With an increasing demand for shared leadership to address complex, dynamic, and diverse knowledge situations, more attention should be paid to the knowledge behaviors of emergent leaders in teams. However, there is thus far a lack of research into the multilevel nature of shared leadership. Using a dual network lens, this study considers two aspects of shared leadership: “shared leadership as networks” (SLAN) and “shared leadership in networks” (SLIN). Based on emotion appraisal theory, this study investigated the impact of SLIN on leaders’ productive and counterproductive knowledge behaviors through discrete emotions (pride and fear of losing power) and the moderating role of SLAN in guiding their emotions and subsequent behaviors.

A social network approach was employed to obtain data among 431 employees from 72 teams in China. We identified 350 emergent leaders via leadership sociograms. Statistical analysis methods, including multilevel regression analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and simple slope analysis, were utilized to test our hypotheses.

This study indicates that (1) SLIN is positively associated with pride (B = 0.33, p < 0.001), which in turn increases knowledge sharing (B = 0.37, p < 0.001); (2) SLIN is positively related to fear of losing power (B = 0.21, p < 0.05), which in turn is negatively associated with knowledge sharing (B = −0.23, p < 0.001) and positively associated with knowledge hiding (B = 0.19, p < 0.001); (3) SLAN moderated these aforementioned indirect effects.

First, by defining and differentiating between SLAN and SLIN, this study expands a new perspective on SLIN and facilitates the further development of multilevel shared leadership. Second, this study responds to recent calls for more research on leadership networks and individual-level outcomes of shared leadership. Moreover, it offers a novel theoretical framework to illustrate the impact of SLIN on their knowledge behaviors. Finally, the focus on the moderating role of SLAN identifies a significant contextual factor that prevents the dysfunctional effects of SLIN. These original discoveries enrich the literature on team leadership, emotions, and knowledge management. Further, our novel findings may be of interest to practitioners as they help organizations and teams manage the complex impacts of SLIN on knowledge behaviors in the contexts of an ongoing “affective revolution” and team-based organizational structures.

• fear of losing power
• knowledge hiding
• knowledge sharing
• pride
• shared leadership
• social network approach

• Anger
• Arousal
• Normative
• Outcome goal orientations
• Self-regulation
• Tower of Hanoi

• Achievement
• Anger
• Goals
• Humans
• Motivation

• TURSP-2020/334 Taif University

• challenge stress
• hindrance stress
• innovation performance
• intrinsic motivation
• knowledge acquisition

• National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Motivation
• Reward

By combining the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2001) and the transactional theory of stress (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984), this study examines how challenge demands (i.e., task complexity and time pressure) have dual effects on employees’ job performance through the mediating effects of positive and negative emotions. We collected data from 414 employees from three firms located in China, including two hi-tech firms and one financial firm. The results indicated that challenge demands (i.e., task complexity and time pressure) have an overall positive effect on employees’ job performance (i.e., task performance and contextual performance) by offsetting positive indirect effects with negative indirect effects. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

• challenge demands
• job performance
• negative emotions
• offsetting effects
• positive emotions

• Mokken scaling
• instrument
• item response theory
• stress
• transportation delay

This article provides a review of scientific articles addressing the topic of knowledge hiding in organizations. Based on a descriptive analysis, bibliometric analysis, and content analysis of a sample of 81 articles published in the academic journals in the Web of Science from 2012 to 2020, we identify the main areas and current dynamics of knowledge hiding research. Our results show that the central research themes of knowledge hiding include five clusters: concept and dimensions, antecedents, consequences, theories, and influence mechanisms. Based on our findings, we suggest future research should further develop the concept and dimensions of knowledge hiding; probe deeper into the consequences of knowledge hiding; explore multilateral, cross-level, and collective knowledge hiding; employ innovative theoretical perspectives and research methods to study knowledge hiding; and address how cultural and other contextual factors may shape the knowledge hiding behavior.

