1
|
Oishi S, Choi H, Cha Y, Heintzelman S, Buttrick NR, Westgate EC. Differing worldviews: The politics of happiness, meaning, and psychological richness. J Pers 2025; 93:653-669. [PMID: 38965939 PMCID: PMC12053823 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Conservative ideology, broadly speaking, has been widely linked to greater happiness and meaning in life. Is that true of all forms of a good life? We examined whether a psychologically rich life is associated with political orientation, system justification, and Protestant work ethic, independent of two other traditional forms of a good life: a happy life and a meaningful life. METHOD Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed conservative worldviews and three aspects of well-being (N = 583 in Study 1; N = 348 in Study 2; N = 436 in Study 3; N = 1,217 in Study 4; N = 2,176 in Study 5; N = 516 in Study 6). RESULTS Happiness was associated with political conservatism and system justification, and meaning in life was associated with Protestant work ethic. In contrast, zero-order correlations showed that psychological richness was not associated with conservative worldviews. However, when happiness and meaning in life were included in multiple regression models, the nature of the association shifted: Psychological richness was consistently inversely associated with system justification and on average less political conservatism, suggesting that happiness and meaning in life were suppressor variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that happiness and meaning in life are associated with conservative ideology, whereas psychological richness is not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Oishi
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Hyewon Choi
- Department of SociologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginSouth Korea
| | - Youngjae Cha
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Erin C Westgate
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deemer R, Maffly-Kipp J, Espiritu K, Vess M. Beliefs About the World's Goodness, Extraversion, and the Experience of Authenticity. Psychol Rep 2025:332941251340325. [PMID: 40340687 DOI: 10.1177/00332941251340325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2025]
Abstract
Authenticity reflects the degree to which people feel like they are expressing who they truly are (i.e., their "true" self). It is a robust correlate of psychological health and well-being. In the current research, we examined how beliefs about the world relate to authenticity as a function of individual differences in extraversion. Across four studies (N = 1449 participants), we found consistent evidence that trait beliefs that the world is fundamentally good positively predict authenticity, especially for people relatively high in trait extraversion. These results suggest that construing the world as a positive, rewarding, and safe place may free people up to express their true selves, particularly for people who are typically more agentic, expressive, responsive to rewards, and sensitive to positive affect (i.e., those high in extraversion). We situate these findings in emerging perspectives on authenticity and discuss, for the first time, how people's subjective construal of their environments might be pivotal for their experience of being who they truly are.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronin Deemer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Maffly-Kipp
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kylie Espiritu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Vess
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Luchetti M, Brown J, Kekäläinen T, Hajek A, Canada B, Kuss S, Terracciano A. Purpose in life and lung function: an individual-participant meta-analysis of six cohort studies. Respir Res 2025; 26:171. [PMID: 40317071 PMCID: PMC12049041 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-025-03247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/20/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purpose in life is a psychological resource associated with better health outcomes across adulthood. It is unknown whether it is related to lung function, a key marker of health and longevity. We evaluate the replicability and generalizability of the cross-sectional association between purpose in life and lung function and whether purpose in life is associated with lower risk of developing poor lung function over time. METHODS Participants were from six cohort studies with public data: Health and Retirement Study, Midlife in the United States study, Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, National Health and Aging Trends Study, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (total N = 85,190). Participants reported on their purpose in life, and staff measured their peak expiratory flow with either a peak flow meter or a spirometer. Four cohorts (N = 11,595) had longitudinal assessments of lung function over up to 12 years. Linear regression was used to test the cross-sectional association between purpose and continuous lung function. Cox regression was used to test the association between purpose and risk of developing predicted lung function < 80% over time, a dichotomous outcome that categorized lung function into performance less than 80% of predicted function (= 1) and at least 80% of predicted function (= 0). RESULTS In each cohort and aggregated in a random-effects meta-analysis, higher purpose in life was associated with better peak expiratory flow (meta-analytic effect = 0.07, p <.001). The association was generally similar across sociodemographic groups (e.g., age, sex). Every standard deviation higher purpose in life was associated with a 10% reduced risk of developing poor lung function over time (meta-analytic hazard ratio = 0.91, 95% confidence interval = 0.88, 0.94, p <.001). These associations were attenuated but remained significant accounting for behavioral and clinical risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Purpose in life is associated with healthier lung function, with evidence of replicability and generalizability, and with lower risk of developing poor lung function over time. Lung function may be one mechanism between purpose in life and healthier outcomes in older adulthood. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | | | - Martina Luchetti
- Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Justin Brown
- Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | | | - André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sébastien Kuss
- L-VIS, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Health Research and Innovation Department, Clariane, France
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lind M, R Cowan H, Adler JM, McAdams DP. Development and Validation of the Narrative Identity Self-Evaluation Scale (NISE). J Pers Assess 2025; 107:292-305. [PMID: 39546387 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2425663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
In narrative identity research, variables are typically captured through detailed content-coding of personal narratives. Yet, alternative methods have been suggested, notably self-report scales, because they capture a participant's own interpretation of their personal narratives, and because they are efficient to administer as a supplement to more labor-intensive coding methods. This study developed and validated the Narrative Identity Self-Evaluation (NISE) questionnaire. In Study 1, the questionnaire was developed through exploratory factor analysis (n = 425) and its criterion validity examined. In Study 2, the NISE factor structure and criterion relationships were confirmed (n = 304). In Study 3 (based on the same sample as Study 1), content-coding of 11 narrative identity characteristics in open-ended personal story accounts was conducted, and NISE scores were compared to corresponding content-coded variables. The 20-item NISE has three factors replicating common dimensions in narrative identity (autobiographical reasoning, desire for structure, positive motivational/affective themes) and a novel fourth factor capturing disturbances of narrative identity. The NISE correlated in theoretically-coherent ways with content coded narrative identity variables, self-report traits, and measures relevant for narrative identity, self-concept, well-being, and psychopathology. We discuss the scale's advantages in complementing content-coding of narrative accounts to assess variation in narrative identity within both clinical and non-clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majse Lind
- Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University
| | - Henry R Cowan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang F, King RB. Developing the Short Form of the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES-SF). J Pers Assess 2025; 107:330-345. [PMID: 39540658 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2416416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Given the critical role of socio-emotional skills in students' academic success, psychological well-being, and other critical life outcomes, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) developed the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) to measure these skills among school-age students. However, the broad conceptual scope of socio-emotional skills necessitated the use of a large number of items (i.e., 120 items) in the original SSES, which poses challenges regarding survey administration and participant fatigue. To address these issues, this study aimed to develop a short form of the SSES (i.e., SSES-SF). The sample included 29,798 15-year-old students across 10 regions. We developed a 45-item version of SSES-SF using the machine learning approach of genetic algorithm, which is 62.5% shorter than the original 120-item SSES. The reliability, construct validity, reproduced information, concurrent validity, and measurement invariance of the SSES-SF were investigated. We found that the SSES-SF demonstrated satisfactory reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity. Furthermore, the SSES-SF was able to reproduce a substantial amount of information from the original full-form SSES and exhibited measurement invariance across genders, regions, and language groups. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faming Wang
- College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronnel B King
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Graña DF, S Kreitchmann R, Abad FJ, Sorrel MA. Equally vs. unequally keyed blocks in forced-choice questionnaires: Implications on validity and reliability. J Pers Assess 2025; 107:392-405. [PMID: 39526652 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2420869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Forced-choice (FC) questionnaires have gained scientific interest over the last decades. However, the inclusion of unequally keyed item pairs in FC questionnaires remains a subject of debate, as there is evidence supporting both their usage and avoidance. Designing unequally keyed pairs may be more difficult when considering social desirability, as they might allow the identification of ideal responses. Nevertheless, they may enhance the reliability and the potential for normative interpretation of scores. To empirically investigate this topic, data were collected from 1,125 undergraduate Psychology students who completed a personality item pool measuring the Big Five personality traits in Likert-type format and two FC questionnaires (with and without unequally keyed pairs). These questionnaires were compared in terms of reliability, convergent and criterion validity, and ipsativity of the scores, along with insights on the construction process. While constructing questionnaires with unequally keyed blocks presented challenges in matching items on their social desirability, the differences observed in terms of reliability, validity, or ipsativity were sporadic and lacked systematic patterns. This suggests that neither questionnaire format exhibited a clear superiority. Given these results, it is recommended using only equally keyed blocks to minimize potential validity issues associated with response biases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Graña
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo S Kreitchmann
- Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
- IMIENS: Joint Research Institute, UNED-Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Abad
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sorrel
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amendola S, Bernath J, Presaghi F, Waller G, Hengartner MP. Bidirectional relationship between gaming disorder, internalizing psychopathology, psychological distress, and well-being: A systematic review with meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Affect Disord 2025; 383:480-493. [PMID: 40288452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
