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Wang H, Zhong Y, Jia S, Meng Y, Bian X, Zhang X, Liu Y. Cognitive shifts in pain perception under moral enhancement conditions: Evidence from an EEG study. Brain Cogn 2025; 185:106273. [PMID: 39986114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
In social life, empathy and morality are often viewed as inseparable and mutually reinforcing. Pain empathy is a key form of empathy, and understanding how social moral factors affect pain empathy is an important challenge. This study uses various EEG analysis methods to explore the cognitive and neural mechanisms by which moral enhancement affects pain empathy. Behavioral results showed significantly higher ratings for painful stimuli compared to non-painful ones. ERP analysis revealed that, under moral enhancement, pain stimuli elicited more negative N1 amplitudes and more positive P3 amplitudes. Time-frequency analysis indicated that moral enhancement inhibited theta band activity in response to painful stimuli. Functional connectivity analysis showed stronger connections in the frontal, right temporal, and occipital regions under moral enhancement and in the frontal, right temporal, and parietal regions when viewing painful stimuli. Additionally, machine learning results indicated that functional connections between the right temporal and parietal regions have significant negative predictive power for moral enhancement during painful stimuli. This study reveals the complex effects of moral enhancement on pain-related stimuli, demonstrating that it not only increases adaptability to pain but also enhances moral judgment, offering new insights into the interaction between moral cognition and emotional responses with significant theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China; School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Brain Science, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China.
| | - Yifei Zhong
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Brain Science, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China.
| | - Shuyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, No.199 South Chang' an Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710062, China.
| | - Yujia Meng
- Center for Computational Biology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xiaohua Bian
- School of Educational Science, International Joint Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
| | - XiuJun Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China; School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Brain Science, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China.
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China; School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Brain Science, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province, China.
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Lashkari A, Brett JD, Abdolpour G, Mazidi M. Measuring cognitive and affective empathy across positive and negative emotions: psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Perth Empathy Scale. Front Psychiatry 2025; 16:1533611. [PMID: 40134974 PMCID: PMC11932917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1533611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Empathy, a complex and multidimensional construct essential for social functioning and mental health, has been extensively studied in both research and clinical settings. The Perth Empathy Scale (PES), a recently developed self-report measure, assesses cognitive and affective empathy across both positive and negative emotions and is based on the self-other model of empathy. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the PES in large Iranian sample. Methods A total of 868 Iranian adults participated in this study. Factorial validity was examined through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).Internal consistency and concurrent validity were assessed by examining correlations with established empathy measures, including the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), as well as the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). Measurement invariance was also tested between Iranian and Australian samples. Results The findings supported a three-factor model comprising cognitive empathy, negative affective empathy, and positive affective empathy. The Persian PES demonstrated structural validity, internal consistency, and concurrent validity, suggesting it is a reliable measure for empathy assessment across cultural contexts. Discussion This study provides empirical support for the validity of the Persian PES and contributes to the expanding body of research on empathy assessment. The results suggest that the PES can be effectively used in Persian- speaking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Lashkari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jack D. Brett
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- The Kids Research Institute Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ghasem Abdolpour
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mazidi
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Kaźmierczak M, Rybicka M, Syty P. Genetic variations as predictors of dispositional and dyadic empathy-a couple study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:27411. [PMID: 39521899 PMCID: PMC11550856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-78857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological drivers of empathy have been explored in an interdisciplinary manner for decades. Research that merges the psychological and genetic perspectives of empathy has recently gained interest, and more complex designs and analyses are needed. Empathy is a multidimensional construct that might be regarded both dispositionally (as a personality trait) and contextually (experienced and/or expressed in a particular relationship/situation). This study analyzed genetic variations associated with genes encoding oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, and receptors that regulate their secretion as predictors of the empathic dimensions of emotional (empathic concern and personal distress) and cognitive (perspective taking) dyadic factors of partners in heterosexual intimate relationships. Machine learning methods to capture both linear and nonlinear relationships between SNPs, RS1 and RS2 repeat polymorphisms and dimensions of empathy in couples were employed. A total of 442 individuals (221 couples) participated in this study. Empathy was measured by the Polish version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples. The MassARRAY® 4 instrument, which combines mass spectrometry with endpoint PCR, was used for genotyping all 14 genetic variations. Microsatellite fragment analysis was performed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results confirmed the significance of certain genetic alterations linked to oxytocin, vasopressin, serotonin and estrogen for dispositional and dyadic empathy (mainly rs1884051, rs6311, RS1, rs4686302, and rs1042778) in couples. The effects were stronger for the prediction of emotional and dyadic empathy than for perspective taking. Separate analyses for women and men indicated different predictive effects of genes for empathy (for example, effects of rs53576 were indicated only in women), which are also experienced and expressed in couples. Different dimensions of empathy should be included when the genetic predictors of empathy are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Division of Family Studies and Quality of Life, University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Rybicka
- Department of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Syty
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Sáez-Delgado F, Mella-Norambuena J, López-Angulo Y. Psychometric properties of the SocioEmotional Skills Instrument for Teachers using network approach: English and Spanish version. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1421164. [PMID: 39372955 PMCID: PMC11449755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1421164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of socioemotional teaching skills has been highlighted for its link with better academic, social, emotional, and behavioral results of students, as well as for its contribution to the work wellbeing, mental health, and prosperity of teachers. However, there are few instruments that measure these skills in teachers in the context of their professional practice. The purpose of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the socioemotional Skills Instrument for Teachers (SEMS-IT). An instrumental design and a sample of 853 Chilean secondary school teachers were used. To evaluate the dimensional structure of the instrument, a portion of the sample (n = 468) underwent a network estimation method with exploratory graph analysis (EGA) using a Gaussian GLASSO model. Then, in order to confirm the structural consistency and stability of the items, the analysis was replicated in a second sample (n = 385), where these results were additionally contrasted with those of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EGA findings confirmed a structure of four dimensions and 19 items in total: (a) cognitive management of teacher emotion (four items), (b) teacher empathic concern (four items), (c) teacher-student relationship (four items), and (d) adverse classroom climate (seven items), with a 7-point Likert scale response format. The CFA showed good and acceptable fit indicators, X2 (171) = 354.546 (p < 0.001), Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.971, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.966, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.061, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.062. In conclusion, a tool for the assessment of teachers' socioemotional skills, valid for school-based educational research, is provided. Implications of the findings at the theoretical and practical levels are discussed, as well as limitations and future projections for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Sáez-Delgado
- Departamento Fundamentos de la Pedagogía, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Yaranay López-Angulo
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Lim M, Carollo A, Bizzego A, Chen ASH, Esposito G. Synchrony within, synchrony without: establishing the link between interpersonal behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony during role-play. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240331. [PMID: 39318827 PMCID: PMC11421382 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Interpersonal synchrony is a crucial construct in understanding social interactions, which has been used in clinical studies to measure the quality of the therapeutic alliance. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the correlation between synchrony expressed on different levels: behavioural and neurophysiological. Furthermore, there are no studies that examine how the implementation of psychodramatic role-playing techniques, when individuals adopt the persona of a different character, may influence intrinsic biobehavioural synchrony between two parties. The present study, therefore, aims to uncover the relationship between behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony across different role-playing techniques and elucidate the impact of these synchronies on participants' levels of anxiety and empathy. By using functional near-infrared imaging and behavioural coding in a dyadic role-playing paradigm (n = 41 dyads), the study found correlations between behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony during naturalistic conversations, but not during role-play, implying a qualitative change in interpersonal synchrony when implementing role-playing techniques. Additionally, the study noted significant contributions of both behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony as well as peripheral factors such as dyadic sex make-up and role immersion in predicting dyadic anxiety and empathy changes. Findings call for future studies to consider role-playing scenarios as a qualitatively different form of social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Lim
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Bizzego
