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Creedon AC, Hubbard V, Gibson R, Dimidi E. Diversity of Plant-Based Food Consumption: A Systematic Scoping Review on Measurement Tools and Associated Health Outcomes. Nutr Rev 2025:nuaf040. [PMID: 40298928 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify studies investigating plant-based food diversity and human health outcomes. Objectives were to (a) explore definition(s) of plant-based foods used, (b) identify assessment tools used to measure plant-based food consumption, (c) characterize the assessment tools and methodology used to measure the diversity of plant-based food consumption, and (d) identify the health outcomes that have been investigated in relation to the diversity of plant-based food consumption, and explore the findings. Consumption of diverse plant-based foods provides a rich source of nutrients and nonnutrient bioactives that are often reported to improve health outcomes. Despite this, there are no standard definitions of plant-based food diversity, there is no consensus on methods of measurement, and there is limited understanding of its associated health benefits. Eligible studies were those investigating the relationship between plant-based food diversity and any health-related or lifestyle outcome, by any study design, in high income countries only. Studies were identified by systematic searches of 2 electronic databases and manual searches of reference lists. No restrictions were applied for language or year of publication. Forty-three studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of the studies were observational in design (38/43; 88%) and included fruits and vegetables only in their definitions of plant-based food diversity (31/43, 72%). Methods of measurement of both plant-based food intake and diversity varied greatly between studies, with only 3 (7%) articles reporting the use of a dedicated tool for assessment of plant-based food diversity in their population of interest. Health outcomes assessed included dietary intake and behavior, cardiometabolic risk factors, socioeconomic determinants of health, and cancer risk. There is a need for a robust definition and standardized assessment tools for plant-based food diversity. Observational studies have found associations between plant-based food diversity and certain health outcomes that warrant investigation in future randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Creedon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Vienna Hubbard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Jiang M, Zhang C. Higher dietary vegetable and fruit intake along with their biomarkers is inversely associated with all-cause mortality among cancer survivors. Nutr Res 2025; 135:141-157. [PMID: 40056790 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/08/2025] [Indexed: 03/10/2025]
Abstract
The association between dietary vegetable and fruit (VF) intake and survival outcomes among cancer survivors remains unclear, with limited research available on the association between VF-related biomarkers and mortality in this population. We hypothesized that there were inverse relationships between dietary VF intake, serum carotenoids, serum vitamin C, composite biomarker score and both all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among cancer survivors. This study analyzed cancer survivors from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2018 cycles for VF intake (n = 4326), and from NHANES III, 2003 to 2006, and 2017 to 2018 cycles for serum carotenoids (n = 2187), serum vitamin C (n = 2267), and composite biomarker score (n = 2131). Weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the associations between exposures and mortality, computing hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. Dietary VF intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.96) over a median follow-up of 6.9 years. For serum biomarkers, higher concentration of total carotenoids (median follow-up: 10.0 years), vitamin C (median follow-up: 9.4 years) and higher composite biomarker score (median follow-up: 10.1 years) were associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.73 (0.58-0.92), 0.73 (0.56-0.95), and 0.73 (0.57-0.95), respectively. Additionally, only vitamin C was linked to cancer-specific mortality, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.55 (0.37-0.81). Higher VF intake and their associated biomarkers are associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality among U.S. cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianmian Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Connolly EL, Liu AH, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Shafaei A, Boyce MC, Wood LG, McCahon L, Koch H, Sim M, Hill CR, Parmenter BH, Bondonno NP, Devine A, Croft KD, Mithen R, Gan SK, Schultz CJ, Woodman RJ, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC. Cruciferous vegetables lower blood pressure in adults with mildly elevated blood pressure in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial: the VEgetableS for vaScular hEaLth (VESSEL) study. BMC Med 2024; 22:353. [PMID: 39218859 PMCID: PMC11367748 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies. The pathways involved remain uncertain. We aimed to determine whether cruciferous vegetable intake (active) lowers 24-h brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary outcome) compared to root and squash vegetables (control) in Australian adults with mildly elevated BP (SBP 120-160 mmHg inclusive). METHODS In this randomized, controlled, crossover trial, participants completed two 2-week dietary interventions separated by a 2-week washout. Cruciferous vegetables were compared to root and squash vegetables (~ 300 g/day) consumed with lunch and dinner meals. Participants were blinded to which interventions were the active and control. Adherence was assessed using food diaries and biomarkers (S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO, active) and carotenoids (control)). Twenty-four-hour brachial ambulatory SBP and secondary outcomes were assessed pre- and post each intervention. Differences were tested using linear mixed effects regression. RESULTS Eighteen participants were recruited (median (IQR) age: 68 (66-70); female: n = 16/18; mean ± SD clinic SBP: 135.9 ± 10.0 mmHg). For both interventions, 72% participants had 100% adherence (IQR: 96.4-100%). SMCSO and carotenoids were significantly different between interventions (mean difference active vs. control SMCSO: 22.93 mg/mL, 95%CI 15.62, 30.23, P < 0.0001; carotenoids: - 0.974 mg/mL, 95%CI - 1.525, - 0.423, P = 0.001). Twenty-four-hour brachial SBP was significantly reduced following the active vs. control (mean difference - 2.5 mmHg, 95%CI - 4.2, - 0.9, P = 0.002; active pre: 126.8 ± 12.6 mmHg, post: 124.4 ± 11.8 mmHg; control pre: 125.5 ± 12.1 mmHg, post: 124.8 ± 13.1 mmHg, n = 17), driven by daytime SBP (mean difference - 3.6 mmHg, 95%CI - 5.4, - 1.7, P < 0.001). Serum triglycerides were significantly lower following the active vs. control (mean difference - 0.2 mmol/L, 95%CI - 0.4, - 0.0, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Increased intake of cruciferous vegetables resulted in reduced SBP compared to root and squash vegetables. Future research is needed to determine whether targeted recommendations for increasing cruciferous vegetable intake benefits population health. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registry ACTRN12619001294145. https://www.anzctr.org.au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Connolly
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alex H Liu
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simone Radavelli-Bagatini
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Mary C Boyce
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, New Lambton Heights, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyn McCahon
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Henrietta Koch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caroline R Hill
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Parmenter
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Devine
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard Mithen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seng Khee Gan
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carl J Schultz
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Oude Griep LM, Frost G, Holmes E, Wareham NJ, Elliott P. Systems Approach to Investigate the Role of Fruit and Vegetable Types on Vascular Function in Pre-Hypertensive Participants: Protocol and Baseline Characteristics of a Randomised Crossover Dietary Intervention. Nutrients 2024; 16:2923. [PMID: 39275238 PMCID: PMC11397325 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The evidence on the impact of fruits and vegetable types on cardiovascular risk factors remains limited. Specifically, the utilisation of biomarkers to objectively measure dietary compliance and metabolic responses is emerging. This protocol and baseline characteristics of a pilot randomised controlled, crossover, dietary intervention study aimed to examine the effects of citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables, or common fruits and vegetables on cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 39 volunteers with untreated prehypertension was recruited and consumed a standardised, provided diet with eight daily portions of citrus fruits and cruciferous vegetables, common fruits and vegetables, or a low fruit and vegetable diet (two portions/d, control diet) in a random order for 2 weeks each, separated by a wash-out week. A targeted cohort-based recruitment strategy was utilised and resulted in 74% of participants recruited by re-contacting preselected individuals from two cohort studies with a 15% average enrolment rate. Participants had an average age of 54.4 years (±6.1 years), BMI of 27.9 kg/m2, and BP of 135/81 mmHg and were mainly male (67%). The primary outcome was office blood pressure; secondary outcomes included arterial stiffness, lipid profiles, inflammation, cognitive function, and subjective mood. Biofluids, i.e., 24 h urine, stool, and blood samples, were collected for biomarker measurements with multiple metabolomic platforms and the gut microbial composition, together with traditional dietary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Oude Griep
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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Mulligan AA, Lentjes MAH, Skinner J, Welch AA. The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its Associations with Biomarkers of Nutrients with Antioxidant Potential, a Biomarker of Inflammation and Multiple Long-Term Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:962. [PMID: 39199208 PMCID: PMC11351935 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to validate the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and assess the cross-sectional associations between the DII® and multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) and biomarker concentrations and MLTCs using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk) study (11,113 men and 13,408 women). The development of MLTCs is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, and ten self-reported conditions were selected for our MLTC score. Data from a validated FFQ were used to calculate energy-adjusted DII® scores. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and circulating vitamins A, C, E, β-carotene and magnesium were available. Micronutrient biomarker concentrations were significantly lower as the diet became more pro-inflammatory (p-trend < 0.001), and hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher in men (p-trend = 0.006). A lower DII® (anti-inflammatory) score was associated with 12-40% higher odds of MLTCs. Lower concentrations of vitamin C and higher concentrations of hs-CRP were associated with higher odds of MLTCs. The majority of the associations in our study between MLTCs, nutritional biomarkers, hs-CRP and the DII® were as expected, indicating that the DII® score has criterion validity. Despite this, a more anti-inflammatory diet was associated with higher odds of MLTCs, which was unexpected. Future studies are required to better understand the associations between MLTCs and the DII®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A. Mulligan
- Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (M.A.H.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Marleen A. H. Lentjes
- Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (M.A.H.L.); (J.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jane Skinner
- Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (M.A.H.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Ailsa A. Welch
- Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (M.A.H.L.); (J.S.)
