more social withdrawal compared with patients with lower traumatic experiences (PT-). Two clusters reflecting personality profiles were identified. PT+ with the first profile (lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) presented higher levels of QoL and better social functioning in several areas, including less withdrawal, compared with both PT+ and PT- with the second profile. PT+ and PT- with the first personality profile did not differ in QoL and social functioning. Mediation analyses suggested that personality traits mediate the relation between traumatic experiences and QoL and social withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that personality may "buffer" the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on functional outcome in patients with psychotic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy-Lou Boyette
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniëlla van Dam
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carin Meijer
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Durk Wiersma
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carin Meijer
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
HSP70 polymorphisms in first psychotic episode drug-naïve schizophrenic patients. Life Sci 2014; 100:133-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
|
21
|
Associations between the Five-Factor Model personality traits and psychotic experiences in patients with psychotic disorders, their siblings and controls. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:491-7. [PMID: 23890697 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies indicated that personality characteristics contribute to symptomatic outcome in patients with psychotic disorders. The aim of the present study was to further explore this connection by examining the relationship between the Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and a dimensional liability for psychosis. FFM traits according to the NEO-FFI and levels of subclinical psychotic symptoms according to the CAPE were assessed in 217 patients with psychotic disorders, 281 of their siblings and 176 healthy controls. Psychotic symptoms according to the PANSS were assessed in the patient group. Patients differed from siblings and controls on four of the five FFM traits, all but Openness. Siblings reported higher levels of Neuroticism than controls, but lower levels than patients. Particularly lower Agreeableness, and to a lesser degree, higher Neuroticism and lower Extraversion were associated with more severe symptoms in patients. Furthermore, higher Neuroticism and higher Openness were associated with higher levels of subclinical psychotic experiences in all three groups. Associations were strongest in patients. Our findings suggest that levels of Neuroticism increase with the level of familial risk for psychosis. Levels of Openness may reflect levels of impairment that distinguish clinical from subclinical symptomatology.
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Beauchamp MC, Lecomte T, Lecomte C, Leclerc C, Corbière M. Do personality traits matter when choosing a group therapy for early psychosis? Psychol Psychother 2013; 86:19-32. [PMID: 23386553 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at determining the predictive value of personality traits, based on the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, on therapeutic outcomes according to specific group treatments for first episode psychosis: cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) or skills training for symptom management (SM). METHODS Individuals experiencing early psychosis were recruited to participate in a randomized- controlled trial (RCT). Participants were randomized to one of two group treatments or to a wait-list control group. Measures included a personality inventory (NEO-FFI) and outcome measures of symptomatology (BPRS-E) and coping strategies (CCS). Pearson correlation analyses were conducted on 78 individuals and linear regression analyses on 66. RESULTS Links were found between personality traits, symptoms, and coping outcome measures, according to specific group treatments. Personality traits were particularly linked to therapeutic changes in active coping strategies, with Conscientiousness accounting for 14% of the variance in the CBT group, Extraversion accounting for 41% of the variance in the SM group, and Openness to experience accounting for 22% of the variance in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences in personality traits for people experiencing early psychosis should be considered when offering psychosocial treatments, since it appears that those with specific traits might benefit more than others in specific group interventions, particularly for interventions that do not solely aim at improving symptoms.
Collapse
|
|
23
|
BDNF serum concentrations in first psychotic episode drug-naïve schizophrenic patients: associations with personality and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Life Sci 2013; 92:305-10. [PMID: 23333821 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship among brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum concentrations, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and personality profile in drug-naïve schizophrenic patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and healthy participants. MAIN METHODS This cross-sectional study included fifty FEP patients and fifty healthy participants who served as controls. To study their personality profile the standardized Greek version of the Alternative Five-Factor Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) was administered. Serum BDNF levels were measured and genotyping of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was performed in patients and healthy subjects. KEY FINDINGS FEP patients presented lower BDNF serum concentrations (P=0.002) and higher scores in ZKPQ Neuroticism (P=0.001) and Aggression-Hostility (P=0.002) scales while lower scores in the ZKPQ Sociability scale (P<0.001) than healthy participants. Multivariate analysis revealed that the odds of being assessed with FEP were 0.4 times lower in those with higher BDNF values (P<0.001) and 1.8 times greater in those with higher Neuroticism scores (P<0.001). There were no significant differences with respect to the Val66Met polymorphism between patients and healthy participants. SIGNIFICANCE Reduced BDNF serum concentrations along with higher Neuroticism scores might be associated with FEP. A complex interplay between BDNF serum concentrations, personality traits, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, and psychotic symptomatology has been arisen but further investigation is needed to better clarify the observed associations.