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Annabel S H Chen
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Buczel KA, Szyszka PD, Mara I. Exploring Compersion: A Study on Polish Consensually Non-Monogamous Individuals and Adaptation of the COMPERSe Questionnaire. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:3285-3307. [PMID: 38951409 PMCID: PMC11335843 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Compersion is a positive emotion experienced in relation to one's partner's relationship(s) with other partner(s). Experiencing it is highly desired in communities practicing consensual non-monogamy (CNM), especially polyamory. This article presents the results of a study on compersion on Polish CNM individuals. The main goal of the study was to adapt to the Polish-speaking population the COMPERSe (Classifying Our Metamour/Partner Emotional Response Scale; Flicker et al., 2021), the first standardized quantitative scale designed to measure compersion. The analyses were performed on data obtained from 211 individuals in CNM relationships and on a comparative group of 169 people in monogamous relationships. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the three-factor model of the original COMPERSe version did not fit well, leading to further revisions that resulted in a 7-item, two-factor solution with excellent fit, excellent internal consistency, strong divergent and convergent validity, and excellent test-retest stability. The CNM individuals were found to have higher scores on compersion and cognitive empathy and were also less jealous than the monogamous participants. Furthermore, polyamorous individuals experienced more compersion and less aversion to partner's autonomy than people in open relationships. It was also revealed that compersion indirectly predicted relationship satisfaction by decreasing jealousy and that compersion was, in turn, predicted by cognitive empathy. However, when polyamorous and open relationships were analyzed separately, compersion predicted relationship satisfaction directly, but only in polyamorous relationships; meanwhile, in open relationships, satisfaction was directly predicted by cognitive empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Austeja Buczel
- Doctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 34 Rynek Główny, 31-010, Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Izu Mara
- Psychology Department, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
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Hudson CC, Bowers EM, Björgvinsson T, Beard C. Perspective taking as a transdiagnostic risk factor for interpersonal dysfunction. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:68-74. [PMID: 38718441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous psychiatric populations have demonstrated reduced tendency to adopt others' perspectives relative to those without psychiatric illness; yet, the clinical implications of these deficits remain unclear. We examined whether impairments in perspective-taking are prospectively associated with symptom severity and functional outcomes in an acute psychiatric sample. We hypothesized that poorer perspective-taking would prospectively predict more severe depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and relationship problems. METHOD Participants were 421 adults seeking psychiatric treatment at a partial hospital program. Participants completed the following self-report questionnaires at admission and discharge: Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Patient Health Questionnaire, Work and Social Adjustment Scale, and Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale. We conducted cross-lagged panel models to estimate directional effects. RESULTS Consistent with hypotheses, more frequent perspective-taking was significantly and prospectively associated with less overall functional impairment (β = -0.08, p = 0.04) and fewer relationship problems (β = -0.11, p = 0.02). When modelled together, perspective-taking remained a significant and bidirectional predictor of relationship problems, but not overall functional impairment. Inconsistent with hypotheses, perspective-taking did not prospectively predict depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that perspective-taking deficits are uniquely associated with relationship problems among adults with severe mental illness and highlight a potential target for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Hudson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emily M Bowers
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Thröstur Björgvinsson
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney Beard
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Huo M, Kim K, Fingerman KL, Zarit SH. Empathy and support exchanges in couples coping with early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:995-1002. [PMID: 38468497 PMCID: PMC11189744 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2326958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research has extensively examined spousal caregiving in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it remains unclear how people with AD help spousal caregivers. We aimed to describe emotional and practical support that people with AD and their spouses provide to each other and test the role their empathy plays in these support experiences. METHODS Seventy-two people with early-stage AD and their spousal caregivers independently reported empathy (personal distress, empathic concern, perspective taking) and the frequency and appraisal of support provision. Caregivers reported both partners' sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS People with early-stage AD and their spousal caregivers provided support to each other often. Caregivers provided more support but people with AD appraised support provision as more pleasant and less stressful. Lower personal distress in both partners and greater caregiver empathic concern were associated with more frequent caregiver support to people with AD. Greater empathic concern and perspective taking were associated with more pleasant appraisals of helping. Personal distress was positively associated with stress of helping. CONCLUSION Findings describe support reciprocity in early-stage AD and debunk the myth of people with AD being only recipients of care. We identify risk and resilience in couples per empathy and inform the design of dyadic interventions to promote mutually beneficial relationships in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huo
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Child Development and Family Studies, Seoul National University
| | - Karen L. Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Steven H. Zarit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
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Lim M, Carollo A, Bizzego A, Chen AS, Esposito G. Culture, sex and social context influence brain-to-brain synchrony: an fNIRS hyperscanning study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:350. [PMID: 38877525 PMCID: PMC11179279 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unique interpersonal synchrony occurs during every social interaction, and is shaped by characteristics of participating individuals in these social contexts. Additionally, depending on context demands, interpersonal synchrony is also altered. The study therefore aims to investigate culture, sex, and social context effects simultaneously in a novel role-play paradigm. Additionally, the effect of personality traits on synchrony was investigated across cultures, and a further exploratory analysis on the effects of these variables on pre- and post-session empathy changes was conducted. METHODS 83 dyads were recruited in two waves from Singapore and Italy and took part in a within-subjects session where they interacted with each other as themselves (Naturalistic Conversation) and as others (Role-Play and Role Reversal). Big Five Inventory (administered pre-session) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (administered pre- and post-session) were used as measures of personality and empathy respectively, while synchrony was measured using hyperscanning functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the prefrontal cortex. After data-preprocessing and preliminary analyses, a mixture of multiple linear regression and exploratory forward stepwise regression models were used to address the above study aims. RESULTS Results revealed significant main and interaction effects of culture, sex and social context on brain-to-brain synchrony, particularly in the medial left cluster of the prefrontal cortex, and a unique contribution of extraversion and openness to experience to synchrony in the Italian cohort only. Finally, culture-driven differences in empathy changes were identified, where significant increases in empathy across sessions were generally only observed within the Singaporean cohort. CONCLUSIONS Main findings indicate lowered brain-to-brain synchrony during role-playing activities that is moderated by the dyad's sex make-up and culture, implying differential processing of social interactions that is also influenced by individuals' background factors. Findings align with current literature that role-playing is a cognitively demanding activity requiring greater levels of self-regulation and suppression of self-related cognition as opposed to interpersonal co-regulation characterized by synchrony. However, the current pattern of results would be better supported by future studies investigating multimodal synchronies and corroboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Lim
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andrea Bizzego
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Annabel Sh Chen
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
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Sippel LM, Wachsman TR, Kelley ME, Knopp KC, Khalifian CE, Maglione JE, Glynn SM, Macdonald A, Monson CM, Flanagan JC, Holtzheimer PE, Morland LA. Design of a randomized clinical trial of brief couple therapy for PTSD augmented with intranasal oxytocin. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 141:107534. [PMID: 38614447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leveraging military veterans' intimate relationships during treatment has the potential to concurrently improve posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and relationship quality. Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy (CBCT) and an 8-session Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy (bCBCT) are manualized treatments designed to simultaneously improve PTSD and relationship functioning for couples in which one partner has PTSD. Although efficacious in improving PTSD, the effects of CBCT on relationship satisfaction are small, especially among veterans. Intranasal oxytocin, which targets mechanisms of PTSD and relationship quality, may enhance the efficacy of bCBCT. METHOD/DESIGN The purpose of this 4-year clinical trial is to compare the outcomes of bCBCT augmented with intranasal oxytocin versus bCBCT plus placebo. We will also explore potential mechanisms of action: self-reported communication skills, empathy, and trust. We will recruit 120 dyads (i.e., veteran with PTSD and their intimate partner) from the VA San Diego Healthcare System. Veterans will be administered 40 international units of oxytocin (n = 60) or placebo (n = 60) 30 min before each of 8 bCBCT sessions delivered via telehealth. Clinical and functioning outcomes will be assessed at five timepoints (baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-up). CONCLUSION Study findings will reveal the efficacy of oxytocin-assisted brief couple therapy for PTSD, which could serve as highly scalable option for couples coping with PTSD, as well as provide preliminary evidence of interpersonal mechanisms of change. CLINICALTRIALS govIdentifier:NCT06194851.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Sippel
- Department of Veterans Affairs Northeast Program Evaluation Center, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD Evaluation Division, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Tamara R Wachsman
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Mary E Kelley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD Executive Division, 215 North Main St., White River Junction, VT 05009, USA.