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Silva AM, Levy J, De Carli E, Cacau LT, de Alvarenga JFR, Benseñor IJM, Lotufo PA, Fiamoncini J, Brennan L, Marchioni DML. Biomarker panels for fruit intake assessment: a metabolomics analysis in the ELSA-Brasil study. Metabolomics 2024; 20:88. [PMID: 39073486 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food intake biomarkers are used to estimate dietary exposure; however, selecting a single biomarker to evaluate a specific dietary component is difficult due to the overlap of diverse compounds from different foods. Therefore, combining two or more biomarkers can increase the sensitivity and specificity of food intake estimates. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the ability of metabolite panels to distinguish between self-reported fruit consumers and non-consumers among participants in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 93 healthy adults of both sexes were selected from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. A 24-h dietary recall was obtained using the computer-assisted 24-h food recall GloboDiet software, and 24-h urine samples were collected from each participant. Metabolites were identified in urine using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry by comparing their exact mass and fragmentation patterns using free-access databases. Multivariate receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to verify the ability of the metabolite combination to classify daily and non-daily fruit consumers. Fruit intake was identified using a 24 h dietary recall (24 h-DR). RESULTS Bananas, grapes, and oranges are included in the summary. The panel of biomarkers exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.6 (Orange AUC = 0.665; Grape AUC = 0.622; Bananas AUC = 0.602; All fruits AUC = 0.679; Citrus AUC = 0.693) and variable importance projection score > 1.0, and these were useful for assessing the sensitivity and predictability of food intake in our population. CONCLUSION A panel of metabolites was able to classify self-reported fruit consumers with strong predictive power and high specificity and sensitivity values except for banana and total fruit intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandro Macedo Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Levy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo De Carli
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Teixeira Cacau
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Rinaldi de Alvarenga
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Cifuentes M, Vahid F, Devaux Y, Bohn T. Biomarkers of food intake and their relevance to metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2024; 15:7271-7304. [PMID: 38904169 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a prevalent risk factor associated with non communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A major factor impacting the etiology of MetS is diet. Dietary patterns and several individual food constituents have been related to the risk of developing MetS or have been proposed as adjuvant treatment. However, traditional methods of dietary assessment such as 24 h recalls rely greatly on intensive user-interaction and are subject to bias. Hence, more objective methods are required for unbiased dietary assessment and efficient prevention. While it is accepted that some dietary-derived constituents in blood plasma are indicators for certain dietary patterns, these may be too unstable (such as vitamin C as a marker for fruits/vegetables) or too broad (e.g. polyphenols for plant-based diets) or reflect too short-term intake only to allow for strong associations with prolonged intake of individual food groups. In the present manuscript, commonly employed biomarkers of intake including those related to specific food items (e.g. genistein for soybean or astaxanthin and EPA for fish intake) and novel emerging ones (e.g. stable isotopes for meat intake or microRNA for plant foods) are emphasized and their suitability as biomarker for food intake discussed. Promising alternatives to plasma measures (e.g. ethyl glucuronide in hair for ethanol intake) are also emphasized. As many biomarkers (i.e. secondary plant metabolites) are not limited to dietary assessment but are also capable of regulating e.g. anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, special attention will be given to biomarkers presenting a double function to assess both dietary patterns and MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cifuentes
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
- Doctoral School in Science and Engineering, University of Luxembourg, 2, Avenue de l'Université, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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Suzuki A, Takachi R, Ishihara J, Maruya S, Ishii Y, Kito K, Nakamura K, Tanaka J, Yamaji T, Iso H, Iwasaki M, Tsugane S, Sawada N. Urinary Biomarkers in Screening for the Usual Intake of Fruit and Vegetables, and Sodium, Potassium, and the Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio: Required Number and Accuracy of Measurements. Nutrients 2024; 16:442. [PMID: 38337726 PMCID: PMC10857367 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of within-individual variation, surveys to estimate an individual's usual food intake must be conducted over many days, in general. Here, using non-invasive biomarkers, we examined the number of measurements required to screen for the usual intake of fruit and vegetables, in addition to sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio. Participants were 202 subjects aged 40-74 years from five areas of Japan who completed weighed food records (WFR) and five 24-hour urinary collections (24-h UCs) between 2012 and 2013. The number of 24-h UCs required to screen for intake that deviated from guidelines estimated by the WFR and their accuracies were assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) in a receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The single urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, and the Na/K ratio showed moderate performance (AUC value: >0.7) in discriminating deviations from their criteria by respective intake based on the WFR. Urinary potassium excretion also showed moderate performance (AUC value: >0.7) in estimating the intake of vegetables but could not be used to estimate fruit intake even after five collections. The non-invasive measurement of biomarkers in a single 24-h UC showed moderate performance in screening the usual intake of vegetables, as measured based on the 12-day WFR, as well as of sodium, potassium, and the Na/K ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Suzuki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Kitauoyahigashimachi, Nara-shi 630-8506, Nara, Japan; (A.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Ribeka Takachi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Kitauoyahigashimachi, Nara-shi 630-8506, Nara, Japan; (A.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Junko Ishihara
- Graduate School of Environmental Health, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Maruya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Kitauoyahigashimachi, Nara-shi 630-8506, Nara, Japan; (A.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuri Ishii
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.I.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Kumiko Kito
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.I.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Junta Tanaka
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.I.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.I.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-1-26 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8402, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.I.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
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Rosell M, Fadnes LT. Vegetables, fruits, and berries - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10455. [PMID: 38327994 PMCID: PMC10845895 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vegetables, fruits, and berries comprise a large variety of foods and are recognised to play an important role in preventing chronic diseases. Many observational studies have been published during the last decade, and the aim of this scoping review is to describe the overall evidence for the role of vegetables, fruits, and berries for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines. A scoping review was conducted according to the protocol developed within the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project. Current available evidence strengthens the role of consuming vegetables, fruits, and berries in preventing chronic diseases. The most robust evidence is found for cancer in the gastric system and lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Steeper risk reductions are generally seen at the lower intake ranges, but further reductions have been seen for higher intakes for cardiovascular disease. Weaker associations are seen for type 2 diabetes. There is evidence that suggests a beneficial role also for outcomes such as osteoporosis, depression, cognitive disorders, and frailty in the elderly. The observed associations are supported by several mechanisms, indicting causal effects. Some subgroups of vegetables, fruits, and berries may have greater benefits than other subgroups, supporting a recommendation to consume a variety of these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rosell
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars T. Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Caparello G, Groccia GD, Ceraudo F, Cesario M, Bonofiglio R, Augimeri G, Bonofiglio D. Association between Skin Carotenoid Score Measured with Veggie Meter ® and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Adolescents from Southern Italy. Nutrients 2023; 15:4920. [PMID: 38068778 PMCID: PMC10707776 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Veggie Meter® (Longevity Link Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA), is a new portable device for the non-invasive and rapid detection of skin carotenoid content, which represents an acceptable biomarker for the evaluation of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. FVs are important components of a healthy diet, including the Mediterranean Diet (MD), which is a plant-based dietary pattern. Here, we evaluated the adherence to the MD via the administration of two online food questionnaires, and we measured the skin carotenoid content using the Veggie Meter® in a cohort of 498 healthy adolescents (233 males and 265 females) from Southern Italy. Using KIDMED and the MD Pyramid tests to assess the adherence to the MD, we found an average adherence (5.43 ± 2.57 and 7.20 ± 1.93, respectively) to the MD in our sample population. Moreover, we observed that the skin carotenoid score was 364.75 ± 98.29, which was within the normal range and inversely related to the BMI (r = -0.1461, p = 0.0011). Similar results were observed when the population was categorized by sex. Interestingly, we demonstrated, for the first time, a positive correlation between the carotenoid score and the adherence to the MD assessed using both the KIDMED and MD Pyramid tests in the total population (r = -0.2926, p < 0.0001 and r = -0.1882, p < 0.0001, respectively). The same direct correlation was found in adolescents according to their sex. Our findings highlight the potential of the Veggie Meter® as a feasible and promising tool for evaluating adherence to the MD and, ultimately, to promote healthy eating habits among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Caparello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.G.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Giovanni Dongionny Groccia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.G.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Fabrizio Ceraudo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.G.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Mirko Cesario
