• aged
• obesity
• older adults
• prevalence
• sarcopenia

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Sarcopenia/epidemiology
• Sarcopenia/diagnosis
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Aged
• Prevalence
• Consensus
• Body Composition
• Middle Aged
• Obesity, Morbid/epidemiology
• Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology
• Obesity, Morbid/complications
• Obesity, Morbid/diagnosis
• Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
• Aged, 80 and over
• Hand Strength
• Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
• Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
• Body Mass Index

• Maintenance haemodialysis
• Mindfulness meditation
• Progressive muscle relaxation
• Quality of life
• Uremic sarcopenia

• Humans
• Quality of Life
• Male
• Female
• Renal Dialysis
• Meditation
• Middle Aged
• Mindfulness/methods
• Aged
• Sarcopenia/therapy
• Treatment Outcome

• Blood factors
• CHARLS
• Muscle weakness
• Sarcopenia

• Humans
• Sarcopenia/blood
• Sarcopenia/epidemiology
• Sarcopenia/diagnosis
• Male
• China/epidemiology
• Female
• Longitudinal Studies
• Aged
• Independent Living/statistics & numerical data
• C-Reactive Protein/analysis
• Middle Aged
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
• Blood Urea Nitrogen
• Retirement
• Risk Factors
• Logistic Models

Observational studies have suggested that depression is associated with sarcopenia. However, the causal relationship between depression and sarcopenia remains unclear.

To investigate the causal relationship between depression and sarcopenia.

We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to identify the bidirectional relationship between depression and sarcopenia-related traits. Summary-level data and independent variants used as instrumental variables came from large genome-wide association studies of depression (414055 cases and 892299 controls), of appendicular lean mass (ALM, 450243 participants), and of hand grip strength (exposure: 360000 participants; outcome: 334925 participants).

We identified a negative association of depression with lower ALM [odds ratio (OR): 0.932, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.889-0.979, P = 0.005]. In the reverse MR analysis, we also observed an inverse association of hand grip strength with depression (OR: 0.200, 95%CI: 0.108-0.370, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in sensitivity analyses.

Depression was causally related to decreased muscle mass, and declined muscle strength might lead to a higher risk of depression.

• Appendicular lean mass
• Depression
• Hand grip strength
• Mendelian randomization
• Older adults
• Sarcopenia

• (No. 2019YFC1710400; No. 2019YFC1710401) National Key Research and Development Program of China
• (No. 811774047; No. 82174172) The National Natural Science Foundation of China

• intestine
• organotypic
• skeletal muscle
• skin
• tissue engineering

• Skin
• Tissue Engineering

To describe the prevalence and analyse the associated factors of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia among community-dwelling old adults in China, in order to provide effective strategies for early prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

This cross-sectional study evaluated community-dwelling old adults aged over 60 years. The basic information, morphological indices, body composition, physical activities were collected and assessed. Possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia were diagnosed by the criteria of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019. A multivariate logistic regression model with stepwise method was employed to identify factors associated with possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia.

In total 729 old adults from Tianjin were included in this study. Eighty-one participants were diagnosed with possible sarcopenia (prevalence of 11.11%). Seventy-five participants were diagnosed with sarcopenia (prevalence of 10.29%). Age (odds ratio (OR):1.047, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055–1.090) and lower physical activities (low level OR:4.171, 95% CI:1.790–9.720; medium level OR:2.634, 95% CI:1.352–5.132) were significantly associated with possible sarcopenia. Age (OR:1.187, 95% CI:1.124–1.253), higher body fat percentage (OR:1.225, 95% CI:1.140–1.317), lower BMI (OR:0.424, 95% CI:0.346–0.519), lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores (OR:0.865,95% CI:0.781–0.958) and low physical activities (OR:4.638, 95% CI:1.683–12.782) were significantly associated with sarcopenia.

Possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia are prevalent among community-dwelling old adults in China. Ageing and lower physical activities were both associated with possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia. Old adults with sarcopenia more likely have higher body fat percentage, lower BMI and lower cognitive function compared with those without this condition.

