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1
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Zanchi C, Skabar A, Zanus C, Tolomei G, Ghirardo S, Giorgi R, Velkoski A, Barbi E, Cozzi G. Does a standard triage tool adequately detect the needs of children and adolescents admitted for mental health problems? Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2025; 77:220-225. [PMID: 35142452 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.06321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The visits to the Pediatric Emergency Department for mental problems are increasing exponentially; however, due to the lack of adequate training, the emergency department team in not ready enough to manage them. This study aimed to evaluate how the Italian Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Urgency triage system was able to estimate urgency in patients accessing to the Pediatric Emergency Department for a mental health problem. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study at the Emergency Department of the IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo of Trieste (Italy), from December 2015 to April 2017. During the study period, we identified all the patients undergoing urgent psychiatric consultation. We collected demographic variables, triage code, diagnosis, and outcomes of each patient. Subsequently, we have assigned a degree of psychiatric urgency, based on Gail and Rosenn's Classification which is a specific tool to evaluate psychiatric urgency. The primary study outcome was the comparison between the degree of urgency assigned using the triage system and the Gail and Rosenn's Classification. RESULTS In this series, 567 patients underwent urgent psychiatric consultation, and 280 of them received a diagnosis of a mental health problem. The degree of urgency assigned at the triage was: emergency for 5 cases (2%), urgency for 96 (34%) and non-urgency for 179 (64%). Instead, the degree assigned with GRC was: emergency for 95 cases (34%), urgency for 112 (42%) and non-urgency for 73 (26%). The number of patients, detected as emergency and urgency by the two tools, was significantly different (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that the Italian Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Urgency triage system underestimated the urgency of patients with mental health problems compared to a specific tool to assess the degree of psychiatric urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zanchi
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy -
| | - Aldo Skabar
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Caterina Zanus
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Rita Giorgi
- IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Egidio Barbi
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cozzi
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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2
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Wall EK, Virakorn EA, Baker KD, Cohen EM, Richardson R. Preclinical behavioral and pharmacological treatments for enhancing fear extinction in adolescence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2025; 172:106090. [PMID: 40049540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Adolescence is a window of vulnerability for the development of anxiety disorders but also a window of opportunity for treatments to minimize the long-term impact of such disorders. Current first-line treatments, primarily exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have limited long-term efficacy in adolescents. The urgent need for more effective interventions is underscored by the frequent reports of extinction impairments in adolescents as well as the rising anxiety rates in youth, particularly post-COVID-19. Preclinical research on the extinction of learned fear in adolescents may contribute to developing better treatment approaches to anxiety in this age group. Unfortunately, this is still a largely under-explored area. However, both pharmacological and behavioral augmentation strategies can be used to enhance extinction learning and consolidation. Here we describe work exploring such adjuncts, focusing on pre-clinical work with rodents. Much of the research to date shows striking developmental differences in response to various pharmacological treatments, with only a few shown to be effective in adolescents. Further, recent experience of stress reduces the efficacy of these treatments in adolescence. This review highlights the necessity for tailored strategies, especially when it comes to pharmacological adjuncts, that address developmental differences in drug responses as well as the impact of stressful experiences on treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Wall
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Kathryn D Baker
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - E Myfanwy Cohen
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rick Richardson
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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3
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Werntz A, Rhodes JE, Brockstein H, Fallon L, Cook A. A scoping review of therapeutic mentoring for youth mental health. FRONTIERS IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2025; 4:1509971. [PMID: 39981543 PMCID: PMC11841459 DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2025.1509971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Introduction Therapeutic mentoring, which leverages paraprofessional care, is a potential way to scale access to care to address the youth mental health crisis. This scoping review synthesizes the current state of research on self-designated therapeutic mentoring programs for youth mental health. Method A systematic search was conducted across four databases using the term "therapeutic mento*" and related keywords, taking a label-first approach to describe the available literature. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles about research on therapeutic mentoring in the US, written in English. Data were extracted on study characteristics, intervention details, mentor background, and outcomes. Results Eighteen empirical articles were identified, published between 2003 and 2024. Most studies focused on at-risk youth from diverse backgrounds. Therapeutic mentoring programming varied, although most (N = 13) studies examined the Campus Connections program. Mentors were typically trained paraprofessionals or undergraduate students supervised by clinical professionals. Only two randomized controlled trials were found, both of the Campus Connections program. Discussion The review revealed a lack of rigorous experimental studies on therapeutic mentoring efficacy, as defined by studies that use the term therapeutic mentoring. While some studies showed promising effects, more research is needed to establish the definition of therapeutic mentoring and whether it is an acceptable and effective intervention for youth mental health. Conclusion A clear definition of therapeutic mentoring is needed to advance the field and facilitate systematic evaluation of its effectiveness in supporting youth mental health. Future research should prioritize developing program models that align with diverse youth's cultural values, conducting randomized controlled trials, examining program components, and developing standardized measures for assessing therapeutic mentoring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Werntz
- Center for Evidence-Based Mentoring, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jean E. Rhodes
- Center for Evidence-Based Mentoring, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hannah Brockstein
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Lindsay Fallon
- Counseling and School Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy Cook
- Office of the Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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4
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Liu D, Yu M, Zhang X, Cui J, Yang H. Adolescent anxiety and depression: perspectives of network analysis and longitudinal network analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:619. [PMID: 39289668 PMCID: PMC11406876 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression often co-occur, exhibiting high comorbidity, with their trends evolving over time. However, the specific pathways through which comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression evolve and interact remain unclear. To investigate these questions, this study employed Network Analysis (NA) and Longitudinal Network Analysis (LNA) to explore the central symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as the temporal evolution of these central symptoms. METHODS The study focused on 606 high school students who were not in their final year in Shandong of China, with assessments conducted from March to September 2022. The bootnet package in R was used for establishing NA and LNA models, as well as for conducting accuracy analysis and node stability analysis. RESULTS The results of the NA indicated that adolescent highly susceptible to anxiety and depression. And uncontrollable worry was a common central symptom, while irritability emerged as a central bridging symptom across all three NAs. The LNA results revealed that suicidal ideation and worthlessness were key central symptoms in the LNA. Furthermore, worthlessness played a pivotal role in the developmental pathway of "suicidal ideation → worthlessness → anxiety and uncontrollable worry." A reduction in suicidal ideation was associated with decreased severity in other symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that adolescent anxiety and depression are in a state of vulnerability, and that irritability, worthlessness, and suicidal ideation are potential targets for interventions to address adolescent anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Meishuo Yu
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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5
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Schukking N, Scheepstra KW, Bergfeld IO, van Waarde JA, Tendolkar I, Spaans HP, Hegeman AJM, Scheepens DS, Lok A. A Multicenter Retrospective Chart Review on the Effectiveness and Tolerability of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Depression. J ECT 2024; 40:145-153. [PMID: 37984354 PMCID: PMC11460745 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder and bipolar depression in adolescents and young adults are prevalent and major contributors to the global burden of disease, whereas effective interventions are limited. Available evidence is insufficient to assess effectiveness and tolerability of electroconvulsive therapy in depressed adolescents and young adults. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar depression who underwent electroconvulsive therapy from 2001 to 2021 in 12 centers in the Netherlands. Patients were classified as young (15-25 years) and older adults (26-80 years). Primary outcome was effectiveness, expressed as response (≥50% reduction in rating scale score compared with baseline) and remission. Rating scale scores were cross-sectionally assessed at baseline and at the end of the index course. Outcomes of remitters were included in responders. Secondary outcome was occurrence of subjective cognitive impairment and adverse events. Long-term outcomes were not available. RESULTS In the young (n = 57) and older adult (n = 41) group, 40.4% and 56.1% ( P = 0.153) of patients achieved response and 28.1% and 39.0% ( P = 0.281) remission, respectively. Subjective cognitive impairment (80.5% vs 56.3%; P = 0.001) and transient cardiac arrhythmia (14.6% vs 2.8%; P = 0.020) were reported significantly more frequently in the older adult group. CONCLUSIONS Despite significantly more comorbidity of personality disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and anxiety disorders, effectiveness in the young was similar to the older adults. Tolerability was even superior in the young, despite significantly more bilateral treatment. Electroconvulsive therapy could be considered a viable treatment option in depressed adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nout Schukking
- From the Department of Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
| | - Karel W.F. Scheepstra
- From the Department of Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam
| | - Isidoor O. Bergfeld
- From the Department of Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep
| | | | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen
| | | | | | - Dominique S. Scheepens
- From the Department of Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep
| | - Anja Lok
- From the Department of Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep
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6
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Dubé C, Morin AJS, Olivier E, Tóth-Király I, Tracey D, Craven RG, Maïano C. Longitudinal Associations Between Relationship Quality and Depression Among Youth with Intellectual Disabilities: A Latent Change Perspective. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:673-690. [PMID: 36436145 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates associations between initial levels and change in the quality of the relationships youth with intellectual disabilities (ID) share with their parents and teachers, and changes in their levels of depression over time. A sample of 395 youth with mild (48.3%) and moderate (51.7%) ID, aged between 11 and 22 (M = 15.69), were recruited in Canada (n = 142) and Australia (n = 253). Youth completed self-report measures of relationship quality and depression twice over a one-year period. Initial levels of warmth (β = - .109) and conflict (β = - .302) predicted decreases in depression. Increases in warmth predicted decreases in depression (β = - .179), while increases in conflict predicted increases in depression (β = .268). Discrepancies between youth relationships with their parents and teachers predicted decreases in depression (βwarmth = - .732; βconflict = - .608).