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.G.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Renzo Bonofiglio
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Kidney and Transplantation” Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.G.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.G.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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11
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Vahid F, Rahmani W, Davoodi SH, Bohn T. The micronutrient content of the diet is correlated with serum glucose biomarkers and lipid profile and is associated with the odds of being overweight/obese-a case-control study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1148183. [PMID: 37457985 PMCID: PMC10338876 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1148183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A low micronutrient intake has been reported to contribute to the double-burden of obesity, increasing the risk for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and mental disorders. This case-control study compared micronutrient intake profiles in overweight/obese vs. normal-weight individuals. We hypothesized that a low intake of certain micronutrients would increase the odds of being overweight/obese. Methods The case group (n = 812 adults) consisted of individuals with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2, and the control group (n = 793) had BMIs of 17.9-24.9 kg/m2. A validated 124-item food frequency questionnaire was used to determine micronutrient-related dietary-quality, using the index of nutritional quality (INQ), calculated as the fraction of a micronutrient consumed vs. its dietary requirement. In addition, body surface area (BSA) was calculated according to the Mosteller formula. Results The control group had significantly higher INQ-scores of vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and selenium compared to the case group. Furthermore, individuals with normal BSA (≤1.91 m2 for men; ≤1.71 m2 for women) had significantly higher INQ scores of vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to participants with high BSA. In multivariable adjustment regression models, INQs of vitamin C (ORBMI = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.64-0.97; ORBSA = 0.81, 95%CI, 0.68-0.97) and magnesium (ORBMI = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.47-0.99; ORBSA = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.52-0.97) were significantly associated with the odds of obesity/overweight (in both BMI and BSA categories). Conclusion The significant association between micronutrient levels of the diet, especially of vitamin C and magnesium, with both obesity criteria, emphasized the importance of certain micronutrients in the obesity/overweight causal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Wena Rahmani
- Nutrition Group, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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12
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Hotea I, Sirbu C, Plotuna AM, Tîrziu E, Badea C, Berbecea A, Dragomirescu M, Radulov I. Integrating (Nutri-)Metabolomics into the One Health Tendency-The Key for Personalized Medicine Advancement. Metabolites 2023; 13:800. [PMID: 37512507 PMCID: PMC10384896 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is an advanced technology, still under development, with multiple research applications, especially in the field of health. Individual metabolic profiles, the functionality of the body, as well as its interaction with the environment, can be established using this technology. The body's response to various external factors, including the food consumed and the nutrients it contains, has increased researchers' interest in nutrimetabolomics. Establishing correlations between diet and the occurrence of various diseases, or even the development of personalized nutrition plans, could contribute to advances in precision medicine. The interdependence between humans, animals, and the environment is of particular importance today, with the dramatic emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases, food, water and soil contamination, and the degradation of resources and habitats. All these events have led to an increase in risk factors for functional diseases, burdening global health. Thus, this study aimed to highlight the importance of metabolomics, and, in particular, nutrimetabolomics, as a technical solution for a holistic, collaborative, and precise approach for the advancement of the One Health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Hotea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Sirbu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Plotuna
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emil Tîrziu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Badea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adina Berbecea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Dragomirescu
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
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13
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Disentangling the Complexity of Nutrition, Frailty and Gut Microbial Pathways during Aging: A Focus on Hippuric Acid. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051138. [PMID: 36904138 PMCID: PMC10005077 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippuric acid (HA) is a metabolite resulting from the hepatic glycine conjugation of benzoic acid (BA) or from the gut bacterial metabolism of phenylalanine. BA is generally produced by gut microbial metabolic pathways after the ingestion of foods of vegetal origin rich in polyphenolic compounds, namely, chlorogenic acids or epicatechins. It can also be present in foods, either naturally or artificially added as a preservative. The plasma and urine HA levels have been used in nutritional research for estimating the habitual fruit and vegetable intake, especially in children and in patients with metabolic diseases. HA has also been proposed as a biomarker of aging, since its levels in the plasma and urine can be influenced by the presence of several age-related conditions, including frailty, sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. Subjects with physical frailty generally exhibit reduced plasma and urine levels of HA, despite the fact that HA excretion tends to increase with aging. Conversely, subjects with chronic kidney disease exhibit reduced HA clearance, with HA retention that may exert toxic effects on the circulation, brain and kidneys. With regard to older patients with frailty and multimorbidity, interpreting the HA levels in the plasma and urine may result particularly challenging because HA is at the crossroads between diet, gut microbiota, liver and kidney function. Although these considerations may not make HA the ideal biomarker of aging trajectories, the study of its metabolism and clearance in older subjects may provide valuable information for disentangling the complex interaction between diet, gut microbiota, frailty and multimorbidity.
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Woodside JV, Nugent AP, Moore RE, McKinley MC. Fruit and vegetable consumption as a preventative strategy for non-communicable diseases. Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36785878 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A high intake of fruit and vegetables (FV) has consistently been associated with a reduced risk of a number of non-communicable diseases. This evidence base is largely from prospective cohort studies, with meta-analyses demonstrating an association between increased FV intake and reduced risk of both CHD and stroke, although the evidence is less certain for cancer and diabetes. Controlled intervention trials examining either clinical or intermediate risk factor endpoints are more scarce. Therefore, evidence that FV consumption reduces the risk of disease is so far largely confined to observational epidemiology, which is hampered by some methodological uncertainties. Although increased FV intake is promoted across all dietary guidelines, national surveys confirm that dietary intakes are suboptimal and are not increasing over time. A range of barriers to increasing FV intake exist, including economic, physical and behavioural barriers that must be considered when exploring potential opportunities to change this, considering the feasibility of different approaches to encourage increased FV consumption. Such interventions must include consideration of context, for example, challenges and uncertainties which exist with the whole food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Institute for Clinical Science A, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - A P Nugent
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - R E Moore
- Centre for Public Health, Institute for Clinical Science A, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - M C McKinley
- Centre for Public Health, Institute for Clinical Science A, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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15
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Is vitamin C a booster of the effects of dietary nitrate on endothelial function? Physiologic rationale and implications for research. Nutrition 2023; 109:111995. [PMID: 36917872 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early marker of vascular damage linked to the loss of integrity of the endothelial lining and represents a key step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). ED may be reversible, hence the development and testing of effective early interventions could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Recent studies have demonstrated that the consumption of dietary nitrate (NO3-), an inorganic anion that serves as a substrate for the gas transmitter nitric oxide (NO), can lower blood pressure, improve endothelial function and, in observational studies, reduce the risk for CVD. We hypothesize that the co-consumption of NO3- with vitamin C, which is a potent antioxidant, could enhance the "yield" of NO produced from a given NO3- dose byThis could translate into greater NO-dependent effects on endothelial function (EF) and overall vascular health (than may be experienced with NO3- supplementation alone). This review presents evidence to suggest that the combination of vitamin C and dietary nitrate could represent a promising and effective approach to improve EF and reduce CVD risk, and discuss opportunities for future research.