There is a lack of a synthesis of longitudinal studies that clarify the relationship between gaming disorder (GD) symptoms and mental health. To address this gap, we undertook a systematic review with meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. The study protocol was preregistered online on PROSPERO (CRD42023407665). We included studies analyzing the association between GD or problematic/pathological videogame use, and internalizing psychopathology (depression and anxiety), psychological distress (loneliness and stress), and well-being (life satisfaction, quality of life, and well-being). Research articles were searched in PsycInfo, PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science up until December 29, 2022.30 articles were considered for meta-analysis (N = 28,782). Effect sizes (partial correlation) were pooled using random-effects models. Sensitivity analyses excluded studies rated as "poor" - using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort studies - and Chinese studies. The associations between GD and subsequent depression, emotional mixed symptoms (i.e., a combination of internalizing symptoms) and life satisfaction were statistically significant. GD was not associated with subsequent anxiety. On the other hand, depression, anxiety, emotional mixed symptoms, life satisfaction and loneliness were significantly associated with subsequent GD. Overall, sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the main results. In conclusion, this study found reciprocal longitudinal associations between GD and depression, life satisfaction, and emotional mixed symptoms, an effect of anxiety on GD (but not the inverse), and of loneliness on GD. However, the causal nature and practical relevance remain uncertain because effect sizes were small - or medium, depending on effect size guidelines - and based on observational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jael Bernath
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Presaghi
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Social Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gregor Waller
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Hengartner
- Department of Applied Psychology, Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Norget J, Weiss A, Mayer A. Estimating Latent State-Trait Models for Experience-Sampling Data in R with the lsttheory Package: A Tutorial. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2025:1-21. [PMID: 40277228 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2025.2454904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
As the popularity of the experience-sampling methodology rises, there is a growing need for suitable analytical procedures. These studies often aim to separate fleeting situation-specific influences from more enduring ones. Latent state-trait (LST) models can make this differentiation. This tutorial discusses multiple-indicator wide-format LST models suitable for experience-sampling data. We outline second-order and first-order model specifications, their advantages and disadvantages, and make the assumptions of first-order specifications explicit. These LST models are very flexible, allowing for various different models and for testing invariance assumptions. However, their specification is tedious and error-prone. This tutorial introduces a new user-friendly browser app and R-function for experience sampling models in the R-package lsttheory. Extending on existing models, the software also allows to add covariates, which can further explain the stable components. Throughout the tutorial, we answer exemplary research questions about well-being in everyday life with data from a five-day experience-sampling study. An autoregressive model with indicator-specific traits was most appropriate for the data and revealed relatively high consistency, implying that well-being depends more strongly on the person than the current situation. Of the Big Five, extraversion, emotional stability and agreeableness are predictive of trait well-being. We conclude with recommendations about model fit and comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa Weiss
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University
| | - Axel Mayer
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oishi S, Westgate EC. Psychological richness offers a third path to a good life. Trends Cogn Sci 2025:S1364-6613(25)00081-6. [PMID: 40280834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2025.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Psychologists have long debated the relative benefits of a happy life versus a meaningful life, assuming these to be only two major dimensions of a good life. Here, we propose an alternative: a psychologically rich life, or a life filled with diverse, interesting experiences. Psychologically rich lives not only feel different from meaningful or happy lives, but also have different correlates. Unlike happiness and meaning in life, openness to experience is the strongest personality predictor of a psychologically rich life. While happy and meaningful lives are associated with conservative worldviews, psychologically rich lives are not. Instead, such lives are characterized by attributional complexity, holism, and unusual perspective-changing experiences. This psychologically rich life, we suggest, offers a third path to the good life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Oishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Erin C Westgate
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liao Y, Xiao S, Zheng X, Li X, Xue B, Yang L, Zhang M, Li Q, Wu Y, Zhang C. Could social support mediate the relationship between personality trait patterns and mental health in Chinese older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted in 2022. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:1479. [PMID: 40264074 PMCID: PMC12013034 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-22449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the personality trait patterns of older adults, investigate the influence of personality traits on their mental health, and explore the mediating role of social support in the relationship among personality trait patterns, personality traits and mental health. METHODS This study utilized a cross-sectional design, with 4,197 participants from the psychology and behavior investigation of Chinese residents in 2022 (PBICR2022). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify distinct personality profiles, and multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were performed to examine the relationships among personality trait patterns, personality traits, social support, and mental health. RESULTS The LPA identified four distinct personality profiles among older adults. Multiple linear regression revealed that Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness were positively associated with better mental health, whereas Neuroticism was negatively associated with mental health. Social support was found to partially mediate the effects of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Agreeable-Conscientious Personality and Extraverted-Low Neuroticism Personality on mental health and to fully mediate the effect of Openness and Extraverted-Conscientious Personality. LIMITATIONS The study's cross-sectional design limits the ability to draw causal inferences about the relationships among personality traits, social support, and mental health. Additionally, the reliance on self-reported measures may introduce bias. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that personality traits and social support are crucial determinants of mental health in older adults. Social support plays a significant mediating role, suggesting that interventions aimed at enhancing social networks could be particularly effective in improving mental health for older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Liao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujuan Xiao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinru Li
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Benli Xue
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- School of Medical Humanities, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Quintero R, Aperribai L, Aguirre T, Rodríguez-Naveiras E, Borges Á. The Relationship Between Intelligence and Personality Traits Differentiated by Gender in Spanish Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 12:501. [PMID: 40310154 PMCID: PMC12025791 DOI: 10.3390/children12040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Intelligence and personality are the most researched constructs in the scientific literature in the field of psychology. Also, the relationship between them has been studied, with controversial results. The present study examines the relationship between intelligence and personality, considering, on the one hand, the influence of gender and, on the other, the predictive capacity of intelligence for personality traits. METHODS The sample consisted of 1166 participants between 11 and 16 years old from the Canary Islands. The Big Five Personality Questionnaire for Children, Adolescents and Adults (MASK-5) and the Adaptive Test of General Intelligence (Matrices-TAI) were used. For the analysis, a quantitative approach with an ex post facto, cross-sectional design was used. The analysis was carried out with SPSS v.26 and Jamovi v.2.3.21. RESULTS The findings revealed non-significant gender differences in intelligence and personality. The regression model between the two constructs was only significant for the dimension consciousness (F(1,1164) = 3.906, p = 0.048; ɳp2 = 0.003) and its facet perseverance (F(1,1164) = 5.953, p = 0.015; ɳp2 = 0.005), but the effect size was small in both cases. When considering girls and boys separately, the model was not significant for boys, whereas for girls, the dimension consciousness (F(1,595) = 6.148, p = 0.013; ɳp2 = 0.010) and its facet achievement (F(1,595) = 8.227, p = 0.004; ɳp2 = 0.014), as well as the facet humility (agreeableness) (F(1,595) = 6.472, p = 0.011; ɳp2 = 0.011), were significant, but again, with small effect sizes. Nevertheless, low observed power results for the whole sample and the boys sample suggest the need to increase the sample size. CONCLUSIONS These findings are discussed, and future lines of research in this field of study are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Quintero
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.Q.); (T.A.); (E.R.-N.); (Á.B.)
| | - Leire Aperribai
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Triana Aguirre
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.Q.); (T.A.); (E.R.-N.); (Á.B.)
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Naveiras
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.Q.); (T.A.); (E.R.-N.); (Á.B.)
| | - África Borges
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.Q.); (T.A.); (E.R.-N.); (Á.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lampropoulou A. Subjective well-being and parenting in adolescence: Do peers matter when things are not so good? J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2025:1-18. [PMID: 40197118 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2025.2465275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2025]
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the association between adolescents' subjective well-being and parenting, as well as the moderating role of peer relationships between the negative aspects of parenting and subjective well-being.Method: Adolescents (n = 331) attending Junior High School and High School (aged 12-18 years) in the broader area of Attica, Greece, participated in the study. Participants completed the Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being/Youth Form, the 40-item Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran Child Version (EMBU-C) questionnaire (for ages 7-16 years), and the Friendship Quality Scale.Results: There was a positive association between parental emotional warmth and adolescents' satisfaction, as well as between parental rejection and adolescents' ill-being. Furthermore, closeness to friends moderated the association between adolescents' ill-being and rejection by mothers and fathers. Girls and older adolescents had higher scores in the negative factors of subjective well-being, while girls scored higher in all friendship factors. Finally, based on adolescents' perceptions, mothers had significantly higher scores than fathers in all parenting variables.Conclusions: Findings highlight the significance of the implementation of tailored interventions in schools and families for promoting adolescents' well-being.
