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Liu Y, Mao X, Song K, Wang L, Li X, Zhang C, Lu K, Rahimnejad S. Dietary tauroursodeoxycholic acid supports growth and gut health in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) under thermal stress conditions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2025; 163:110423. [PMID: 40381925 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 05/13/2025] [Accepted: 05/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding experiment was carries out to explore the impacts of dietary tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on growth and gut integrity in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) under heat stress (33 °C). Three hundred fish (2 ± 0.02 g) were allocated to triplicate groups and fed five diets containing graded levels of TUDCA at 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg (designated as Con, T10, T20, T30 and T40 diets). Growth performance was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced in fish receiving ≥30 mg/kg TUDCA compared to the control group. Progressive increases in intestinal total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity, accompanied by decreased malondialdehyde concentration, were observed as TUDCA dose increased. TUDCA application modulated the expression of intestinal antioxidant-related genes, downregulating keap1 and upregulating nrf2. Notably, supplementation with 40 mg/kg TUDCA improved intestinal morphology, as evidenced by increased villus height and number. Furthermore, in the T40 group, a marked downregulation of pro-apoptotic genes (caspase3, caspase8, caspase9, and bax) and reduced immunofluorescence intensity were observed, while the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl was significantly up-regulated. Additionally, the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (il-1β, il-8, and tnf-α) and immunofluorescence intensity were significantly reduced in the T40 group compared to control. In contrast, the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (il-4, il-10, and tgf-β) was markedly upregulated. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of 40 mg/kg TUDCA suppressed the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (grp78, chop, perk, atf6, and ire1) and activated the bile acid receptor gene tgr5 in the intestine. Concurrently, TUDCA treatment enhanced the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, contributing to the inhibition of apoptosis. The data generated in this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with 40 mg/kg TUDCA promotes growth, activates the Nrf2-Keap1 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, enhances intestinal antioxidant defenses, suppresses inflammation and apoptosis, alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitigates the physiological impacts of heat stress in L. maculatus reared at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiaojiang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Kangle Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Samad Rahimnejad
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, 389 25, Czech Republic
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Adomako K, Asamoah L. Effects of naked neck and frizzle genes on growth and egg-laying performance of chickens in the tropics in an era of climate change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2025; 69:709-724. [PMID: 39856460 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-025-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
In regions characterized by tropical and subtropical climates, the elevated ambient temperatures exert adverse effects on both broiler and laying chickens, impacting their growth and egg production performance. To mitigate the challenges posed by heat stress, genetic strategies aimed at reducing feather coverage have gained prominence in hot climate areas. Among these approaches, the naked neck (Na) and frizzle (F) genes have emerged as particularly noteworthy. The Na and F genes play a pivotal role in facilitating heat dissipation and temperature regulation. By decreasing feather insulation, these genes enable efficient heat dissipation through exposed areas of the chickens' bodies. This reduction in feather coverage leads to elevated body surface temperature, which, in turn, enhances the capacity for heat loss and contributes to overall body temperature reduction. A substantial body of literature underscores the well-established positive impacts of the naked neck and frizzle genes on growth and egg-laying performance. As a result, these genes hold significant potential for integration into broiler and layer production systems, especially in regions characterized by high tropical temperatures. In the context of broiler farming under challenging heat conditions, the Na and F genes have demonstrated favorable effects on crucial parameters such as feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, disease resistance, and carcass attributes. Likewise, layers exposed to elevated temperatures exhibit enhanced egg production, eggshell quality, fertility, hatchability, and resistance to diseases when these genes are incorporated. Given that the prevalence of the naked neck and frizzle genes is primarily observed in indigenous chicken populations, it becomes imperative to prioritize measures for their conservation due to their exceptional performance in heat-stressed environments. To unlock the full genetic potential of exotic poultry reared in hot and humid conditions, the integration of the Na and F genes is a strongly recommended strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Adomako
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - L Asamoah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Imberti L, Tiecco G, Logiudice J, Castelli F, Quiros‐Roldan E. Effects of Climate Change on the Immune System: A Narrative Review. Health Sci Rep 2025; 8:e70627. [PMID: 40256129 PMCID: PMC12007019 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.70627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Human activities have greatly influenced global temperatures, leading to climate change and global warming. This narrative review aims to explore the relationship between climate change and the immune system, focusing on how environmental stressors can affect immune regulation, leading to both hyperactivity and suppression. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed studies published up to June 2024. The search terms included "climate change," "human health," "infection," "immunity," and "disease." Inclusion criteria were based on relevance, originality, and accessibility. Results Exposure to elevated temperatures can significantly impair immune system cells, leading to an overproduction of signaling molecules that promote inflammation. Temperature fluctuations have been shown to influence various aspects of the adaptive immune response, including immune cell mobilization, antigen processing and presentation, lymphocyte trafficking and activation, and the functionality of B and T cells. Notably, some research suggests that heat stress negatively impacts B lymphocyte differentiation, replication, and proportion, resulting in decreased immunoglobulin and cytokine production, and contributing to immunosuppression. Additionally, climate change-related exposures can compromise epithelial barriers in the skin, lungs, and gut, leading to microbial dysbiosis, and immune dysregulation. Furthermore, environmental factors such as temperature variations, humidity, and air pollutant levels may exacerbate the prevalence of infectious diseases, including measles and HIV, with varying impacts on acute, chronic, and latent infections, further contributing to immune variability. Conclusion Climate change, particularly increased temperatures, significantly impacts immune system function, leading to both heightened inflammatory responses, and immunosuppression. Future research should focus on developing comprehensive and sustainable management strategies to enhance health resilience in the face of ongoing climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Imberti