• bibliometric analysis
• content analysis
• descriptive analysis
• future research directions
• knowledge hiding
• systematic literature review

• achievement motivation
• anxiety
• competitiveness
• emotional assessment
• flow
• grit
• need for competing
• self-efficacy

• divided-visual field
• emotion
• faces
• facial expression
• hemisphere
• negative

• counterproductive work behavior
• job insecurity
• millennials
• moral disengagement
• negative emotions
• psychological capital

• COVID-19
• Employment
• Humans
• Job Satisfaction
• Morals
• Pandemics
• SARS-CoV-2

• ERP
• Event-related potentials
• LPP
• Negativity bias
• Positivity effect
• Self
• Self-relevance

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Aging/psychology
• Attention
• Emotions/physiology
• Evoked Potentials/physiology
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Memory
• Middle Aged
• Self Stimulation/physiology
• Young Adult

• R21 AG051853 NIA NIH HHS
• T32 NS007292 NINDS NIH HHS

Various psychological feelings that commuters might experience due to the shortcomings of a public transport are a major concern for transport policy makers. Those shortcomings would be translated into various negative psychological feelings, which would consequently tarnish the perceived quality of the public transport system in terms of its characteristics, e.g., the perceived quality of the passengers' information system (PIS). A delay has often been defined as the difference between the real arrival of a transport and the scheduled arrival of based on the PIS. The main question this study seeks to answer is how passengers view the PIS while undergoing various psychological negative impacts due to delay? This is especially important when the PIS is not precise. Previous studies on the importance of real-time information mainly focus on the impact of PIS on the satisfaction of commuters, or the reliability of the public transport. However, they rarely consider the negative psychological impacts that delays might have on commuters, and how those negative feelings might be aggravated by providing inaccurate information for the commuters. The proposed study is based on completed questionnaires by 396 passengers waiting for a rail transport in Malaysia; the rail transport was experiencing frequent long delays due to various mechanical malfunctions. In addition, the PIS provided for the passengers were mainly imprecise, and was updated regularly. The relationship between various considered variables, and a related latent factor, were formed by means of factor analysis. The results of internal consistency and validity highlight acceptable factors to be considered for a structural equation modeling (SEM) model. Three latent factors were found to impact the latent factor of PIS. For instance, it was found that the relationship between motion sickness factor and the response of PIS is not by a direct relationship between those two factors, but through the mediation of a latent physiological factor. On the other hand, the impact of the psychological feelings of the commuter by PIS is higher than its physiological effects. The results of this study have an important managerial implication for policy makers that even if the delay is inevitable, an accurate PIS could be provided to reduce the associated negative feelings of delay. Extensive discussion has been had about identification of a best fit model and process of model's parameters' estimation.

• delay
• passenger information system
• physical effects
• public transport
• real-time information
• stress
• structural equation modeling

• approach coping
• avoidant coping
• challenge
• depression
• gender
• migrant children
• stress mindset
• threat

Although previous works have examined how work overload affects the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of members in an organization, those studies have paid insufficient attention to the mediating and contingent factors in the work overload–turnover intention link from the perspective of positive psychology. Considering the theoretical and practical value and importance of positive psychology, studies that use it to investigate underlying processes are needed. Also, existing studies on work overload have focused on the moderating role of individual-level variables to reduce the negative effects of work overload, mostly ignoring the importance of organizational-level moderators. To resolve those issues, we hypothesize that the meaningfulness of an employee’s work mediates the relationship between work overload and turnover intention. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices could moderate the association between work overload and the meaningfulness of work. Using a three-wave data set gathered from 356 currently working employees in South Korea, we reveal not only that the meaningfulness of work mediates the work overload–turnover intention link, but also that CSR activities play a buffering role in the work overload–meaningfulness of work link. Our findings suggest that, from the perspective of positive psychology, the degree of meaningfulness of work (as a mediator) and CSR activities (as a moderator) function as intermediating mechanisms in the work overload–turnover intention link.

• corporate social responsibility
• meaningfulness of work
• moderated mediation model
• turnover intention
• work overload

• Attitude
• Intention
• Personnel Turnover
• Republic of Korea
• Social Responsibility

• incidental affect
• incidental emotion
• appetitive risk behavior
• health risk behavior
• meta-analysis

• Affect/physiology
• Appetite/physiology
• Female
• Health Risk Behaviors/physiology
• Humans
• Incidence
• Male
• Risk-Taking

• R01 CA224545 NCI NIH HHS
• Z99 CA999999 Intramural NIH HHS

• computational science
• psychology
• human behaviour

• Adult
• Bias
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Memory
• Models, Psychological
• Mood Disorders/psychology
• Reward
• Social Behavior

• Amazon Web Services

Nowadays, the dynamic development of technology allows for the design of systems based on various information sources and their integration into hybrid expert systems. One of the areas of research where such systems are especially helpful is emotion analysis. The sympathetic nervous system controls emotions, while its function is directly reflected by the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal. The presented study aimed to develop a tool and propose a physiological data set to complement the psychological data. The study group consisted of 41 students aged from 19 to 26 years. The presented research protocol was based on the acquisition of the electrodermal activity signal using the Empatica E4 device during three exercises performed in a prototype Disc4Spine system and using the psychological research methods. Different methods (hierarchical and non-hierarchical) of subsequent data clustering and optimisation in the context of emotions experienced were analysed. The best results were obtained for the k-means classifier during Exercise 3 (80.49%) and for the combination of the EDA signal with negative emotions (80.48%). A comparison of accuracy of the k-means classification with the independent division made by a psychologist revealed again the best results for negative emotions (78.05%).