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16
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Shinn LM, Mansharamani A, Baer DJ, Novotny JA, Charron CS, Khan NA, Zhu R, Holscher HD. Fecal Metabolites as Biomarkers for Predicting Food Intake by Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2023; 152:2956-2965. [PMID: 36040343 PMCID: PMC9840004 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fecal metabolome is affected by diet and includes metabolites generated by human and microbial metabolism. Advances in -omics technologies and analytic approaches have allowed researchers to identify metabolites and better utilize large data sets to generate usable information. One promising aspect of these advancements is the ability to determine objective biomarkers of food intake. OBJECTIVES We aimed to utilize a multivariate, machine learning approach to identify metabolite biomarkers that accurately predict food intake. METHODS Data were aggregated from 5 controlled feeding studies in adults that tested the impact of specific foods (almonds, avocados, broccoli, walnuts, barley, and oats) on the gastrointestinal microbiota. Fecal samples underwent GC-MS metabolomic analysis; 344 metabolites were detected in preintervention samples, whereas 307 metabolites were detected postintervention. After removing metabolites that were only detected in either pre- or postintervention and those undetectable in ≥80% of samples in all study groups, changes in 96 metabolites relative concentrations (treatment postintervention minus preintervention) were utilized in random forest models to 1) examine the relation between food consumption and fecal metabolome changes and 2) rank the fecal metabolites by their predictive power (i.e., feature importance score). RESULTS Using the change in relative concentration of 96 fecal metabolites, 6 single-food random forest models for almond, avocado, broccoli, walnuts, whole-grain barley, and whole-grain oats revealed prediction accuracies between 47% and 89%. When comparing foods with one another, almond intake was differentiated from walnut intake with 91% classification accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal promise in utilizing fecal metabolites as objective complements to certain self-reported food intake estimates. Future research on other foods at different doses and dietary patterns is needed to identify biomarkers that can be applied in feeding study compliance and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Shinn
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aditya Mansharamani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David J Baer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Craig S Charron
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ruoqing Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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17
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Radtke MD, Chodur GM, Bissell MCS, Kemp LC, Medici V, Steinberg FM, Scherr RE. Validation of Diet ID™ in Predicting Nutrient Intake Compared to Dietary Recalls, Skin Carotenoid Scores, and Plasma Carotenoids in University Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020409. [PMID: 36678280 PMCID: PMC9865232 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Collecting accurate dietary information in the research setting is challenging due to the inherent biases, duration, and resource-intensive nature of traditional data collection methods. Diet ID™ is a novel, rapid assessment method that uses an image-based algorithm to identify dietary patterns and estimate nutrient intake. The purpose of this analysis was to explore the criterion validity between Diet ID™ and additional measures of dietary intake. Methods: This prospective cohort study (n = 42) collected dietary information using Diet ID™, the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR), plasma carotenoid concentrations, and the Veggie Meter® to estimate carotenoid levels in the skin. Results: There were significant correlations between Diet ID™ and NDSR for diet quality, calories, carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and cholesterol. Vitamin A and carotenoid intake were significantly correlated, with the exception of α-carotene and lycopene. Significant correlations were observed for calcium, folate, iron, sodium, potassium, Vitamins B2, B3, B6, C, and E. Skin carotenoid scores and plasma carotenoids were correlated with carotenoid intake from Diet ID™. Conclusions: Diet ID™ may be a useful tool in nutrition research as a less time-intensive and minimally burdensome dietary data collection method for both participants and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D. Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gwen M. Chodur
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael C. S. Bissell
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leslie C. Kemp
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Rachel E. Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Murphy CH, Duggan E, Davis J, O'Halloran AM, Knight SP, Kenny RA, McCarthy SN, Romero-Ortuno R. Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations associated with musculoskeletal health and incident frailty in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112013. [PMID: 36336250 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lutein and zeaxanthin are diet-derived carotenoids that are proposed to help mitigate frailty risk and age-related declines in musculoskeletal health via their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between lutein and zeaxanthin status and indices of musculoskeletal health and incident frailty among community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). METHODS Cross-sectional analyses (n = 4513) of plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations and grip strength, usual gait speed, timed up-and-go (TUG), probable sarcopenia (defined as grip strength <27 kg in men, <16 kg in women), and bone mass (assessed using calcaneal broadband ultrasound stiffness index) were performed at Wave 1 (2009-2011; baseline). In the longitudinal analyses (n = 1425-3100), changes in usual gait speed (at Wave 3, 2014-2015), grip strength (Wave 4, 2016) and TUG (at Wave 5, 2018), incident probable sarcopenia (at Wave 4) and incident frailty (Fried's phenotype, Frailty Index, FRAIL Scale, Clinical Frailty Scale-classification tree, at Wave 5) were determined. Data were analysed using linear and ordinal logistic regression, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were positively associated with usual gait speed (B [95 % CI] per 100-nmol/L higher concentration: Lutein 0.59 [0.18, 1.00], Zeaxanthin 1.46 [0.37, 2.55] cm/s) and inversely associated with TUG time (Lutein -0.07 [-0.11, -0.03], Zeaxanthin -0.14 [-0.25, -0.04] s; all p < 0.01), but not with grip strength or probable sarcopenia (p > 0.05). Plasma lutein concentration was positively associated with bone stiffness index (0.54 [0.15, 0.93], p < 0.01). Longitudinally, among participants who were non-frail at Wave 1, higher plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were associated lower odds of progressing to a higher frailty category (e.g. prefrailty or frailty) by Wave 5 (ORs 0.57-0.89, p < 0.05) based on the Fried's phenotype, FRAIL Scale and the Clinical Frailty Scale, and in the case of zeaxanthin, Frailty Index. Neither plasma lutein nor zeaxanthin concentrations were associated with changes in musculoskeletal indices or incident probable sarcopenia (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations at baseline were associated with a reduced likelihood of incident frailty after ~8 years of follow up. Baseline plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were also positively associated with several indices of musculoskeletal health cross-sectionally but were not predictive of longitudinal changes in these outcomes over 4-8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoileann H Murphy
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eoin Duggan
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Davis
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling M O'Halloran
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvin P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Roman Romero-Ortuno
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Yu EYW, Ren Z, Mehrkanoon S, Stehouwer CDA, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Eussen SJPM, Zeegers MP, Wesselius A. Plasma metabolomic profiling of dietary patterns associated with glucose metabolism status: The Maastricht Study. BMC Med 2022; 20:450. [PMID: 36414942 PMCID: PMC9682653 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose metabolism has been reported to be affected by dietary patterns, while the underlying mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential mediation role of circulating metabolites in relation to dietary patterns for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Data was derived from The Maastricht Study that comprised of 3441 participants (mean age of 60 years) with 28% type 2 diabetes patients by design. Dietary patterns were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the glucose metabolism status (GMS) was defined according to WHO guidelines. Both cross-sectional and prospective analyses were performed for the circulating metabolome to investigate their associations and mediations with responses to dietary patterns and GMS. RESULTS Among 226 eligible metabolite measures obtained from targeted metabolomics, 14 were identified to be associated and mediated with three dietary patterns (i.e. Mediterranean Diet (MED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet (DASH), and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD)) and overall GMS. Of these, the mediation effects of 5 metabolite measures were consistent for all three dietary patterns and GMS. Based on a 7-year follow-up, a decreased risk for apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.55, 0.65; RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83, 0.97, respectively) but an increased risk for ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05, 1.43) of type 2 diabetes were observed from prediabetes, while APOA1 showed a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes from normal glucose metabolism (NGM; RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75, 0.89). CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study suggests that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (i.e. MED, DASH, or DHD) could affect the GMS through circulating metabolites, which provides novel insights into understanding the biological mechanisms of diet on glucose metabolism and leads to facilitating prevention strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yi-Wen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhewen Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Siamak Mehrkanoon
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229HX, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229HX, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.564), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands. .,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.564), Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
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20
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Vadiveloo MK, Landry MJ, Gardner CD. The quest to advance assessment of dietary intake: metabolomic meat markers. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:295-296. [PMID: 35731849 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maya K Vadiveloo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Matthew J Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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21