- Section of MicrobiologyUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Giorgio Tiecco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesUniversity of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Jacopo Logiudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesUniversity of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesUniversity of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Eugenia Quiros‐Roldan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesUniversity of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di BresciaBresciaItaly
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Rosbrook P, Margolis LM, Pryor JL. Nutritional Considerations in Exercise-Based Heat Acclimation: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:3005-3017. [PMID: 39217233 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In addition to its established thermoregulatory and cardiovascular effects, heat stress provokes alterations in macronutrient metabolism, gastrointestinal integrity, and appetite. Inadequate energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake have been implicated in reduced exercise and heat tolerance. Classic exercise heat acclimation (HA) protocols employ low-to-moderate-intensity exercise for 5-14 days, while recent studies have evolved the practice by implementing high-intensity and task-specific exercise during HA, which potentially results in impaired post-HA physical performance despite adequate heat adaptations. While there is robust literature demonstrating the performance benefit of various nutritional interventions during intensive training and competition, most HA studies implement few nutritional controls. This review summarizes the relationships between heat stress, HA, and intense exercise in connection with substrate metabolism, gastrointestinal function, and the potential consequences of reduced energy availability. We discuss the potential influence of macronutrient manipulations on HA study outcomes and suggest best practices to implement nutritional controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rosbrook
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - J Luke Pryor
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Yoneda K, Hosomi S, Ito H, Togami Y, Oda S, Matsumoto H, Shimazaki J, Ogura H, Oda J. How can heatstroke damage the brain? A mini review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1437216. [PMID: 39450121 PMCID: PMC11499184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1437216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Record-breaking heat waves over the past 20 years have led to a global increase in heat-related deaths, including heatstroke. Heat-related illnesses occur when the body cannot adapt to the elevated temperatures in the environment, leading to various symptoms. In severe situations, such as heatstroke, the body temperature can rise above 40°C, leading to significant injury to body systems, with particular susceptibility of the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroimaging studies conducted months or years after a heatstroke have revealed cellular damage in the cerebellum and other brain regions, including the hippocampus, midbrain, and thalamus, with the potential for long-term neurological complications in survivors of a heatstroke. This mini review aimed to describe the mechanisms and pathways underlying the development of brain injury induced by heatstroke and identify diagnostic imaging tools and biomarkers for injury to the CNS due to a heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yoneda
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Sanae Hosomi
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Togami
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Sayaka Oda
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Osaka University Immunology Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Junya Shimazaki
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Oda
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Oretomiloye F, Adewole D. Exploring the modulatory effects of brown seaweed meal and extracts on intestinal microbiota and morphology of broiler chickens challenged with heat stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103562. [PMID: 38417338 PMCID: PMC10909895 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) is known for its prebiotic roles and can improve animal intestinal health by enhancing the growth of beneficial microbes and inhibiting pathogenic ones. However, the gut health-modulatory roles of brown seaweed on chickens challenged with heat stress (HS) are rarely studied. The current study examined the effects of brown seaweed meal (SWM) and extract (SWE) on the ceca microbiota and small intestinal morphology of chickens challenged or unchallenged with HS. Three hundred and thirty-six 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to either a thermoneutral (TN; 24 ± 1°C); or HS room (HS; 32-34°C, 8 h/d from d 21 to 27). All birds in each room were randomly allotted to 4 treatments - control (CON), CON + 1 mL/L seaweed extract (SWE) in drinking water, CON + 2 mL/L SWE in drinking water, and CON + 2% seaweed meal (SWM) in feed and raised for 28 d. On d 14 and 28, 12 and 24 birds per treatment group, respectively, were euthanized to collect the ceca content for gut microbiota analysis and small intestinal tissues for morphological examination. On d 14, 2% SWM increased (P = 0.047) the relative abundance of cecal Fecalibacterium and all brown seaweed treatments improved jejunal villus height (VH) and VH:CD compared to the CON diet. On d 28, HS significantly reduced (P < 0.05) ileal VH, VW, and VH:CD, and duodenal VH and VH:CD. Among the HS group, 2% SWM and 2 mL/L SWE significantly increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Sellimonas, and Fournierella, compared to the CON diet. HS birds fed with 2% SWM had higher ileal VH and VH:CD compared to other treatments. In summary, SWM and SWE enhanced the abundance of beneficial microbes and improved small intestinal morphology among HS chickens. This implies that seaweed could potentially alleviate HS-induced intestinal impairment in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo Oretomiloye
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
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Cheng BJ, Li H, Meng K, Li TL, Meng XC, Wang J, Wang C, Jiang N, Sun MJ, Yang LS, Zhu XY, Liu R. Short-term effects of heatwaves on clinical and subclinical cardiovascular indicators in Chinese adults: A distributed lag analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108358. [PMID: 38056095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have related heat waves to morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases; however, potential mechanisms remained limited. Our aims were to investigate the short-term effects of heat waves on a series of clinical/subclinical indicators associated with cardiovascular health. METHODS Our study used 80,574 health examination records from the Health Management Center of Nanjing Zhongda Hospital during the warm seasons of 2019-2021, including 62,128 participants. A total of 11 recognized indicators of cardiovascular risk or injury were assessed. Air pollution and meteorological data were obtained from the Nanjing Ecological Environment Bureau and the China Meteorological Data Network, respectively. Heat waves were defined as a daily average temperature over the 95th percentile for three or more consecutive days from May to September. We used a combination of linear mixed effects models and distributed lag nonlinear models to assess the lagged effects of heat waves on clinical and subclinical cardiovascular indicators. Stratified analyses based on individuals' characteristics, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension, were also performed. RESULTS Heat waves were related to significant changes in most indicators, with the magnitude of effects generally peaking at a lag of 0 to 3 days. Moreover, the cumulative percentage changes over lag 0-7 days were -0.82 % to -2.55 % in blood pressure, 1.32 % in heart rate, 0.20 % to 2.66 % in systemic inflammation markers, 0.36 % in a blood viscosity parameter, 9.36 % in homocysteine, and 1.35 % to 3.25 % in injuring myocardial enzymes. Interestingly, females and males showed distinct susceptibilities in different indicators. Stronger effects were also found in participants aged 50 years or over, individuals with abnormal BMI status, and patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to heat waves could significantly alter clinical/subclinical cardiovascular indicator profiles, including blood pressure changes, increased heart rate, acute systemic inflammation, elevated blood viscosity, and myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin-Sheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zhu