• Associated factor
• Body fat
• Physical activity
• Possible sarcopenia
• Sarcopenia

• TNF-α
• aging
• apelin receptor (APJ)
• skeletal muscle

• Absorptiometry
• Body composition
• Fat mass
• HIV
• Lean mass
• Pediatrics
• Sarcopenia
• X-ray

Inflammatory processes are a cause of accelerated loss of muscle mass. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent age-related condition, which may promote and be promoted by inflammation. However, whether inflammation in MetS (metaflammation) is associated with lower muscle mass is still unclear.

Complete cross-sectional data on body composition, MetS, and the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were available for 1,377 BASE-II participants (51.1% women; 68 ± 4 years old). Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low muscle mass (low ALM-to-BMI ratio [ALMBMI]) was defined according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project. Regression models, adjusted for an increasing number of confounders (sex, age, physical activity, morbidities, diabetes mellitus type II, TSH, albumin, HbA1c, smoking habits, alcohol intake, education, and energy intake/day), were used to calculate the association between low ALMBMI and high inflammation (tertile 3) according to MetS.

MetS was present in 36.2% of the study population, and 9% had low ALMBMI. In the whole study population, high CRP (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7 [95% CI: 1.6–4.7; p = 0.001]) and high IL-6 (OR: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.2–1.9; p = 0.005]) were associated with low ALMBMI. In contrast, no significant association was found between TNF, IL-10, or IL-1β with low ALMBMI. When participants were stratified by MetS, results for IL-6 remained significant only in participants with MetS.

Among BASE-II participants, low ALMBMI was associated with inflammation. Low-grade inflammation triggered by disease state, especially in the context of MetS, might favor loss of muscle mass, so a better control of MetS might help to prevent sarcopenia. Intervention studies to test whether strategies to prevent MetS might also prevent loss of muscle mass seem to be promising.

• Inflammation
• Metabolic syndrome
• Muscle mass

• NAFLD
• fatty liver
• inflammation
• muscle-liver axis
• myosteatosis
• obesity
• sarcopenia
• sarcopenic obesity

Sarcopenia is one of the main issues associated with the process of aging. Characterized by muscle mass loss, it is triggered by several conditions, including sedentary habits and negative net protein balance. According to World Health Organization, it is expected a 38% increase in older individuals by 2025. Therefore, it is noteworthy to establish recommendations to prevent sarcopenia and several events and comorbidities associated with this health issue condition. In this review, we discuss the role of these factors, prevention strategies, and recommendations, with a focus on protein intake and exercise.

• aging
• exercise
• metabolism
• nutrition
• protein

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sarcopenia unraveled the importance of genetic contribution to decline in muscle. The current study investigated sarcopenia-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Asian older adults, and further constructed a genotype score that tests the combined effect of these SNPs on risk of sarcopenia.

Ninety-six subjects aged 60 or above were recruited from the database of annual geriatric health examination at Tri-Service General Hospital during 2020. Eligible criteria included: 1) not having severe comorbidities; 2) agreed to join the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative project; and 3) having sufficient information of required sarcopenic measurements. Genotype–phenotype association analysis was performed to find SNPs that were significantly associated with each of three sarcopenic indices (low muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance). Subsequently, these SNPs comprised a sarcopenia-related genotype score that summed up the number of SNPs carrying unfavorable allele(s).

Twelve SNPs revealed suggestive genome-wide significance with the three sarcopenic indices, and eight of them revealed a relationship with more than one index. Low muscle strength was the item that had the most (eight) related SNPs. Among them, rs10282247 affects cholesterol binding and rs7022373 participates in cellular apoptosis. In addition, higher genotype score demonstrated higher risk of sarcopenia (≥4 points: OR=630.6; 2–3 points: OR=408, p-value<0.001).

Several newly discovered SNPs suggest that genetic contribution plays a part in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Further studies are warranted to verify the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, a genotype score provides an estimate of the combined effect of genetic association with sarcopenia, which may modestly improve clinical risk classification.