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TAKEUCHI J, KUSUNOKI T, MORIMOTO T. Association of Skin Carotenoid Score and Food Intake among School Children: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:127-130. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro TAKEUCHI
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Takashi KUSUNOKI
- Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University
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22
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Ortea I. Foodomics in health: advanced techniques for studying the bioactive role of foods. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Mårup FH, Peters CD, Christensen JH, Birn H. Can patiromer allow for intensified renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade with losartan and spironolactone leading to decreased albuminuria in patients with chronic kidney disease, albuminuria and hyperkalaemia? An open-label randomised controlled trial: MorphCKD. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057503. [PMID: 35190442 PMCID: PMC8862471 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. No specific treatment of the underlying condition is available for the majority of patients, but ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin II-receptor blockers (ARB) slows progression in albuminuric CKD. Adding a mineralocorticoid receptor-antagonist (MRA) like spironolactone has an additive effect. However, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)-blockade increases the risk of hyperkalaemia which is exacerbated by the presence of CKD. Thus, hyperkalaemia may prevent optimal use of RAAS-blockade in some patients.This project hypothesises that adding a potassium binder (patiromer) allows for improved RAAS-blockade including the use of MRA, thereby reducing albuminuria in patients with albuminuric CKD where full treatment is limited by hyperkalaemia.If successful, the study may lead to improved treatment of this subgroup of patients with CKD. Furthermore, the study will examine the feasibility of potassium binders in patients with CKD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An open-label, randomised controlled trial including 140 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25-60 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) >500 mg/g (or 200 mg/g if diabetes mellitus) and a current or two previous plasma-potassium >4.5 mmol/L. Patients who develop hyperkaliaemia >5.5 mmol/L during a run-in phase, in which RAAS-blockade is intesified with the possible addition of spironolactone, are randomised to 12-month treatment with maximal tolerated ACE-I/ARB and spironolactone with or without patiromer.The primary endpoint is the difference in UACR measured at randomisation and 12 months compared between the two groups. Secondary endpoints include CKD progression, episodes of hyperkalaemia, blood pressure, eGFR, markers of cardiovascular disease, diet and quality of life. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by The Central Denmark Region Committees on Health Research Ethics (REFNO 1-10-72-110-20) and is registered in the EudraCT database (REFNO 2020-001595-15). Results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals, at meetings and at international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Husum Mårup
- Dept. of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Dept. of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Daugaard Peters
- Dept. of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Midtjylland, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Hagstrup Christensen
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, North Denmark Region, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birn
- Dept. of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Dept. of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Moran NE, Wu Q, Harnack L, Craft NE, Hanchard N, Bell R, Moe SG, Johnson N, Obasohan J, Carr-Manthe PL, Laska MN. Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy Criterion Validity as a Biomarker of Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A 2-Site Cross-Sectional Study of 4 Racial or Ethnic Groups. J Nutr 2022; 152:107-116. [PMID: 34562088 PMCID: PMC8754514 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake are needed for field-based nutrition research. OBJECTIVES To examine criterion-related validity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy as a proxy measure of FV intake, using plasma carotenoids and self-reported FV and carotenoid intake as primary and secondary criterion measures, respectively. METHODS Healthy adults 18-65 y of age, self-identifying as African American/black (n = 61), Asian (n = 53), white (n = 70), or Hispanic (n = 29), in North Carolina and Minnesota were recruited. Skin carotenoids were assessed via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), skin melanin via spectrophotometer, and total plasma carotenoid concentration by HPLC-photodiode array detection. Self-reported carotenoid and FV intake was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ. Relations between skin carotenoids, plasma carotenoids, FV, and carotenoid intake, with differences by race or ethnicity, age, sex, weight status, cholesterol, and melanin index, were examined by bivariate correlations and adjusted multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS The overall unadjusted correlation between skin and total plasma carotenoids was r = 0.71 and ranged from 0.64 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.80 (Hispanic). Correlations between skin carotenoids and self-reported FV intake ranged from 0.24 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.53 (non-Hispanic white), with an overall correlation of r = 0.35. In models adjusted for age, sex, racial or ethnic group, and BMI, skin carotenoids were associated with plasma carotenoids (R2 = 0.55), FV (R2 = 0.17), and carotenoid intake (R2 = 0.20). For both plasma carotenoid and FV measures, associations with skin carotenoids did not vary by race, but these relations did differ by skin melanin-those with lower melanin had a lower correlation between skin and plasma carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Reflection spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids may be a reasonable alternative to measurement of plasma carotenoids, a biomarker used to approximate FV intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC,
USA
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Neil Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronny Bell
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stacey G Moe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nevin Johnson
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Justice Obasohan
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela L Carr-Manthe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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25
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FENG D, LIN J, CAI J, CHEN X, YE H. Can we reduce the interference of vitamin C and PH in urinalysis? FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.37321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huiming YE
- Xiamen University, China; Xiamen University, China
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26
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Siervo M, Shannon OM, Llewellyn DJ, Stephan BC, Fontana L. Mediterranean diet and cognitive function: From methodology to mechanisms of action. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:105-117. [PMID: 34562607 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), rich in minimally processed plant foods and fish, has been widely recognized to be one of the healthiest diets. Data from multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated its powerful effect against oxidative stress, inflammation and the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic conditions that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The protecting effects of the MedDiet against cognitive decline have been investigated in several observational and experimental studies. Data from observational studies suggest that the MedDiet may represent an effective dietary strategy for the early prevention of dementia, although these findings require further substantiation in clinical trials which have so far produced inconclusive results. Moreover, as we discuss in this review, accumulating data emphasizes the importance of: 1) maintaining an optimal nutritional and metabolic status for the promotion of healthy cognitive aging, and 2) implementing cognition-sparing dietary and lifestyle interventions during early time-sensitive windows before the pathological cascades turn into an irreversible state. In summary, components of the MedDiet pattern, such as essential fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamins, have been associated with reduced oxidative stress and the current evidence from observational studies seems to assign to the MedDiet a beneficial role in promoting brain health; however, results from clinical trials have been inconsistent. While we advocate for longitudinal analyses and for larger and longer clinical trials to be conducted, we assert our interim support to the use of the MedDiet as a protective dietary intervention for cognitive function based on its proven cardiovascular and metabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David J Llewellyn
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK; Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Blossom Cm Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
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27
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Rocha ACL, Bortoletto MC, da Costa AC, Oyafuso LKM, Sanudo A, Tomita LY. Low serum lycopene, and adequate α-tocopherol levels in patients with psoriasis: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Health 2021; 28:239-248. [PMID: 33960217 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211014127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease. It affects skin and joints, characterized by abnormal hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. The worldwide prevalence of psoriasis ranges from 2% to 4%. Environmental factors as smoking, alcohol consumption obesity can also work as triggers. During the inflammatory process, there is an exacerbated formation of free radicals and antioxidants are required to maintain redox balance. AIM Assess antioxidant profiles. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between August/2012 and March/2014. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and biochemical measurements, dietary intake, serum lycopene and α-tocopherol, psoriasis severity according to Psoriasis Area and Severity Index were obtained. Comparisons between serum lycopene and α-tocopherol distributions according to variables were conducted using a one-way analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate factors associated with serum antioxidants. RESULTS 81 participants (56% female, 62% non-white), 34% without psoriatic lesions, 51% diagnosed with mild psoriasis, and 15% with moderate psoriasis. Median (IQR) age of 54 (41, 62) years, 10 (4, 11) years of education, 17% smokers, 46% overweight and 25% obesity. In total, 72% did not reach the daily recommendation of fruit and vegetable intake. Serum lycopene and α-tocopherol were 0.2 (0.1-0.3) µmol/L and 22.5 (18.5-25.6) µmol/L, respectively. Only 14% presented adequate concentration of lycopene, but adequate α-tocopherol level was observed among 88%. CONCLUSIONS Patients reported a diet low in vegetables and fruits and rich in ultra-processed foods and fatty acids. Adequate circulating α-tocopherol but low serum lycopene, was observed among patients. A linear trend was observed for lycopene according to the severity of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C L Rocha