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Affiliation(s)
- Céleste Dubé
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Olivier
- Département de psychopédagogie et d'andragogie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Danielle Tracey
- School of Education, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rhonda G Craven
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO|Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérome, Canada
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7
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Duan J, Li Y, Zhang X, Dong S, Zhao P, Liu J, Zheng J, Zhu R, Kong Y, Wang F. Predicting treatment response in adolescents and young adults with major depressive episodes from fMRI using graph isomorphism network. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103534. [PMID: 37939442 PMCID: PMC10665904 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive episode (MDE) is the main clinical feature of mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) in adolescents and young adults and accounts for most of the disease course. However, 30%-40% of MDE patients not responding to clinical first-line interventions. It is crucial to predict treatment response in the early stages and identify biomarkers associated with treatment response. Graph Isomorphism Network (GIN), a deep learning method, is promising for predicting treatment response for individual MDE patients with more powerful representation ability to capture the features of brain functional connectivity. METHODS In this study, GIN was used to predict individual treatment response in 198 adolescents and young adults with MDE. The most discriminating regions were also identified for the treatment response prediction. RESULTS Using GIN approach, the baseline functional connectivity could predict 79.8% responders and 67.4% non-responders to treatment (accuracy 74.24%). Furthermore, the most discriminating brain regions were mainly involved in paralimbic and subcortical areas. CONCLUSIONS GIN has shown potential in predicting treatment response for individual patients, which may enable personalized treatment decisions. Furthermore, targeted interventions focused on modulating the activity and connectivity within paralimbic and subcortical regions could potentially improve treatment outcomes and enable personalized interventions for adolescents and young adults with MDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youyong Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Baumeister-Lingens L, Rothe R, Wolff L, Gerlach AL, Koenig J, Sigrist C. Vagally-mediated heart rate variability and depression in children and adolescents - A meta-analytic update. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:237-255. [PMID: 37437729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and a leading cause of disability worldwide. In adults, depression is characterized by decreased vagal activity (vagally-mediated heart rate variability; vmHRV), while vmHRV is inversely correlated with depressive symptoms. In children/adolescents, a 2016 synthesis (4 studies, 259 individuals) found similarly decreased vmHRV in clinical depression, but no significant association between depressive symptoms and vmHRV (6 studies, 2625 individuals). Given the small number of studies previously considered for synthesis and the rapidly growing evidence base in this area, a meta-analytic update was warranted. METHOD A previous review was updated by a systematic literature search to identify studies that (a) compared vmHRV in clinically depressed children/adolescents with non-depressed controls and (b) reported associations between vmHRV and depression severity. RESULTS The search update identified 5 additional studies for group comparison (k = 9 studies in total, n = 608 individuals in total) and 15 additional studies for correlational meta-analysis (k = 21 studies in total, n = 4224 individuals in total). Evidence was found for lower resting-state vmHRV in clinically depressed children/adolescents compared to healthy controls (SMD = -0.593, 95 % CI [-1.1760; -0.0101], I2 = 90.92 %) but not for a significant association between vmHRV and depressive symptoms (r = -0.053, 95 % CI [-0.118; 0.012], I2 = 65.77 %). Meta-regression revealed a significant association between depressive symptoms and vmHRV as a function of sex. LIMITATIONS The samples considered are highly heterogeneous. Data on the longitudinal association between vmHRV and depression are currently lacking. CONCLUSION The present findings support the use of vmHRV as a biomarker for clinical depression in children/adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Baumeister-Lingens
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roxana Rothe
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Wolff
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander L Gerlach
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Sigrist
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany.
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9
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Shek DTL, Wong T, Li X, Yu L. Use of instructional videos in leadership education in higher education under COVID-19: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291861. [PMID: 37733655 PMCID: PMC10513278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of online teaching mode has grown rapidly in recent years, particularly under the COVID-19 pandemic. To promote the learning motivation of students and teaching effectiveness, development of attractive online teaching material such as videos is important. In the present study, we developed 15 theory-related videos and 9 case-based videos in the context of a leadership course focusing on psychological well-being and psychosocial competence. Using a qualitative research methodology via focus groups (N = 48 students) to evaluate these videos, six themes emerged from the data, including video arrangement, design of videos, content of videos, benefits to students' pre-lesson self-learning, benefits to students' learning of course content, and contribution to students' class participation. The findings suggest that the videos can elicit positive perceptions of the students in a flipped classroom arrangement. Students also benefit from the videos in terms of their understanding of course content and their participation in class discussion. Besides, the study suggests that the videos promote the learning efficiency of the students. The present qualitative findings concurred with the previous quantitative findings, suggesting the value of using virtual teaching and learning to promote psychosocial competence in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. L. Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tingyin Wong
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Armitage JM, Tseliou F, Riglin L, Dennison C, Eyre O, Bevan Jones R, Rice F, Thapar AK, Thapar A, Collishaw S. Validation of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) emotional subscale in assessing depression and anxiety across development. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288882. [PMID: 37467238 PMCID: PMC10355443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional disorders are common in childhood, and their prevalence sharply increases during adolescence. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is widely used for screening emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and young people, but little is known about the accuracy of the emotional subscale (SDQ-E) in detecting emotional disorders, and whether this changes over development. Such knowledge is important in determining whether symptom changes across age are due to developmental or measurement differences. This study assessed the validity of the SDQ-E and two individual items (low mood and general worry) in differentiating between cases and non-cases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and other anxiety disorders across ages 7, 10, 13, 15, and 25 years in a UK population cohort. Analyses showed moderate accuracy of the subscale in discriminating cases of MDD (AUC = 0.67-0.85), and high accuracy for discriminating cases of GAD (AUC = 0.80-0.93) and any anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.74-0.83) compared to non-cases. The SDQ-E performed well across ages and sex, and generally performed better than the two individual items. Together our findings validate the SDQ-E as a screen for emotional disorders during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, and as a tool for longitudinal research on depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica May Armitage
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Foteini Tseliou
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Riglin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Dennison
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Eyre
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys Bevan Jones
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Rice
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay K. Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
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11
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Li G, Liu J, Wen H, Shen Q. Changes in Depression Among Adolescents: A Multiple-Group Latent Profile Transition Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:319-332. [PMID: 36789149 PMCID: PMC9922484 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s390116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression of adolescents is an important public health problem. Persistent depression will become a huge hidden danger of individual mental health development. It is important to study the change mechanism of adolescents' depression. Methods A total of 563 males and 739 females aged 11-19 years reported their depression. 1302 adolescents participated in a short-term 6-month longitudinal study. They were contacted every three months for two follow-up tests (T2 and T3). Participants completed internet addiction test, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale. Multiple-group latent profile transition analysis (MLPTA) was used to identify meaningful subgroups and transitions between groups across time. Covariates (anxiety and internet addiction) were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The results showed that: (1) There are three categories of adolescents' depression, namely no-depression group, low-depression-mountain group and low-depression-hill group. (2) The depression of the subjects showed a trend of improvement, but the proportion of low-depression-mountain group is relatively high at three time points (0.44, 0.59, and 0.30). (3) The transition probability between the low-depression-mountain group and the no-depression group is large, which suggests the low-depression-mountain group can easily convert into the no-depression group, but the transition probability from low-depression-hill group to other groups is relatively low and stable, which suggests the low-depression-hill group is not easily converted into the no-depression group. (4) Both anxiety and internet addiction affect the development of adolescents' depression across three time points. Anxiety played a significant role in affecting female adolescents' depression, while internet addiction played a significant role in affecting male adolescents' depression. Conclusion This study demonstrated a transition pattern in adolescents' depression. We should pay more attention to the low-depression-mountain group and try to do their mental health well. Adolescents' Depression changes rapidly with anxiety and internet addiction for different genders, which suggests that some interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of China,School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Guangming Li, Email
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiying Wen
- Department of Fashion Design, Guangdong Province Technician College of Light Industry, Guangzhou, 510315, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Shen
- Zhongshan Polytechnic, Zhongshan, 528404, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Washington-Nortey M, Granger K, Sutherland KS, Conroy M, Kaur N, Hetrick A. Sustaining BEST in CLASS: Teacher-Reported Evidence-Based Practice Use with Students at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 15:1-14. [PMID: 36569406 PMCID: PMC9767394 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the efficacy of evidence-based interventions in improving the academic and social outcomes of children who exhibit challenging behaviors during program implementation periods. However, less is known about the extent to which practices learned as part of these interventions are sustained after these projects end, when funding is paused temporarily, and in less-than-ideal conditions. This study used qualitative methods to investigate whether teachers previously trained in the BEST in CLASS-Elementary intervention continued to use the program's evidence-based practices with students 1-2 years after completing the program and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examined teachers' perceptions of the impact of practice use on students' academic and social outcomes. Thirteen BEST in CLASS-Elementary teachers from elementary schools in two southeastern states in the USA where the program was implemented completed semi-structured interviews on the topic. Data were coded thematically, and the results indicated that over 50% of teachers reported using "rules," "supportive relationships," and "praise" frequently with their students. However, "precorrection" and "opportunities to respond" were reportedly used less often. Teachers also perceived that their use of these evidence-based practices was linked to increases in their students' academic engagement and academic performance and knowledge, improvements in students' behaviors, their relationships with teachers, and general comfort and self-confidence. The discussion highlights modality-specific patterns noted in the results that might influence sustainment and the implication of these findings for interventions and programs aimed at promoting positive behavioral outcomes for early elementary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Washington-Nortey
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Addison House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Kristen Granger
- Department of Special Education, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
| | - Kevin S. Sutherland
- Department of Counseling and Special Education, School of Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842020, Richmond, VA 23284-2020 USA
| | - Maureen Conroy
- Anita Zucker Center for Excellence in Early Childhood Studies, University of Florida, PO Box 117050, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842020, Richmond, VA 23284-2020 USA
| | - Allyse Hetrick
- Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32603 USA
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13