Collapse
|
13
|
Landa-Blanco M, Espinoza-Rivera N, Caballero-Juárez I, Mejía-Sánchez R. Exploring the Relationship Between Flourishing and the Light Triad of Personality in Honduran Adults. Behav Sci (Basel) 2025; 15:456. [PMID: 40282078 PMCID: PMC12024048 DOI: 10.3390/bs15040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/31/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Flourishing refers to a state of optimal well-being and life satisfaction, while the Light Triad traits-Kantianism, Humanism, and Faith in Humanity-represent a prosocial and benevolent approach to interpersonal relationships. This study explores the relationship between these traits and Flourishing among adults in the Honduras Central District. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional methodology with a relational scope was used in a sample of 715 Honduran adults. Results indicate that Kantianism, Humanism, and Faith in Humanity significantly and positively explain the participants' levels of Flourishing. Men and women reported similar levels of Flourishing, Faith in Humanity, and Kantianism. However, women scored significantly higher in Humanism. This study highlights the role of the Light Triad traits in predicting Flourishing, emphasizing the need for educational and policy initiatives that foster traits like Kantianism, Humanism, and Faith in Humanity for personal and societal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Landa-Blanco
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (N.E.-R.); (I.C.-J.); (R.M.-S.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeng XQ, Yan HL, Qian YQ, Li YQ, Yang J, Gong YL, Liu Y, Chen LJ, Wu J, Chu J. Flourishing and its influencing factors among maintenance hemodialysis patients in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2025; 16:1480308. [PMID: 40242180 PMCID: PMC12000829 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1480308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients face substantial psychological challenges that impacting their overall quality of life. Flourishing, a concept within positive psychology, refers to a state of mental well-being and personal growth. Despite its importance, the factors influencing flourishing in MHD patients remain underexplored. Aim This cross-sectional study aimed to assess flourishing levels among MHD patients in Shanghai, China, and identify sociodemographic, disease-related, and psychological factors associated with flourishing, with implications for targeted interventions. Method From October to November 2022, 376 MHD patients across four hospitals completed validated scales measuring flourishing (PERMA Profiler), personality traits (TIPI-C), regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RES), perceived social support (PSSS), and quality of life (EQ-5D). Statistical analyses, including regression analysis, were used to identify factors associated with flourishing. Results The mean flourishing score was 6.28 ± 1.763, indicating moderate levels compared to general populations. Full-time employment (β = 0.749, p = 0.033), retirement (β = 0.675, p = 0.043), social support from friends/others (β = 0.039, p < 0.001), conscientiousness (β = 0.133, p < 0.001), and better quality of life (β = 1.281, p = 0.001) emerged as significant positive predictors. Conversely, longer dialysis duration (ρ = -0.135, p = 0.009) and higher perceived disease impact (β = -0.084, p = 0.268) were negatively associated with flourishing. Conclusions The findings highlight the complex interplay between sociodemographic, disease-related, and psychological factors in influencing the flourishing of MHD patients. The level of flourishing in MHD patients' needs to be improved. Developing targeted interventions based on these relevant factors improves quality of life and thus contributes significantly to the well-being of MHD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qing Zeng
- Faculty of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li Yan
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Qin Qian
- Faculty of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Qi Li
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Faculty of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lin Gong
- Faculty of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Faculty of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jing Chen
- Faculty of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Faculty of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chu
- Faculty of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sneed L, Taylor R, Cook I, Befi M, Fitchett B, Samelson D, Bemmel V. Initial Psychometric Properties of the Catalight Family Wellbeing Scale. J Autism Dev Disord 2025; 55:1067-1077. [PMID: 38300503 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wellbeing refers to a person's overall happiness and satisfaction with life. Wellbeing for people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (I/DD) and their families is historically significantly lower compared to the general population. It is important in the context of behavioral health treatment to not only measure the individual who is receiving treatment's overall wellbeing, but also the wellbeing of the family. The purpose of this study was to understand the initial psychometric properties of the Catalight Family Wellbeing Scale. METHODS The Catalight Family Wellbeing Scale was developed for families who have a child with I/DD. Caregivers of 3106 families who have a child with a diagnosed I/DD, including autism spectrum disorder, completed the scale as part of their onboarding for behavioral health treatment along with three other questionnaires. The psychometric properties including internal reliability and factor structure were completed as well as initial convergent and divergent validity. RESULTS Results of the analyses revealed very strong internal reliability and a three-factor structure. Validity analyses revealed a moderate positive relationship with parental self-efficacy and a moderate negative relationship with parental stress. Additionally, the sample population represents an ethnically diverse group with multiple co-occurring diagnosis in addition to I/DD. CONCLUSIONS The initial psychometric properties of the Catalight Family Wellbeing Scale are positive and support the use of the scale for families who have a child with I/DD across a diverse sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Sneed
- Catalight Research Institute, 2730 Shadelands Dr. Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, US.
| | - Ryan Taylor
- Catalight Research Institute, 2730 Shadelands Dr. Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, US
| | - Ian Cook
- Catalight Research Institute, 2730 Shadelands Dr. Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, US
| | - Michelle Befi
- Catalight Research Institute, 2730 Shadelands Dr. Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, US
| | - Brianna Fitchett
- Catalight Research Institute, 2730 Shadelands Dr. Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, US
| | - Doreen Samelson
- Catalight Research Institute, 2730 Shadelands Dr. Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, US
| | - Vincent Bemmel
- Catalight Research Institute, 2730 Shadelands Dr. Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, US
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zukerman G, Antonovsky A, Shapiro E, Korn L. Sense of coherence and its components under COVID-19: relative associations with personality and psychosocial variables. Glob Health Promot 2025; 32:107-115. [PMID: 38822633 PMCID: PMC11992637 DOI: 10.1177/17579759241248168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Sense of Coherence (SOC) is conceptualized as promoting resistance to stress. The study aimed to assess the impact of the Big Five personality traits and Social Capital (SC) on SOC levels during COVID-19, comparing associations with the pre-pandemic period. Another aim was to explore how personality and SC relate differently to SOC domains: Comprehensibility, Manageability, and Meaningfulness, reflecting perceptions of order, resource adequacy, and life's significance, respectively. SOC, Big Five personality traits, SC (using by the 13 items SOC scale, NEO-FFI and PSCS inventories, respectively) and demographic data were obtained from 2717 Israeli participants during the heights of the third COVID-19 wave (November 2020-March 2021). Strong relationships between SOC and personality traits have been found through regression analysis, but these associations differed between SOC domains. Big Five traits demonstrated comparable association with Comprehensibly and Manageability, but different from those with Meaningfulness, particularly in Neuroticism, Openness and Extraversion. Significant SC-SOC associations were observed, though weaker than those reported in the pre-pandemic period. Age and female sex were also associated with stronger SOC. Overall, effect sizes for SOC domains were medium to large for Big Five personality traits and small to medium for demographic variables. SC demonstrated a negligible effect size. Significant interactions of demographic, SC and personality traits were also observed. The study highlights SOC's strong links with personality and demographics, but weaker ties with psychosocial factors. Variations across SOC domains may explain diverse crisis effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Zukerman
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Avishai Antonovsky
- Department of Health and Well-Being, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ephraim Shapiro
- Department of Health Management Systems, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Liat Korn
- Department of Health Management Systems, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiao J, Liu L, Peng Y, Lyu X, Xing C, Tao Y, Zhu S, Mai A, Liang L, Hu H, Fan Y, Peng W, Xie H, Ren J, Luo W. What is behind the high turnover intention among hospital nurses during the full liberalization of COVID-19 and the postpandemic era in China: a 2-wave multicentre cross-sectional comparison study. BMC Nurs 2025; 24:211. [PMID: 40001113 PMCID: PMC11863468 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-025-02851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to the nursing profession, exacerbating occupational stress, attrition rates, and staffing shortages. Although prior studies have examined factors influencing nursing turnover intention, no research has compared turnover intention among Chinese hospital nurses during the full liberalization of COVID-19 and the postpandemic era. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of turnover intention during these two critical periods. METHOD A 2-wave multicentre cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 25 hospitals in Guangdong, China. Data were collected during the full liberalization of COVID-19 (T1: 27 December 2022 to 7 January 2023, N = 1,766) and the postpandemic era (T2: 11 May to 23 May 2023, N = 2,643). A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic and work-related factors, such as perceived stress (10-item Perceived Stress Scale), depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire), anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), intolerance of uncertainty (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale), life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale), and turnover intention (Turnover Intention Scale). Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, binary and multiple logistic regression, and hierarchical regression, were performed using SPSS 26.0. RESULTS The prevalence rates of turnover intention were 73.33% and 72.34% at T1 and T2, respectively. Dissatisfaction with nursing work (aOR: 2.393-8.659, Ps < 0.001), lack of interest in nursing (aOR: 2.713-3.077, Ps < 0.001) and depression (aOR: 1.437-2.113, Ps < 0.05) were associated with an increased risk of turnover intention. In addition, life satisfaction (aOR: 0.282-0.687, Ps < 0.05) was associated with a reduced risk of turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS Turnover intention among hospital nurses remained alarmingly high during both the full liberalization of COVID-19 and the postpandemic era. Dissatisfaction with work, lack of interest in nursing, and depression were significant risk factors, whereas life satisfaction served as a protective factor. Early identification of turnover intention and targeted interventions are essential to address these challenges and improve nurse retention during and after public health crises. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julan Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of physical education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Yueming Peng
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Lyu
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen People's Hospital Longhua Branch (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfeng Xing
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Guangming Distract People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Tao
- Department of Nursing, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Shening Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Maternity &Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, Guangdong, China
| | - Aihuan Mai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijun Liang
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongying Hu
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Weisi Peng
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Haishan Xie
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Thyroid surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixiang Luo
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meng H, He S, Guo J, Wang H, Tang X. Applying machine learning to understand the role of social-emotional skills on subjective well-being and physical health. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2025; 17:e12624. [PMID: 39523935 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Social-emotional skills are vital for individual development, yet research on which skills most effectively promote students' mental and physical health, particularly from a global perspective, remains limited. This study aims to address this gap by identifying the most important social-emotional skills using global data and machine learning approaches. Data from 61,585 students across nine countries, drawn from the OECD Social-Emotional Skills Survey, were analyzed (NChina = 7246, NFinland = 5482, NColombia = 13,528, NCanada = 7246, NRussia =6434, NTurkey = 5482, NSouth Korea = 7246, NPortugal=6434, and NUSA=6434). Six machine learning techniques-including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, AdaBoost, LightGBM, Artificial Neural Networks, and Support Vector Machines-were employed to identify critical social-emotional skills. The results indicated that the Random Forest algorithm performed best in the prediction models. After controlling for demographic variables, optimism, energy, and stress resistance were identified as the top three social-emotional skills contributing to both subjective well-being and physical health. Additionally, sociability and trust were found to be the fourth most important skills for well-being and physical health, respectively. These findings have significant implications for designing tailored interventions and training programs that enhance students' social-emotional skills and overall health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Meng