| | - Kayla C Knopp
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CT 92093, USA.
| | - Chandra E Khalifian
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CT 92093, USA.
| | - Jeanne E Maglione
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CT 92093, USA.
| | - Shirley M Glynn
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
| | - Alexandra Macdonald
- The Citadel, Military College of South Carolina, 171 Moultrie Street, Charleston, SC 29409, USA.
| | - Candice M Monson
- Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Julianne C Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
| | - Paul E Holtzheimer
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD Executive Division, 215 North Main St., White River Junction, VT 05009, USA.
| | - Leslie A Morland
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division, 150 South Huntington Street, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
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Grynberg D, Baudry AS, Christophe V, Lamore K, Dassonneville C, Ramirez C. Caregivers' perception of patients' interpersonal and psychiatric alterations: What is the impact on their health? Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 66:102356. [PMID: 37506609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research conducted among caregivers of patients with cancer revealed a poor Quality of Life (QoL) and high levels of distress. In addition to the influence of patients' clinical state, caregivers' appraisals of patients' difficulties should be considered as another predictor of poor caregiver health. This study aims to test the association between caregivers' health (i.e., QoL, depression and anxiety) and their perception of patients' difficulties. METHODS 199 caregivers of patients with cancer completed an online survey based on questionnaires measuring their QoL, depression and anxiety, as well as their perception of patients' cognitive, emotional, functional, psychiatric and interpersonal difficulties. RESULTS It was found that the appraisal of patients' impairments in all domains was mainly correlated with poor caregivers' QoL (Pearson correlations ranged from 0.14 to 0.45; p ≤ .05). Furthermore, linear regression analyses showed that, after controlling for age, sex education level, professional activity and living with or without the patient, the appraisal of patients' interpersonal abilities (β = 0.25, p ≤ .05), psychiatric difficulties (β = -0.25, p ≤ .01) and living with the patient were the main predictors of caregivers' QoL. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of better understanding the role of patients' social and psychiatric difficulties when examining caregivers' health. This indicates the importance of providing support and offering information to caregivers to alert them to the role of patients' social and psychiatric difficulties on their own health. Future studies should better understand how these difficulties are associated with caregivers' perception of identity/sociability alterations in patients and how caregivers cope with these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Grynberg
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Baudry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France; Pôle cancérologie et spécialités médicales - Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, France
| | | | - Kristopher Lamore
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Dassonneville
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Carole Ramirez
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne, Cedex 02, France
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12
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Ibrahim H, Liu F, Asim R, Battu B, Benabderrahmane S, Alhafni B, Adnan W, Alhanai T, AlShebli B, Baghdadi R, Bélanger JJ, Beretta E, Celik K, Chaqfeh M, Daqaq MF, Bernoussi ZE, Fougnie D, Garcia de Soto B, Gandolfi A, Gyorgy A, Habash N, Harris JA, Kaufman A, Kirousis L, Kocak K, Lee K, Lee SS, Malik S, Maniatakos M, Melcher D, Mourad A, Park M, Rasras M, Reuben A, Zantout D, Gleason NW, Makovi K, Rahwan T, Zaki Y. Perception, performance, and detectability of conversational artificial intelligence across 32 university courses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12187. [PMID: 37620342 PMCID: PMC10449897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of large language models has led to the development of powerful tools such as ChatGPT that can produce text indistinguishable from human-generated work. With the increasing accessibility of such technology, students across the globe may utilize it to help with their school work-a possibility that has sparked ample discussion on the integrity of student evaluation processes in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). To date, it is unclear how such tools perform compared to students on university-level courses across various disciplines. Further, students' perspectives regarding the use of such tools in school work, and educators' perspectives on treating their use as plagiarism, remain unknown. Here, we compare the performance of the state-of-the-art tool, ChatGPT, against that of students on 32 university-level courses. We also assess the degree to which its use can be detected by two classifiers designed specifically for this purpose. Additionally, we conduct a global survey across five countries, as well as a more in-depth survey at the authors' institution, to discern students' and educators' perceptions of ChatGPT's use in school work. We find that ChatGPT's performance is comparable, if not superior, to that of students in a multitude of courses. Moreover, current AI-text classifiers cannot reliably detect ChatGPT's use in school work, due to both their propensity to classify human-written answers as AI-generated, as well as the relative ease with which AI-generated text can be edited to evade detection. Finally, there seems to be an emerging consensus among students to use the tool, and among educators to treat its use as plagiarism. Our findings offer insights that could guide policy discussions addressing the integration of artificial intelligence into educational frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ibrahim
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Rohail Asim
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Balaraju Battu
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Bashar Alhafni
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Wifag Adnan
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Tuka Alhanai
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bedoor AlShebli
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Riyadh Baghdadi
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Elena Beretta
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kemal Celik
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Moumena Chaqfeh
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammed F Daqaq
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Daryl Fougnie
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Alberto Gandolfi
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Andras Gyorgy
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nizar Habash
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - J Andrew Harris
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Aaron Kaufman
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Korhan Kocak
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kangsan Lee
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Seungah S Lee
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Samreen Malik
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - David Melcher
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Azzam Mourad
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Minsu Park
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Alicja Reuben
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dania Zantout
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nancy W Gleason
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kinga Makovi
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Talal Rahwan
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Yasir Zaki
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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13
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Tassone D, Gauvin SEM, Flores LE, Pukall CF. "It happens to everyone" vs. "You're not a real man": The relationship between intimate communication and men's sexual difficulties. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2023; 49:869-885. [PMID: 37218825 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2023.2214544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sexual difficulties can have negative intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences on both members of a couple, but little is known about how communication in a relationship relates to men's experience of sexual difficulties. We explored the associations among components of intimate communication, men's sexual difficulties, relationship satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction in a sample of men in mixed-gender and same-gender relationships (n = 341). Among all components of intimate communication, sexual communication was most consistently related to indicators of sexual difficulties, relationship satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction. Results generally remained consistent across mixed-gender and same-gender couples, with some exceptions relevant to sexual difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tassone
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Luis E Flores
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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14
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Johnson S, Gordon C, Myers B, Kantor R. "We can work it out": positive problem solving as a mediator between perspective-taking and relationship satisfaction among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:914-920. [PMID: 34242129 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1909044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to examine the role of positive problem solving in the relation between perspective taking and relationship satisfaction.Participants: One hundred and four college students participated in the present study, if they had been in a romantic relationship for a minimum of six months.Methods: Participants completed measures of relationship satisfaction, perspective-taking relative to romantic couples, and of positive problem-solving in couples.Results: As predicted, both perspective-taking and positive problem-solving were significantly related to relationship satisfaction. In addition, positive problem-solving emerged as a significant partial mediator of the relation between perspective-taking and relationship satisfaction.Conclusions: The benefits of skills training in the areas of perspective-taking and problem-solving in college student health and functioning are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cameron Gordon
- Psychology, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bryan Myers
- Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Kantor
- Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Brassard A, Charbachi N, Claing A, Godbout N, Savard C, Lafontaine MF, Péloquin K. Childhood Sexual Abuse, Dyadic Empathy, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Seeking Psychological Help. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22114-NP22134. [PMID: 35089108 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211069690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) have both been associated with numerous negative repercussions. The first aim of this study is to understand IPV perpetrated by men within a clinical population, by examining the effects of two potential predictors: CSA and dyadic empathy (cognitive and emotional). The second aim of this study is to explore whether dyadic empathy is an intermediary variable of the association between CSA and IPV. A sample of 198 men (aged 18-69 years old) who were seeking help for relationship problems, completed a set of self-administered questionnaires. While controlling for social desirability and family violence history, our findings outlined the mediating and moderating role of dyadic empathy in the link between CSA and perpetrated psychological, but not physical, IPV. Emotional empathy mediated and moderated the link between CSA and psychological IPV, whereas cognitive empathy only moderated this link. The examination of the direct links between the variables also revealed that CSA was related to lower emotional empathy and higher rates of both types of IPV. In addition, cognitive empathy was negatively associated with physical and psychological IPV, whereas emotional empathy was positively associated with psychological IPV. This study contributes to the literature by documenting some of the mechanisms that could explain the perpetration of IPV and highlights the importance of investigating CSA and empathy in men who are seeking help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Brassard