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Krzeczkowski JE, Wade TJ, Andrade BF, Browne D, Yalcinoz-Ucan B, Riazi NA, Yates E, Tagalakis A, Patte KA. Examining the mental health of siblings of children with a mental disorder: A scoping review protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274135. [PMID: 36108083 PMCID: PMC9477329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental disorders affect 1 in 5 children having consequences for both the child and their family. Indeed, the siblings of these children are not insulated from these consequences and may experience elevated levels of psychological distress, placing them at increased risk for developing mental disorders. This protocol describes the methodology for a scoping review that will examine how mental disorders in children impact the mental health of their sibling(s). Further, we aim to examine the role of sex, gender, birth order, age of each child, and familial factors (e.g., parent mental illness, family structure), in sibling mental health. The proposed review will also identify resources that aim to support the needs of siblings of children with mental disorders. Taken together, this proposed review aims to take a fundamental step towards determining intervention targets to reduce the transmission of risk between siblings. AIM The proposed scoping review aims to address the following questions: i) how do mental disorders (in children <18 years of age) impact the mental health of their sibling(s) (also <18 years of age)? ii) Can we identify resources designed to address the needs of siblings of children with mental disorders? METHODS We will conduct the proposed scoping review in keeping with the six-stage Arksey and O'Malley Framework and the scoping review methodology provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute. In section i) we outline our research questions. In section ii) we describe our process for identifying studies that examine the mental health of siblings of a child with a mental disorder and studies that provide evidence on resources directed specifically at these siblings. We will search peer-review and grey literature published between 2011 and 2022 from OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, CINAHL Complete, Proquest Nursing and Allied Health, PsycINFO (via APA platform), Proquest Sociology Collection and Web of Science Core Collection and Proquest Theses and Dissertations. Section iii) describes our process for selecting relevant studies. In sections iv and v, we describe our methods for charting and summarizing relevant data. Finally, in section vi) we describe our integrative knowledge translation plan that aims to include knowledge users in interpretating and translating evidence gathered from the proposed review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terrance J. Wade
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan F. Andrade
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dillon Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Negin A. Riazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Yates
- Brock University Library, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Tagalakis
- Family Partnership Program, Children’s Mental Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen A. Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Wunram HL, Hamacher S, Oberste M, Neufang S, Belke L, Jänicke F, Graf C, Schönau E, Bender S, Fricke O. Influence of motivational placebo-related factors on the effects of exercise treatment in depressive adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-14. [PMID: 33709258 PMCID: PMC9343287 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses reveal a moderate effect of physical activity (PA) in the treatment of adolescent depression. However, not only the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, also the influences of placebo-related motivational factors (beliefs and expectancies in sporting, enjoyment and prior sports experiences), are still unclear. Based on the data of our prior study "Mood Vibes", we hypothesized that placebo-inherent factors like positive prior sports experiences and motivational factors, (positive beliefs, expectancies, and enjoyment related to PA), would increase the effects of an add-on exercise-therapy in juvenile depression. From 64 included depressed adolescents, 41 underwent an intensive add-on PA-therapy. Motivational factors were assessed using sport-specific scales. The changes in depression scores under treatment were rated by self-rating scale (German "Childhood Depression Inventory", (DIKJ)). A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) was used to analyze the effects of the different motivational variates on DIKJ. While prior sports experiences had no impact, motivational factors showed a significant effect on PA-induced changes in DIKJ scores (p = 0.002). The demotivated participants improved less, whereas it was sufficient to be neutral towards sporting to benefit significantly more. Motivational placebo-related factors (beliefs, expectancies and enjoyment regarding PA) affected the outcomes of an exercise treatment in depressed adolescents. Yet, a neutral mindset was sufficient to profit more from PA. Prior sporting in the sense of positive conditioning and as a protective factor did not play a role. Knowledge about these influences could in a second step help to develop tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Lioba Wunram
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hamacher
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Oberste
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Neufang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luisa Belke
- Children’s Hospital Amsterdam Street, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christine Graf
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schönau
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne and UniReha®, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Fricke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Child Neurology, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke and Chairs of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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15
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Moulin F, El-Aarbaoui T, Bustamante JJH, Héron M, Mary-Krause M, Rouquette A, Galéra C, Melchior M. Risk and protective factors related to children's symptoms of emotional difficulties and hyperactivity/inattention during the COVID-19-related lockdown in France: results from a community sample. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-12. [PMID: 33751230 PMCID: PMC7942211 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 epidemic has spread worldwide since December 2019. To contain it, preventive measures including social distancing, economic shutdown, and school closures were introduced, carrying the risk of mental health burden in adults and children. Although the knowledge base regarding children's response to trauma and adverse events in general has broadened, descriptions of their mental health during epidemics remain scarce. In particular, the role of family socioeconomic characteristics and parental mental health are poorly understood. METHODS We assessed the correlates of children's emotional difficulties and symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention during the COVID-19 lockdown in a French community-based sample. Data came from 432 community-based parents (27-46 years, TEMPO cohort) and their children (mean age 6.8 ± 4.1) interviewed online. Children's symptoms of emotional difficulties and hyperactivity/inattention were assessed using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire during the 5th week of home confinement. Family socioeconomic characteristics and parental mental health and substance use were assessed weekly during the first 5 weeks of home confinement. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS 7.1% of children presented symptoms of emotional difficulties and 24.7% symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention. Family financial difficulties and parental symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as children's sleeping difficulties and screen time, were associated with the presence of psychological difficulties. CONCLUSION Children's emotional and behavioural difficulties are associated with parental mental health and socioeconomic difficulties. In the unprecedented situation of the COVID-19 epidemic, parents and professionals involved in caring for children should pay special attention to their mental health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Moulin
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U 1219, Bordeaux, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | - Mégane Héron
- INSERM Sorbonne Université, IPLESP, ERES UMRS 1136, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- INSERM Sorbonne Université, IPLESP, ERES UMRS 1136, Paris, France
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16
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Borchers LR, Bruckert L, Chahal R, Mastrovito D, Ho TC, Gotlib IH. White Matter Microstructural Properties of the Cerebellar Peduncles Predict Change in Symptoms of Psychopathology in Adolescent Girls. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:380-390. [PMID: 34309819 PMCID: PMC8811714 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Internalizing symptoms typically emerge in adolescence and are more prevalent in females than in males; in contrast, externalizing symptoms typically emerge in childhood and are more commonly observed in males. Previous research has implicated aspects of white matter organization, including fractional anisotropy (FA), of cerebral tracts in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Although the cerebellum has been posited to integrate limbic and cortical regions, its role in psychopathology is not well understood. In this longitudinal study, we investigated whether FA of the superior (SCP), middle (MCP), and inferior cerebellar peduncles (ICP) predict change in symptoms and whether sex moderates this association. One hundred eleven adolescents completed the Youth Self-Report, assessing symptoms at baseline (ages 9-13 years) and again 2 years later. Participants also underwent diffusion-weighted imaging at baseline. We used deterministic tractography to segment and compute mean FA of the cerebellar peduncles. Lower FA of the right SCP at baseline predicted increases in internalizing symptoms in females only. Lower FA in the right SCP and ICP also predicted increases in externalizing symptoms in females, but these associations did not survive multiple comparison correction. There was no association between FA of the cerebellar peduncles and change in symptoms in males or between MCP FA and symptom changes in males or females. Organizational properties of the SCP may be a sex-specific marker of internalizing symptom changes in adolescence. The cerebellar peduncles should be explored further in future studies to elucidate sex differences in symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Borchers
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Lisa Bruckert
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rajpreet Chahal
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dana Mastrovito
- Allen Institute, 615 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry & Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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17
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Raemen L, Claes L, Verschueren M, Van Oudenhove L, Vandekerkhof S, Triangle I, Luyckx K. Personal identity, somatic symptoms, and symptom-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors: Exploring associations and mechanisms in adolescents and emerging adults. SELF AND IDENTITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2063371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leni Raemen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sarah Vandekerkhof
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Resilient People, Ucll Research and Expertise, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ine Triangle
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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18
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Saito T, Ishida M, Nishiyori A, Ochiai T, Katagiri H, Matsumoto H. Efficacy and Safety of Duloxetine in Children and Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder in Japan: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Followed by an Open-Label Long-Term Extension Trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2022; 32:132-142. [PMID: 35319270 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2021.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in children and adolescents (9-17 years of age) with major depressive disorder (MDD) in Japan. Methods: This study consists of two clinical trials. First, a 6-week, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted. The primary endpoint of RCT was the change in Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) total scores from baseline. Following RCT, an open-label long-term extension trial (OLE) was conducted to investigate the longer-term safety of duloxetine for ∼1 year. Results: In RCT, CDRS-R total score changes from baseline to 6 weeks after the start of administration (primary endpoint) were -21.03 in the duloxetine group (n = 74) and -22.42 in the placebo group (n = 74). No significant difference was observed in the primary endpoint between the groups (p = 0.5587). In addition, no significant difference was observed in secondary endpoints such as CDRS-R response rates. The proportion of patients with ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) in RCT was significantly higher in the duloxetine group (78.7%) than in the placebo group (62.2%), and most were mild or moderate in severity. Changes in CDRS-R total scores during OLE, in consecutive patients from the duloxetine group in RCT (n = 63), or placebo group (n = 59) in RCT, and newly enrolled patients (n = 28), were -12.1, -11.3, and -17.8, respectively. The proportion of patients with ≥1 TEAE in OLE was 90.5%, 88.1%, and 89.3% in the respective groups, and most of them were mild or moderate in severity. Conclusions: Duloxetine did not show superiority to placebo in efficacy in children and adolescents with MDD in Japan. Overall reported TEAEs were consistent with the currently available duloxetine safety profile and no new safety finding was observed in the two clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Saito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ishida
- Project Management Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideaki Katagiri
- Neuroscience and Pain Products, Bio-Medicines and Clinical Pharmacology Medical, Japan Drug Development and Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly Japan, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Rombouts M, Duinhof EL, Kleinjan M, Kraiss JT, Shields-Zeeman L, Monshouwer K. A school-based program to prevent depressive symptoms and strengthen well-being among pre-vocational students (Happy Lessons): protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial and implementation study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:139. [PMID: 35057774 PMCID: PMC8772193 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Depression is one of the leading causes of illness and disability among young people. In the Netherlands, one in twelve Dutch adolescents has experienced depression in the last 12 months. Pre-vocational students are at higher risk for elevated depressive symptoms. Effective interventions, especially for this risk group, are therefore needed to prevent the onset of depression or mitigate the adverse long-term effects of depression. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness and implementation of a school-based program Happy Lessons (HL), that aims to prevent depression and promote well-being among pre-vocational students.