• GSR
• JAWS
• clusterisation
• electrodermal activity
• emotions analysis
• psychological analysis

Occupational stressors have long been recognized as an important risk factor for injury accidents. The mechanisms underlying the relationships among challenge stressors, hindrance stressors, safety outcomes (occupational injuries), emotional experiences (attentiveness), and job performance (task performance) were investigated from the perspectives of the challenge–hindrance stress model and the conservation of resources theory. This study collected multi-source data over two timepoints for 105 safety supervisors and 379 construction workers in China. Results revealed that both challenge and hindrance stressors were positively related to occupational injuries, but only challenge stressors were positively associated with attentiveness. In addition, occupational injuries mediated the relationship between both challenge and hindrance stressors and task performance, while attentiveness mediated only the relationship between challenge stressors and task performance. These findings contribute to our knowledge of stress management in the construction project context and provide recommendations for stress management for front-line workers at construction sites.

• attentiveness
• challenge stressors
• construction workers
• hindrance stressors
• occupational injuries
• task performance

• burnout
• individual perceptions and behavior
• scenario simulation
• social environment
• system dynamics

• contextual factors
• dictator game
• emotions
• offer
• ultimatum game

• part-time work
• perceived pressure
• preferences
• telework
• vignette
• volition
• work-home conflict
• work-home practices

Physiological discomfort is commonly cited as a barrier for initiating and persisting with exercise. Although individuals may think of physiological discomfort as determined by physical sensations, it can also be influenced by cognitive and emotional factors. We explored the impacts of interpreting the purpose of pain as a sign of muscle building (helpful) vs. a sign of muscle tearing and possible injury (harmful) and tested the effect of cognitive reappraisals, or shifting interpretations of pain, on exercise persistence and the subjective experience of discomfort during exercise. Seventy-eight participants were randomized to listen to voice recordings that framed exercise-related pain as helpful vs. harmful before participating in a standard muscular endurance test using the YMCA protocol. Although the two experimental groups did not differ in the overall number of resistance training repetitions achieved, participants who were asked to think about the benefits (rather than the negative consequences) of pain reported less negative pain valence during exercise. Thus, the experience of pain was influenced by appraisals of the meaning of pain, but differences in pain valence did not impact exercise persistence. Theoretical implications and applications for affect-based exercise interventions are discussed.

• affect
• arousal
• discomfort
• exercise
• exertion
• pain
• persistence
• reappraisal
• resistance
• valence

• biopsychosocial
• challenge
• police
• shootings
• threat

• EEG
• cognition
• interventions
• negative affect
• physiology
• positive affect
• prosocial behavior
• well-being

• ADHD
• emotional processing
• emotional regulation problems
• facial emotion recognition
• facial expression recognition
• intervention

Drawing upon career construction theory (Savickas, 2002, 2013) and the job demand-control-support model (JDCS; Johnson and Hall, 1988; Van der Doef and Maes, 1999), the present study aims to explore the adaptability resources mechanism of the relationship between work stressors and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Two-wave data were collected from 305 employees working in the operation department of an e-commerce company. The results showed that career adaptability mediated the relationship between work stressors and CWB against both coworkers (CWB-I) and the organization (CWB-O), going above, and beyond the mediation effect of job satisfaction (i.e., an indicator of a social exchange path). Also, the association between career adaptability and CWB-O was stronger among employees who perceived a low (vs. high) level of organizational support. This study sheds light on how work stressors are related to CWBs indirectly through career adaptability. The findings also offer practical advice for organizations to prevent CWBs by developing employees’ adaptability.