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu He
- School of Materials and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiesi Guo
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Huiru Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Tang
- School of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma Y, Skipper JI. Individual differences in wellbeing are supported by separable sets of co-active self- and visual-attention-related brain networks. Sci Rep 2025; 15:5524. [PMID: 39952989 PMCID: PMC11828889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-86762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025] Open
Abstract
How does the brain support 'wellbeing'? Because it is a multidimensional construct, it is likely the product of multiple co-active brain networks that vary across individuals. This is perhaps why prior neuroimaging studies have found inconsistent anatomical associations with wellbeing. Furthermore, these used 'laboratory-style' or 'resting-state' methods not amenable to finding manifold networks. To address these issues, we had participants watch a full-length romantic comedy-drama film during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesised that individual differences in wellbeing measured before scanning would be correlated with individual differences in brain networks associated with 'embodied' and 'narrative' self-related processing. Indeed, searchlight spatial inter-participant representational similarity and subsequent analyses revealed seven sets of co-activated networks associated with individual differences in wellbeing. Two were 'embodied self' related, including brain regions associated with autonomic and affective processing. Three sets were 'narrative self' related, involving speech, language, and autobiographical memory-related regions. Finally, two sets of visual-attention-related networks emerged. These results suggest that the neurobiology of wellbeing in the real world is supported by diverse but functionally definable and separable sets of networks. This has implications for psychotherapy where individualised interventions might target, e.g., neuroplasticity in language-related narrative over embodied self or visual-attentional related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
- Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mungall LR, Pruysers S, Blais J. Online and Unkind: Examining the Personality Correlates of Online Political Incivility. SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW 2025; 43:3-26. [PMID: 39872800 PMCID: PMC11762363 DOI: 10.1177/08944393241249725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Many forms of online political incivility threaten democratic norms, contribute to polarization, and are often directed at women and racial minorities. Recent research shows that online political incivility may come from a minority of users that are just as hostile offline as they are online, meaning that individual differences in personality traits may be an important predictor of online political incivility. Drawing upon a large sample of adults living in Canada (N = 1725), we examined the association between personality traits and online political incivility using robust measures of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and the general traits of the HEXACO. While controlling for a variety of sociodemographic and political variables, we found that people who score higher in honesty-humility, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, as well as the planfulness facet of Machiavellianism, are less likely to report engagement in online political incivility. People who score higher in extraversion, several facets of psychopathy, grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, and antagonistic Machiavellianism, by contrast, are more likely to report engagement in online political incivility. In general, the personality traits that predict offline aggression and antisocial behaviour tend to be the same traits that predict self-reports of vulgarity, stereotyping, and threats in online political discussions. Interventions to reduce online incivility may benefit from considering the dispositional tendencies of uncivil users.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rzeszutek M, Czerwonka M, Stasiak A, Drabarek K, Van Hoy A, Pięta-Lendzion M, Gruszczyńska E. Stability of subjective well-being during the economic crisis: A four-wave latent transition analysis in a national sample of Poles. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2025; 17:e12595. [PMID: 39370750 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine profiles of subjective well-being (SWB) and their stability during the economic hardships associated with the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Selected sociodemographic, personality, and context-related variables were tested as covariates. Data were collected from 1755 participants (mean age 45.75 ± 15.99 years) in a nationwide panel over four waves (from November 2022 to June 2023; 34.3% dropout rate). SWB was measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, while personality traits were assessed with the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Latent profile and transition analyses identified four SWB profiles (ambivalent, average, low, high) that remained stable over 8 months despite a significant drop in the inflation rate. Subjectively evaluated financial situation and the perceived impact of inflation on the household were significant covariates of profile membership, even after controlling for personality traits. The results of this study support the set-point theory of SWB and suggest that SWB is stable under socially shared circumstances of economic hardships, which may be attributed to both individual-level and country-level processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Rzeszutek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, Warsaw, 00-183, Poland
| | - Monika Czerwonka
- Warsaw School of Economics, Institute of Finance, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Stasiak
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, Warsaw, 00-183, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drabarek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, Warsaw, 00-183, Poland
| | - Angelika Van Hoy
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, Warsaw, 00-183, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huo M, Ning B. Mapping the maze: A network analysis of social-emotional skills among children and adolescents with social-emotional difficulties. Br J Psychol 2025; 116:233-249. [PMID: 39655765 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Developing social-emotional skills is crucial for all children and adolescents, particularly those experiencing social and emotional difficulties. This study used network analysis to identify the central skills and network association of different social-emotional skills and investigated how these networks differ between childhood and adolescence. Data were obtained from the 2019 Survey on Social and Emotional Skills by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Our study focused on the bottom quartile of participants aged 10 and 15 years, including 7737 and 7439 individuals from each age group. Optimism and cooperation consistently emerged as the central skills of social-emotional competence across both age groups. When comparing network structures, there was a significant difference between children and adolescents. The connectivity of social-emotional networks was stronger among adolescents, indicating closer skill associations. Understanding these developmental differences is important for educators and practitioners to more effectively support the social-emotional development of children and adolescents experiencing social-emotional difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huo
- China Institute of Rural Educational Development, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Ning
- Research Institute for International and Comparative Education & Lab for Educational Big Data and Policy Making, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen L, Lin W, Zhao S, Chi P. Shift-and-Persist Strategies and Psychological Well-Being: Where Adolescents Stand on Social Ladder Matters. J Adolesc 2025. [PMID: 39865502 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shift-and-persist coping strategies have been demonstrated to be beneficial for physical health of individuals in low socioeconomic status (SES); however, their impacts on psychological well-being remain less clear. This study aimed to examine: (1) whether the protective effects of shift-and-persist with respect to psychological well-being (i.e., depressive symptoms and subjective well-being) only exist among adolescents with lower (vs. higher) subjective SES, and (2) what drives the potential benefits, shifting strategy or persisting strategy, or both of them? METHODS This study recruited 686 middle school students (54.5% male; Mage = 12.57 years, SD = 0.65) from Guangdong Province, China, in January 2019, and they completed measures of subjective SES (i.e., perceived family social status), shift-and-persist strategies, depressive symptoms, subjective well-being, and demographic information. RESULTS Adolescents who engaged in more shift-and-persist strategies reported fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of subjective well-being, with stronger effects among those lower (vs. higher) in subjective SES. When further exploring what drove these effects, results showed that persisting strategy was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of subjective well-being, with more pronounced effects for adolescents with lower (vs. higher) subjective SES. The shifting strategy was associated with fewer depressive symptoms only among those with lower subjective SES, while associated with higher levels of subjective well-being regardless of subjective SES levels. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the applicability of the shift-and-persist model to both positive and negative indicators of psychological well-being and enrich the theory by providing preliminary evidence for the domain-specific roles of shifting strategy in buffering the negative psychological effects of low-SES contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Higher Education Research Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Weijie Lin
- Higher Education Research Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stone A, DeGroot M, McVarnock A, Cheng T, Bowker JC, Coplan RJ. The Risks of Being a Wallflower: Exploring Links Between Introversion, Aspects of Solitude, and Indices of Well-Being in Adolescence. Behav Sci (Basel) 2025; 15:108. [PMID: 40001739 PMCID: PMC11851624 DOI: 10.3390/bs15020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the unique relations between introversion and indices of well-being while accounting for aspects of solitude (i.e., time spent alone, shyness, affinity for solitude, and negative thinking while alone). Participants were n = 1036 adolescents (15-19 years of age, M = 16.19 years, SD = 0.58; 67% girls) who completed a series of self-report measures assessing introversion, time spent alone, negative thinking while alone, motivations for solitude (shyness, affinity for solitude), and indices of well-being (i.e., loneliness, positive/negative affect, general well-being). Overall, results from correlational analyses indicated that introversion was associated with poorer functioning across all indices of well-being. However, when controlling for aspects of solitude, results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated a complex set of associations that varied across indices of well-being. Introversion remained associated significantly and negatively with well-being and positive affect, was no longer related significantly to loneliness, and became related significantly and negatively to negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of how personality characteristics and aspects of solitude can impact the well-being of adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stone
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (A.S.); (M.D.); (A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Megan DeGroot
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (A.S.); (M.D.); (A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Alicia McVarnock
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (A.S.); (M.D.); (A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Tiffany Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (A.S.); (M.D.); (A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Julie C. Bowker
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14068, USA;
| | - Robert J. Coplan
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (A.S.); (M.D.); (A.M.); (T.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sarac E. Relationship between the use of smart medical services and mental health status. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15:101246. [PMID: 39831010 PMCID: PMC11684223 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i1.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, I comment on the article by Zhang et al. To emphasize the importance of the topic, I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health. Smart medical services have the potential to positively influence mental health by providing monitoring, insights, and interventions. However, they also come with challenges that need to be addressed. Understanding the primary purpose for which individuals use these smart technologies is essential to tailoring them to specific mental health needs and preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sarac
- Ministry of National Defense, General Directorate of Management Services, Ankara 06000, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oparina E, Kaiser C, Gentile N, Tkatchenko A, Clark AE, De Neve JE, D'Ambrosio C. Machine learning in the prediction of human wellbeing. Sci Rep 2025; 15:1632. [PMID: 39794488 PMCID: PMC11723942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-84137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Subjective wellbeing data are increasingly used across the social sciences. Yet, despite the widespread use of such data, the predictive power of approaches commonly used to model wellbeing is only limited. In response, we here use tree-based Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to provide a better understanding of respondents' self-reported wellbeing. We analyse representative samples of more than one million respondents from Germany, the UK, and the United States, using data from 2010 to 2018. We make three contributions. First, we show that ML algorithms can indeed yield better predictive performance than standard approaches, and establish an upper bound on the predictability of wellbeing scores with survey data. Second, we use ML to identify the key drivers of evaluative wellbeing. We show that the variables emphasised in the earlier intuition- and theory-based literature also appear in ML analyses. Third, we illustrate how ML can be used to make a judgement about functional forms, including the existence of satiation points in the effects of income and the U-shaped relationship between age and wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caspar Kaiser
- Warwick Business School, Coventry, UK.