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Ryman SG, Gasparovic C, Bedrick EJ, Flores RA, Marshall AN, Jung RE. Brain biochemistry and personality: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26758. [PMID: 22073190 PMCID: PMC3207834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the biochemical correlates of normal personality we utilized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). Our sample consisted of 60 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 32 (27 females). Personality was assessed with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). We measured brain biochemistry within the precuneus, the cingulate cortex, and underlying white matter. We hypothesized that brain biochemistry within these regions would predict individual differences across major domains of personality functioning. Biochemical models were fit for all personality domains including Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Our findings involved differing concentrations of Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cre), and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in regions both within (i.e., posterior cingulate cortex) and white matter underlying (i.e., precuneus) the Default Mode Network (DMN). These results add to an emerging literature regarding personality neuroscience, and implicate biochemical integrity within the default mode network as constraining major personality domains within normal human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sephira G. Ryman
- The Mind Research Network (MRN), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Chuck Gasparovic
- The Mind Research Network (MRN), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Bedrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Ranee A. Flores
- The Mind Research Network (MRN), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Alison N. Marshall
- The Mind Research Network (MRN), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Rex E. Jung
- The Mind Research Network (MRN), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Beauchamp MC, Lecomte T, Lecomte C, Leclerc C, Corbière M. Personality traits in early psychosis: relationship with symptom and coping treatment outcomes. Early Interv Psychiatry 2011; 5:33-40. [PMID: 21272273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to determine personality profiles of individuals with early psychosis based on the Five Factor Model of personality and assess the predictive value of personality traits or profiles on therapeutic outcomes of two group treatments for recent onset psychosis: cognitive behaviour therapy or skills training for symptom management. METHODS One hundred and twenty-nine individuals with early psychosis were recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomized to one of two group treatments or to a wait-list control group. Measures included a personality inventory (NEO Five Factor Inventory) and outcome measures of symptomatology (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded) and coping strategies (Cybernetic Coping Scale). RESULTS Cluster analyses revealed three different personality profiles (based on the Five Factor Model) - none specifically linked to psychotic symptoms. No links were revealed between personality traits and symptom change scores. Personality traits were linked to therapeutic improvements in active coping strategies, with extraversion accounting for 17% of the variance. Neuroticism was linked to increased use of passive coping strategies. Active coping strategies were also predicted by profile 1 (holding the highest openness score) with 26% of the variance explained and by profile 3 (the highest extraversion score), with 14% of the variance explained. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with early psychosis can present with distinct personality profiles as would be expected in a non-clinical population. Personality traits do not appear to influence symptomatic treatment outcomes but are linked to behavioural changes, such as the use of coping strategies.
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Krug A, Markov V, Krach S, Jansen A, Zerres K, Eggermann T, Stöcker T, Shah NJ, Nöthen MM, Georgi A, Strohmaier J, Rietschel M, Kircher T. Genetic variation in G72 correlates with brain activation in the right middle temporal gyrus in a verbal fluency task in healthy individuals. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 32:118-26. [PMID: 20336655 PMCID: PMC6870361 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The D-amino acid oxidase activator gene (G72) has been found associated with several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder. Impaired performance in verbal fluency tasks is an often replicated finding in the mentioned disorders. In functional neuroimaging studies, this dysfunction has been linked to signal changes in prefrontal and lateral temporal areas and could possibly constitute an endophenotype. Therefore, it is of interest whether genes associated with the disorders, such as G72, modulate verbal fluency performance and its neural correlates. Ninety-six healthy individuals performed a semantic verbal fluency task while brain activation was measured with functional MRI. All subjects were genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the G72 gene, M23 (rs3918342) and M24 (rs1421292), that have previously shown association with the above-mentioned disorders. The effect of genotype on brain activation was assessed with fMRI during a semantic verbal fluency task. Although there were no differences in performance, brain activation in the right middle temporal gyrus (BA 39) and the right precuneus (BA 7) was positively correlated with the number of M24 risk alleles in the G72 gene. G72 genotype does modulate brain activation during language production on a semantic level in key language areas. These findings are in line with structural and functional imaging studies in schizophrenia, which showed alterations in the right middle temporal gyrus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Terracciano A, Sanna S, Uda M, Deiana B, Usala G, Busonero F, Maschio A, Scally M, Patriciu N, Chen WM, Distel MA, Slagboom EP, Boomsma DI, Villafuerte S, Sliwerska E, Burmeister M, Amin N, Janssens ACJW, van Duijn CM, Schlessinger D, Abecasis GR, Costa PT. Genome-wide association scan for five major dimensions of personality. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15:647-56. [PMID: 18957941 PMCID: PMC2874623 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits are summarized by five broad dimensions with pervasive influences on major life outcomes, strong links to psychiatric disorders and clear heritable components. To identify genetic variants associated with each of the five dimensions of personality we performed a genome-wide association (GWA) scan of 3972 individuals from a genetically isolated population within Sardinia, Italy. On the basis of the analyses of 362 129 single-nucleotide polymorphisms we found several strong signals within or near genes previously implicated in psychiatric disorders. They include the association of neuroticism with SNAP25 (rs362584, P=5 x 10(-5)), extraversion with BDNF and two cadherin genes (CDH13 and CDH23; Ps<5 x 10(-5)), openness with CNTNAP2 (rs10251794, P=3 x 10(-5)), agreeableness with CLOCK (rs6832769, P=9 x 10(-6)) and conscientiousness with DYRK1A (rs2835731, P=3 x 10(-5)). Effect sizes were small (less than 1% of variance), and most failed to replicate in the follow-up independent samples (N up to 3903), though the association between agreeableness and CLOCK was supported in two of three replication samples (overall P=2 x 10(-5)). We infer that a large number of loci may influence personality traits and disorders, requiring larger sample sizes for the GWA approach to confidently identify associated genetic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Terracciano