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
| | - Noëlle Charbachi
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Claing
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
| | - Natacha Godbout
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Savard
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
- Departement of Fundamentals and Basics in Education, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Katherine Péloquin
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Development and Validation of the Flexibility in Partner Perspectives Scale. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-022-09653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mostova O, Stolarski M, Matthews G. I love the way you love me: Responding to partner’s love language preferences boosts satisfaction in romantic heterosexual couples. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269429. [PMID: 35731784 PMCID: PMC9216579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chapman’s Love Languages hypothesis claims that (1) people vary in the ways they prefer to receive and express affection and (2) romantic partners who communicate their feelings congruent with their partner’s preferences experience greater relationship quality. The author proposes five distinct preferences and tendencies for expressing love, including: Acts of Service, Physical Touch, Words of Affirmation, Quality Time and Gifts. In the present study partners (N = 100 heterosexual couples) completed measures assessing their preferences and behavioral tendencies for a) expressions of love and b) reception of signs of affection, for each of the five proposed “love languages”. Relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction and empathy were also assessed. The degree of the within-couple mismatch was calculated separately for each individual based on the discrepancies between the person’s felt (preferred) and their partner’s expressed love language. The joint mismatch indicator was a sum of discrepancies across the five love languages. Matching on love languages was associated with both relationship and sexual satisfaction. In particular, people who expressed their affection in the way their partners preferred to receive it, experienced greater satisfaction with their relationships and were more sexually satisfied compared to those who met their partner’s needs to lesser extent. Empathy was expected to be a critical factor for better understanding of and responding to the partner’s needs. Results provided some support for this hypothesis among male but not female participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Mostova
- Doctoral School of Social Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Stolarski
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerald Matthews
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Orlando, FL, United States of America
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18
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Dance intervention for negative symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 47:101565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Sesso G, Brancati GE, Fantozzi P, Inguaggiato E, Milone A, Masi G. Measures of empathy in children and adolescents: A systematic review of questionnaires. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:876-896. [PMID: 34733649 PMCID: PMC8546775 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy has long been considered a multidimensional construct, encompassing cognitive, affective and behavioral domains. Deficits in empathic competences in early childhood contribute to psychopathology, and have been variably implicated in several clinical conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and conduct disorders. AIM To identify and describe empirically validated questionnaires assessing empathy in children and adolescents and to provide a summary of related theoretical perspectives on empathy definitional issues. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Three bibliographic databases were searched. A total of 47 studies were selected for final analysis and 16 distinct measures were identified and described. RESULTS Questionable to excellent levels of internal consistency were observed, while few studies assessed test-retest reliability. Although construct definitions only partially overlapped, affective and cognitive domains of empathy were the commonest internal factors that were often separately evaluated. New facets of the construct (i.e., somatic empathy and sympathy) and specific clinical populations (i.e., ASD) could be specifically addressed through more recent instruments. CONCLUSION The combination of different assessment methods is recommended in order to foresee further improvements in this field and try to overcome the problem of limited convergence with more objective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sesso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | | | - Pamela Fantozzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone 56128, Italy
| | - Emanuela Inguaggiato
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone 56128, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone 56128, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone 56128, Italy
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20
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Gün Kakaşçı Ç, Coşkuner Potur D, Karabulut Ö, Ertuğrul Abbasoğlu D, Demirci N, Doğan Merih Y. Does Antenatal Education Affect Level Of Empathy And Attachment Of Fathers? J Reprod Infant Psychol 2021; 40:366-383. [PMID: 34555950 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.1979198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine the effects of antenatal education on the paternal bonding and empathic tendency levels of men who would become fathers for the first time. BACKGROUND There are a limited number of studies in the literature that have investigated the effects of antenatal education programmes on fathers. METHODS This prospective, controlled quasi-experimental study was conducted in a hospital in Istanbul. The men in the antenatal educational group (EG) and their wives participated in training in antenatal classes. The men in the control group (CG) came for routine prenatal follow-up examinations with their wives. The Empathic Tendency and Paternal Postnatal Attachment Scales were used to collect the data. RESULTS The Empathic Tendency Scale was applied before the education (1) - after the education (2) and at the 6th postpartum week (3), whilst the Paternal Postnatal Attachment Scale was used at the 6th postpartum month (4). EG had higher emphatic tendency levels in the 2nd and 3rd measurements and higher paternal bonding levels in the 4th measurement in comparison to CG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Antenatal education increased the emphatic tendency of the fathers and the effects of this education continued in the postpartum period and affected paternal bonding positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Gün Kakaşçı
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Division of Nursing, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Dilek Coşkuner Potur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Division of Nursing, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Karabulut
- Zeynep Kamil Women and Child Disease Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nurdan Demirci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Division of Nursing, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Doğan Merih
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology Nursing, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
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21
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Pester BD, Caño A, Kostecki T, Wurm LH. How Do I Help My Partner in Pain? Partners' Helping Behaviors Are Linked to Lower Pain and Greater Perceived Validation During an Experimental Pain Task. Ann Behav Med 2021; 54:280-290. [PMID: 31671189 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observers' responses to people with illness are important predictors of quality of life, yet findings are mixed regarding the types of responses that affect illness-related suffering. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine whether perspective taking positively affects observers' responses to their romantic partner experiencing experimentally induced pain and whether responses based in Self-Determination Theory and communication models of illness are related to perceived validation and pain outcomes. METHODS Undergraduate romantic couples (N = 122) completed baseline questionnaires; then one partner was randomly assigned to complete the cold pressor task, whereas the other partner observed. Couples were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a perspective-taking group in which observers were privately instructed to take the perspective of the pain participant or a control group. Afterward, both partners completed surveys, and pain participants completed a video recall task in which they recalled partner behaviors that were coded by trained raters using a theoretically derived manual. RESULTS Pain participants in the perspective-taking group identified significantly less invalidating communication from their partners, fewer behaviors that thwarted their competence, and more behaviors that supported their autonomy. Across groups, pain participants who received more normalizing communication that supported their competence felt more validated by their partners, had lower pain intensity, and exhibited greater pain tolerance, whereas those who received more invalidation showed worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that attention to different types of partner behaviors is essential when developing behavioral medicine treatments for pain and illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany D Pester
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Annmarie Caño
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Toni Kostecki
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lee H Wurm
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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22
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Flicker SM, Vaughan MD, Meyers LS. Feeling Good About Your Partners' Relationships: Compersion in Consensually Non-Monogamous Relationships. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1569-1585. [PMID: 34075503 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compersion is a well-known term in polyamorous communities that connotes the positive emotion an individual may experience in relation to their partner's relationship with another partner. We know little about this emotion or about the factors that facilitate or inhibit its expression. The lack of a standardized measure for compersion has likely contributed to its neglect in the empirical literature. We sought to remedy this gap by creating a reliable and valid quantitative scale, The COMPERSe (Classifying Our Metamour/Partner Emotional Response Scale), through a multi-stage, bottom-up process grounded in a qualitative understanding of consensually non-monogamous (CNM) individuals' lived experience of compersion. This paper describes the thematic analysis of qualitative data (n = 44) which underpinned item generation, revision of the item pool based on researcher, practitioner, and community member feedback, exploratory (n = 310) and confirmatory factor analyses (n = 320) to ascertain the factor structure of the data, and examination of convergent and divergent validity. Results supported the use of a three-factor scale (Happiness about Partner/Metamour Relationship, Excitement for New Connections, and Sexual Arousal), which demonstrated excellent internal consistency as well as strong divergent and convergent validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Flicker
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Amador Hall 353B, MS 6007 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA.