- The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Dawood MAO, Gewaily M, Sewilam H. Combined effects of water salinity and ammonia exposure on the antioxidative status, serum biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1461-1477. [PMID: 37987935 PMCID: PMC10757701 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Growing Nile tilapia in brackish water showed promising results, but the possibility of ammonia exposure can interrupt health status and productivity. Herein, the study tested the combined effects of water salinity and ammonia exposure on the antioxidative status, serum biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia. Fish were assigned to eight groups where fish were reared in saline water (5, 10, and 15 ppt) with continuous or intermittent (every 3 days) total ammonia (TAN) exposure (5 mg TAN/L) (2 × 4 factorial design). After 30 days, the water salinity, TAN, and their interaction were markedly (P < 0.05), affecting the growth performance (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) and survival rate of Nile tilapia. The growth performance and survival rate were markedly lower in tilapia grown in 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure than in the remaining groups. The results showed that fish exposed to higher salinity levels (10 and 15 ppt) and continuous TAN exposure had a more robust antioxidative response, as evidenced by higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the homogenates of the gills, intestines, and livers. The gills were notably affected, with congestion of primary filaments blood vessels and degeneration or shedding of secondary filaments epithelium, especially at salinity levels of 10 and 15 ppt. Additionally, the intestines displayed hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration of intestinal mucosa at 5-10 ppt salinity, degeneration and sloughing of the intestinal epithelium at 15 ppt saline water, and increased goblet cell number at salinity of 10 ppt. The study found that continuous TAN exposure had a more significant impact on the fish, especially at higher salinity levels. Water salinity, TAN, and their interaction significantly affected all measured blood bio-indicators (total, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, glucose, and cortisol levels). The phagocytic activity and index were markedly lowered in fish reared in 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure, while the lysozyme activity was decreased in fish grown in 5, 10, and 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure. In conclusion, Nile tilapia showed the possibility of growth with normal health status in brackish water (5-10 ppt); however, continuous TAN exposure can impair the productivity of tilapia, especially with high salinity (15 ppt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Shih CC, Liao WC, Ke HY, Kuo CW, Tsao CM, Tsai WC, Chiu YL, Huang HC, Wu CC. Antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37 preserves intestinal barrier and organ function in rats with heat stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114565. [PMID: 36958193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming increases the incidence of heat stroke (HS) and HS causes the reduction of visceral blood flow during hyperthermia, leading to intestinal barrier disruption, microbial translocation, systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. Cathelicidin LL-37 exhibits antimicrobial activities, helps innate immunity within the gut to maintain intestinal homeostasis, and augments intestinal wound healing and barrier function. Thus, we evaluated the effects and possible mechanisms of cathelicidin LL-37 on HS. Wistar rats were placed in a heating-chamber of 42 ̊C to induce HS. Changes in rectal temperature, hemodynamic parameters, and survival rate were measured during the experimental period. Blood samples and ilea were collected to analyze the effects of LL-37 on systemic inflammation, multiple organ dysfunction, and intestinal injury. Furthermore, LS174T and HT-29 cells were used to assess the underlying mechanisms. Our data showed cathelicidin LL-37 ameliorated the damage of intestinal cells induced by HS. Intestinal injury, systemic inflammation, and nitrosative stress (high nitric oxide level) caused by continuous hyperthermia were attenuated in HS rats treated with cathelicidin LL-37, and hence, improved multiple organ dysfunction, coagulopathy, and survival rate. These beneficial effects of cathelicidin LL-37 were attributed to the protection of intestinal goblet cells (by increasing transepithelial resistance, mucin-2 and Nrf2 expression) and the improvement of intestinal barrier function (less cyclooxygenase-2 expression and FITC-dextran translocation). Interestingly, high cathelicidin expression in the ileal samples of inflammatory bowel disease patients was associated with better clinical outcome. These results suggest that cathelicidin LL-37 could prevent heat stress-induced intestinal damage and heat-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chin Shih
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Chieh Liao
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Yen Ke
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Wen Kuo
- Department of Nephrology, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Ming Tsao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsieh-Chou Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chen Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Yu Z, Chen J, Liu Y, Meng Q, Liu H, Yao Q, Song W, Ren X, Chen X. The role of potential probiotic strains Lactobacillus reuteri in various intestinal diseases: New roles for an old player. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1095555. [PMID: 36819028 PMCID: PMC9932687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1095555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), a type of Lactobacillus spp., is a gut symbiont that can colonize many mammals. Since it was first isolated in 1962, a multitude of research has been conducted to investigate its function and unique role in different diseases as an essential probiotic. Among these, the basic functions, beneficial effects, and underlying mechanisms of L. reuteri have been noticed and understood profoundly in intestinal diseases. The origins of L. reuteri strains are diverse, with humans, rats, and piglets being the most common. With numerous L. reuteri strains playing significant roles in different intestinal diseases, DSM 17938 is the most widely used in humans, especially in children. The mechanisms by which L. reuteri improves intestinal disorders include protecting the gut barrier, suppressing inflammation and the immune response, regulating the gut microbiota and its metabolism, and inhibiting oxidative stress. While a growing body of studies focused on L. reuteri, there are still many unknowns concerning its curative effects, clinical safety, and precise mechanisms. In this review, we initially interpreted the basic functions of L. reuteri and its related metabolites. Then, we comprehensively summarized its functions in different intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, infection-associated bowel diseases, and pediatric intestinal disorders. We also highlighted some important molecules in relation to the underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, L. reuteri has the potential to exert a beneficial impact on intestinal diseases, which should be further explored to obtain better clinical application and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangfeng Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Xin Chen ✉
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11