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | - Andrew E Clark
- University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- PSE-CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chao M, Rozgonjuk D, Elhai JD, Yang H, Montag C. Personality associations with online vs. offline social capital and well-being variables. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:763. [PMID: 39702324 PMCID: PMC11657760 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-02265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Social capital is an important construct in diverse scientific disciplines for understanding health promotion, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. In an increasingly digitalized world, social capital can be established and used in both online and offline contexts. Previous research suggests that personality might be relevant to an understanding of individual differences in social capital. For instance, the literature suggests that extraversion is associated with more social capital. Against this background, the present study aimed to revisit social capital research, but with a broader focus on studying all Big Five Personality traits (assessed with the BFI-45) and their association with bonding (similarity-based relationships), bridging (diversity-based relationships) social capital dimensions, and well-being. Insights in social capital variables in offline and online areas were obtained via the Internet Social Capital Scale and well-being was assessed with Diener's Satisfaction with Life scale. In particular, the study aimed to understand if personality-well-being associations would emerge with online/offline social capital being a mediator. The questionnaires were filled in by n = 289 German speaking participants (73 males and 216 females). The results revealed that offline social capital in the form of bridging and bonding played a significant role in mediating the relationship between both agreeableness and extraversion with life satisfaction. Online social capital was not associated with life satisfaction and was only very weakly linked to some Big Five Personality traits. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that offline social capital is very relevant for well-being, while online social capital shows no association with self-reported well-being levels and seems to be negligible for an understanding of well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chao
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Majauskiene D, Istomina N, Valanciene D, Dadeliene R, Sidlauskiene A, Aukstikalnis T, Jamontaite IE, Strazdaite E, Zilinskiene R, Gintiliene M, Sarkauskiene A, Skurvydas A. Factors influencing students' happiness, vitality, and self-esteem. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1463459. [PMID: 39720688 PMCID: PMC11668144 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1463459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The happiness and well-being of individuals are among the most important components of life. However, there remains a lack of evidence regarding the relationships between students' happiness, vigor, and self-esteem on the one hand and various complex factors on the other hand. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 397 students from various Lithuanian universities. We determined students' happiness, self-esteem, vigor, healthy lifestyles, perceived stress, personality traits, academic achievements and motivation by using validated scales. Results and discussion The study indicates that while happiness and self-esteem are not linked to healthy lifestyles, vigor is positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and healthy eating, and negatively with body mass index (BMI). Happiness and vigor inversely relate to stress, and happiness and self-esteem inversely relate to depression. Vigor is positively related to extraversion, and self-esteem to neuroticism. Happiness, vigor, and self-esteem are not linked to academic achievements, but happiness relates to non-utilitarian decisions, and self-esteem to emotional intelligence and non-utilitarian decisions. Happiness, vigor, self-esteem were not linked to intrinsic motivation to study, but self-esteem was inversely related to amotivation and childhood violence. This study fills the research gap and deepens the understanding of what determines students' happiness and vigor, and self-esteem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Majauskiene
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Natalja Istomina
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Ruta Dadeliene
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Sidlauskiene
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Aukstikalnis
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Egle Jamontaite
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Emilija Strazdaite
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ramune Zilinskiene
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Gintiliene
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kauno Kolegija, Higher Education Institution, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Asta Sarkauskiene
- Department of Sports, Recreation and Tourism, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Skurvydas
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ato E, Galián MD. Contribution of Temperament and Family Functioning on Psychological Well-Being in Spanish Emergent Adults: A Person-Centered Approach. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39642299 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2024.2428925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/08/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a gap in the literature on relationships between temperament, family functioning, and psychological well-being from a eudamonic perspective in emerging adulthood. To shed light on this issue, the aim of our study was to analyze the effect of temperament and family functioning profiles on psychological well-being in a sample of Spanish university students (N = 332). Results showed a positive association between the resilient temperament profile and psychological well-being, while the inverse relationship was observed for the non-desirable temperament profile. The reserved profile was not significantly associated with psychological well-being. On the other hand, the healthy family functioning profile (with moderate and high scores in cohesion and moderate scores in flexibility) was linked to higher levels of well-being, unlike the unhealthy functioning profile (with low scores in cohesion and extreme scores in flexibility). Finally, the joint effect of temperament and family functioning points to a buffering or protective effect of family functioning profiles in relation to potentially "dangerous" or "beneficial" temperamental profiles in university students. Practical and clinical implications are discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Stern J, Krämer MD, Schumacher A, MacDonald G, Richter D. Differences Between Lifelong Singles and Ever-Partnered Individuals in Big Five Personality Traits and Life Satisfaction. Psychol Sci 2024; 35:1364-1381. [PMID: 39576846 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241286865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Being romantically partnered is widely seen as a societal norm, and it has been shown to be positively associated with important life outcomes, such as physical and mental health. However, the percentage of singles is steadily increasing, with more people staying single for life. We used the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE; N = 77,064, mainly ≥ 50 years, 27 countries) to investigate Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction in lifelong singles compared with ever-partnered individuals. Specification-curve analyses suggested that lifelong singles were less extraverted, less conscientious, less open to experiences (dependent on singlehood definition), and less satisfied with their lives. Effects were stronger for never-partnered than for never-cohabitating or never-married individuals and were partly moderated by gender, age, country-level singlehood, and gender ratio. Our study provides insights into the characteristics of lifelong singles and has implications for understanding mental health and structures of social support in older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stern
- Department of Psychology, University of Bremen
| | | | - Alexander Schumacher
- SHARE BERLIN Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Munich Research Institute for the Economics of Aging and SHARE Analyses (MEA), Munich, Germany
| | | | - David Richter
- SHARE BERLIN Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Free University of Berlin
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van der Velden PG, Wittmann L, Contino C, van der Meulen E, Das M, Adriaens H. The Influence of the Big Five Personality Factors on Mental Health Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Study. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241300949. [PMID: 39572035 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241300949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
The Big Five personality factors (PF) are considered to be predictive of mental health problems, but it is unclear if these factors equally contributed to mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic. This prospective study aimed to fill this knowledge gap. For this purpose data was extracted from the population-based LISS-panel. We included adult respondents (Nmales = 1,838, Nfemales = 1892) who participated in three surveys before the pandemic (T1March-2019, T2May-2019, T3November-2019) and in three surveys during the pandemic in 2020 (T4March-2020, T5May-2020, T6november-2020). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine and compare the longitudinal associations between PF at T2May-2019 and moderate-severe anxiety and depressions symptoms (ADS) at T3November-2019, and longitudinal associations between PF at T5May-2020 and ADS at T5November-2020 among males and females. Control variables (pre-existing ADS, lack support, demographics) were retrieved from the T1March-2019 and T4March-2020 surveys, respectively. For the present study we distinguished five levels (very high to very low) of each PF. For both sexes, those with (very) low emotional stability and/or conscientiousness had considerably higher rates of ADS compared to those with very high levels of the same trait. These findings were similar both before and during the pandemic. Moreover, we found no indications that those with a certain level of a PF during the pandemic were more of less at risk for ADS or persistent ADS, than those with the same level of the same PF before the pandemic. Thus, we found no indications that the pandemic affected the impact of personality factors on moderate-severe anxiety and depressions symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G van der Velden
- Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Centerdata, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lutz Wittmann
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Erik van der Meulen
- Academy of Healthcare, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Education and Internationalisation, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Das
- Centerdata, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Akinlose MN, Ndukuba AC, Onu JU. Incidence of mental disorders and its predictors among air force personnel exposed to counter-insurgency operations in a West African country: a 6-month follow-up study. BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002870. [PMID: 39567176 DOI: 10.1136/military-2024-002870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite robust reports in the literature concerning the effect of exposure to combat on mental health, there is a paucity of studies in the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) using a longitudinal design. This study was designed to determine the incidence of mental disorders among a cohort of NAF personnel exposed to combat and highlight its association with psychosocio-religious variables. METHODS It was a follow-up study using a total population sampling in which all the 290 deployed personnel participated. Data was collected at two intervals: Baseline and 6 months after with sociodemographic questionnaire, Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory, the Brief Religious Coping, the Oslo Social Support Scale and the Big Five Inventory, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus). A two-staged process involving screening with the GHQ and a further diagnostic interview using MINI-Plus for participants with a GHQ score of 2 and above. RESULTS The incidence of any mental disorder was 243.1 per 1000 person-years. The top three priority conditions were: Substance use disorder (94.1 per 1000 person-years), major depressive disorder (43.8 per 1000 person-years) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (41.6 per 1000 person-years). Being deployed in early adulthood was a risk factor for developing a mental illness (adjusted OR (AOR), (95% CI): 2.89, (1.28, 6.50), p=0.01) while longer duration in the military service was a protective factor (AOR, (95% CI): 0.95, (0.91, 0.99), p=0.03). Social support, personality traits, religious coping and other coping strategies did not significantly predict mental disorders in this population (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence of any mental disorder among NAF personnel exposed to combat was huge. The three top priority conditions were substance use disorder, major depressive disorder and PTSD. These findings are useful in identifying priority conditions for interventions in the NAF population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A C Ndukuba