| | - Michelle D Vaughan
- School of Professional Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Lawrence S Meyers
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Amador Hall 353B, MS 6007 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
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23
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Song C, Buysse A, Zhang WH, Lasser J, Dewaele A. Sex Differences in the Romantic Relationships of Same-Gender Couples: The Role of Visibility Management. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:1103-1120. [PMID: 33588647 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120988134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although internalized homonegativity (IH) in lesbian, gay, or bisexual people (LGBs) predicts adverse relationship satisfaction, this association has typically only been examined on an individual level. Moreover, studies often ignore potential mechanisms that underlie sex differences. One of these mechanisms is related to visibility management (i.e., the careful, planned decisions about whether or not to disclose one's sexual orientation). Therefore, in this study we investigate dyadic sex-specific associations between IH, visibility management, and relationship satisfaction. Our sample includes 254 LGB couples (139 female and 115 male same-gender dyads) in Flanders, Belgium. Data were analyzed with the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM). Results indicated that there were small to medium significant correlations among IH, visibility management, and relationship satisfaction. We also found support for mediated actor effects: individuals low in IH maintain less restrictive visibility management strategies. These in turn lead to higher relationship satisfaction, but only in female same-gender couples. Our findings contribute to the understanding of mechanisms that underlie the harmful effects of sexual minority stressors for same-gender relationship satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Buysse
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jon Lasser
- Department of Counseling, Leadership, Adult Education, and School Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Alexis Dewaele
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kaźmierczak M, Karasiewicz K. Dyadic empathy in Polish samples: validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 9:354-365. [PMID: 38014405 PMCID: PMC10655773 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy as a multidimensional construct is considered a basis of satisfying intimate relationships. The role of other-oriented focus in empathizing with a partner has been highlighted. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples (IRIC) measures emotional and cognitive empathy displayed in the context of a romantic relationship and expressed towards the partner. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE A total sample of 2339 individuals in intimate relationships (including 1006 couples) participated in the research. Three studies are presented on adaptation of the IRIC to Polish in the context of participants' emotional and relational functioning. RESULTS The two-factor structure of the measure was confirmed. However, the specific content of two factors was modified to better fit the data. A reliable and valid measure of empathic tendencies in couples has been obtained. Emotional dyadic empathic concern and cognitive dyadic perspective taking were associated with general emotional and cognitive empathy as well as with relationship satisfaction. Correlations with emotional contagion, stress and attachment were also explored. CONCLUSIONS The IRIC is a short, reliable and valid measure of empathic tendencies in couples to be easily implemented in research and practice. Personal traits of both partners should be seen as predictors or correlates of dyadic empathy. The presented research results might be applied to the design of interventions and programs increasing quality of romantic relationships.
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Ribeiro da Costa C, Soares JM, Oliveira-Silva P, Sampaio A, Coutinho JF. Interplay Between the Salience and the Default Mode Network in a Social-Cognitive Task Toward a Close Other. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:718400. [PMID: 35197871 PMCID: PMC8859259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.718400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Social cognition relies on two main subsystems to construct the understanding of others, which are sustained by different social brain networks. One of these social networks is the default mode network (DMN) associated with the socio-cognitive subsystem (i.e., mentalizing), and the other is the salience network (SN) associated with the socio-affective route (i.e., empathy). The DMN and the SN are well-known resting state networks that seem to constitute a baseline for the performance of social tasks. We aimed to investigate both networks' functional connectivity (FC) pattern in the transition from resting state to social task performance. A sample of 38 participants involved in a monogamous romantic relationship completed a questionnaire of dyadic empathy and underwent an fMRI protocol that included a resting state acquisition followed by a task in which subjects watched emotional videos of their romantic partner and elaborated on their partner's (Other condition) or on their own experience (Self condition). Independent component and ROI-to-ROI correlation analysis were used to assess alterations in task-independent (Rest condition) and task-dependent (Self and Other conditions) FC. We found that the spatial FC maps of the DMN and SN evidenced the traditional regions associated with these networks in the three conditions. Anterior and posterior DMN regions exhibited increased FC during the social task performance compared to resting state. The Other condition revealed a more limited SN's connectivity in comparison to the Self and Rest conditions. The results revealed an interplay between the main nodes of the DMN and the core regions of the SN, particularly evident in the Self and Other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ribeiro da Costa
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jose M Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana F Coutinho
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Coutinho J, Pereira A, Oliveira-Silva P, Meier D, Lourenço V, Tschacher W. When our hearts beat together: Cardiac synchrony as an entry point to understand dyadic co-regulation in couples. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13739. [PMID: 33355941 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The degree to which romantic partners' autonomic responses are coordinated, represented by their pattern of physiological synchrony, seems to capture important aspects of the reciprocal influence and co-regulation between spouses. In this study, we analyzed couple's cardiac synchrony as measured by heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). A sample of 27 couples (N = 54) performed a structured interaction task in the lab where they discussed positive and negative aspects of the relationship. During the interaction, their cardiac measures (HR and HRV) were recorded using the BIOPAC System. Additional assessment, prior to the lab interaction task, included self-report measures of empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples) and relationship satisfaction (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Synchrony computation was based on the windowed cross-correlation of both partner's HR and HRV time series. In order to control for random synchrony, surrogate controls were created using segment-wise shuffling. Our results confirmed the presence of cardiac synchrony during the couple's interaction when compared to surrogate testing. Specifically, we found evidence for negative (antiphase) synchrony of couple's HRV and positive (in-phase) synchrony of HR. Further, both HRV and HR synchronies were associated with several dimensions of self-report data. This study suggests that cardiac synchrony, particularly, the direction of the covariation in the partners' physiological time series, may have an important relational meaning in the context of marital interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Coutinho
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPSI, Psychology School, University of Minho University, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Pereira
- CIPSI, Psychology School, University of Minho University, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Oliveira-Silva
- Human Neurobehavioral Laboratory, CEDH-Research Centre for Human Development, Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Deborah Meier
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimiro Lourenço
- CIPSI, Psychology School, University of Minho University, Braga, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Tschacher
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Rajaei A, Jensen JF, Brimhall AS, Torres ET, Schwartz AJ. Dyadic Function of Couples with Cancer: A Review. JOURNAL OF COUPLE & RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15332691.2020.1841055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afarin Rajaei
- Human Development and Family Science, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jakob F. Jensen
- Human Development and Family Science, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew S. Brimhall
- Human Development and Family Science, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Essie T. Torres
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abby J. Schwartz
- School of Social Work, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Robinson MD, Penzel IB, Persich MR. What if your partner…? A situated decision-making approach to romantic competence in young adulthood. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Different slopes for different folks: Gender moderates the relationship between empathy and narcissism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sack DE, Frisby MB, Diemer MA, De Schacht C, Graves E, Kipp AM, Emílio A, Matino A, Barreto E, Van Rompaey S, Wallston KA, Audet CM. Interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:90. [PMID: 32859272 PMCID: PMC7456002 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to understand another's emotions and act appropriately, empathy, is an important mediator of relationship function and health intervention fidelity. We adapted the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) - an empathy scale - among seroconcordant expectant couples with HIV in the Homens para Saúde Mais (HoPS+) trial - a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing couple-based versus individual treatment on viral suppression - in Zambézia Province, Mozambique. METHODS Using baseline data from 1332 HoPS+ trial participants (666 couples), an exploratory factor analysis assessed culturally relevant questions from the IRI. Because empathy is interdependent among couples, we validated the results of the exploratory factor analysis using a dyadic confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with dyadic measurement invariance testing. Finally, we assessed the relationship between scores on our final scale and basic demographic characteristics (sex, age, education, and depression) using t-tests. RESULTS We found two subscales: 1) a seven-item cognitive empathy subscale (Cronbach's alpha 0.78) and 2) a six-item affective empathy subscale (Cronbach's alpha 0.73). The dyadic CFA found acceptable model fit and metric invariance across partners (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.914, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.904, Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.056, ΔCFI = 0.011). We observed higher cognitive (p: 0.012) and affective (p: 0.049) empathy among males and higher cognitive (p: 0.031) and affective (p: 0.030) empathy among younger participants. More educated participants had higher affective empathy (p: 0.017) and depressed participants had higher cognitive empathy (p: < 0.001). This two-subscale, 13-item version of the IRI measures cognitive and affective empathy in HoPS+ trial participants and adults while accounting for the interdependent nature of empathy within partner dyads. CONCLUSIONS This scale will allow us to assess the interplay between empathy and other psychometric constructs (stigma, social support, etc.) in the HoPS+ trial and how each relates to retention in HIV, adherence to treatment, and prevention of maternal to child HIV transmission. Furthermore, this scale can be adapted for other sub-Saharan African populations, which will allow researchers to better assess HIV-related intervention efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is within the context of the HoPS+ trial, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as number NCT03149237 . Registered May 11, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Sack