• career adaptability
• career construction theory
• counterproductive work behavior
• job demand-control-support model
• perceived organizational support
• work stressors

• 30 years
• Cognition & Emotion
• reflections

• Cognition
• Emotions
• Humans
• Periodicals as Topic

• P01 AG019724 NIA NIH HHS
• R01 AG041762 NIA NIH HHS

• emotion regulation
• fMRI
• gender
• music
• olfaction

Emotional Competence (EC) is regarded as a fundamental skill for sports coaches. However, the applications of EC in football coaching are not well understood. This study analyzed the specific emotional processes football coaches experience. We interviewed 18 football coaches and analyzed the interview transcripts by using a systematic analysis process based on Grounded Theory principles. We derived a model from this analysis that comprises a four-phase process: emotional triggers, emotional experiences, emotion regulation strategies, and emotional consequences. In this model, we identified four categories which act as triggers of emotions in football coaches. These emotions can be positive or negative and are manifested at three levels. However, the coaches vary in their capability to perceive emotions. Our model also shows that coaches’ emotion regulation strategies influence the effect of emotional experiences. Experienced emotions promote consequences with psychological and social implications for coaches and may influence their perception of future situations. In short, the process seems to be circular. This finding suggests that the ability to deal with emotions is an important aspect for football coaches.

• circular emotional process
• emotional competence
• football coach

• Central feeding regulation
• Central obesity
• Eating behaviors
• Neuroscience
• Obesity

• Adult
• Brain/physiology
• Brain Mapping
• Eating/physiology
• Female
• Food
• Hope
• Humans
• Hunger/physiology
• Neurofeedback/physiology
• Obesity/physiopathology
• Pilot Projects
• Sex Factors
• Young Adult

• SFB 1052 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE)
• SFB 874 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE)
• nutriCARD Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (DE)

• Latinas
• breast cancer
• needs assessment
• oncology
• supportive care

• Adult
• Aged
• Breast Neoplasms/complications
• Breast Neoplasms/psychology
• Breast Neoplasms/therapy
• Depression/etiology
• Depression/psychology
• Female
• Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data
• Humans
• Longitudinal Studies
• Mexico
• Middle Aged
• Needs Assessment/statistics & numerical data
• Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Women's Health/statistics & numerical data

• adaptive automation
• driver state recognition
• facial expressions
• frustration
• functional near-infrared spectroscopy

ResearchGate, a social network site for academics, prominently displays the achievements of people one follows (“With 150 new reads, X was the most read author from their institute”). The goal of this paper was to examine the emotional and motivational effects of these system-generated messages, thereby extending prior research on envy-evoking status updates on Facebook to a professional context. We also extend the research on social comparisons and more broadly, on emotional responses elicited by social media. Specifically, social media research has largely focused on examining emotional reactions to content that is both generated by and is about others. In this research we directly examine updates generated by the system (ResearchGate) while also directly comparing reactions to updates about others’ achievements with reactions to updates that are about the self—i.e., one’s personal achievements which are also displayed on ResearchGate (“With 150 new reads, you were the most read author from your institute”). Particular attention was paid to the mediating role of envy and pride. The results of our quasi-experimental field study (n = 419) showed that the achievements of others elicited envy, whereas personal achievements elicited pride. People exposed to their personal achievements (vs. the achievement of others) showed a higher motivation to work harder. This effect was mediated by pride, but not envy. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

• ResearchGate
• envy
• motivation
• pride
• social comparison

• fatigue
• moderated mediation
• negative emotions
• psychological contract breach
• stress

• anxiety
• culture
• frequency
• interpretation
• psychological skills

Medical tourism organizations have increasingly recognized that loyalty makes a medical clinic a marketing success. To increase understanding of the importance of medical clinics, this study examined the roles of servicescapes, emotions, and satisfaction in the development of customer loyalty toward medical clinics and destination. Data were collected among international medical tourists visiting Korea. Results identified that dimensions of medical clinics’ servicescape (ie, medical clinic environment, medical treatment, staff, and doctor) influenced emotions and satisfaction among international medical tourists. Also, positive emotions and the 2 dimensions of satisfaction with a medical clinic and doctor mediate the influence of medical clinics’ servicescapes on 2 types of loyalty (the medical clinic and Korea for medical care). Overall, these findings indicate that the interrelationship of servicescapes, positive emotion, and satisfaction is essential in influencing international medical tourists’ loyalty to a medical clinic.