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Pan Y, Lin H, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X. Effects of in ovo feeding of chlorogenic acid on antioxidant capacity of postnatal broilers. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1091520. [PMID: 36726849 PMCID: PMC9885134 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, chlorogenic acid (CGA) was injected into the amniotic cavity of chicken embryos to study the effects of in ovo feeding of CGA on the antioxidant capacity of postnatal broilers. On the 17th day of embryonic age, a total of 300 healthy broiler fertile eggs with similar weights were randomly subjected to five groups as follows; in ovo injection with 0.5 ml CGA at 4 mg/egg (4CGA) or 7 mg/egg (7CGA) or 10 mg/egg (10CGA), or sham-injection with saline (positive control, PC) or no injection (negative control, NC). Each group had six replicates of ten embryos. Six healthy chicks with similar body weights hatched from each replicate were selected and reared until heat stress treatment (35°C ± 1°C, 8 h/d) at 28-42 days of age. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the hatching rate between the groups (p > 0.05). After heat stress treatment, 4CGA group showed an improved intestinal morphology which was demonstrated by a higher villus height in the duodenum and a higher villus height/crypt depth ratio in the jejunum, compared with the NC group (p < 0.05). The antioxidant capacity of chickens was improved by in ovo feeding of CGA since 4CGA decreased the plasma content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05), whereas, it increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activities compared with NC group (p < 0.05). Also, the MDA content of the different injection groups had a quadratic effect, with the 4CGA group having the lowest MDA content (P quadratic < 0.05). In the duodenum, 4CGA injection significantly increased the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (H O -1), glutathione synthetase (GSS), and SOD1 compared to the NC and PC groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of glutathione reductase (GSR) and GPX7 were significantly increased in all CGA-treated groups compared with the PC group (p < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of CAT was significantly increased by 4CGA group than the NC group (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of epigenetic-related genes, ten eleven translocation 1 and 2 (Tet1 and Tet2), and DNA-methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) in the duodenum of 4CGA injected group was significantly increased compared with the NC and PC groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of Nrf2, SOD1, and Tet2 showed a significant quadratic effects with the 4CGA group having the highest expression (P quadratic < 0.05). In conclusion, in ovo feeding of CGA alleviated heat stress-induced intestinal oxidative damage. Injection with CGA of 4 mg/egg is considered most effective due to its actions in improving intestinal antioxidant capacity, especially in the duodenum. The antioxidant effects of in ovo CGA on postnatal heat-stressed broilers may be related to its regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, this study provides technical knowledge to support the in ovo feeding of CGA to alleviate oxidative stress in postnatal heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China,*Correspondence: Xiaojuan Wang,
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12
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Comprehensive Profiling of ceRNA (circRNA-miRNA-mRNA) Networks in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Mammary Gland Axis of Dairy Cows under Heat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010888. [PMID: 36614329 PMCID: PMC9821774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is directly correlated with mammary gland dysfunction and the hypothalamic-pituitary-mammary gland (HPM) axis is involved in regulating stress responses and lactation in dairy cows. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play major roles in regulating transcription and post-transcription but their expression in the HPM axis of dairy cows under HS is still unclear. In the present study, we performed RNA sequencing to identify diferentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, DE microRNAs(miRNAs) and DEmRNAs, and performed bioinformatics analysis on those in HPM axis-related tissues of heat-stressed and normal cows. A total of 1680, 1112 and 521 DEcircRNAs, 120, 493 and 108 DEmiRNAs, 274, 6475 and 3134 DEmRNAs were identified in the hypothalamic, pituitary, and mammary gland tissues, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that the MAPK signaling pathway is potentially a key pathway. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks related to HS response and lactation regulation were established in three tissues. In conclusion, our results indicate that HS induces differential circRNA expression profiles in HPM axis-related tissues, and the predicted ceRNA network provides a molecular basis for regulating the stress response and lactation regulation in heat-stressed dairy cows.
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13
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Kuter E, Cengiz Ö, Köksal BH, Sevim Ö, Tatlı O, Ahsan U, Güven G, Önol AG, Bilgili SF. Litter quality and incidence and severity of footpad dermatitis in heat stressed broiler chickens fed supplemental zinc. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Hii HP, Lo WZ, Fu YH, Chen MH, Shih CC, Tsao CM, Ka SM, Chiu YL, Wu CC, Shih CC. Improvement in heat stress-induced multiple organ dysfunction and intestinal damage through protection of intestinal goblet cells from prostaglandin E1 analogue misoprostol. Life Sci 2022; 310:121039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Liu HY, Gu F, Zhu C, Yuan L, Zhu C, Zhu M, Yao J, Hu P, Zhang Y, Dicksved J, Bao W, Cai D. Epithelial Heat Shock Proteins Mediate the Protective Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865982. [PMID: 35320932 PMCID: PMC8934773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in gut barrier function are implicated in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as in systemic inflammation. With the increasing incidence of IBD worldwide, more attention should be paid to dietary interventions and therapeutics with the potential to boost the natural defense mechanisms of gut epithelial cells. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in a colitis mouse model and delineate the mechanisms behind it. Wild-type mice were allocated to the control group; or given 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis; or administered L. reuteri for 7 days as pretreatment; or for 14 days starting 7 days before subjecting to the DSS. Peroral treatment with L. reuteri improved colitis severity clinically and morphologically and reduced the colonic levels of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Tnf), Interleukin 1-β (Il1β), and nterferon-γ (Ifng), the crucial pro-inflammatory cytokines in colitis onset. It also prevented the CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophil recruitment and the skewed immune responses in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cell (DC) expansion and Foxp3+CD4+ T-cell reduction. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and RT-qPCR, we demonstrated a colitis-driven bacterial translocation to MLNs and gut microbiota dysbiosis that were in part counterbalanced by L. reuteri treatment. Moreover, the expression of barrier-preserving tight junction (TJ) proteins and cytoprotective heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP25 was reduced by colitis but boosted by L. reuteri treatment. A shift in expression pattern was also observed with HSP70 in response to the pretreatment and with HSP25 in response to L. reuteri-DSS. In addition, the changes of HSPs were found to be correlated to bacterial load and epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the human-derived L. reuteri strain 4659 confers protection in experimental colitis in young mice, while intestinal HSPs may mediate the probiotic effects by providing a supportive protein–protein network for the epithelium in health and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cuipeng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Long Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuyang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Miaonan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wenbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Demin Cai, ; Wenbin Bao,