- Departament of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Sanudo
- Departament of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Y Tomita
- Departament of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Landberg R. Does Simplified Estimation of Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake Pave the Way for Accurate Biomarkers of the Same? J Nutr 2021; 151:751-752. [PMID: 33693768 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Owen EJ, Patel S, Flannery O, Dew TP, O'Connor LM. Derivation and Validation of a Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake Prediction Model to Identify Targets for Biomarker Discovery Using the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. J Nutr 2021; 151:962-969. [PMID: 33484153 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary assessments in research and clinical settings are largely reliant on self-reported questionnaires. It is acknowledged that these are subject to measurement error and biases and that objective approaches would be beneficial. Dietary biomarkers have been purported as a complementary approach to improve the accuracy of dietary assessments. Tentative biomarkers have been identified for many individual fruits and vegetables (FVs), but an objective total FV intake assessment tool has not been established. OBJECTIVES To derive and validate a prediction model of total FV intake (TFVpred) to inform future biomarker studies. METHODS Data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) were used for this analysis. A modeling group (MG) consisting of participants aged >11 years from the NDNS years 5-6 was created (n = 1746). Intake data for 96 FVs were analyzed by stepwise regression to derive a model that satisfied 3 selection criteria: SEE ≤80, R2 >0.7, and ≤10 predictors. The TFVpred model was validated using comparative data from a validation group (VG) created from the NDNS years 7-8 (n = 1865). Pearson's correlation coefficients were assessed between observed and predicted values in the MG and VG. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between TFVpred estimates and total FV intake. RESULTS A TFVpred model, comprised of tomatoes, apples, carrots, bananas, pears, strawberries, and onions, satisfied the selection criteria (R2 = 0.761; SEE = 78.81). Observed and predicted total FV intake values were positively correlated in the MG (r = 0.872; P < 0.001; R2 = 0.761) and the VG (r = 0.838; P < 0.001; R2 = 0.702). In the MG and VG, 95.0% and 94.9%, respectively, of TFVpred model residuals were within the limits of agreement. CONCLUSIONS Intakes of a concise FV list can be used to predict total FV intakes in a UK population. The individual FVs included in the TFVpred model present targets for biomarker discovery aimed at objectively assessing total FV intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Owen
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Sumaiya Patel
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Orla Flannery
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan P Dew
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M O'Connor
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Brauchla M, Dekker MJ, Rehm CD. Trends in Vitamin C Consumption in the United States: 1999-2018. Nutrients 2021; 13:420. [PMID: 33525516 PMCID: PMC7911690 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intakes of fruits and vegetables have resulted in suboptimal intakes of several micronutrients, including vitamin C. This cross-sectional study used data from 84,902 children/adults (≥1 y) who completed a 24-h dietary recall as part of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018). Mean vitamin C intakes from foods/beverages were calculated as were trends in major food/beverage sources of vitamin C. Percentages below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were estimated. Overall, mean vitamin C consumption declined by 23% (97-75 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). 100% fruit juice was the leading source of vitamin C (25.6% of total or 21.7mg/d), but this declined by 48% (25-13 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). Whole fruit increased among children/adolescents (+75.8%;10-17 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001), but not adults, while the vegetable contribution was generally unchanged. The proportion of the population below the EAR increased by 23.8% on a relative scale or 9 percentage points on an absolute scale (38.3-47.4%). Declines in vitamin C intake is driven largely by decreases in fruit juice coupled with modest increases in whole fruit. Due to associations between vitamin C intake and numerous health outcomes these trends warrant careful monitoring moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Colin D. Rehm
- PepsiCo, 700 Anderson Hill Road, Purchase, NY 10577, USA; (M.B.); (M.J.D.)
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31
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Townsend MS, Shilts MK, Lanoue L, Drake C, Rios LKD, Styne DM, Keim NL, Ontai L. Obesity Risk Assessment Tool for Low-Income Spanish Speaking Immigrant Parents with Young Children: Validity with BMI and Biomarkers of Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3582. [PMID: 33266497 PMCID: PMC7700341 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Children of Hispanic origin bear a high risk of obesity. Child weight gain trajectories are influenced by the family environment, including parent feeding practices. Excessive body fat can result in unhealthful metabolic and lipid profiles and increased risk of metabolic diseases. The objective was to estimate criterion validity of an obesity risk assessment tool targeting Spanish-speaking families of Mexican origin using anthropometric measures and blood values of their young children. A cross-sectional study design with five data collection sessions was conducted over an eight-week period and involved 206 parent/child dyads recruited at Head Start and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children in Northern California. Main outcome measures were criterion validity of Niños Sanos, a pediatric obesity risk assessment tool, using anthropometric measures and blood biomarkers. Niños Sanos scores were inversely related to child BMI-for-age percentiles (p = 0.02), waist-for-height ratios (p = 0.05) and inversely related to blood biomarkers for the metabolic index (p = 0.03) and lipid index (p = 0.05) and positively related to anti-inflammatory index (p = 0.047). Overall, children with higher Niños Sanos scores had more healthful lipid, metabolic and inflammatory profiles, as well as lower BMI-for-age percentiles and waist-to height ratios, providing evidence for the criterion validity of the tool. Niños Sanos can be used by child obesity researchers, by counselors and medical professionals during clinic visits as a screening tool and by educators as a tool to set goals for behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mical K. Shilts
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Nutrition, Food & Dietetics Program, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA;
| | - Louise Lanoue
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Christiana Drake
- Department of Statistics, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - L. Karina Díaz Rios
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Public Health Department, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA;
| | - Dennis M. Styne
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Lenna Ontai
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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Hurtado-Barroso S, Trius-Soler M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Zamora-Ros R. Vegetable and Fruit Consumption and Prognosis Among Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1569-1582. [PMID: 32717747 PMCID: PMC7666913 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer survivors is growing rapidly worldwide, especially long-term survivors. Although a healthy diet with a high vegetable and fruit consumption is a key factor in primary cancer prevention, there is a lack of specific dietary recommendations for cancer survivors, except in the case of breast cancer [World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) report]. We have therefore carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies reporting on the associations between vegetable and fruit intake with cancer recurrence and mortality and all-cause mortality in cancer patients. After a comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus databases, the results of 28 selected articles were analyzed. A high vegetable intake before diagnosis was inversely associated with overall mortality in survivors of head and neck (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.87) and ovarian cancer (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.91). In ovarian cancer patients, prediagnosis fruit intake was also inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.96). The evidence was insufficient for survivors of other cancers, although these associations generally tended to be protective. Therefore, more studies are needed to clarify the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and the prognosis of these different types of cancer. To date, the general recommendation to consume ≥5 servings of vegetables and fruit per day (∼400 g/d) could underestimate the needs of cancer survivors, particularly those with ovarian tumors, in which the recommendation could increase to ∼600 g/d (i.e., 300 g/d of vegetables and 300 g/d of fruit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute at the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute at the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute at the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute at the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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Thomas A, Baillet M, Proust-Lima C, Féart C, Foubert-Samier A, Helmer C, Catheline G, Samieri C. Blood polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, brain atrophy, cognitive decline, and dementia risk. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 17:407-416. [PMID: 33090665 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We searched for consistent associations of an omega-3 index in plasma (sum of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) with several dementia-related outcomes in a large cohort of older adults. METHODS We included 1279 participants from the Three-City study, non-demented at the time of blood measurements at baseline, with face-to-face neuropsychological assessment and systematic detection of incident dementia over a 17-year follow-up. An ancillary study included 467 participants with up to three repeated brain imaging exams over 10 years. RESULTS In multivariable models, higher levels of plasma EPA+DHA were consistently associated with a lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio for 1 standard deviation = 0.87 [95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.98]), and a lower decline in global cognition (P = .04 for change over time), memory (P = .06), and medial temporal lobe volume (P = .02). DISCUSSION This prospective study provides compelling evidence for a relationship between long-chain omega-3 fatty acids levels and lower risks for dementia and related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Thomas