• Republic of Korea
• emotion
• international medical tourist
• loyalty
• marketing
• medical clinic
• medical tourism
• servicescapes
• structural equation modeling

• Chronic illnesses
• Emotion
• Fluctuation of affect
• Mood
• Physical health

• Appraisal Tendency Framework
• bargaining power
• dual-emotion situation
• happiness
• negotiation initiation
• sadness
• state affect
• trait affect

• cognitive processes
• cool tasks
• emotional intelligence
• hot tasks

• consumption
• emotions
• informative video
• narrative
• university

Much attention has been paid to the psychological processes underlying the improvement in mood states and human well-being, particularly during adolescence. Theoretical and empirical research suggests that emotional skills may play a role in enhancing perceived well-being; however, the mechanisms involved in during adolescence are unclear. The purpose of this study was to extend understanding by investigating the potential mediators of the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and life satisfaction in a 2-years study. Participants were 269 high school students (145 girls and 124 boys) who completed the self-report perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale three times at 1-year intervals. The three-step longitudinal design corroborated earlier research indicating that positive and negative affect mediate the relationships between EI and life satisfaction. Students with high PEI tended to have more positive experiences and fewer negative experiences, which contributed to their greater life satisfaction. No sex differences were found in the multi-group analyses, suggesting that the causal relationships are similar in both sexes. These findings extend our understanding of the complex network of relationships involving PEI and life satisfaction in adolescence. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.

• life satisfaction
• mediation
• perceived emotional intelligence
• positive and negative affect
• positive psychology
• subjective well-being

Emotion eliciting situations are accompanied by changes of multiple variables associated with subjective, physiological and behavioral responses. The quantification of the overall simultaneous synchrony of psychophysiological reactions plays a major role in emotion theories and has received increased attention in recent years. From a psychometric perspective, the reactions represent multivariate non-stationary intra-individual time series. In this paper, a new time-frequency based latent variable approach for the quantification of the synchrony of the responses is presented. The approach is applied to empirical data, collected during an emotion eliciting situation. The results are compared with a complementary inter-individual approach of Hsieh et al. (2011). Finally, the proposed approach is discussed in the context of emotion theories, and possible future applications and limitations are provided.

• coherence
• emotion regulation
• frequency
• latent variables
• multivariate
• psychophysiology
• synchrony
• time series

• anxiety
• cardiac response
• electrodermal activity
• motor control
• music

• challenge
• cognitive appraisal
• competition
• familiarity
• testosterone
• threat

This contribution links psychological models of emotion regulation to sociological accounts of emotion work to demonstrate the extent to which emotion regulation is systematically shaped by culture and society. I first discuss a well-established two-factor process model of emotion regulation and argue that a substantial proportion of emotion regulatory goals are derived from emotion norms. In contrast to universal emotion values and hedonic preferences, emotion norms are highly specific to social situations and institutional contexts. This specificity is determined by social cognitive processes of categorization and guided by framing rules. Second, I argue that the possibilities for antecedent-focused regulation, in particular situation selection and modification, are not arbitrarily available to individuals. Instead, they depend on economic, cultural, and social resources. I suggest that the systematic and unequal distribution of these resources in society leads to discernible patterns of emotion and emotion regulation across groups of individuals.

• deep acting
• emotion norms
• emotion regulation
• emotion work
• feeling rules

• Adult
• China
• Choice Behavior
• Decision Making/physiology
• Emotions/physiology
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Language
• Male
• Perception
• Young Adult

Most research investigating the neural basis of social emotions has examined emotions that give rise to negative evaluations of others (e.g. anger, disgust). Emotions triggered by the virtues and excellences of others have been largely ignored. Using fMRI, we investigated the neural basis of two “other-praising" emotions – Moral Elevation (a response to witnessing acts of moral beauty), and Admiration (which we restricted to admiration for physical skill).

Ten participants viewed the same nine video clips. Three clips elicited moral elevation, three elicited admiration, and three were emotionally neutral. We then performed pair-wise voxel-by-voxel correlations of the BOLD signal between individuals for each video clip and a separate resting-state run. We observed a high degree of inter-subject synchronization, regardless of stimulus type, across several brain regions during free-viewing of videos. Videos in the elevation condition evoked significant inter-subject synchronization in brain regions previously implicated in self-referential and interoceptive processes, including the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and insula. The degree of synchronization was highly variable over the course of the videos, with the strongest synchrony occurring during portions of the videos that were independently rated as most emotionally arousing. Synchrony in these same brain regions was not consistently observed during the admiration videos, and was absent for the neutral videos.

Results suggest that the neural systems supporting moral elevation are remarkably consistent across subjects viewing the same emotional content. We demonstrate that model-free techniques such as inter-subject synchronization may be a useful tool for studying complex, context dependent emotions such as self-transcendent emotion.