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Demin Cai, ; Wenbin Bao,
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16
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Akinyemi F, Adewole D. Environmental Stress in Chickens and the Potential Effectiveness of Dietary Vitamin Supplementation. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.775311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors can promote the vulnerability of animals to infections; it is therefore, essential to understand how stressors affect the immune system, the adaptive capacity of animals to respond, and effective techniques in managing stress. This review highlights scientific evidence regarding environmental stress challenge models and the potential effectiveness of vitamin supplementation. The major environmental stressors discussed are heat and cold stress, feed restriction, stocking density, and pollutants. Much work has been done to identify the effects of environmental stress in broilers and layers, while few involved other types of poultry. Studies indicated that chickens' performance, health, and welfare are compromised when challenged with environmental stress. These stressors result in physiological alterations, behavioral changes, decreased egg and meat quality, tissue and intestinal damage, and high mortalities. The application of vitamins with other nutritional approaches can help in combating these environmental stressors in chickens. Poultry birds do not synthesize sufficient vitamins during stressful periods. It is therefore suggested that chicken diets are supplemented with vitamins when subjected to environmental stress. Combination of vitamins are considered more efficient than the use of individual vitamins in alleviating environmental stress in chickens.
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17
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Ayo JO, Ogbuagu NE. Heat stress, haematology and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens: insight into impact and antioxidant-induced amelioration. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1959279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - N. E. Ogbuagu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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18
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Cantet JM, Yu Z, Ríus AG. Heat Stress-Mediated Activation of Immune-Inflammatory Pathways. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111285. [PMID: 34827223 PMCID: PMC8615052 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological changes in animals exposed to elevated ambient temperature are characterized by the redistribution of blood toward the periphery to dissipate heat, with a consequent decline in blood flow and oxygen and nutrient supply to splanchnic tissues. Metabolic adaptations and gut dysfunction lead to oxidative stress, translocation of lumen contents, and release of proinflammatory mediators, activating a systemic inflammatory response. This review discusses the activation and development of the inflammatory response in heat-stressed models.
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19
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Hime GR, Stonehouse SLA, Pang TY. Alternative models for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: Molecular psychiatry beyond mice and man. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:711-735. [PMID: 34733638 PMCID: PMC8546770 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental illness remains the greatest chronic health burden globally with few in-roads having been made despite significant advances in genomic knowledge in recent decades. The field of psychiatry is constantly challenged to bring new approaches and tools to address and treat the needs of vulnerable individuals and subpopulations, and that has to be supported by a continuous growth in knowledge. The majority of neuropsychiatric symptoms reflect complex gene-environment interactions, with epigenetics bridging the gap between genetic susceptibility and environmental stressors that trigger disease onset and drive the advancement of symptoms. It has more recently been demonstrated in preclinical models that epigenetics underpins the transgenerational inheritance of stress-related behavioural phenotypes in both paternal and maternal lineages, providing further supporting evidence for heritability in humans. However, unbiased prospective studies of this nature are practically impossible to conduct in humans so preclinical models remain our best option for researching the molecular pathophysiologies underlying many neuropsychiatric conditions. While rodents will remain the dominant model system for preclinical studies (especially for addressing complex behavioural phenotypes), there is scope to expand current research of the molecular and epigenetic pathologies by using invertebrate models. Here, we will discuss the utility and advantages of two alternative model organisms-Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster-and summarise the compelling insights of the epigenetic regulation of transgenerational inheritance that are potentially relevant to human psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Hime
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophie LA Stonehouse
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence Y Pang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
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20
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Li S, Wang R, Dai Z, Wang C, Wu Z. Dietary supplementation with Yucca schidigera extract alleviated heat stress-induced unfolded protein response and oxidative stress in the intestine of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112299. [PMID: 33993089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress due to global warming exerts deleterious effects on both humans and animals. However, nutritional strategies to reduce heat stress-induced intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, 240 tilapia were distributed into four treatment groups that were fed a basal diet supplemented with or without 0.1% Yucca schidigera extract under normal (28 °C) temperature or heat stress (36 °C) conditions for 2 weeks. Our results showed that tilapia exposed to heat stress resulted in growth arrest, intestinal dysfunction, oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and pro-inflammatory response, which were significantly relieved by yucca supplementation. The alleviative effect of Yucca schidigera extract was related to the down-regulation of mRNA expression of ubiquitin-proteasome system (Polyubiquitin, Proteasome 26S, Proteasome α5, Proteasome β3, and Ubiquitin-like 3) and inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8), as well as the improved histological structure and activation of Hsp70, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling, interleukin 10, lysozyme, complement 3, and acid phosphatase in the intestine of tilapia. Collectively, these results indicated that heat stress-induced growth arrest, intestinal dysfunction, and oxidative damage were alleviated by dietary supplementation with Yucca schidigera extract. This offers a nutritional way of improving the growth and intestinal health of tilapia exposed to a hot environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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21