Methods
A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with students randomized to HL or to care as usual will be conducted. Pre-vocational students in their first or second year (aged 12 to 14) will participate in the study. Subjects in both conditions will complete assessments at baseline and at 3- and 6-months follow-up. The primary outcome will be depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at 6-months follow-up. Secondary outcomes are well-being using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) and life satisfaction (Cantril Ladder) measured at 6-months follow-up. Alongside the trial, an implementation study will be conducted to evaluate the implementation of HL, using both quantitative and qualitative methods (interviews, survey, and classroom observations).
Discussion
The results from both the RCT and implementation study will contribute to the limited evidence base on effective school-based interventions for the prevention of depression and promotion of well-being among pre-vocational adolescents. In addition, insights from the implementation study will aid identifying factors relevant for optimizing the future implementation and scale-up of HL to other schools and contexts.
Trial registration
This study was registered on 20 September 2021 in the Dutch Trial Register (NL9732).
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20
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Olson JR, Benjamin PH, Azman AA, Kellogg MA, Pullmann MD, Suter JC, Bruns EJ. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Effectiveness of Wraparound Care Coordination for Children and Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1353-1366. [PMID: 33785404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wraparound is a common method for coordinating care for children and adolescents with serious emotional disorders (SED), with nearly 100,000 youths served annually in the United States. The current systematic review and meta-analysis estimated effects on youth outcomes (symptoms, functioning, school, juvenile justice, and residential placement) and costs. METHOD A literature search identified 17 peer-reviewed and gray literature studies meeting criteria, which were coded on characteristics of sample, design, implementation, and outcomes. Random effects modeling was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.0. Effect sizes were calculated using Hedges g. Homogeneity of effects were assessed using Q statistics. RESULTS Medium-sized effects favored Wraparound-enrolled youths for costs (g = 0.391, CI = 0.282-0.500, p < .001), residential outcomes (g = 0.413, CI = 0.176-0.650, p = .001), and school functioning (g = 0.397, CI = 0.106-0.688, p = .007); small effects were found for mental health symptoms (g = 0.358, CI = 0.030-0.687, p = .033) and functioning (g = 0.315, CI = 0.086-0.545, p = .007). Larger effects were found for peer-reviewed studies, quasi-experimental designs, samples with a larger percentage of youths of color, and Wraparound conditions with higher fidelity. CONCLUSION Results indicate positive effects for Wraparound, especially for maintaining youths with SED in the home and community. However, many studies showed methodological weaknesses, and fidelity measurement was largely absent, suggesting a need for additional research. Nonetheless, the results should aid decisions around resource allocation, referral practices, and system partnerships among child psychiatrists and other behavioral health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Olson
- Drs. Olson, Pullmann, Bruns, Mr. Benjamin, and Mss. Azman and Kellogg are with the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
| | - Philip H Benjamin
- Drs. Olson, Pullmann, Bruns, Mr. Benjamin, and Mss. Azman and Kellogg are with the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Alya A Azman
- Drs. Olson, Pullmann, Bruns, Mr. Benjamin, and Mss. Azman and Kellogg are with the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Marianne A Kellogg
- Drs. Olson, Pullmann, Bruns, Mr. Benjamin, and Mss. Azman and Kellogg are with the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Michael D Pullmann
- Drs. Olson, Pullmann, Bruns, Mr. Benjamin, and Mss. Azman and Kellogg are with the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Jesse C Suter
- Dr. Suter is with the Center on Disability and Community Inclusion, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Eric J Bruns
- Drs. Olson, Pullmann, Bruns, Mr. Benjamin, and Mss. Azman and Kellogg are with the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
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Koch SV, Andersson M, Hvelplund C, Skovgaard AM. Mental disorders in referred 0-3-year-old children: a population-based study of incidence, comorbidity and perinatal risk factors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1251-1262. [PMID: 32815033 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of mental disorders in early childhood is still under-researched. We aim to explore the incidence, comorbidities and risk factors of mental disorders in 0-3-year-olds referred to hospital settings. In a national cohort of 918,280 children born in 1997-2010, we calculated incidence rates per 1,000 person-years (IR) of first-time mental and developmental disorders diagnosed in hospitals before four years of age. Data were obtained from Danish population registries. We used logistic regression to analyse co-morbidity and Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the influence of pre- and perinatal risk factors. A total of 16,164 children (1.76%) were diagnosed with a mental (0.90%) or developmental disorder (1.05%). Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and disorders of hyperactivity and inattention (ADHD) were increasingly diagnosed with age. Feeding and eating disorders and disorders of social functioning were most frequent among the youngest children. Comorbidity was found in 18%, e.g., between PDD and ADHD (OR 135.8; 95% CI 112.0-164.7) or between ADHD and disorders of social functioning (OR 148.0; 95% CI 106.4-205.7). Young maternal age, old paternal age, maternal smoking in pregnancy, boy sex, premature birth and being small for gestational age were associated with highly increased risk of mental and developmental disorders. Mental and developmental disorders diagnosed within the first four years of life show increasing incidence rates and a complex pattern of comorbidities. Study findings point to the need of clinical and research attention towards the manifestations of developmental psychopathology in very young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne V Koch
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zealand Region, Smedegade 16, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. .,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Hvelplund
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Skovgaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Coetzee BJ, Gericke H, Human S, Stallard P, Loades M. What should a Universal School-Based Psychoeducational Programme to Support Psychological Well-Being amongst Children and Young People in South Africa Focus on and how should it be Delivered? A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 14:189-200. [PMID: 35273653 PMCID: PMC8897361 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-021-09465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Children and young people are vulnerable to developing mental health problems. In South Africa, this vulnerability is compounded by contextual risk factors such as community violence and poverty. However, mental health services are scarce and costly, which precludes access for many. Universal school-based mental health programmes can prevent the onset of mental health problems in children and young people and have been implemented to good effect in high-income settings. We sought to understand stakeholder perspectives on what such a programme should focus on and how it could be implemented in practice within the South African context. We interviewed children and young people (n = 22), parents (n = 21), teachers (n = 17), and school mental health counsellors (n = 6) recruited from two schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. We generated three overarching themes: ‘the value of a mental health and well-being programme’, ‘content and delivery’, and ‘practicalities and logistics’. Participants were optimistic about the potential value of such a programme. Developing content that was appropriate for group delivery, flexible and timed to fit within the school schedule was important. Finding ways to make activities meaningful for large classes was important logistically, as was determining to what extent leaners would feel comfortable participating alongside their peers. Participants felt that outsiders, as opposed to school staff, should deliver the programme and that parents should be involved where possible. Developing a mental health programme for children and young people in the South African context requires careful understanding of who the key role players in such an intervention will be and how exactly they want to be involved and, how the challenges associated with practicalities and logistics can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwynè J. Coetzee
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hermine Gericke
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Suzanne Human
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Maria Loades
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Exploring Perinatal Indicators of Infant Social-Emotional Development: A Review of the Replicated Evidence. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2021; 24:450-483. [PMID: 34125355 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-021-00356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of infant social-emotional development for outcomes across the lifecourse has been amply demonstrated. Despite this, most screening measures of social-emotional development are designed for children 18 months of age and over, with a clear gap in earlier infancy. No systematic review has yet harvested the evidence for candidate indicators in the perinatal window. This paper examines modifiable risk and protective factors for two seminal early markers of social-emotional development: attachment security and behavioral regulation mid-infancy. We searched meta-analytic and longitudinal studies of developmental relationships between modifiable exposures in the perinatal window (pregnancy to 10 months postpartum) and attachment and behavioral regulation status measured between 12 and 18 months. Six electronic databases were used: ERIC, PsycINFO, Medline Complete, Informit, Embase, and Scopus. Twelve meta-analytic reviews and 38 original studies found replicated evidence for 12 indicators across infant, caregiving, and contextual domains predictive of infant behavioral regulation and attachment status between 12 and 18 months. Key among these were caregiving responsiveness, maternal mental health, couple relationship, and SES as a contextual factor. Perinatal factors most proximal to the infant had the strongest associations with social-emotional status. Beyond very low birthweight and medical risk, evidence for infant-specific factors was weaker. Risk and protective relationships were related but not always inverse. Findings from this review have the potential to inform the development of reliable tools for early screening of infant social-emotional development for application in primary care and population health contexts.