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - J U Onu
- Department of Mental Health, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Joshanloo M. Increases in sense of purpose predict future positive changes in personality traits. Br J Psychol 2024; 115:809-824. [PMID: 39120086 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relationship between the Big Five personality traits and sense of purpose over a 13-year period using a nationally representative sample of American adults (N = 11,010). The random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed unidirectional effects: increases in sense of purpose predicted subsequent increases in openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion, as well as decreases in neuroticism. Conversely, changes in personality traits did not predict future changes in sense of purpose. One potential mechanism underlying this effect might involve the link between sense of purpose and optimal self-regulatory processes and outcomes, such as successful planning, goal-directed behaviour, and self-control, which promote gradual positive changes in personality traits. Another plausible mechanism may be the association between purpose and improved subjective well-being and reduced psychological distress, which have been found to predict positive changes in personality traits. These findings challenge previous research that has interpreted cross-sectional associations as evidence that personality traits are predictive of purpose, rather than the other way around. The findings that intentionally cultivating a strong sense of purpose may facilitate positive personality change in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jovanović V. Competing Models of the Structure of Subjective Well-Being: Have All Won and Must All Have Prizes? J Pers 2024. [PMID: 39484980 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tripartite model of subjective well-being (SWB) posits three components: positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. The fundamental issue regarding the structure of SWB and the meaning of the general SWB factor remains unresolved. METHODS Across three studies and six samples (total N = 9304), we evaluated competing models of SWB and tested the criterion-related validity of SWB components operationalized within different models. In addition to a standard confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and bifactor-CFA, we used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and bifactor-ESEM approaches. Latent factor models were applied to examine the nomological network of SWB in relation to several external criteria (e.g., positive expectations, depression, and anxiety). RESULTS We found evidence supporting the three-factor and bifactor-ESEM models of SWB. The meaning and interpretability of the general and specific factors of SWB were found to depend on the indicators used to assess affective well-being. Several issues concerning the bifactor-CFA model were identified. Both the general and specific factors of SWB exhibited meaningful and interpretable nomological networks. CONCLUSIONS The structure of SWB, the value of incorporating a general factor, and the nature of general and specific SWB factors depend on the instruments used to measure SWB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang J, Mao T, Yuan P, Zhou J, Li M, Chen B. The influence of the personality traits of newly graduated nurses on the knowledge, skills and professional self-efficacy in standardized training: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:731. [PMID: 39379896 PMCID: PMC11463070 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New graduate nurses often have certain potential safety hazards for patients due to insufficient knowledge and lack of clinical practice ability. To address these challenges, China has implemented a standardized training strategy. The improvements in the quality of this training involve not only the intervention of teaching methods but also the consideration of personality traits. METHODS The application software based on the BFI-2 Chinese scale was utilized to administer personality tests to nursing students; nursing students were invited to scan the QR code and voluntarily fill in a questionnaire, including basic information, personality test results, and a professional self-efficacy test scale; offline paper-based theoretical examination results of nursing students were collected before and after training. The data was then analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0, which involved descriptive analysis, one-way between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS Based on the data, there were no observable differences in the theoretical results before and after training across different personality traits. In terms of skill assessment, conscientiousness exhibited the highest score at 78.91 ± 2.98 points, while negative emotionality showed the lowest score at 74.59 ± 2.12 points. These differences between different personality traits are statistically significant (P < 0.001). In terms of professional self-efficacy, conscientiousness scored the highest at 98.48 ± 12.69, while negative emotionality scored the lowest at 85.89 ± 11.71, with significant differences between different personality traits (P < 0.001). Professional self-efficacy was negatively correlated with agreeableness (r = -0.150, P = 0.044) and positively correlated with conscientiousness (r = -0.310, P < 0.001). Skill scores were negatively correlated with negative emotionality (r = -0.257, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with conscientiousness (r = 0.182, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that personality traits affect the skills test results and professional self-efficacy of nursing students. Conscientiousness scored the highest in this study, while negative emotionality scored the lowest. Therefore, personalized training plans are recommended to improve the quality of care for such nursing students and to further enhance patient safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianyang Mao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Nursing Department, The People's Hospital of Leshan, No.238, White Tower Street, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Nursing Department, The People's Hospital of Leshan, No.238, White Tower Street, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengqun Li
- Nursing Department, The People's Hospital of Leshan, No.238, White Tower Street, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Nursing Department, The People's Hospital of Leshan, No.238, White Tower Street, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhong T. Physical activity motivations and psychological well-being among university students: a canonical correlation analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1442632. [PMID: 39440180 PMCID: PMC11493698 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1442632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing concern about mental health issues and active lifestyles among university students, understanding the interplay between different physical activity motivations and various dimensions of psychological well-being is important. The present study aims to explore the canonical relationship between physical activity motivations based on self-determination theory and psychological well-being according to Ryff's model in university students. Nine hundred and sixty-six Chinese university students participated in this study. A canonical correlation analysis was conducted using six variables of motivations as predictors of six variables of psychological well-being. The canonical correlation analysis yielded two canonical functions. The first canonical function, which was primary, indicated that intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, and introjected regulation contributed the most to psychological well-being. The second canonical function indicated that a decrease in external motivation and amotivation accounted for an increase in personal growth. This study underscores the importance of elucidating the underlying motivations driving physical activity behaviors in order to enhance psychological well-being in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- College of Sport and Health, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Postigo Á, González-Nuevo C, García-Fernández J, García-Cueto E, Soto CJ, Napolitano CM, Roberts BW, Cuesta M. The Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory: A Spanish Adaptation and Further Validation in Adult Population. Assessment 2024; 31:1525-1547. [PMID: 38311900 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231225197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills encompass a broad range of interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities that are crucial for establishing and maintaining relationships, managing emotions, setting and pursuing goals, and exploring new learning opportunities. To address the lack of consensus regarding terminology, definition, and assessment of SEB skills, Soto et al. developed the Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI), which consists of 192 items, 32 facets, and 5 domains. The objective of the current study was to adapt the BESSI to Spanish (referred to as BESSI-Sp) and enhance the overall understanding of the BESSI framework. A sample of 303 people was employed with a mean age of 30.35 years (SD = 14.73), ranging from 18 to 85 years. The results indicate that the BESSI-Sp demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Its facet- and domain-level structure aligns with the theoretical expectations and closely resembles the English-language source version. The facets exhibit high reliability (mean ω = .89), and the scores demonstrate adequate stability after 3 to 4 weeks (mean rICC = .77). The BESSI-Sp also displays evidence of convergent validity and integrates well with the Big Five framework, providing incremental validity for various outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for the assessment of SEB skills and future research in this field.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kupffer R, Frick S, Wetzel E. Detecting Careless Responding in Multidimensional Forced-Choice Questionnaires. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2024; 84:887-926. [PMID: 39318479 PMCID: PMC11418602 DOI: 10.1177/00131644231222420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) format is an alternative to rating scales in which participants rank items according to how well the items describe them. Currently, little is known about how to detect careless responding in MFC data. The aim of this study was to adapt a number of indices used for rating scales to the MFC format and additionally develop several new indices that are unique to the MFC format. We applied these indices to a data set from an online survey (N = 1,169) that included a series of personality questionnaires in the MFC format. The correlations among the careless responding indices were somewhat lower than those published for rating scales. Results from a latent profile analysis suggested that the majority of the sample (about 76-84%) did not respond carelessly, although the ones who did were characterized by different levels of careless responding. In a simulation study, we simulated different careless responding patterns and varied the overall proportion of carelessness in the samples. With one exception, the indices worked as intended conceptually. Taken together, the results suggest that careless responding also plays an important role in the MFC format. Recommendations on how it can be addressed are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Frick
- University of Mannheim, Germany
- TU Dortmund University, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hill PL, Olaru G, Allemand M. Examining sense of purpose and conscientiousness as unique correlates of health: A bifactor examination. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:1195-1209. [PMID: 38312017 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241226814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Conscientiousness and sense of purpose consistently predict health, wellbeing, and health behavior. However, it remains an open question whether they are unique or overlapping predictors of health and wellbeing. The current study considered this question using the MOSAiCH study, a nationally representative sample of 2305 Swiss adults (M: 52.33 years old; SD = 17.36). Participants reported on sense of purpose and conscientiousness, in addition to multiple health, wellbeing, and health behavior indicators (e.g. dietary practices, activity engagement, health conditions, psychological concerns, and doctor visits). Results found conscientiousness and sense of purpose were moderately associated with multiple health, wellbeing, and health behavior indicators. Bifactor modeling was employed to test the incremental validity of conscientiousness and sense of purpose, when accounting for their shared variance. The specific factor for purpose predicted outcomes even when accounting for conscientiousness. However, conscientiousness had little incremental validity over the general factor.