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Fung AA, Zhou A, Vanos JK, Schmid-Schönbein GW. Enhanced intestinal permeability and intestinal co-morbidities in heat strain: A review and case for autodigestion. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 8:223-244. [PMID: 34527763 PMCID: PMC8436972 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1922261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced intestinal permeability is a pervasive issue in modern medicine, with implications demonstrably associated with significant health consequences such as sepsis, multiorgan failure, and death. Key issues involve the trigger mechanisms that could compromise intestinal integrity and increase local permeability allowing the passage of larger, potentially dangerous molecules. Heat stress, whether exertional or environmental, may modulate intestinal permeability and begs interesting questions in the context of global climate change, increasing population vulnerabilities, and public health. Emerging evidence indicates that intestinal leakage of digestive enzymes and associated cell dysfunctions--a process referred to as autodigestion--may play a critical role in systemic physiological damage within the body. This increased permeability is exacerbated in the presence of elevated core temperatures. We employed Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling methods to analyze the relationship between heat stress and the nascent theory of autodigestion in a systematic, quantifiable, and unbiased manner. From a corpus of 11,233 scientific articles across four relevant scientific journals (Gut, Shock, Temperature, Gastroenterology), it was found that over 1,000 documents expressed a relationship between intestine, enhanced permeability, core temperature, and heat stress. The association has grown stronger in recent years, as heat stress and potential autodigestion are investigated in tandem, yet still by a limited number of specific research studies. Such findings justify the design of future studies to critically test novel interventions against digestive enzymes permeating the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Fung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andy Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Hypoxia and heat stress affect epithelial integrity in a Caco-2/HT-29 co-culture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13186. [PMID: 34162953 PMCID: PMC8222227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and hyperthermia, which can be induced by high environmental temperature or strenuous exercise, are two common stressors that affect intestinal epithelial integrity and lead to multiple clinical symptoms. In this study, we developed an in-vitro intestinal monolayer model using two human colonic epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, co-cultured in Transwell inserts, and investigated the effects of heat treatment and/or hypoxia on the epithelial barrier function. The monolayer with a ratio of 9:1 (Caco-2:HT-29) showed high trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), low Lucifer Yellow permeability and high mucin production. Hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure (2 h) triggered heat shock and oxidative stress responses. HSP-70 and HSF-1 protein levels were up-regulated by hyperthermia, which were further enhanced when hyperthermia was combined with hypoxia. Increased HIF-1α protein expression and Nrf2 nuclear translocation was only caused by hypoxia. Hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure disrupted the established monolayer by increasing paracellular permeability, decreasing ZO-1, claudin-3 and occludin protein/mRNA expression, while enhancing E-cadherin protein expression. Tight junction protein distribution in the monolayer was also modulated by the hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure. In addition, transcription levels of mucin genes, MUC-2 and MUC-5AC, were increased after 2 h of hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure. In conclusion, this Caco-2/HT-29 cell model is valid and effective for studying detrimental effects of hyperthermia and/or hypoxia on intestinal barrier function and related heat shock and oxidative stress pathways and can be used to investigate possible interventions to reverse hyperthermia and/or hypoxia-induced intestinal epithelial injury.
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23
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Adverse Effects of Heat Stress on the Intestinal Integrity and Function of Pigs and the Mitigation Capacity of Dietary Antioxidants: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041135. [PMID: 33921090 PMCID: PMC8071411 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) significantly affects the performance of pigs by its induced stressors such as inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress (OS), which mightily strain the intestinal integrity and function of pigs. As heat stress progresses, several mechanisms in the intestinal epithelium involved in the absorption of nutrients and its protective functions are altered. Changes in these mechanisms are mainly driven by cellular oxidative stress, which promotes disruption of intestinal homeostasis, leading to intestinal permeability, emphasizing intestinal histology and morphology with little possibility of recovering even after exposure to HS. Identification and understanding of these altered mechanisms are crucial for providing appropriate intervention strategies. Therefore, it is this papers' objective to review the important components for intestinal integrity that are negatively affected by HS and its induced stressors. With due consideration to the amelioration of such effects through nutritional intervention, this work will also look into the capability of dietary antioxidants in mitigating such adverse effects and maintaining the intestine's integrity and function upon the pigs' exposure to high environmental temperature.
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24
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Nazari M, Faghfoori Z, As’Habi A, Arab A, Hajianfar H. Probiotic consumption and inflammatory markers in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1807566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nazari
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Atefeh As’Habi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hajianfar
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Effect of chronic cyclic heat stress on the intestinal morphology, oxidative status and cecal bacterial communities in broilers. J Therm Biol 2020; 91:102619. [PMID: 32716869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of chronic cyclic heat stress (HS) on the intestinal morphology, oxidative stress and cecal bacterial communities of broilers. One-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers (n = 100) were acclimated for 3 weeks and then randomly allocated into two groups, normal control (NC) group (22 ± 1 °C, 24 h/day) and HS group (32 ± 1 °C, 10 h/day lasted for 2 weeks). At 35 d of age, intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and cecal digesta were collected for detection. HS affected intestinal morphology, inducing epithelial cell abscission, inflammatory cell infiltration, and lamina propria edema. Compared with the NC group, HS significantly decreased (P < 0.01) villus height (VH) and the VH-to-crypt depth (CD) ratio (VCR), increased (P < 0.05) CD in the duodenum and ileum, but had no effect on the VH in the jejunum. Moreover, HS induced oxidative stress with antioxidant enzymes activity decreasing (P < 0.05) while malondialdehyde (MDA) content increasing (P < 0.05) in small intestine. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that MDA content was negatively correlated with VH (P < 0.05). The result of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that HS exposure impacted cecal microbiota alpha diversity (phylogenetic diversity whole-tree index) and beta diversity. Based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plots for weighted UniFrac metrics and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), there were 8 discriminative features at the genus level (linear discriminant analysis score > 2). Parabacteroides, Saccharimonas, Romboutsia and Weissella were reduced, while Anaerofustis, Pseudonocardia, Rikenella and Tyzzerella were enriched in heat-stressed broilers. Collectively, these results indicated that chronic cyclic HS induced oxidative stress that caused damage to intestinal villus-crypt structures, and then altered the cecal microflora profile.