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, Suite 750, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Erin Graves
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, Suite 750, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Aaron M Kipp
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, Suite 750, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carolyn M Audet
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, Suite 750, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
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Guzmán-González M, Rivera-Ottenberger D, Brassard A, Spencer R, Lafontaine MF. Measuring adult romantic attachment: psychometric properties of the brief Spanish version of the experiences in close relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 33:9. [PMID: 32542456 PMCID: PMC7295914 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-020-00145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Experiences in Close Relationships (Brennan et al, Attachment theory and close relationships, 1998) questionnaire is one of the most widely used measures of adult romantic attachment. Despite the advantages of the ECR, the length of this measure may discourage its use in clinical and research contexts. Consequently, the goal of this study was to develop a brief Spanish version of the ECR questionnaire and to examine its psychometric properties when administered to six different Spanish-speaking samples from Chile. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-dimensional structure of the ECR and its invariance across gender. Results also supported the reliability and concurrent validity of our brief Spanish version of the ECR (i.e., Spanish ECR-12), by its association with measures of emotion regulation, dyadic empathy, psychological distress and well-being, and relationship satisfaction. The Spanish ECR-12 can be used by researchers and clinical professionals as an abridged measure of adult attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Guzmán-González
- School of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos, 0610, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Diana Rivera-Ottenberger
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Audrey Brassard
- Department of Psychology, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Rosario Spencer
- Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Marie-France Lafontaine
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, K1N6N5, Canada
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Assessing the validity of the Self versus other interest implicit association test. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234032. [PMID: 32479538 PMCID: PMC7263613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great variability in the ways that humans treat one another, ranging from extreme compassion (e.g., philanthropy, organ donation) to self-interested cruelty (e.g., theft, murder). What underlies and explains this variability? Past research has primarily examined human prosociality using explicit self-report scales, which are susceptible to self-presentation biases. However, these concerns can be alleviated with the use of implicit attitude tests that assess automatic associations. Here, we introduce and assess the validity of a new test of implicit prosociality-the Self versus Other Interest Implicit Association Test (SOI-IAT)-administered to two samples in pre-registered studies: regular blood donors (Study 1; N = 153) and a nationally representative sample of Americans (Study 2; N = 467). To assess validity, we investigated whether SOI-IAT scores were correlated with explicit measures of prosociality within each sample and compared SOI-IAT scores of the control sample (representative sample of Americans) with the prosocial sample (blood donors). While SOI-IAT scores were higher in the prosocial blood donor sample, SOI-IAT scores were generally uncorrelated with explicit measures and actual prosocial behaviour. Thus, the SOI-IAT may be able to detect group differences in everyday prosociality, but future testing is needed for a more robust validation of the SOI-IAT. These unexpected findings underscore the importance of sharing null and mixed results to fill gaps in the scientific record and highlight the challenges of conducting research on implicit processes.
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33
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Williams AL, Conway CC. Empathy does not amplify vicarious threat learning. Behav Res Ther 2020; 127:103577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kuczynski AM, Kanter JW, Robinaugh DJ. Differential associations between interpersonal variables and quality-of-life in a sample of college students. Qual Life Res 2019; 29:127-139. [PMID: 31535262 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Humans are fundamentally social beings, and the relationships we form with others are crucial for our well-being. Research across a variety of domains has established the association between a variety of interpersonal factors and health outcomes, including quality-of-life. However, there is a need for a more integrative, holistic analysis of these variables and how they relate to one another. METHODS Undergraduate students (n = 1456) from four universities across the United States completed self-report measures of their quality-of-life and a variety of interpersonal factors identified as important predictors across the literature. We examined zero-order correlations between these measures and quality-of-life, estimated a path model to look at unique variance accounted for by each, and finally used network analysis to examine the network of direct and indirect associations among these variables and quality-of-life. RESULTS Loneliness had the strongest association with quality-of-life across all analyses. When examining the unique association between quality-of-life and each interpersonal variable, six remained statistically significant: loneliness, social support, social connectedness, emotional intelligence, intimacy with one's romantic partner, and empathic concern. These results were supported by the network model, which found direct associations between quality-of-life and these six variables as well as indirect associations with all other interpersonal variables in the model. CONCLUSIONS Results from this research suggest that interpersonal factors in general, and loneliness in particular, are strongly associated with quality-of-life. Future research is needed to establish the direction of these effects and examine for whom these findings are generalizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Kuczynski
- University of Washington, 119a Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jonathan W Kanter
- University of Washington, 119a Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Donald J Robinaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Bowdoin Square, Room 656, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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35
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Coutinho J, Oliveira-Silva P, Fernandes E, Gonçalves OF, Correia D, Perrone Mc-Govern K, Tschacher W. Psychophysiological Synchrony During Verbal Interaction in Romantic Relationships. FAMILY PROCESS 2019; 58:716-733. [PMID: 29888517 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies about romantic relationships have shown that the reciprocal influence between partners occurs not only at the behavioral and socio-emotional levels, but also at the psychophysiological level. This reciprocal influence is expressed in a pattern of physiological synchrony between partners (i.e., coordinated dynamics of the physiological time series). The main aim of the present study was to explore the presence of a pattern of physiological synchrony in electrodermal activity (EDA) during a couple interaction task. A second objective was to compare the synchrony levels during a negative interaction condition versus a positive interaction condition. Finally, we analyzed the association between synchrony and self-perception of empathy, dyadic empathy, and relationship satisfaction. Thirty-two couples (64 individuals) participated in this study. Each couple performed a structured interaction task while the EDA of both partners was being registered. The quantification of synchrony was based on the cross-correlation of both members' EDA time-series. In order to control for coincidental synchrony, surrogate datasets were created by repeatedly shuffling the original data of spouses X and Y of a dyad and computing synchronies on the basis of the shuffled data (pseudosynchrony values). Our results confirmed the presence of significant EDA synchrony during the interaction. We also found that synchrony was higher during the negative interactions relative to the positive interactions. Additionally, physiological synchrony during positive interaction was higher for those couples in which males scored higher in dyadic empathy. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Coutinho
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Eugénia Fernandes
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Oscar F Gonçalves
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diogo Correia
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Wolfgang Tschacher
- Experimental Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland
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Merino-Soto C, López-Fernández V, Grimaldo-Muchotrigo M. Invarianza de Medición y Estructural de la Escala Básica de Empatía Breve (BES-B) en Niños y Adolescentes Peruanos. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v28n2.69478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la invarianza de medición y la invarianza estructural de una medida de empatía, para niños y adolescentes peruanos. Los participantes fueron 417, provenientes de Lima Metropolitana. Se aplicó la Escala Básica de Empatía Breve (BES-B) de manera estandarizada. El análisis consistió en aplicar el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales para evaluar la invarianza de medición y las medias latentes en los constructos de empatía afectiva y cognitiva. Los resultados muestran que la invarianza de medición se mantiene satisfactoriamente de acuerdo al género y la edad; las diferencias en las medias latentes muestran ser entre fuertes o moderadas respecto a la edad y el sexo. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas.