• elderly
• genome-wide association study
• sarcopenia
• single nucleotide polymorphism

• arterial stiffness
• arteriosclerosis
• baPWV
• low of skeletal muscle mass
• sarcopenia

Background and aims: Sarcopenia is recognized as a major public health issue, because it is prevalent in the elderly, especially those who live in long-term care facilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of milk or soy milk combined with resistance exercise on the muscle mass and muscle strength of individual elderly nursing home residents with sarcopenia. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial (clincaltrials.gov as NCT05035121) that recruited very old (>75 years) subjects with sarcopenia in a nursing home (Su-Ao and Yuanshan Branches, Taipei Veterans General Hospital) from June to December 2017. Thirty-five elderly (84.9 ± 6.1 years old) subjects were recruited and divided into three groups: control (n = 12), milk supplemented (n = 12), and soy milk supplemented (n = 11). All participants joined a mild resistance exercise training program three times a week (30 min/time). Moreover, elderly subjects in the milk and soy milk groups drank 200 mL of milk or soy milk for breakfast and as a snack after exercise. Results: After 12 weeks, compared to the baseline, calf circumferences had significantly increased in the control and soy milk groups (p = 0.0362 and p = 0.0197, respectively). Hand grip strength had significantly improved in the milk and soy milk groups (p = 0.0407 and p = 0.0096, respectively). In addition, there was no difference among the three groups. Conclusions: Mild resistance exercise combined with milk or soy milk improved the calf circumference and hand grip strength in very old nursing home residents with sarcopenia.

• elderly subjects
• mild resistance exercise
• milk
• sarcopenia
• soy milk

• disease prevention
• public health

• Humans
• Sarcopenia/mortality
• Sarcopenia/complications
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/mortality
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications
• Male
• Female
• Aged
• Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality
• Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
• Middle Aged
• Nutrition Surveys
• Risk Factors
• Aged, 80 and over
• Cause of Death

• National Natural Science Foundation of China
• China International Medical Foundation (CIMF)-Novo Nordisk China Diabetes Young Scientific Talent Research Funding
• Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

• Bone mineral density
• Coronary artery disease
• Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
• Measurement location

• body composition
• body fat and lean mass
• dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
• rheumatoid arthritis

• anabolic resistance
• leucine
• muscle protein synthesis
• serum
• skeletal muscle cells

• Balance capability
• Osteoporotic vertebral fracture
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Sarcopenia

• body composition
• cut-off point
• prevalence
• sarcopenia
• skeletal muscle index

• Age Factors
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• China/epidemiology
• Female
• Hand Strength/physiology
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
• Prevalence
• Sarcopenia/diagnosis
• Sarcopenia/epidemiology
• Sex Factors
• Walking Speed/physiology

• Body composition
• Body fat mass
• Dietary inflammatory index
• Fat-free mass
• MCP-1
• Obesity
• Overweight

• Body Composition
• Body Mass Index
• Chemokine CCL2
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diet
• Female
• Humans
• Inflammation
• Iran
• Obesity
• Overweight

• Biomarkers
• frailty
• muscle loss
• older cancer patients

• functional performance
• muscle growth regulators
• muscle quality
• sarcopenia

• Aged
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Exercise
• Female
• Humans
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
• Muscle Strength/physiology
• Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
• Sarcopenia/epidemiology
• Thigh/diagnostic imaging
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed