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26
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Bonell A, Hirst J, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Haines A, Prentice AM, Maxwell NS. A protocol for an observational cohort study of heat strain and its effect on fetal wellbeing in pregnant farmers in The Gambia. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:32. [PMID: 32292825 PMCID: PMC7141168 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15731.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Climate change predictions indicate that global temperatures are likely to exceed those seen in the last 200,000 years, rising by around 4°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100 (without effective mitigation of current emission rates). In regions of the world set to experience extreme temperatures, women often work outside in agriculture even during pregnancy. The implications of heat strain in pregnancy on maternal health and pregnancy outcome are not well understood. This protocol describes a study to assess the physiological response of pregnant women to environmental heat stress and the immediate effect this has on fetal wellbeing. Methods and analysis: The study will be performed in West Kiang district, The Gambia; a semi-arid zone in West Africa with daily maximum temperatures ranging from approximately 32 to 40°C. We will recruit 125 pregnant women of all ages who perform agricultural work during their pregnancy. Participants will be followed every two months until delivery. At each study visit fetal growth will be measured by ultrasound scan. During the course of their working day we will take the following measurements: continuous maternal physiological measurements (heart rate, respiratory rate, chest skin temperature and tri-axis accelerometer data); intermittent maternal tympanic core temperature, four point skin temperature, blood pressure; intermittent fetal heart rate and, if eligible, umbilical artery doppler; intermittent environmental measurements of air temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed. Venous blood and urine will be collected at beginning and end of day for biomarkers of heat strain or fetal distress and hydration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bonell
- Medical Research Council Gambia @ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Jane Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health and the George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andy Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environment and Society; Department of Population health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council Gambia @ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Neil S Maxwell
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Bonell A, Hirst J, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Haines A, Prentice AM, Maxwell NS. A protocol for an observational cohort study of heat strain and its effect on fetal wellbeing in pregnant farmers in The Gambia. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:32. [PMID: 32292825 PMCID: PMC7141168 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15731.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Climate change predictions indicate that global temperatures are likely to exceed those seen in the last 200,000 years, rising by around 4°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100 (without effective mitigation of current emission rates). In regions of the world set to experience extreme temperatures, women often work outside in agriculture even during pregnancy. The implications of heat strain in pregnancy on maternal health and pregnancy outcome are not well understood. This protocol describes a study to assess the physiological response of pregnant women to environmental heat stress and the immediate effect this has on fetal wellbeing. Methods and analysis: The study will be performed in West Kiang district, The Gambia; a semi-arid zone in West Africa with daily maximum temperatures ranging from approximately 32 to 40°C. We will recruit 125 pregnant women of all ages who perform agricultural work during their pregnancy. Participants will be followed every two months until delivery. At each study visit fetal growth will be measured by ultrasound scan. During the course of their working day we will take the following measurements: continuous maternal physiological measurements (heart rate, respiratory rate, chest skin temperature and tri-axis accelerometer data); intermittent maternal tympanic core temperature, four point skin temperature, blood pressure; intermittent fetal heart rate and, if eligible, umbilical artery doppler; intermittent environmental measurements of air temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed. Venous blood and urine will be collected at beginning and end of day for biomarkers of heat strain or fetal distress and hydration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bonell
- Medical Research Council Gambia @ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Jane Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health and the George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andy Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environment and Society; Department of Population health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- Medical Research Council Gambia @ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Neil S. Maxwell
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Salama AAK, Contreras-Jodar A, Love S, Mehaba N, Such X, Caja G. Milk yield, milk composition, and milk metabolomics of dairy goats intramammary-challenged with lipopolysaccharide under heat stress conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5055. [PMID: 32193484 PMCID: PMC7081266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress and mastitis are major economic issues in dairy production. The objective was to test whether goat’s mammary gland immune response to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be conditioned by heat stress (HS). Changes in milk composition and milk metabolomics were evaluated after the administration of LPS in mammary glands of dairy goats under thermal-neutral (TN; n = 4; 15 to 20 °C; 40 to 45% humidity) or HS (n = 4; 35 °C day, 28 °C night; 40% humidity) conditions. Milk metabolomics were evaluated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and multivariate analyses were carried out. Heat stress reduced feed intake and milk yield by 28 and 21%, respectively. Mammary treatment with LPS resulted in febrile response that was detectable in TN goats, but was masked by elevated body temperature due to heat load in HS goats. Additionally, LPS increased milk protein and decreased milk lactose, with more marked changes in HS goats. The recruitment of somatic cells in milk after LPS treatment was delayed by HS. Milk metabolomics revealed that citrate increased by HS, whereas choline, phosphocholine, N-acetylcarbohydrates, lactate, and ß-hydroxybutyrate could be considered as putative markers of inflammation with different pattern according to the ambient temperature (i.e. TN vs. HS). In conclusion, changes in milk somatic cells and milk metabolomics indicated that heat stress affected the mammary immune response to simulated infection, which could make dairy animals more vulnerable to mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A K Salama
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Alexandra Contreras-Jodar
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Animal Welfare Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Girona, Spain
| | - Samantha Love
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nabil Mehaba
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Such
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gerardo Caja