Collapse
|
40
|
Selič-Zupančič P, Petek D, Jerala N. Exploring Personality Traits, Values, and Attitudes toward Professionalism: Implications for the Promotion of Mental Health and Functioning in Medical Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1732. [PMID: 39273756 PMCID: PMC11394833 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12171732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers face significant mental health challenges, including stress, burnout, and psychological distress, leading to high rates of mental health symptoms and even suicide attempts, as well as an increase in medication errors and unprofessional behavior. Targeted interventions are needed to address these issues. However, promoting healthier traits in medical students or refining selection could also prove beneficial, as research shows that mental health is significantly influenced by personality traits and personal values. This study examines the relationship between personality traits, values, and attitudes toward professionalism among medical students in Slovenia. A total of 996 participants were examined in three data collections from the academic years 2015-2016 to 2019-2020 using the Big Five Questionnaire, the Personal Values Scale, and the Attitude Toward Professionalism Scale. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors associated with professionalism. The results showed that attitudes toward professionalism were stable over the years, with higher scores consistently associated with the female gender, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Conversely, material value orientation had a negative impact on professionalism. In addition, we examine the associations between mental health and personality traits, personal values, and attitudes toward professionalism to illustrate the importance of selecting and nurturing medical students, based on traits that promote mental health and professional behavior. These findings may lead to improvements in medical education and selection processes to improve the well-being and functioning of future medical professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polona Selič-Zupančič
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Poljanski Nasip 58, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Davorina Petek
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Poljanski Nasip 58, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Jerala
- University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Studenec 48, 1260 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Joshanloo M. Level and stability of self-esteem mediate relationships between personality traits and life satisfaction: Bayesian multilevel modeling with annual data. Cogn Emot 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39171564 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2392615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the relationships among the Big Five personality traits, self-esteem levels, self-esteem stability, and life satisfaction over a 15-year period. The primary objectives were to examine whether: (1) self-esteem stability contributed to the prediction of life satisfaction beyond self-esteem level, and (2) both self-esteem level and stability mediated the associations between personality traits and life satisfaction. Bayesian multilevel modelling was conducted on a sample of Dutch adults (N = 4,880), with self-esteem stability operationalised using within-person variance and mean square successive difference. Results indicated that higher levels of self-esteem and self-esteem stability were significantly associated with greater life satisfaction. All Big Five traits predicted higher self-esteem level, while emotional stability and conscientiousness emerged as robust predictors of self-esteem stability with both stability operationalizations. Self-esteem level mediated the relationship between all personality traits and life satisfaction. However, self-esteem stability only mediated the effects of emotional stability and conscientiousness on life satisfaction across both operationalizations of stability. This study provides new insights into the importance of self-esteem stability, in addition to self-esteem level, in shaping well-being. These findings underscore self-esteem levels and dynamics as a crucial mechanism linking personality dispositions to life evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li Z, Jiang K, Zhu Y, Du H, Im H, Zhu Y, Feng L, Zhu W, Zhao G, Jia X, Hu Y, Zhu H, Yao Q, Wang H, Wang Q. Happy people are always similar: The evidence from brain morphological and functional inter-subject correlations. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120690. [PMID: 38880309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in the study of happiness is whether there is neural evidence to support a well-known hypothesis that happy people are always similar while unfortunate people have their own misfortunes. To investigate this, we employed several happiness-related questionnaires to identify potential components of happiness, and further investigated and confirmed their associations with personality, mood, aggressive behaviors, and amygdala reactivity to fearful faces within a substantial sample size of college students (n = 570). Additionally, we examined the functional and morphological similarities and differences among happy individuals using the inter-subject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA). IS-RSA emphasizes the geometric properties in a high-dimensional space constructed by brain or behavioral patterns and focuses on individual subjects. Our behavioral findings unveiled two factors of happiness: individual and social, both of which mediated the effect of personality traits on individual aggression. Subsequently, mood mediated the impact of happiness on aggressive behaviors across two subgroup splits. Functional imaging data revealed that individuals with higher levels of happiness exhibited reduced amygdala reactivity to fearful faces, as evidenced by a conventional face-matching task (n = 104). Moreover, IS-RSA demonstrated that these participants manifested similar neural activation patterns when processing fearful faces within the visual pathway, but not within the emotional network (e.g., amygdala). Morphological observations (n = 425) indicated that individuals with similar high happiness levels exhibited comparable gray matter volume patterns within several networks, including the default mode network, fronto-parietal network, visual network, and attention network. Collectively, these findings offer early neural evidence supporting the proposition that happy individuals may share common neural characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Keying Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hanxiao Du
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | | | - Yingying Zhu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuji Jia
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Normal College of Shihezi University, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Qiong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention, Hefei 230601, China; School of Educational and Psychological Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention, Hefei 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pelt DHM, Habets PC, Vinkers CH, Ligthart L, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Pool R, Bartels M. Building machine learning prediction models for well-being using predictors from the exposome and genome in a population cohort. NATURE. MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 2:1217-1230. [PMID: 39464304 PMCID: PMC11511667 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
Effective personalized well-being interventions require the ability to predict who will thrive or not, and the understanding of underlying mechanisms. Here, using longitudinal data of a large population cohort (the Netherlands Twin Register, collected 1991-2022), we aim to build machine learning prediction models for adult well-being from the exposome and genome, and identify the most predictive factors (N between 702 and 5874). The specific exposome was captured by parent and self-reports of psychosocial factors from childhood to adulthood, the genome was described by polygenic scores, and the general exposome was captured by linkage of participants' postal codes to objective, registry-based exposures. Not the genome (R 2 = -0.007 [-0.026-0.010]), but the general exposome (R 2 = 0.047 [0.015-0.076]) and especially the specific exposome (R 2 = 0.702 [0.637-0.753]) were predictive of well-being in an independent test set. Adding the genome (P = 0.334) and general exposome (P = 0.695) independently or jointly (P = 0.029) beyond the specific exposome did not improve prediction. Risk/protective factors such as optimism, personality, social support and neighborhood housing characteristics were most predictive. Our findings highlight the importance of longitudinal monitoring and promises of different data modalities for well-being prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H. M. Pelt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe C. Habets
- Department of Psychiatry and Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H. Vinkers
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep and Stress Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina E. M. van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hernando-Jorge L, Fernández-Mesa A, Azagra-Caro JM, Tur-Porcar AM. Personality and emotional intelligence of researchers: The importance of affects. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304905. [PMID: 39121098 PMCID: PMC11315323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers, who play a crucial role in knowledge production, deal with various emotions in their challenging work environment. Their personality might affect how well they manage their emotions, but their moods could help counteract these effects. This study aims to investigate whether researchers' moods influence the connection between their personality and emotional intelligence. 7,463 Spanish researchers replied to an online survey. Responses analysed through partial least squares structural equation modelling show significant positive relationships between the big five personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability) and emotional intelligence. In addition, positive affect positively mediates the relationships between each of the personality traits and emotional intelligence, and negative affect mediates the same relationships but negatively. The importance of managing emotional states to regulate emotional experiences in the work of researchers is discussed.