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Ramezani A, Ghamari M, Jafari A, Aghdam GF. The Effectiveness of a ToM Training Program in Promoting Empathy Between Married Couples. JOURNAL OF COUPLE & RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15332691.2019.1620145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Ramezani
- Department of Counseling, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghamari
- Department of Counseling, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
| | - Asghar Jafari
- Department of Psychology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Esménio S, Soares JM, Oliveira-Silva P, Gonçalves ÓF, Decety J, Coutinho J. Brain circuits involved in understanding our own and other's internal states in the context of romantic relationships. Soc Neurosci 2019; 14:729-738. [PMID: 30806571 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2019.1586758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions require the capacity to understand both our and other's internal states. These semi-independent skills, the ability to understand oneself and others, seem to rely on the same type of representations and recruit similar brain areas. In this study, we looked at the neural basis of self and other processing in the context of an interaction with a significant other. Fourty-two participants in a monogamous relationship completed an fMRI task in which they watched a set of video-vignettes of his/her romantic partner expressing emotional contents. Participants were asked to elaborate on his/her spouse´s experience (other condition) and on his/her own experience when watching the video-vignettes (self-condition). The results showed a significant overlap in the brain activation for both conditions (e.g. anterior insula, posterior cingulate/precuneus, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule). In addition, the self-condition recruited brain areas associated with interoceptive processing and affect sharing (e.g., posterior insula), whereas the other-condition engaged brain areas involved in the cognitive representation of another's internal states and self-other distinction (e.g., fusiform, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus and temporoparietal junction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Esménio
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology School, Minho University , Braga , Portugal
| | - José Miguel Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal, Clinical Academic Center , Braga , Portugal
| | - P Oliveira-Silva
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Catholic University of Portugal , Porto , Portugal
| | - Óscar F Gonçalves
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology School, Minho University , Braga , Portugal.,Spaulding Center for Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Joana Coutinho
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology School, Minho University , Braga , Portugal
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39
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Esménio S, Soares JM, Oliveira-Silva P, Zeidman P, Razi A, Gonçalves ÓF, Friston K, Coutinho J. Using resting-state DMN effective connectivity to characterize the neurofunctional architecture of empathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2603. [PMID: 30796260 PMCID: PMC6385316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies in social neuroscience have largely relied on functional connectivity (FC) methods to characterize the functional integration between different brain regions. However, these methods have limited utility in social-cognitive studies that aim to understand the directed information flow among brain areas that underlies complex psychological processes. In this study we combined functional and effective connectivity approaches to characterize the functional integration within the Default Mode Network (DMN) and its role in self-perceived empathy. Forty-two participants underwent a resting state fMRI scan and completed a questionnaire of dyadic empathy. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) showed that higher empathy scores were associated with an increased contribution of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the DMN spatial mode. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) combined with Canonical Variance Analysis (CVA) revealed that this association was mediated indirectly by the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) via the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL). More specifically, in participants with higher scores in empathy, the PCC had a greater effect on bilateral IPL and the right IPL had a greater influence on mPFC. These results highlight the importance of using analytic approaches that address directed and hierarchical connectivity within networks, when studying complex psychological phenomena, such as empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Esménio
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, Psychology School, Minho University, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
| | - José M Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar,, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - P Oliveira-Silva
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Zeidman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adeel Razi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Óscar F Gonçalves
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, Psychology School, Minho University, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- Applied Psychology Bouvé College of Health Sciences Northeastern University Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Karl Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joana Coutinho
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, Psychology School, Minho University, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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40
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Lafontaine MF, Guzmán-González M, Péloquin K, Levesque C. I Am Not in Your Shoes: Low Perspective Taking Mediating the Relation Among Attachment Insecurities and Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Chilean University Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2018; 33:3439-3458. [PMID: 26912486 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516632812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Guided by the attachment theory, this study tested the degree to which perspective taking mediates the effects of romantic attachment on the use of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) toward the partner. Participants consisted of 608 Chilean university students involved in a romantic relationship, among whom 44.2% of women and 34.7% of men reported inflicting at least one act of violence toward their partner during the previous year. Results from a structural equation model showed that the association between avoidance of intimacy and physical IPV is mediated by perspective taking for both men and women. However, perspective taking mediated the link between attachment anxiety and physical IPV in women only. Our findings underline the importance of the individual's sense of attachment security in relation to their ability to empathize with their partners, as well as prevent the perpetration of physical IPV against them.
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41
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Kimmes JG, Jaurequi ME, May RW, Srivastava S, Fincham FD. Mindfulness in the Context of Romantic Relationships: Initial Development and Validation of the Relationship Mindfulness Measure. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2018; 44:575-589. [PMID: 29073322 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trait mindfulness and mindfulness in the context of romantic relationships may not be completely overlapping constructs. This study adapted an existing measure of trait mindfulness to assess the tendency to be mindful in romantic relationships, the Relationship Mindfulness Measure (RMM). Using data from 185 young adults, the results supported the RMM's internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and predictive validity. The RMM accounted for a significant portion of variance in positive relationship quality, negative relationship quality, and anxious and avoidant attachment, even after controlling for trait mindfulness. Based on these findings, assessing relationship mindfulness may improve research exploring the role of mindfulness in romantic relations and therefore facilitate the development and refinement of mindfulness training programs for couples.