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Sandner G, Mueller AS, Zhou X, Stadlbauer V, Schwarzinger B, Schwarzinger C, Wenzel U, Maenner K, van der Klis JD, Hirtenlehner S, Aumiller T, Weghuber J. Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, C. elegans and Growing Broilers. Molecules 2020; 25:E835. [PMID: 32075045 PMCID: PMC7070719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic changes and heat stress have become a great challenge in the livestock industry, negatively affecting, in particular, poultry feed intake and intestinal barrier malfunction. Recently, phytogenic feed additives were applied to reduce heat stress effects on animal farming. Here, we investigated the effects of ginseng extract using various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR, transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and survival assays under heat stress conditions were carried out in various model systems, including Caco-2 cells, Caenorhabditis elegans and jejunum samples of broilers. Under heat stress conditions, ginseng treatment lowered the expression of HSPA1A (Caco-2) and the heat shock protein genes hsp-1 and hsp-16.2 (both in C. elegans), while all three of the tested genes encoding tight junction proteins, CLDN3, OCLN and CLDN1 (Caco-2), were upregulated. In addition, we observed prolonged survival under heat stress in Caenorhabditis elegans, and a better performance of growing ginseng-fed broilers by the increased gene expression of selected heat shock and tight junction proteins. The presence of ginseng extract resulted in a reduced decrease in transepithelial resistance under heat shock conditions. Finally, LC-MS analysis was performed to quantitate the most prominent ginsenosides in the extract used for this study, being Re, Rg1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. In conclusion, ginseng extract was found to be a suitable feed additive in animal nutrition to reduce the negative physiological effects caused by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sandner
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Andreas S. Mueller
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Xiaodan Zhou
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Verena Stadlbauer
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln 3430, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Linz, Austria 4040;
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Linz, Austria 4040;
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Klaus Maenner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition of Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str.49, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jan Dirk van der Klis
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Stefan Hirtenlehner
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Tobias Aumiller
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln 3430, Austria
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30
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Ducray HAG, Globa L, Pustovyy O, Morrison E, Vodyanoy V, Sorokulova I. Yeast fermentate prebiotic improves intestinal barrier integrity during heat stress by modulation of the gut microbiota in rats. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1192-1206. [PMID: 31230390 PMCID: PMC6852649 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims To evaluate efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentate prebiotic (EH) in protection of intestinal barrier integrity in rats during heat stress, to analyze the impact of heat stress and preventive treatment with EH on the structure of the gut microbiota. Methods and Results Two groups of rats were treated orally with EH or phosphate‐buffered saline for 14 days. On day 15, half of the rats in each group were exposed to heat stress conditions, while control animals were kept at room temperature. Histological and Western blot analyses of the intestine, culture‐based microbiological analysis and high‐throughput 16S rRNA sequencing for the gut microbiota were performed for each rat. Exposure of animals to heat stress conditions resulted in inhibition of tight junction (TJ) proteins expression, decrease of Paneth and goblet cells, decrease of beneficial and increase of pathogenic bacteria. Oral treatment of rats with EH before stress significantly prevents these adverse effects by elevation of the gut beneficial bacteria, particularly butyrate‐producing bacteria. Conclusions Essential effect of EH in protection of intestinal barrier integrity during heat stress is connected with beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota. Significance and Impact of the Study Our results will contribute to the development of new approaches to prevention of heat stress‐related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A G Ducray
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - L Globa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - O Pustovyy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - E Morrison
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - V Vodyanoy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - I Sorokulova
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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OGBUAGU NE, ALUWONG T, AYO JO, SUMANU VO. Effect of fisetin and probiotic supplementation on erythrocyte osmotic fragility, malondialdehyde concentration and superoxide dismutase activity in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1895-1900. [PMID: 30404955 PMCID: PMC6305513 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of fisetin and probiotic on erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. Sixty day-old broilers were divided into: Group I (control) given distilled water; Group II, fisetin (5 mg/kg); Group III, probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae (4.125 × 106 cfu/100 ml); and Group IV, fisetin (5 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 106 cfu/100 ml) orally for 7 days. Blood samples collected from 42-day-old birds were evaluated for EOF, serum MDA concentration and SOD activity. Percentage EOF at 0.5% NaCl was lower (P<0.05) in fisetin, probiotic and fisetin + probiotic groups (34.26 ± 0.98%, 35.65 ± 0.81% and 34.25 ± 1.98%, respectively) than in controls (48.42 ± 0.40%). The MDA concentrations in broiler chickens administered with fisetin (14.37 ± 1.15 nmol/l), probiotic (5.66 ± 1.06 nmol/l) and fisetin + probiotic (4.136 ± 0.58 nmol/l) were lower (P<0.05) than in controls (22.64 ± 2.95 nmol/l). Activities of SOD were higher (P<0.05) in fisetin, probiotic and fisetin + probiotic broiler chickens (6.34 ± 0.24 IU/l, 5.67 ± 0.09 IU/l and 5.93 ± 0.13 IU/l, respectively) than in controls (5.37 ± 0.09 IU/l). Fisetin + probiotic ameliorated oxidative stress changes in broiler chickens better than fisetin or probiotic alone. In conclusion, administration of fisetin or probiotic and, especially their combination, decreased EOF, lipoperoxidation and increased superoxide dismutase activity in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngozi Ejum OGBUAGU
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, P.O. Box 2555, Nigeria
| | - Tagang ALUWONG
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, P.O. Box 2555, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Olusegun AYO
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, P.O. Box 2555, Nigeria
| | - Victory Osirimade SUMANU
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, P.O. Box 2555, Nigeria
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32
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Regulation of Antimicrobial Pathways by Endogenous Heat Shock Proteins in Gastrointestinal Disorders. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential mediators of cellular homeostasis by maintaining protein functionality and stability, and activating appropriate immune cells. HSP activity is influenced by a variety of factors including diet, microbial stimuli, environment and host immunity. The overexpression and down-regulation of HSPs is associated with various disease phenotypes, including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease (CD). While the precise etiology of CD remains unclear, many of the putative triggers also influence HSP activity. The development of different CD phenotypes therefore may be a result of the disease-modifying behavior of the environmentally-regulated HSPs. Understanding the role of bacterial and endogenous HSPs in host homeostasis and disease will help elucidate the complex interplay of factors. Furthermore, discerning the function of HSPs in CD may lead to therapeutic developments that better reflect and respond to the gut environment.
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