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24
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Cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress in ADHD compared to conduct disorder and major depressive disorder: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:899-916. [PMID: 34089765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BERNHARD, A., J. S. Mayer, N. Fann, and C. M. Freitag. Cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress in ADHD compared to Conduct Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: A systematic review. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV XX(X) XXX-XXX, 2020. - Heterogeneous alterations of the cortisol stress response in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were recently reported by a systematic literature review. To investigate the moderating effect of frequent psychiatric comorbidities, we systematically searched for studies on cortisol stress response to psychosocial stress in ADHD compared to Conduct Disorder (CD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) following PRISMA guidelines. EBSCOhost and PubMed databases were searched in July 2020, employing relevant keywords. Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. While blunted cortisol stress response was consistently reported in individuals with CD and/or Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), alterations of cortisol stress response were less pronounced in ADHD. Consistently blunted cortisol stress response in ADHD was only found in children with comorbid CD/ODD. Results on cortisol stress response in children and adolescents with MDD were mixed, and no indication for influence of comorbid MDD on cortisol stress response in ADHD was found. Taken together, altered cortisol stress response in ADHD is driven by comorbidity with disruptive behavior disorders. Limitations of previous research and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
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25
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Lanfredi M, Macis A, Ferrari C, Meloni S, Pedrini L, Ridolfi ME, Zonca V, Cattane N, Cattaneo A, Rossi R. Maladaptive behaviours in adolescence and their associations with personality traits, emotion dysregulation and other clinical features in a sample of Italian students: a cross-sectional study. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2021; 8:14. [PMID: 33941285 PMCID: PMC8094601 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-021-00154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion Dysregulation (ED), childhood trauma and personality are linked to the occurrence of maladaptive behaviours in adolescence which, in turn, may be related to increased risk for psychopathology in the life course. We sought to explore the relationship among the occurrence of different clusters of maladaptive behaviours and ED, clinical features (i.e. impulsivity, childhood maltreatment, anxiety, depressive symptoms) and personality traits that have been found to be associated to Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), in a sample of 179 adolescent students. METHODS Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was applied to detect clustered types of maladaptive behaviours and groups of students were defined as individuals engaging in these clustered behaviours (non-suicidal self-injury-NSSI, binge eating, binge drinking, cannabis use, and sexual risk behaviours). Logistic models were used to evaluate the association among clinical scales, and student groups. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate whether clinical features affected the association between personality traits and student groups. RESULTS MCA analysis allowed to identify three student groups: NSSI/binge eating (NSSI-BE) behaviours, other maladaptive behaviours and "none". Higher scores in ED, impulsivity, childhood maltreatment, anxiety and depressive symptoms increased the risk of belonging to the cluster of NSSI-BE behaviours compared to the other two groups. ED, depression and anxiety symptoms were found to be mediators of the relationship between specific personality traits, mainly pertaining to the negative affectivity construct, and NSSI/BE. CONCLUSIONS Individuals engaging in NSSI-BE behaviours represent a vulnerable adolescent population. ED, depression and anxiety were mediators of the relationship between a variety of personality traits related to BPD and NSSI and binge eating behaviours. Findings have important clinical implications in terms of prevention and interventions among adolescents engaging in self-damaging behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Lanfredi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, I-25125, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ambra Macis
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Meloni
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, I-25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Pedrini
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, I-25125, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Zonca
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, I-25125, Brescia, Italy
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26
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Dokuhaki S, Dokuhaki F, Akbarzadeh M. The relationship of maternal anxiety, positive and negative affect schedule, and fatigue with neonatal psychological health upon childbirth. Contracept Reprod Med 2021; 6:12. [PMID: 33789765 PMCID: PMC8015046 DOI: 10.1186/s40834-021-00155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of mothers to negative moods and stress before childbirth leads to negative consequences for the infants. Given the importance of psychological health, this study aimed to examine the effect of these factors on the infants' psychological health. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz hospitals on 110 pregnant women selected with multistage random sampling. Research tools included The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) to measure fatigue with three criteria; The Positive and Negative Emotion Schedule (PANAS); and The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to measure maternal mood and anxiety level. Also, neonatal psychological health was assessed by a checklist. Neonatal psychological health's correlation with maternal anxiety, fatigue, and mental state was assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS-19 software using Pearson correlation coefficient and statistical regression at the significance level of 0.05. RESULT Although there was no significant relationship between maternal anxiety score and neonatal psychological health after birth (p = 0.231; r=-0.343), the relationship was significant immediately after birth with positive (P < 0.001; r = 0.343) and negative affect scores (P < 0.001; r=-0.357). CONCLUSIONS There was a statistically significant relationship between the neonatal psychological health and maternal fatigue (p ≤ 0.001; r = -0.357) and PANAS (p ≤ 0.001) of the mother; however, it had no significant relationship with maternal anxiety (p = 0.231; r=- 0.343). Therefore, nurses and midwives can reduce maternal anxiety and improve neonatal mental health by supporting mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dokuhaki
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fateme Dokuhaki
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Maternal-fetal Medicine Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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27
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Bradshaw M, Gericke H, Coetzee BJ, Stallard P, Human S, Loades M. Universal school-based mental health programmes in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Prev Med 2021; 143:106317. [PMID: 33159922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety pose a significant burden during adolescence, which may have consequences for adulthood and future generations. The mental health needs of children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries are not adequately addressed due to a lack of availability and access to services, and limited intervention research in these contexts. Universal school-based interventions provide a unique and potentially scalable opportunity to prevent and address mental health concerns amongst children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review aimed to identify and provide a narrative synthesis of universal school-based programmes delivered to children (aged 6-18 years) in low- and middle-income countries reporting on anxiety and/or depression outcomes. We searched Academic Search Premier, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations using a pre-specified search strategy. Of the 12,478 articles identified, 12 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The included studies report on a variety of interventions differing in approach, format and content. Given the small number of studies and concerns with study quality, we are unable to conclude that universal school-based interventions may reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in children in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bradshaw
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - Hermine Gericke
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - Bronwynè J Coetzee
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - Paul Stallard
- Department for Health, Unviersity of Bath, 1 West, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Suzanne Human
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - Maria Loades
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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28
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Jensen-Doss A, Patel ZS, Casline E, Mora Ringle VA, Timpano KR. Using Mechanical Turk to Study Parents and Children: An Examination of Data Quality and Representativeness. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 51:428-442. [PMID: 33448875 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1815205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a popular data collection tool that is increasingly used to study parents and children. We examined the quality of data obtained via MTurk, the representativeness of parents on MTurk, and whether the wording of MTurk recruitment materials is related to sample characteristics.Method: Participants were 650 parents with children aged 4 to 17 recruited for two separate studies (64.6% female, 83.8% Caucasian, mean age = 37.6 years). The Mental Health Survey (N = 322) recruitment materials described a study about mental health and the Health Survey (N = 328) materials only referenced health; both surveys restricted participation to parents in the United States (U.S.). Parents completed measures about demographics, mental health service seeking history, and parent and youth psychopathology.Results: Participants provided reliable responses on study measures, with low rates of missing data. Participants were more female, less racially/ethnically diverse, and more educated than the U.S. population, and also had more children per household. Over 40% of parents and 30% of children had previously received mental health services and many scored in the clinical range on measures of psychopathology. Contrary to hypotheses, mental health help seeking was higher in the Health Survey than the Mental Health survey.Conclusions: MTurk is a feasible method for child and adolescent clinical psychology research, although participants may not be fully demographically representative of the general population and could possibly be better considered an at-risk or clinical sample than a community sample.