Collapse
|
45
|
Inzlicht M, Roberts BW. The fable of state self-control. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 58:101848. [PMID: 39096668 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Trait self-control is highly valued, often equated with moral righteousness and associated with numerous positive life outcomes. This paper challenges the conventional conflation of trait self-control and state self-control. We suggest that while trait self-control is consistently linked to success, state self-control is not the causal mechanism driving these benefits. Trait self-control, sometimes also referred to as conscientiousness, grit, and the ability to delay gratification, predicts better health, wealth, and academic achievement. Conventional wisdom has it that people high in trait self-control reap all these benefits because they engage in more state self-control, defined as the momentary act of resolving conflict between goals and fleeting desires. Despite its intuitive appeal, there are problems with extolling state self-control because of our love for trait self-control. First, empirical evidence suggests that individuals high in trait self-control do not engage in more state self-control but engage it less. Second, changes to state self-control do not reliably and sustainably improve people's outcomes, as least in the long-term. And third, despite the possibility of dramatic improvements in trait self-control, these improvements are often short lived, with people returning to their baseline trait level over longer time horizons. The roots of this problem are numerous: Imprecise and inaccurate naming of our constructs that lead to construct drift and contamination; ignoring the numerous other facets of conscientiousness like orderliness or industriousness; and not appreciating that traits are sometimes not reducible to states. We suggest that the celebrated benefits of trait self-control arise from mechanisms beyond state self-control and highlight the need for a broader conceptualization of self-control in psychological research and practical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Inzlicht
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, Canada; Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Brent W Roberts
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, United States; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hendrikx K, Van Ruysseveldt J, Otto M. Personality and burnout complaints: The mediating role of proactive burnout prevention behaviors at work. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:592-606. [PMID: 38329218 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to gain insight into how and why certain personality traits are related to experiencing burnout complaints. Drawing on insights from a stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model of personality and affect and conservation of resources (COR) theory, we specifically focus on the role of five proactive behaviors to prevent burnout (PBPBs) at work. Two research questions are addressed: (1) How are the HEXACO personality traits related to burnout complaints, and (2) to what extent do the PBPBs aimed at increasing resources act as mediators between the engagement dimensions of personality and burnout complaints. We set up a two-wave survey examining HEXACO personality, PBPBs at work, and burnout complaints in a sample of 172 employees. For our analyses we relied on multiple regression analyses and structural equation modeling. Our analyses revealed that employees high on Extraversion and Conscientiousness and low on Emotionality are less inclined to experience burnout complaints. For the trait of Conscientiousness, this could be partly explained because conscientious employees demonstrate more proactive behavior aimed at maintaining or increasing job control. Our research contributes to the burnout and personality literature as we offer insight into why specific personality dimensions are related to burnout complaints. Specific proactive behaviors aimed at increasing job resources appeared to play a small, yet relevant role in this respect, specifically for Conscientiousness. By studying the relationship between personality and behavior in association with burnout complaints, this study adds to our understanding of personalized preventive actions in the work context that can reduce burnout complaints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolien Hendrikx
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Van Ruysseveldt
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon Otto
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Busseri MA, Erb EM. The happy personality revisited: Re-examining associations between Big Five personality traits and subjective well-being using meta-analytic structural equation modeling. J Pers 2024; 92:968-984. [PMID: 37462061 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Using meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM), we examined the link between Big Five personality traits and subjective well-being (SWB), operationalized as three separate components and as a latent factor indicated by life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA). PA and NA were assessed based on frequency of a broad range of affective experiences, rather than intensity of high arousal affective experiences, thus excluding studies using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. METHOD 35 samples were included, encompassing 22,135 participants from 14 countries, in which all eight variables were assessed. RESULTS Correlations among personality traits were moderate, on average, and the latent SWB factor had strong loadings from all three components. Personality traits together explained substantial variance in LS, PA, and NA, and in the latent SWB factor, with unique predictive effects on the latent factor from each personality trait except openness. Associations between personality traits and SWB components were fully accounted for by a latent SWB factor, with one exception: A specific association was found between neuroticism and unique variance in NA. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide new insights concerning the notion of a 'happy personality' in showing that Big Five personality traits have unique associations with an underlying sense of SWB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Busseri
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily M Erb
- Faculty of Education, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ng HKY, Chen SX, Lam BCP. Does Religious Worldview Benefit Life Satisfaction? Examination of the Incremental Predictive Power, Underlying Mechanism, and Temporal Relationship in Hong Kong and the USA. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:2877-2894. [PMID: 37917242 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of religion have predominantly focused on personal religious identities and experiences, while the broader context of religious worldviews remains understudied. Across two quantitative studies, we showed the incremental predictive power of religious worldview and its mechanism among young adults in two societies-the USA (N = 179) and Hong Kong (N = 164). The mediation mechanism with social connectedness was further inferred from a 12-month study among Hong Kong Chinese (N = 133). This research has laid important groundwork for a deeper understanding of how religion shapes our perception of the world and its impact on our well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K Y Ng
- School of Education and Languages, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong.
| | - Sylvia Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ben C P Lam
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen Y, Fang N, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhu Q. Does exercise adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic contribute to improved subjective well-being? A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1448827. [PMID: 39144605 PMCID: PMC11322335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1448827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to investigate whether exercise adherence and positive mental character significantly affect subjective well-being among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether positive mental character plays a mediating role. Methods The study employed questionnaires, including the Exercise Adherence Scale, the Positive Mental Character Scale, and the Subjective Well-Being Scale, which were administered to students across seven universities in Henan Province, China. A total of 1,001 participants were analyzed in the final sample. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics, independent samples T-test, correlation, and regression analyses. Furthermore, structural equation model with AMOS was conducted to examine the potential mediating effect of positive mental characteristics on the relationship between exercise adherence and subjective well-being. Results The results indicated significant differences in exercise adherence, positive mental character, and subjective well-being between male and female participants, with males scoring higher in all three domains. Among Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant correlation among exercise adherence, positive mental character, and subjective well-being. Exercise adherence was found to have a significant and positive impact on both positive mental character and subjective well-being. Additionally, it was found that positive mental character had a significant positive association with subjective well-being. The mediating role of positive mental character in the relationship between exercise adherence and subjective well-being was partially supported. Discussion Exercise adherence among Chinese college students had a significant positive association on both positive mental character and subjective well-being throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The exercise adherence can directly or indirectly enhance subjective well-being through its association with positive mental character. Therefore, positive mental and subjective well-being can be enhanced by consistent physical activity even during a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghuan Chen
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Marine Sports, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Fang
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiuhan Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang J, Chen G, Hu Y, Gao Y. Gender role attitudes and fertility intentions: the mediating role of parental sacrifice and the moderating role of subjective well-being. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:400. [PMID: 39026341 PMCID: PMC11264493 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gender role attitudes have been shown to play a critical role in individuals' fertility intentions. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study examined whether parental sacrifice mediates the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions, and whether subjective well-being plays a moderating role. A sample of 446 Chinese adults aged 18 to 45 (Mage = 32.78, SDage = 5.63, 60.93% female) completed the Gender Role Attitude Scale, Parental Sacrifice Scale, Index of Well-Being, and Fertility Attitude Scale. Multiple regression analyses showed that traditional gender role attitudes positively predicted fertility intentions, while egalitarian gender role attitudes negatively predicted fertility intentions. Moreover, parental sacrifice was found to partially mediate the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions. Additionally, subjective well-being was identified as a moderator of the mediating effect of parental sacrifice. Specifically, for individuals with low subjective well-being, parental sacrifice played a partially mediating role. However, for individuals with high subjective well-being, the mediating effect of parental sacrifice was not significant, and gender role attitudes directly influenced fertility intentions. This study adds to our understanding of the connection between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions of adults, providing important information for policymakers and professionals aiming to promote fertility intentions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Zhang
- School of Psychology, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Center for Mental Health, Guangxi Vocational College of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 99 Changgang Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, 530023, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Gongxing Chen
- Center for Mental Health, Guangxi Vocational College of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 99 Changgang Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, 530023, Guangxi Province, China.
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| | - Yingying Hu
- Center for Mental Health, Guangxi Vocational College of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 99 Changgang Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, 530023, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Center for Mental Health, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|