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Marion Baillet
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | | | - Catherine Féart
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Alexandra Foubert-Samier
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux Univ. Hospital, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | | | - Gwénaëlle Catheline
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR5287, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
- Laboratoire Neuroimagerie et vie quotidienne, EPHE-PSL, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
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Shinn LM, Li Y, Mansharamani A, Auvil LS, Welge ME, Bushell C, Khan NA, Charron CS, Novotny JA, Baer DJ, Zhu R, Holscher HD. Fecal Bacteria as Biomarkers for Predicting Food Intake in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2020; 151:423-433. [PMID: 33021315 PMCID: PMC7849973 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet affects the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Blood and urine samples have been used to determine nutritional biomarkers. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on the utility of fecal biomarkers, including microbes, as biomarkers of food intake. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify a compact set of fecal microbial biomarkers of food intake with high predictive accuracy. METHODS Data were aggregated from 5 controlled feeding studies in metabolically healthy adults (n = 285; 21-75 y; BMI 19-59 kg/m2; 340 data observations) that studied the impact of specific foods (almonds, avocados, broccoli, walnuts, and whole-grain barley and whole-grain oats) on the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Fecal DNA was sequenced using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Marginal screening was performed on all species-level taxa to examine the differences between the 6 foods and their respective controls. The top 20 species were selected and pooled together to predict study food consumption using a random forest model and out-of-bag estimation. The number of taxa was further decreased based on variable importance scores to determine the most compact, yet accurate feature set. RESULTS Using the change in relative abundance of the 22 taxa remaining after feature selection, the overall model classification accuracy of all 6 foods was 70%. Collapsing barley and oats into 1 grains category increased the model accuracy to 77% with 23 unique taxa. Overall model accuracy was 85% using 15 unique taxa when classifying almonds (76% accurate), avocados (88% accurate), walnuts (72% accurate), and whole grains (96% accurate). Additional statistical validation was conducted to confirm that the model was predictive of specific food intake and not the studies themselves. CONCLUSIONS Food consumption by healthy adults can be predicted using fecal bacteria as biomarkers. The fecal microbiota may provide useful fidelity measures to ascertain nutrition study compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Shinn
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aditya Mansharamani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Loretta S Auvil
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael E Welge
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - Colleen Bushell
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Craig S Charron
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - David J Baer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Aucoin M, LaChance L, Clouthier SN, Cooley K. Dietary modification in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review. World J Psychiatry 2020; 10:187-201. [PMID: 32874956 PMCID: PMC7439299 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v10.i8.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia spectrum disorders impact functioning, reduce quality of life and increase the risk of physical illness and premature mortality. Nutritional intervention studies aimed at decreasing body weight have demonstrated efficacy in improving metabolic outcomes; however, few studies have explored the impact of interventions designed to modify diet on mental health outcomes.
AIM To synthesize the existing experimental studies of adjunctive diet modification as an intervention in the treatment of psychotic disorders, analyze findings related to effectiveness and safety, highlight knowledge gaps and limitations, and set forward recommendations for future research studies.
METHODS An extensive a priori search strategy was developed and the databases Embase, Embase Classic, Ovid MEDLINE were searched. Screening and data extraction were completed in duplicate. Studies included in this analysis were experimental studies of an adjunctive dietary intervention (overall dietary pattern or education on dietary change) for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. No restrictions were placed on control groups or blinding. The studies were required to report a mental health outcome.
RESULTS Twenty-five clinical trials were identified, along with two additional protocols and two meta-analyses. Nineteen of the clinical trials reported improvement in one or more mental health domain including psychosis symptoms, cognition, and quality of life. A high level of heterogeneity was found with respect to patient population, intervention, and study design. All of the studies included lifestyle or psychosocial components in addition to dietary modification. The nutrition advice provided to participants was poorly described overall and compliance was not assessed. The studies that showed benefit tended to have a smaller sample size and were less likely to be randomized but were more likely to use a group delivery intervention.
CONCLUSION Further research assessing effectiveness and efficacy of clearly reported dietary interventions is warranted, especially those using rigorous methodology, modifying diet in isolation and assessing participant compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Aucoin
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto M2K 1E2, Canada
| | - Laura LaChance
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M6R 1A1, Canada
| | - Sam N Clouthier
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto M2K 1E2, Canada
| | - Kieran Cooley
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto M2K 1E2, Canada
- Department of Public Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
- Department of Doctoral Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine, Pacific College of Health Science, San Diego, CA 92108, United States
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Townsend MS, Shilts MK, Lanoue L, Drake C, Styne DM, Woodhouse L, Ontai L. Obesity Risk Assessment Tool among 3-5 Year Olds: Validation with Biomarkers of Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation. Child Obes 2020; 16:S23-S32. [PMID: 32857609 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many families with young children practice nutrition, parenting, and lifestyle behaviors that set their children on trajectories for unhealthful weight gain. Potential adverse health effects of excessive body fat can result in the secretion of proinflammatory molecules and increased risk of inflammation and metabolic diseases. A pediatric obesity risk assessment tool named Healthy Kids (HK), demonstrated validity in a longitudinal study with child's measured BMI and 36-hour diet, screen, sleep, and activity logs. Our objective was to provide additional evidence of validity with low-income families with literacy issues using an inflammation index composed of four proinflammatory biomarkers. Methods: Parent/child pairs (n = 104) from Head Start and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provided HK, blood samples, and measured heights/weights. Select child inflammatory markers were discretized into two groups of HK scores. Data were analyzed with a mixed model adjusted for children's age and BMI. Results: A significant HK-time interaction effect was shown for the child inflammation index with two data collection points 1 year apart (pdid = 0.039). This index increased over 12 months in children with less healthful behaviors (p = 0.007), but not in children with more healthful profiles (p = 0.58). Conclusions: Children with less healthful HK scores had an elevated inflammation index indicating a low-grade chronic systemic inflammatory state. Taken together with our previously published findings, the HK tool has potential as a rapid and easy-to-administer assessment of the family environment and the child's obesity risk. HK can be useful for federal nutrition programs for evaluation, risk assessment, goal setting, and/or program planning in clinical and community environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mical K Shilts
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University at Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Louise Lanoue
- Nutrition Department, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christiana Drake
- Statistics Department, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dennis M Styne
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis Medical School, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Lenna Ontai
- Family Studies, Human Ecology Department, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Rees J, Christophersen CC, Lewis JR, Lo J, Sambell R, Costello L, Walker C, Byrne MF, Boyce MC, Newton RU, Devine A. The study protocol for a pseudo-randomised pre-post designed controlled intervention trial to study the effects of a 7-week cooking program on self-efficacy and biomarkers of health: the ECU lifestyle and biomarkers get connected study (ECULABJMOF) including the Jamie's Ministry of Food WA participant experience. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1037. [PMID: 32605552 PMCID: PMC7325354 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australia, like other nations, has experienced a shift in dietary patterns away from home cooking of nutritious foods, towards a reliance on pre-prepared convenience meals. These are typically energy-dense, nutrient-poor and contribute to the rising prevalence of obesity and chronic disease burden. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether a community-based cooking program instigated a change to participants' skills, attitudes, knowledge, enjoyment and satisfaction of cooking and cooking confidence (self-efficacy). METHODS The pseudo-random, pre-post study design consisted of an intervention and a control group. Participant recruitment and group allocation was based on their program start dates. Intervention participants were surveyed three times (baseline, 7 weeks and 6 months) and the control group were surveyed at baseline and 5 weeks. All participants were registered via an online website and were 18 years or over. Upon consent, participants were offered four levels of commitment, defined by different assessments. The minimum participation level included an online survey and levels 2, 3 and 4 involved attendance at a clinic with increasing functional, anthropometric and biomarker measurements. Primary endpoints were participants' cooking confidence as a proxy for self-efficacy. Secondary endpoints were dietary intake, physical activity levels, body composition, anthropometry, blood, urine and faecal biomarkers of systemic, physical and mental health. DISCUSSION The community cooking program provided participants with information and advice on food sourcing, preparation and nutrition to improve home cooking skills. The study was designed to explore whether food literacy programs are efficacious in improving participant physical health and well-being in order to combat the rise in obesity and diet-related disease. It will support future use of public health cooking program initiatives aimed at improving food literacy, self-efficacy and physical and mental health. The extensive data collected will inform future research into the relationship between diet, the gut-microbiota and human health. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered on 16.08.2019 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). ACTRN12619001144101 . Protocol version 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rees