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Poustka L, Murray GK, Jääskeläinen E, Veijola J, Jones P, Isohanni M, Miettunen J. The influence of temperament on symptoms and functional outcome in people with psychosis in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Eur Psychiatry 2009; 25:26-32. [PMID: 19932601 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe symptom expression and functional outcome in psychotic disorders in relation with temperament traits assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in a population-based sample. METHOD As part of the 31-year follow-up survey of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, TCI temperament items were filled in by 4349 members of the cohort. In individuals with psychotic disorders, also positive and negative symptoms and outcome variables were assessed in a 35-year follow-up. Information of TCI and outcomes were available for altogether 41 individuals with psychosis. RESULT Reward dependence (RD) (rho=-0.45) and Persistence (P) (rho=-0.52) were significantly correlated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative symptoms. Higher P scores predicted higher social and occupational functioning (as measured by Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale [SOFAS]), and higher Harm avoidance (HA) predicted a higher likelihood of being on a disability pension. CONCLUSION Results indicate that understanding of personality dimensions support better understanding of outcome and symptom expressions in psychotic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Lung FW, Shu BC, Chen PF. Personality and emotional response in schizophrenics with persistent auditory hallucination. Eur Psychiatry 2009; 24:470-5. [PMID: 19695846 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality has been proposed as having a possible effect on the reaction that patients have toward auditory hallucination. However, this factor has not been studied previously. Thus, this study investigated the relationship among demographics, personality, cognition and emotional response in schizophrenics with persistent auditory hallucination. One-hundred and fourteen subjects with persistent auditory hallucination completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the revised Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire and the Chinese-version Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Structural equation model showed that personality had an effect on beliefs about the hallucination (malevolent or benevolent), which then affected the reaction of patients toward these voices (engages or resists). Their reaction will further affect the anxious or depressed state of the patients. When these hallucinations were categorized into the three levels of omnipotence, beliefs and reactions, the model was more significant than that of one-level model. Persistent auditory hallucination only accounted for a portion of the emotional distress when malevolent or benevolent voices were perceived, and personality characteristics accounted for the remaining emotional distress in schizophrenics. This model helped us understand the relationship between personality, cognition and affective symptoms, such that, when therapists decide what "trait" to change, they can determine at which point to intervene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F-W Lung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, N(o) 2 Chung Cheng 1(st) road, 802 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Nguyen HN, Mattingley JB, Abel LA. Extraversion degrades performance on the antisaccade task. Brain Res 2008; 1231:81-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
|
31
|
Abstract
This article reviews empirical studies of affective traits in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, population-based investigations of vulnerability to psychosis, and genetic and psychometric high-risk samples. The review focuses on studies that use self-report trait questionnaires to assess Negative Affectivity (NA) and Positive Affectivity (PA), which are conceptualized in contemporary models of personality as broad, temperamentally-based dispositions to experience corresponding emotional states. Individuals with schizophrenia report a pattern of stably elevated NA and low PA throughout the illness course. Among affected individuals, these traits are associated with variability in several clinically important features, including functional outcome, quality of life, and stress reactivity. Furthermore, evidence that elevated NA and low PA (particularly the facet of anhedonia) predict the development of psychosis and are detectable in high-risk samples suggests that these traits play a role in vulnerability to schizophrenia, though they are implicated in other forms of psychopathology as well. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for treatment, etiological models, and future research to advance the study of affective traits in schizophrenia and schizotypy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P. Horan
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2240, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6968, USA; tel: 310-206-8181, fax: 310-206-3651, e-mail:
| | - Jack J. Blanchard
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Michael F. Green
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073
| |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Dinzeo TJ, Cohen AS, Nienow TM, Docherty NM. Arousability in schizophrenia: relationship to emotional and physiological reactivity and symptom severity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008; 117:432-9. [PMID: 18397361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Socioenvironmental stressors have been linked with increased symptom severity and relapse in those with schizophrenia. However, little is known about how individual differences in stress reactivity may contribute to these outcomes. METHOD This study examined the association between the temperament characteristic of arousability and changes in negative affect and cardiovascular activity during a challenge task in 58 in-patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia and 21 controls. RESULTS In the patient group, levels of arousability were significantly associated with increases in negative affect in response to the task and greater severity of affective symptoms. Levels of arousability were associated with decreased heart rate during the challenge task in our patient group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that greater attention be given to individual differences, such as temperament and personality characteristics, and their role in the experience of stressors, including emotional and physiological response, as well as symptom development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Dinzeo
- Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|