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29
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Watsford C, Rickwood D. Young people's expectations, preferences, and experiences of therapy: Effects on clinical outcome, service use, and help‐seeking intentions. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Watsford
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia,
| | - Debra Rickwood
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia,
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30
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Beirão D, Monte H, Amaral M, Longras A, Matos C, Villas-Boas F. Depression in adolescence: a review. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Depression is a common mental health disease, especially in mid to late adolescence that, due to its particularities, is a challenge and requires an effective diagnosis. Primary care providers are often the first line of contact for adolescents, being crucial in identifying and managing this pathology. Besides, several entities also recommend screening for depression on this period. Thus, the main purpose of this article is to review the scientific data regarding screening, diagnosis and management of depression in adolescence, mainly on primary care settings.
Main body
Comprehension of the pathogenesis of depression in adolescents is a challenging task, with both environmental and genetic factors being associated to its development. Although there are some screening tests and diagnostic criteria, its clinical manifestations are wide, making its diagnosis a huge challenge. Besides, it can be mistakenly diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders, making necessary to roll-out several differential diagnoses. Treatment options can include psychotherapy (cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal therapy) and/or pharmacotherapy (mainly fluoxetine), depending on severity, associated risk factors and available resources. In any case, treatment must include psychoeducation, supportive approach and family involvement. Preventive programs play an important role not only in reducing the prevalence of this condition but also in improving the health of populations.
Conclusion
Depression in adolescence is a relevant condition to the medical community, due to its uncertain clinical course and underdiagnosis worldwide. General practitioners can provide early identification, treatment initiation and referral to mental health specialists when necessary.
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31
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Grant C, Widnall E, Cross L, Simonoff E, Downs J. Informing the development of an E-platform for monitoring wellbeing in schools: involving young people in a co-design process. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2020; 6:51. [PMID: 32908677 PMCID: PMC7470434 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-020-00219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of new technologies and methodologies in young people's mental health research is needed to allow more frequent and reliable sampling. Mobile applications and e-platforms create exciting potential for the collection of large-scale cohort data, however there are various feasibility and ethical issues to consider. Consultation with young people is needed to inform the research agenda, and ensure these technologies are engaging, useful and safe. This article describes the process of Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) with a sample of young people in London, with the aim of i) informing the development of a mood-monitoring e-platform, and ii) providing feedback and advice for researchers developing web-based technologies in the mental health field. METHODS A total of 26 young people were consulted across four advisory group co-design sessions. All young people were students enrolled at one of the participating London based sixth form colleges, and voluntarily attended a workshop session. Audio recordings of the sessions were analysed using a thematic analysis framework. RESULTS We found that young people were engaged in discussions around mobile health technologies and valued the opportunity to collaborate throughout the early stages of the development process The advisory groups identified key considerations for future web-development work to encourage engagement and prolonged use, including, the promotion of trust and transparency, consideration of accessibility, provision of support, production of engaging and functional design, and acknowledgment of specific contextual influences surrounding young people's wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS Involving young people in the development process of e-health technologies contributes to optimising the successful adoption and prolonged usage of new methodologies. The thematic map and informant examples can be used to guide researchers interested in developing web-based technologies in the mental health field and will be directly applicable to the development of a mood-monitoring e-platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Grant
- King’s College London, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Emily Widnall
- King’s College London, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Lauren Cross
- King’s College London, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Emily Simonoff
- King’s College London, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, London, UK
- The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM BRC), London, UK
| | - Johnny Downs
- King’s College London, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, London, UK
- The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM BRC), London, UK
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32
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de la Peña FR, Cruz-Fuentes C, Palacios L, Girón-Pérez MI, Medina-Rivero E, Ponce-Regalado MD, Alvarez-Herrera S, Pérez-Sánchez G, Becerril-Villanueva E, Maldonado-García JL, Jiménez-Martínez MC, Pavón L. Serum levels of chemokines in adolescents with major depression treated with fluoxetine. World J Psychiatry 2020; 10:175-186. [PMID: 32874955 PMCID: PMC7439300 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v10.i8.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages. Although between 2% and 5.6% of affected individuals are adolescents, research on young patients is limited. The inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression, and in adult MDD patients, symptom severity has been linked to chemokine levels. AIM To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers (HVs) and adolescents with MDD, and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine consume. METHODS The 22 adolescents with MDD were monitored during the first 8 wk of clinical follow-up and clinical psychiatric evaluation was done using the Hamilton depresión rating scale (HDRS). The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, interleukin (IL)-8, interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, and eotaxin were measured in patients and HVs. RESULTS In all cases, significant differences were detected in circulating chemokine levels between patients before treatment and HVs (P < 0.0001). All chemokines decreased at 4 wk, but only MCP-1 and IL-8 significantly differed (P < 0.05) between 0 wk and 4 wk. In the patients, all chemokines rose to their initial concentrations by 8 wk vs 0 wk, but only IP-10 did so significantly (P < 0.05). All patients experienced a significant decrease in HDRS scores at 4 wk (P < 0.0001) and 8 wk (P < 0.0001) compared with 0 wk. CONCLUSION Despite the consumption of fluoxetine, patients had significantly higher chemokine levels, even after considering the improvement in HDRS score. The high levels of eotaxin, IP-10, and IL-8 partially explain certain aspects that are affected in MDD such as cognition, memory, and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rafael de la Peña
- Adolescent Clinic, Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cruz-Fuentes
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Lino Palacios
- Adolescent Clinic, Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic 63000, Mexico
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Emilio Medina-Rivero
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Maria Dolores Ponce-Regalado
- Departamento de Ciencias de Salud, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara Av Rafael Casillas Aceves No.1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, 47610, Mexico
| | - Samantha Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maldonado-García
- Laboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - María C Jiménez-Martínez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
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Difficulties associated with the diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder in a 16-year-old boy treated in the past for ADHD and ODD – case study. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this article is to discuss the difficulties and complexities of the bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) diagnostic process in an adolescent. The case of suspected occurrence of bipolar affective disorder in an adolescent who was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in childhood was presented.
Case report: A 16-year-old boy was treated in the past for ADHD and ODD. The reason for the current admission to the pediatric psychiatry ward was the behavioral change that disturbed the caregivers: he has become more restless, irritable, explosive. A few nights prior to hospitalization, he was very agitated, chaotic, physically and verbally aggressive.
At admission he was disorganized, tense, in strong hand manipulation anxiety. He displayed alternating attention and loquacity. His statements were chaotic, his thinking accelerated. He displayed grandiose delusions. He was uncritical.
After the treatment, mood, psychomotor drive and circadian rhythms stabilisation were achieved. Discharged from the ward with the recommendation of further outpatient treatment and continuation of psychotherapeutic interactions.
Conclusions:
1.
The diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder in adolescents is a complex and difficult process. The expression of symptoms of this disorder during adolescence is different than in adults.
2.
Differential diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder for a 16-year-old boy should also consider both past ADHD and ODD and their possible sequelae should be taken into account, as well as the risk of abnormal personality development.
3.
Due to the high dynamics of changes associated with the adolescence period, further pharmacological treatment of bipolar affective disorder should be combined with psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Mennies RJ, Birk SL, Norris LA, Olino TM. The Main and Interactive Associations between Demographic Factors and Psychopathology and Treatment Utilization in Youth: A Test of Intersectionality in the ABCD Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2020; 49:5-17. [PMID: 32737734 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Demographic factors may be associated with youth psychopathology due to social-contextual factors that may also pose barriers to intervention. Further, in line with intersectionality theory, youth with multiple non-dominant identities may be most likely to experience psychopathology and face barriers to care. This study examined rates of parent-reported psychopathology and mental health treatment utilization as a function of several demographic characteristics (in isolation and in concert) in a population-based, demographically diverse sample of 11,875 9- to 10-year-old youth. Results indicated most consistently that lower SES was associated with greater rates of psychopathology and greater likelihood of treatment utilization; that Asian American youth (relative to all other racial groups) and Hispanic/Latinx (relative to non-Hispanic/Latinx) youth were less likely to have a history of psychopathology or to have utilized treatment; and that male youth had greater rates of lifetime Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and were more likely to have utilized treatment. There was more modest support for interactive effects between demographic factors on psychopathology, which are discussed. The present study provides some support for differential rates of parent-reported psychopathology and treatment utilization as a function of demographic identities in youth. Potential explanations for these differences (e.g., cultural differences in symptom presentation; underreporting of symptoms) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J Mennies
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Samantha L Birk
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Lesley A Norris
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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Casey P, Patalay P, Deighton J, Miller SD, Wolpert M. The Child Outcome Rating Scale: validating a four-item measure of psychosocial functioning in community and clinic samples of children aged 10-15. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1089-1102. [PMID: 31659441 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial functioning is considered an important and valued outcome in relation to young people's mental health as a construct distinct from psychiatric symptomology, especially in the light of an increasing focus on transdiagnostic approaches. Yet, the level of psychosocial functioning is rarely directly asked of young people themselves, despite the widespread recognition that the young person's perspective is valuable and is often at odds with those of other reporters, such as parents or professionals. One possible reason for this is that the field lacks a clear agreed tool to capture this information in a non-burdensome way. To begin to address this gap, this paper describes psychometric analysis of the Child Outcome Rating Scale (CORS), a brief and highly accessible self-report measure of young people's psychosocial functioning already used extensively by mental health professionals around the world but with only limited data on psychometric robustness. Using large community (n = 7822) and clinic (n = 2604) samples, we explore the factor structure, construct validity, internal consistency, differential item functioning, and sensitivity of the CORS. We found that the CORS stands up to psychometric scrutiny, having found satisfactory levels of reliability, validity, and sensitivity in this sample. We also found that the CORS is suitable for use with young people as old as 15 years old. That the CORS has been found to be psychometrically robust while being highly feasible (brief, simple, easy to administer) for use in busy clinical settings, combined with the fact that the CORS has already been widely adopted by clinicians and young people, suggests CORS may be an important tool for international use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Casey
- Evidence Based Practice Unit (EBPU), UCL and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, The Kantor Centre of Excellence, 4-8 Rodney Street, London, N1 9JH, UK.