• bone
• diabetes
• kidney
• sarcopenia
• visceral adipose tissue

Sarcopenia is defined as muscle mass and strength loss with aging. As places, such as South Korea, Japan, and Europe have entered an aged society, sarcopenia is attracting global attention with elderly health. However, only few developed devices can quantify sarcopenia diagnosis modalities. Thus, the authors developed a sarcopenia detection system with 4 degrees of freedom to scan the human thigh with ultrasound probe and determine whether he/she has sarcopenia by inspecting the length of muscle thickness in the thigh by ultrasound image. To accurately measure the muscle thickness, the ultrasound probe attached to the sarcopenia detection system, must be moved angularly along the convex surface of the thigh with predefined pressure maintained. Therefore, the authors proposed an angular thigh scanning method for the aforementioned reason. The method first curve-fits the angular surface of the subject’s thigh with piecewise arcs using D information from a fixed RGB-D camera. Then, it incorporates a Jacobian-based ultrasound probe moving method to move the ultrasound probe along the curve-fitted arc and maintains radial interface force between the probe and the surface by force feedback control. The proposed method was validated by in-vitro test with a human thigh mimicked ham-gelatin phantom. The result showed the ham tissue thickness was maintained within approximately 26.01 ± 1.0 mm during 82° scanning with a 2.5 N radial force setting and the radial force between probe and surface of the phantom was maintained within 2.50 ± 0.1 N.

• RGB-D camera
• force sensor
• ham-gelatine phantom
• in-vitro test
• jacobian
• sarcopenia detection
• sarcopenia quantification
• ultrasound scanning

• HTLV-1
• appendicular skeletal muscle mass
• chronic inflammation
• handgrip strength
• sarcopenia

• Capillarization
• Capillary domains
• Diaphragm
• Intramyocellular lipid
• Soleus

• Animals
• Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
• Female
• Lipids
• Mice
• Muscle, Skeletal

• Higher Education Funding Council for England
• Manchester Metropolitan University

Sarcopenic obesity combines the words sarcopenia and obesity. This definition of obesity should be better differentiated between visceral and subcutaneous fat phenotypes. For this reason, this review lays the foundation for defining the subcutaneous and the visceral fat into the context of sarcopenia. Thus, the review aims to explore the missing links on pathogenesis of visceral fat and its relationship on age: defining the peri-muscular fat as a new entity and the subcutaneous fat as a first factor that leads to the obesity paradox. Last but not least, this review underlines and motivates the mechanisms of the hormonal responses and anti-inflammatory adipokines responsible for the clinical implications of sarcopenic visceral obesity, describing factor by factor the multiple axis between the visceral fat-sarcopenia and all mortality outcomes linked to cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, polycystic ovary, disability and postoperative complications.

• inflammation
• obesity
• sarcopenia
• subcutaneous fat
• visceral fat

• Diabetes mellitus
• Dysfunction
• Frailty
• Sarcopenia
• Skeletal muscle

• Adipose Tissue/metabolism
• Adipose Tissue/pathology
• Aging/genetics
• Aging/metabolism
• Aging/pathology
• Animals
• Cellular Senescence/genetics
• Disease Models, Animal
• Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics
• Humans
• Mice
• Mice, Obese
• Muscle Proteins/genetics
• Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
• Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
• Muscular Atrophy/genetics
• Muscular Atrophy/metabolism
• Muscular Atrophy/pathology
• Obesity/genetics
• Obesity/metabolism
• Obesity/pathology
• Quality of Life
• SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/genetics
• Sarcopenia/genetics
• Sarcopenia/metabolism
• Sarcopenia/pathology
• Tripartite Motif Proteins/genetics
• Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics

• Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
• Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology

Background: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), sarcopenia can be determined by a wide spectrum of risk factors. We evaluated the association of sarcopenia with nutritional, behavioral and inflammatory patterns in older patients with advanced CKD. Methods: we cross-sectionally evaluated 113 patients with CKD stages 3b-5. Sarcopenia was defined according to the EWGSOP2 criteria. We assessed: anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical, and psychological performance. Nutritional status was assessed using the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and by verifying the eventual presence Protein Energy Wasting syndrome (PEW). Systemic inflammation was assessed by dosing: CRP, IL6, TNFα, MCP1, IL10, IL17, fetuin, IL12. Results: 24% of patients were sarcopenic. Sarcopenic individuals had lower creatinine clearance (18 ± 11 vs. 23 ± 19 mL/min; p = 0.0087) as well as lower BMI (24.8 ± 3.0 vs. 28.4 ± 5.5 Kg/m²; p < 0.0001) and a lower FTI (11.6 ± 3.9 vs. 14.4 ± 5.1 kg/m², p = 0.023). Sarcopenic persons had higher prevalence of PEW (52 vs. 20%, p < 0.0001) and a tendency to have higher MIS (6.6 ± 6.5 vs. 4.5 ± 4.0, p = 0.09); however, they did not show any difference in systemic inflammation compared to non-sarcopenic individuals. Conclusions: CKD sarcopenic patients were more malnourished than non-sarcopenic ones, but the two groups did not show any difference in systemic inflammation.