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42
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Burns W, Péloquin K, Rondeau É, Drouin S, Bertout L, Lacoste-Julien A, Krajinovic M, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Sultan S. Cancer-related effects on relationships, long-term psychological status and relationship satisfaction in couples whose child was treated for leukemia: A PETALE study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203435. [PMID: 30192798 PMCID: PMC6128557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Follow-up studies suggest that the psychosocial impact of pediatric cancer on parents often extends beyond the end of their child’s cancer treatments, and parents can continue to experience both individual and relationship effects. In a long-term study of parents of children who were treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we aimed to: 1) describe parents’ adjustment (psychological distress, relationship satisfaction; 2) describe the perceived impact of cancer on couples’ relationship, and; 3) identify to what extent the perceived impact of cancer on the couple is related to both parents’ long-term adjustment. Methods Parents of childhood ALL survivors (n = 103 couples) were surveyed as part of a cohort recall (PETALE cohort). Both parents completed questionnaires exploring adjustment (Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Dyadic Adjustment Scale) and perceived impact of cancer on the relationship (Impact of Cancer on the Couple). Mothers’ and fathers’ scores were compared using MANOVAs. We also examined the degree to which a parent’s perceived changes in relationship dynamics following their child’s cancer were associated with their own current adjustment (actor effects), and their partner’s current adjustment (partner effects) using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Results Frequencies of current distress were normative in parents (mothers/fathers): general distress (6.8/7.8%), anxiety (5.8/6.8%), depression (2.9/6.8%), somatization (13.6/9.7%), and relationship distress (21.4/20.4%). Mothers and fathers typically agreed on their reported relationship satisfaction, and the perceived nature of relationship changes following the illness. Dyadic analyses indicated that whereas mothers’ adjustment was related to their own perceived relationship changes, fathers’ adjustment was primarily related to their partner’s perceptions. Conclusion In long-term stable couples, mothers may act as an influential bridge connecting the illness experiences of survivors and fathers. This could explain why mothers’ perceptions of relationship changes were related to their partners’ long-term adjustment, which was not the case for fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willow Burns
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Péloquin
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Émélie Rondeau
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Drouin
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurence Bertout
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Maja Krajinovic
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Sultan
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Armenti NA, Babcock JC. Psychophysiological Reactivity Profiles of Partner-Violent Men With Borderline or Psychopathic Personality Features: The Role of Empathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:3337-3354. [PMID: 29117769 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17740029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Borderline and psychopathic features have been linked to unique psychophysiological reactivity profiles. Studies have suggested that levels of psychophysiological reactivity for partner-violent men cannot be attributed to personality features alone. This study tested cognitive and affective empathy as moderators of relations between borderline personality, Factor 1 psychopathy, and psychophysiological reactivity using a community sample of 135 male participants and their female partners. Cognitive empathy moderated the relation between borderline personality features and heart rate reactivity. Affective empathy moderated the relation between Factor 1 psychopathy features and heart rate reactivity. However, directions of these interactions were contrary to original predictions. Understanding unique empathy deficits may be beneficial for identifying ways to minimize relationship conflict, manage arousal, and decrease violence.
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44
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Feiring C, Simon VA, Markus J. Narratives About Specific Romantic Conflicts: Gender and Associations With Conflict Beliefs and Strategies. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Leuchtmann L, Horn AB, Randall AK, Kuhn R, Bodenmann G. A Process-Oriented Analysis of the Three-Phase Method: A Therapeutic Couple Intervention Strengthening Dyadic Coping. JOURNAL OF COUPLE & RELATIONSHIP THERAPY-INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15332691.2018.1462283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea B. Horn
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ashley K. Randall
- Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Rebekka Kuhn
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Foell J, Brislin SJ, Drislane LE, Dziobek I, Patrick CJ. Creation and Validation of an English-Language Version of the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET). JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Muise A, Kim JJ, Impett EA, Rosen NO. Understanding When a Partner Is Not in the Mood: Sexual Communal Strength in Couples Transitioning to Parenthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:1993-2006. [PMID: 28324220 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Situations in which one partner is interested in having sex but the other partner is not "in the mood" are common in relationships. We extend previous work on sexual communal strength-the motivation to be responsive to a partner's sexual needs-to demonstrate that in addition to the motivation to meet a partner's need to have sex, the motivation to be understanding about a partner's need not to engage in sex is uniquely associated with sexual and relationship satisfaction. In Study 1, we adapted a measure of sexual communal strength for having sex (SCSS) to create a new measure of sexual communal strength for not having sex (SCSN). We demonstrated that SCSN is distinct from SCSS and associated with more positive and less negative responses to an imagined situation of sexual rejection. In Study 2, both SCSS and SCSN were uniquely associated with greater sexual and relationship satisfaction in couples transitioning to parenthood-a time when many couples experience changes to their sexual relationship. Having a partner who is higher in SCSN is associated with greater sexual satisfaction and relationship quality for new mothers but not new fathers, suggesting that during the transition to parenthood, it might be more important for women to have a partner who is understanding about their need not to engage in sex. The results suggest that the motivation to be understanding about a partner's need not to engage in sex may be an additional way that partners can show communal care in their sexual relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Muise
- Department of Psychology, York University, Behavioural Science Building, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - James J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily A Impett
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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48
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Wertheim R, Goldzweig G, Mashiach-Eizenberg M, Pizem N, Shacham-Shmueli E, Hasson-Ohayon I. Correlates of concealment behavior among couples coping with cancer: Actor partner model. Psychooncology 2017; 27:583-589. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reut Wertheim
- Department of Psychology; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan Israel
| | - Gil Goldzweig
- The School of Behavioral Sciences; The Academic College of Tel-Aviv-Yaffo; Tel-Aviv-Yaffo Israel
| | - Michal Mashiach-Eizenberg
- Department of Health Systems Management; Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel; Emek Yezreel Israel
| | - Noam Pizem
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer; Ramat-Gan Israel
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Coutinho J, Oliveira-Silva P, Mesquita AR, Barbosa M, Perrone-McGovern KM, Gonçalves OF. Psychophysiological Reactivity in Couples During a Marital Interaction Task. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2017; 42:335-346. [PMID: 28866813 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-017-9380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to regulate our own physiological arousal when dealing with the emotional expression of our partner is crucial for satisfactory and stable intimate relationships. In previous physiological studies of marital interactions, researchers have found greater levels of psychophysiological arousal for members of the couple in conflictual interactions in comparison with positive interactions. Past researchers have established that intense and prolonged autonomic and neuroendocrine arousal during marital conflict can have negative consequences for mental and physical health. In this study we examined the physiological reactivity, as measured by skin conductance level, heart rate and cortisol levels, from both partners during a couple's interaction task consisting of a structured conversation about positive and negative aspects of their relationship. Participants were thirty-two heterosexual couples (N = 64) in a committed monogamous relationship with a minimum duration of one year. We found higher heart rate and cortisol levels during negative interaction condition when compared with the positive condition. Skin conductance was higher in the positive interaction condition, when compared with the negative interaction condition. In addition, we found a significant negative association between heart rate variability and autonomic arousal evoked by the interaction task. The implications of these findings for the effects of marital strain on health as well as for the design of risk-reducing interventions, namely biofeedback are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Coutinho
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - P Oliveira-Silva
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Human Neurobehavioral Laboratory (HNL), Centre for Studies in Human Development (CEDH), Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa (FEP-UCP), Porto, Portugal
| | - A R Mesquita
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Barbosa
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - K M Perrone-McGovern
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - O F Gonçalves
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Applied Psychology, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Spaulding Center of Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Rosen NO, Mooney K, Muise A. Dyadic Empathy Predicts Sexual and Relationship Well-Being in Couples Transitioning to Parenthood. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2017; 43:543-559. [PMID: 27400021 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2016.1208698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Becoming a new parent is typically a time of great joy, yet it is also marked by significant declines in sexual and relationship functioning. Dyadic empathy, a combination of perspective taking and empathic concern for one's romantic partner, may facilitate sexual and relationship quality for new parents. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between dyadic empathy and sexual satisfaction, relationship adjustment, and sexual desire in a sample of first-time parents. Couples (N = 255) with an infant aged three to 12 months completed an online survey assessing dyadic empathy, sexual satisfaction, relationship adjustment, and sexual desire. Data were analyzed using multilevel analyses guided by the actor-partner interdependence model. When new mothers and fathers reported greater dyadic empathy, both they and their partners reported higher sexual satisfaction and relationship adjustment. New mothers who reported higher dyadic empathy also had higher sexual desire, although when they had more empathic partners new mothers reported lower sexual desire. Results remained significant after controlling for potential challenges unique to the postpartum period (e.g., fatigue, breastfeeding), as well as relationship duration. Targeting dyadic empathy in interventions aimed at helping couples transition to parenthood may promote the maintenance of sexual and relationship well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie O Rosen
- a Psychology & Neuroscience , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
- b Obstetrics & Gynaecology , IWK Health Centre , Halifax , Canada
| | - Kayla Mooney
- a Psychology & Neuroscience , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Amy Muise
- a Psychology & Neuroscience , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
- b Obstetrics & Gynaecology , IWK Health Centre , Halifax , Canada
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