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, UCL, London, UK
| | - Jessica Deighton
- Evidence Based Practice Unit (EBPU), UCL and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, The Kantor Centre of Excellence, 4-8 Rodney Street, London, N1 9JH, UK
| | - Scott D Miller
- International Center for Clinical Excellence, Chicago, USA
| | - Miranda Wolpert
- Evidence Based Practice Unit (EBPU), UCL and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, The Kantor Centre of Excellence, 4-8 Rodney Street, London, N1 9JH, UK
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Bukola G, Bhana A, Petersen I. Planning for child and adolescent mental health interventions in a rural district of South Africa: a situational analysis. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2020; 32:45-65. [PMID: 32552512 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2020.1765787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a situational analysis as part of formative work to inform the development of community-based mental health services for children and adolescents at a district level. The purpose of the situational analysis was to determine the current state of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH), the available resources for CAMH, the range of services provided, and the existing pathways to CAMH care in a low-resource district with a view to developing a district mental health plan to improve access to CAMH services. Methods: Data for this situational analysis was collected from a rural district in the KwaZulu-Natal province using mixed methods. The qualitative component explored various stakeholders' (n = 26) perspectives using semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data for the study was collected using an adaptation of the situation analysis tool developed by the PRIME consortium. Results: The findings revealed the need to strengthen all the basic building blocks of the health system due to the weaknesses identified in the current CAMH care system in the district. The result of the situational analysis revealed that the provision of CAMH services in the district is sparse, uncoordinated, and not prioritised. Discussion: The findings of the study highlighted a severe shortage of specialised CAMH services in the district, poor integration of CAMH services into primary health care, and at the community platform there are deficits in the integrated school health programme. Further, the lack of a coordinated intersectoral collaborative system and well-defined referral pathways were revealed. Conclusion: The study highlights various challenges facing CAMH services at the Amajuba district. While these are not new, the study contributes to our understanding of the district level factors that may hinder the development of a district CAMH plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbotemi Bukola
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing & Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Arvin Bhana
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing & Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Inge Petersen
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing & Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Woodgate RL, Tailor K, Tennent P, Wener P, Altman G. The experience of the self in Canadian youth living with anxiety: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228193. [PMID: 32004336 PMCID: PMC6993971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety can create serious disruption in the life and mind of youth who are affected. Youth living with anxiety suffer a wealth of physical and psychological challenges, yet little is known about how anxiety influences the sense of the self. The purpose of this research was to explore the experience of the self in a sample of Canadian youth living with anxiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS The qualitative research approach of hermeneutic phenomenology was used. The sample consisted of 58 Canadian youth with anxiety, 44 females and 14 males between the ages of 10 and 22. Youth took part in open-ended interviewing, ecomaps, and photovoice. Data analysis followed a staged process, informed by Max van Manen. All sources of data were included in the analysis to form thematic statements. RESULTS Entering into the lifeworld of youth revealed that they suffered deeply. A fractured sense of self underlined their experience, setting up for a great deal of self-scrutiny and a lack of self-compassion. They experienced a profound sense of responsibility for others at the loss of being-there-for-oneself. Navigating their social sphere presented an additional challenge. However, youth were genuinely interested in self-discovery through awareness and reflection. CONCLUSIONS The phenomenological accounts by youth on living with anxiety reinforce the challenges they experienced within themselves that give rise to a great deal of inner turmoil. Care and support to youth with anxiety requires an understanding of the ways in which the self may be fractured by their experiences with anxiety. Providing young people with an opportunity to share with others who had similar lived experiences can serve to contribute to a sense of healing for youth, while also providing a safe space in which young people can let down their guard and openly acknowledge or share their experiences without fear of stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta L. Woodgate
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ketan Tailor
- Counseling and Psychological Services, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Pauline Tennent
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pamela Wener
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gary Altman
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba and PsycHealth Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Debbia F, Rodríguez-Muñoz PM, Carmona-Torres JM, Hidalgo-Lopezosa P, Cobo-Cuenca AI, López-Soto PJ, Rodríguez-Borrego MA. Association between Physical Activity, Food Consumption and Depressive Symptoms Among Young Adults in Spain: Findings of a National Survey. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:59-65. [PMID: 31868551 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1672223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Young adults have a significant prevalence of mental disorders, which could lead to dysfunctional quality of life. Records of 1,645 Spanish adolescents were examined and multiple logistic regressions were performed. Being a woman, being older and having a sedentary life were all associated with a higher psychological vulnerability, whereas a low frequency of fresh fruit and bread/cereals consumption, as well as regular intense physical activity, were considered protective against such susceptibility. Regular physical activity and a diet with a high consumption of fruit and cereals may help reduce depressive symptoms, but sociodemographic features are as much as important as lifestyle habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Debbia
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pedro Hidalgo-Lopezosa
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Jesús López-Soto
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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39
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Wang X, Gao L, Yang J, Zhao F, Wang P. Parental Phubbing and Adolescents’ Depressive Symptoms: Self-Esteem and Perceived Social Support as Moderators. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:427-437. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Cluster Randomized Trial of a Multicomponent School-Based Program in Mexico to Prevent Behavioral Problems and Develop Social Skills in Children. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Bélanger M, Gallant F, Doré I, O'Loughlin JL, Sylvestre MP, Abi Nader P, Larouche R, Gunnell K, Sabiston CM. Physical activity mediates the relationship between outdoor time and mental health. Prev Med Rep 2019; 16:101006. [PMID: 31720202 PMCID: PMC6838503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both spending time outdoors and participating in physical activity improve mental health. Given that the outdoor environment provides an ideal location for physical activity, better understanding of the relationships among time spent outdoors, physical activity and positive mental health is needed to help guide interventions. The aim was to examine if physical activity moderates or mediates the relationship between outdoor time and positive mental health. Two-hundred-forty-two participants (15 ± 1 years old, 59% girls) from New Brunswick, Canada were included in the current analysis. Youth self-reported time spent outdoors and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) three times between October 2016 and June 2017. Data on their mental health were collected in October 2017. Values of outdoor time and MVPA were averaged across the three time points to represent the exposure and mediator variables, respectively. Mental health, dichotomized as flourishing/not flourishing, was the outcome in the mediation analysis. An interaction term tested if the mediation effect depended on outdoor time. Analyses were undertaken in 2019 using the mediation package in R. In univariate analyses, both MVPA (p < 0.001) and outdoor time (p = 0.05) were positive predictors of flourishing mental health. In mediation analyses, a small indirect mediation (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) and no direct (1.00, 0.98-1.05) effect were noted, suggesting that MVPA mediates the effect of outdoor time on positive mental health. This effect did not vary as a function of outdoor time (interaction: 1.00, 0.99-1.01). Physical activity mediates the relationship between outdoor time and positive mental health. Outdoor time could promote positive mental health among youth through increases in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bélanger
- Department of Family Medecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l’Université Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 100 rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 7R1, Canada
- Research Services, Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - François Gallant
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 100 rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 7R1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. O'Loughlin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Patrick Abi Nader
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 100 rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 7R1, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Katie Gunnell
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Carleton University, 330 Paterson Hall, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
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van der Velden PG, Das M, Muffels R. The stability and latent profiles of mental health problems among Dutch young adults in the past decade: A comparison of three cohorts from a national sample. Psychiatry Res 2019; 282:112622. [PMID: 31733419 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study reported here was to assess whether the prevalence of mental health problems (MHP) among Dutch 19-24 year old adults increased in the past decade and/or whether the distribution of latent profiles of mental health problems changed over the years. For this purpose, data was extracted from the LISS panel, based on a representative national sample of the Dutch population. We focused on three exclusive groups who were 19-24 years old in 2007 (n = 383), 2012 (n = 351) or 2017 (n = 362). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the 2012 and 2017 group did not have more MHP according to seven mental health-related indicators including mental health services utilization. Latent profile analysis identified 4 classes of MHP profiles, labeled "healthy" (82.2%), "at risk" (9.6%), "clinical" (4.2%) and "treatment" (3.9%). The 2007, 2012 and 2017 cohorts were equally distributed across these four classes. However, females had systematically more health problems than males and more often belonged to the "at risk", "clinical" and "treatment" class. In sum, our findings do not support concerns about an increase in MHP or that problems have become more complex among Dutch young adults over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G van der Velden
- CentERdata, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Tilburg University's Network on Health and Labour (NETLAB), Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Das
- CentERdata, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Tilburg University's Network on Health and Labour (NETLAB), Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud Muffels
- Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, and Tranzo (Scientific center for care and welfare), Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Tilburg University's Network on Health and Labour (NETLAB), Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Okado Y, Rowley C, Schepers SA, Long AM, Phipps S. Profiles of Adjustment in Pediatric Cancer Survivors and Their Prediction by Earlier Psychosocial Factors. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 43:1047-1058. [PMID: 29800307 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine individual differences in pediatric cancer survivors' psychosocial adjustment and test the psychosocial predictors, assessed 2-3 years earlier, of those differences. Method Pediatric cancer survivors (n = 209, aged 8-17 years at baseline) and their parents were followed for 4 years. They provided reports of survivors' psychosocial adjustment at 3 years post-baseline, and latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify subgroups of survivors who differed on those reports. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict group membership from self- and parent-reported psychosocial factors at baseline (child adjustment, disposition, and parental functioning) and at 1 year post-baseline (child social relations). Results The LPA revealed a 3-class model as the best fit: a "Resilient" group (65%), characterized by good psychosocial adjustment; a "Self-Reported At-Risk" group (23%), characterized by subclinical elevations in self-reported internalizing and attention problems; and a "Parent-Reported At-Risk" group (12%), characterized by subclinical elevations in parent-reported internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems and in self-reported attention problems. Several psychosocial predictors, including child posttraumatic stress, affectivity, and connectedness to school, as well as parental distress and overprotection, differentiated the Resilient group from the other groups, in expected directions. Conclusions The majority of pediatric cancer survivors exhibit enduring resilience. The protective factors identified for them-including positive affectivity and strong connectedness to school-may inform targeted prevention strategies for the minority of survivors who are at risk for maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Okado
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton
| | - Christina Rowley
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton
| | | | - Alanna M Long
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Sean Phipps
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
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Gutmann MT, Aysel M, Özlü-Erkilic Z, Popow C, Akkaya-Kalayci T. Mental health problems of children and adolescents, with and without migration background, living in Vienna, Austria. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:35. [PMID: 31528201 PMCID: PMC6737609 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to their indigenous peers, migrant children and adolescents are at increased risk for mental health problems. The aim of our study was to compare psychological disorders of children and adolescents with Turkish migration background and their native Austrian peers. METHODS We analysed 302 children and adolescents aged between 7 and 18 years. The sample consisted of 100 Austrian and 100 Turkish outpatients with mental health problems, and 102 healthy controls, 52 with Austrian and 50 with Turkish background, recruited from various Viennese local child and youth centres. RESULTS Native patients had more frequently externalizing problems (42.1%) compared to the Turkish-speaking sample (28%). However, in the control group, Turkish-speaking children and adolescents had higher levels of internalizing, depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to their native peers. CONCLUSIONS We found noticeable differences in psychological problems among children and adolescents with and without migration background. We assume that migration-related stress factors are responsible for these differences. Also, children and adolescents with migration background seek for psychological help less frequently than their indigenous peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Gutmann
- 0000 0004 0520 9719grid.411904.9Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General Hospital Baden-Mödling, Fürstenweg 8, 2371 Hinterbrühl, Austria
| | - Metin Aysel
- 0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zeliha Özlü-Erkilic
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dOutpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration-Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Popow
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Türkan Akkaya-Kalayci
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dOutpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration-Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Taylor LK, Goldberg MG, Tran MHD. Promoting Student Success: How Do We Best Support Child and Youth Survivors of Catastrophic Events? Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:82. [PMID: 31410584 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW School mental health services have achieved recognition for increased access to care and intervention completion rates. While best practice recommendations include connection of school mental health programming to multi-tiered systems of support that promote early identification and intervention, many schools struggle to operationalize student screening for trauma exposure, trauma symptoms, and service identification. Relatedly, progress monitoring for trauma symptoms, and the effect of trauma on school functioning in the context of catastrophic events, can also be difficult to systematically collect. RECENT FINDINGS Research regarding the effects of catastrophic events, such as exposure to natural disasters, terrorist attacks, war, or the journey to refugee status on children and youths school functioning, indicates salient age and gender differences among student responses. In addition, school professionals have been identified as sources of social support for students and as potential brokers to school linked intervention resources for children, youth, and their families. Based on our review, we outline recommendations for school professionals, including potential changes to school policies and procedures, and delineate future research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Melissa G Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Minh-Hao D Tran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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Kalucy D, Nixon J, Parvizian M, Fernando P, Sherriff S, McMellon J, D’Este C, Eades SJ, Williamson A. Exploring pathways to mental healthcare for urban Aboriginal young people: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025670. [PMID: 31371286 PMCID: PMC6677949 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the perceptions of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS) staff involved in providing mental healthcare to Aboriginal young people of the current and ideal pathways to mental healthcare for urban Aboriginal young people attending ACCHSs, and to identify what additional supports staff may need to provide optimal mental healthcare to Aboriginal young people. DESIGN Qualitative interview study conducted during May 2016-2017. SETTING Primary care, at two ACCHSs participating in the Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health in New South Wales. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sampling of staff involved in mental healthcare pathways of Aboriginal young people, including general practitioners (GPs), nurses and Aboriginal Health Workers (AHWs). RESULTS All individuals approached for interview (n=21) participated in the study. Four overarching themes and seven sub-themes were identified: availability and use of tools in practice (valuing training and desire for tools and established pathways), targeting the ideal care pathway (initiating care and guiding young people through care), influencing the care pathway (adversities affecting access to care and adapting the care pathway) and assessing future need (appraising service availability). CONCLUSIONS Participants desired screening tools, flexible guidelines and training for healthcare providers to support pathways to mental healthcare for Aboriginal young people. Both GPs and AHWs were considered key in identifying children at risk and putting young people onto a pathway to receive appropriate mental healthcare. AHWs were deemed important in keeping young people on the care pathway, and participants felt care pathways could be improved with the addition of dedicated child and adolescent AHWs. The ACCHSs were highlighted as essential to providing culturally appropriate care for Aboriginal young people experiencing mental health problems, and funding for mental health specialists to be based at the ACCHSs was considered a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Kalucy
- The Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janice Nixon
- The Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Parvizian
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Simone Sherriff
- The Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer McMellon
- Riverina Medical and Dental Aboriginal Corporation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine D’Este
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sandra J Eades
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Williamson
- The Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Blais M, Philibert M, Bergeron FA, Hébert M. Mental health service utilization in a sexually diverse, representative sample of high school students. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2019.1611686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Blais
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Philibert
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Martine Hébert
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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McQuillin SD, Lyons MD, Becker KD, Hart MJ, Cohen K. Strengthening and Expanding Child Services in Low Resource Communities: The Role of Task-Shifting and Just-in-Time Training. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 63:355-365. [PMID: 30834554 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, the demand for child mental health services is increasing, while the supply is limited by workforce shortages. These shortages are unlikely to be corrected without significant structural changes in how mental health services are provided. One strategy for bridging this gap is task-shifting, defined as a process by which services that are typically delivered by professionals are moved to individuals with less extensive qualifications or training. Although task-shifting can increase the size of the workforce, there are challenges related to training new workers. In this paper, we propose Just-In-Time Training (JITT) as one strategy for improving task-shifting efforts. We define JITT as on-demand training experiences that only include what is necessary, when it is necessary, to promote competent service delivery. We offer a proof of concept from our own work shifting counseling and academic support tasks from school mental health professionals to pre-baccalaureate mentors, citing lessons learned during our iterative process of JITT development. We conclude with a series of key considerations for scaling up the pairing of task-shifting and JITT, including expanding the science of JITT and anticipating how task-shifting and JITT would work within the context of dynamic mental health service systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katie Cohen
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Construct validity of a service-setting based measure to identify mental health problems in infancy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214112. [PMID: 30921359 PMCID: PMC6438593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating research document the needs of intervention towards mental health problems in early childhood. The general child health surveillance offers opportunities for early detection of mental health vulnerability, conditioned the availability of feasible and validated measures. The Copenhagen Infant Mental Health Questionnaire, CIMHQ, was developed to be feasible for community health nurses and comprehensive regarding the range of mental health problems seen in infancy. Previous testing of the CIMHQ has documented feasibility and face validity. The aim was to investigate the construct validity of the general population measure by using the Rasch measurement models, and to explore the differential functioning of the CIMHQ relative to a number of characteristics of the infants, local independence of items, and possible latent classes of infants. CIMHQ was tested in 2,973 infants from the general population, aged 9-10 months. The infants were assessed by community health nurses at home visits, in the period from March 2011 to December 2013. Rasch measurement models were used to investigate the construct validity of the CIMHQ. Analyses showed an overall construct valid scale of mental health problems, consisting of seven valid subscales of specific problems concerning eating, sleep, emotional reactions, attention, motor activity, communication, and language, respectively. The CIMHQ fitted a graphical loglinear Rasch model without differential item function. Analyses of local homogeneity identified two latent classes of infants. A simple model with almost no local dependency between items is proposed for infants with few problems, whereas a more complicated model characterizes infants with more problems. The measure CIMHQ differentiates between infants from the general population with few and more mental health problems, and between subgroups of problems that potentially can be targets of preventive intervention.
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Academic, Psychosocial, and Demographic Correlates of School-Based Health Center Utilization: Patterns by Service Type. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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