• chronic kidney disease
• inflammation
• malnutrition
• physical performance
• sarcopenia

Chronic inflammation with aging contributes to sarcopenia. Previous studies have suggested that the accumulation of adipose tissue in skeletal muscle, referred to as intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), increases with age and is associated with inflammation. However, the mechanism governing ectopic inflammation in skeletal muscle due to aging is not fully understood. Leptin, an adipocytokine derived from adipose tissue, is an important mediator of inflammatory processes. We examined changes in leptin levels with age and whether leptin contributes to ectopic inflammation.

To evaluate ectopic inflammation in skeletal muscle, we measured alterations to the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes (Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa) and muscle break down-related gene (MuRF1 and Atrogin1) in the quadricep muscles of young (10 weeks) and aged (48 weeks) female rats using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR). Histological examination was performed to identify the extent of IMAT. Leptin mRNA and leptin protein expression were examined using Q-RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The effect of leptin on the mRNA expression of Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa in quadricep muscle-derived cells was also examined by stimulating the cells with 0 (control), 1, or 10 μg/mL rat recombinant leptin using Q-RT-PCR.

Aged rats had significantly higher Il6, MuRF1, and Atrogin1 but not Il1b and Tnfa, expression and greater levels of IMAT in their quadricep muscles than young rats. Aged rats also had significantly higher leptin expression and leptin protein concentration in their quadricep muscles than young rats. The addition of exogenous leptin to quadricep muscle-derived cells significantly increased the gene expression of Il1b and Il6 but not Tnfa.

Our results suggest that elevated leptin levels due to aging cause ectopic inflammation through IL-6 in the skeletal muscle of aged rats.

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-019-2581-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

• Inflammation
• Interleukin-6
• Intermuscular adipose tissue
• Leptin

• Clinical outcomes
• Digestive carcinoma
• Sarcopenia
• Surgery

Approximately half of the population will experience either low back pain or neck pain, at some point in their lives. Previous studies suggest that people with diabetes are more likely to present with chronic somatic pain, including shoulder, knee and spinal pain. This study aimed to systematically review and appraise the literature to explore the magnitude as well as the nature of the association between diabetes and back, neck, or spinal (back and neck) pain.

A systematic search was performed using the Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science electronic databases. Studies which assessed the association between diabetes and back or neck pain outcomes, in participants older than 18 years of age were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data on the incidence of pain and reported associations.

Eight studies were included in the meta-analyses. Meta-analyses showed that people with diabetes are more likely to report low back pain [5 studies; n: 131,431; odds ratio (OR): 1.35; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.20 to 1.52; p<0.001] and neck pain (2 studies; n: 6,560; OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.47; p = 0.01) compared to those without diabetes. Results from one longitudinal cohort study suggested that diabetes is not associated with the risk of developing future neck, low back or spinal pain.

Diabetes is associated with low back and neck individually, and spinal pain. The longitudinal analysis showed no association between the conditions. Our results suggest that diabetes co-exists with back pain; however, a direct causal link between diabetes and back pain was not established.

PROSPERO registration CRD42016050738.

• Canada/epidemiology
• Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
• Europe/epidemiology
• Humans
• Longitudinal Studies
• Low Back Pain/epidemiology
• Neck Pain/epidemiology
• Observational Studies as Topic
• United States/epidemiology

The aim of this work was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between body composition (BC) markers for adipose and lean tissue and bone mass, and a wide range of specific inflammatory and adipose-related markers in healthy elderly Europeans.

A whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was made in 1121 healthy (65–79 years) women and men from five European countries of the “New dietary strategies addressing the specific needs of elderly population for a healthy aging in Europe” project (NCT01754012) cohort to measure markers of adipose and lean tissue and bone mass. Pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-6Rα, TNF-α, TNF-R1, TNF-R2, pentraxin 3, CRP, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, albumin) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β1) molecules as well as adipose-related markers such as leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and resistin were measured by magnetic bead-based multiplex-specific immunoassays and biochemical assays.

BC characteristics were different in elderly women and men, and more favorable BC markers were associated with a better adipose-related inflammatory profile, with the exception of skeletal muscle mass index. No correlation was found with the body composition markers and circulating levels of some standard pro- and anti-inflammatory markers like IL-6, pentraxin 3, IL-10, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6Rα, glycoprotein 130, TNF-α-R1, and TNF-α-R2.

The association between BC and inflammatory and adipose-related biomarkers is crucial in decoding aging and pathophysiological processes, such as sarcopenia. DXA can help in understanding how the measurement of fat and muscle is important, making the way from research to clinical practice.

• Body composition markers concordantly associated positively or negatively with adipose-related and inflammatory markers, with the exception of skeletal muscle mass index.

• No correlation was found with the body composition markers and circulating levels of some standard pro- and anti-inflammatory markers like IL-6, pentraxin 3, IL-10, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6Rα, gp130, TNF-α-R1, and TNF-α-R2.

• Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) shows a good correlation with inflammatory profile in age-related sarcopenia.

The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-018-5973-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

• Aging
• Body composition
• DXA
• Inflammation
• Sarcopenia

• Body fat mass
• NAFLD
• SF ratio
• SMI

• Body composition
• Diabetes mellitus, type 2
• Insulin resistance
• Muscle, skeletal
• Obesity, abdominal

• Adult
• Aged
• Albuminuria/epidemiology
• Body Composition/physiology
• Carotid Intima-Media Thickness/instrumentation
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diabetes Complications/epidemiology
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
• Female
• Humans
• Insulin Resistance/physiology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Muscle, Skeletal/abnormalities
• Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
• Obesity, Abdominal/complications
• Prevalence
• Prospective Studies
• Pulse Wave Analysis/methods
• Risk Factors
• Sarcopenia/complications
• Waist Circumference/physiology

• clinical course
• hepatic fibrosis
• hepatic steatosis
• non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• sarcopenic obesity
• skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio

Background: Anthropometric indices are useful to identify excess weight and poor health outcomes. Previous re-search showed that some indices are correlated to blood pressure (BP) among adults. Yet, these associations are poorly char-acterized in women with sarcopenic obesity (SO). SO is characterized as the combination of sarcopenia and obesity and has been examined as an emerging cause of disorders and frailty.

Objective: The study aims to examine the association between anthropometric indices and BP in community-dwelling wom-en with and without SO.

Methods: 118 women (46.3 ± 15.6 years; 1.56 ± .07m; 66.9 ± 12.5kg) underwent BP and anthropometric assessments. Body weight, height, as well as waist (WC) and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist-to-hip (WHR) and waist-to-height (WHtR) ratio were calculated. SO was identified based on median values of percent body fat and muscle mass. Partial correlation was used to assess the association between adiposity indices and BP adopting age, presence of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medication as controlling variables. The signifi-cance level was set at P ≤ .05.

Results: systolic BP was significantly higher in subjects with SO (126.4 ± 14.1 vs 121.0 ± 11.6mmHg, P = .01). Correla-tions between anthropometric indices and systolic BP were generally higher in women with SO, reaching statistical signifi-cance for WC (r = .39, P < .05) and WHtR (r = .30, P < .05) when age was the controlling variable.

Conclusion: The association of adiposity indices and BP is stronger in subjects with SO when compared to those without SO.

• Blood pressure
• adiposity indices
• hypertension
• obesity
• sarcopenia
• sarcopenic obesity.