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Claus C Christophersen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
- WA Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johnny Lo
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ros Sambell
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Leesa Costello
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Cailyn Walker
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Matt F Byrne
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mary C Boyce
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Integrated Metabolomics and Computational Biology, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
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Lacalle-Bergeron L, Portolés T, López FJ, Sancho JV, Ortega-Azorín C, Asensio EM, Coltell O, Corella D. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility Separation-Quadruple Time-of-Flight MS (UHPLC-IMS-QTOF MS) Metabolomics for Short-Term Biomarker Discovery of Orange Intake: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071916. [PMID: 32610451 PMCID: PMC7400617 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major problem with dietary assessments is their subjective nature. Untargeted metabolomics and new technologies can shed light on this issue and provide a more complete picture of dietary intake by measuring the profile of metabolites in biological samples. Oranges are one of the most consumed fruits in the world, and therefore one of the most studied for their properties. The aim of this work was the application of untargeted metabolomics approach with the novel combination of ion mobility separation coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (IMS-HRMS) and study the advantages that this technique can bring to the area of dietary biomarker discovery, with the specific case of biomarkers associated with orange consumption (Citrus reticulata) in plasma samples taken during an acute intervention study (consisting of a randomized, controlled crossover trial in healthy individuals). A total of six markers of acute orange consumption, including betonicines and conjugated flavonoids, were identified with the experimental data and previous literature, demonstrating the advantages of ion mobility in the identification of dietary biomarkers and the benefits that an additional structural descriptor, as the collision cross section value (CCS), can provide in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Lacalle-Bergeron
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (T.P.); (F.J.L.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Tania Portolés
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (T.P.); (F.J.L.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Francisco J. López
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (T.P.); (F.J.L.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Juan Vicente Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (L.L.-B.); (T.P.); (F.J.L.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.O.-A.); (E.M.A.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eva M. Asensio
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.O.-A.); (E.M.A.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.O.-A.); (E.M.A.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-86-4800
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Sadeghi S, Hosseinpour-Zaryabi M. A sensitive fluorescent probe based on dithizone-capped ZnS quantum dots for quercetin determination in biological samples. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1391-1401. [PMID: 32592271 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple turn on/off fluorescence approach based on dithizone-capped ZnS quantum dots (ZnS@DZ QDs) with the help of lead ions as a fluorescent probe for the quantitative determination of quercetin is reported. The interaction of lead ions with dithizone led to the formation of a rigid structure on the surface of ZnS@DZ QDs and turned on the fluorescence intensity of the QDs. After addition of quercetin to this probe and interaction with lead ions, the fluorescence emission turned off. Concerning the quenching fluorescence intensity of ZnS@DZ QDs/Pb2+ QDs probe induced by the target, under the optimum conditions, the probe enabled detection of quercetin in the concentration range from 0.54 μM to 21.7 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.993 and detection limit of 0.25 μM. The present probe was applied successfully to the determine quercetin as a nutritional biomarker in human serum and 24-h urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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40
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Winpenny EM, van Sluijs EMF, Forouhi NG. How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age? Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:517-527. [PMID: 32399624 PMCID: PMC7867538 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor diet quality is one of the key contributors to poor cardiovascular health and associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess how the short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk factors change with age. METHODS This longitudinal, observational study used data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2016) (n = 2024). Diet quality was measured using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, and a F&V biomarker score. We assessed associations between measures of diet quality and a metabolic risk z score (generated from five metabolic risk factors) among those aged 11-60 years, and then tested effect modification by age group (adolescents 11-18 years, young adults 19-35 years, mid-aged adults 36-60 years). RESULTS Analysis across all age groups showed inverse associations between standardised DASH index and metabolic risk z score of - 0.19 (95% CI - 0.26, - 0.11). These associations were moderated by age group, with strong associations seen in mid-aged adults: - 0.27 (95% CI - 0.39, - 0.16), but associations were significantly attenuated in young adults [- 0.10 (95% CI - 0.22, 0.01)] and adolescents [0.03 (95% CI - 0.05, 0.11)]. Similar results were found for F&V intake and F&V biomarker score. CONCLUSIONS Short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk are not consistent across adolescent and young adult age groups, suggesting that mechanisms by which diet impacts on metabolic risk may be acting differently in younger age groups compared to adults. Further research is warranted using longitudinal study designs and replication in different populations to understand changes in determinants of cardiometabolic health with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Winpenny
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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41
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A randomised controlled crossover trial investigating the short-term effects of different types of vegetables on vascular and metabolic function in middle-aged and older adults with mildly elevated blood pressure: the VEgetableS for vaScular hEaLth (VESSEL) study protocol. Nutr J 2020; 19:41. [PMID: 32398091 PMCID: PMC7218618 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is recommended for cardiovascular health. However, the majority of Australians do not consume the recommended number of vegetable servings each day. Furthermore, intakes of vegetables considered to have the greatest cardiovascular benefit are often very low. Results from prospective observational studies indicate that a higher consumption of cruciferous vegetables (e.g. broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower) is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk. This may be due to the presence of specific nutrients and bioactive compounds found almost exclusively, or at relatively high levels, in cruciferous vegetables. Therefore, the aim of this randomised controlled crossover trial is to determine whether regular consumption of cruciferous vegetables results in short-term improvement in measures related to cardiovascular disease risk, including ambulatory blood pressure, arterial stiffness, glycaemic control, and circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods Twenty-five participants (50–75 years) with mildly elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 120–160 mmHg) will complete two 2-week intervention periods in random order, separated by a 2-week washout period. During the intervention period, participants will consume 4 servings (~ 300 g) of cruciferous vegetables per day as a soup (~ 500–600 mL/day). The ‘control’ soup will consist of other commonly consumed vegetables (potato, sweet potato, carrot, pumpkin). Both soups will be approximately matched for energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content. All measurements will be performed at the beginning and end of each intervention period. Discussion The findings of this study will provide evidence regarding the potential cardiometabolic health benefits of cruciferous vegetables, which may contribute to the revision of dietary and clinical guidelines. Trial registration The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry on 19th September 2019 (ACTRN12619001294145).
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Nutritional problems in childhood and adolescence: a narrative review of identified disparities. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 34:17-47. [PMID: 32329426 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242000013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To inform programmes and policies that promote health equity, it is essential to monitor the distribution of nutritional problems among young individuals. Common nutritional problems include overall low diet quality, the underconsumption and overconsumption of certain dietary components, unhealthy meal and snack patterns, problematic feeding practices and disordered eating. The objective of the present narrative review was to summarise recent evidence of disparities among US children (2-19 years) according to age, sex, socio-economic status, ethnicity/race and rural-urban location. Searches in PubMed® and MEDLINE® were completed to identify peer-reviewed research studies published between January 2009 and January 2019. Findings from the ninety-nine reviewed studies indicate adolescent females, young individuals from lower socio-economic households and individuals who identify as non-Hispanic Black race are particularly vulnerable populations for whom targeted strategies should be developed to address evidence of increased risk with regards to multiple aspects of nutritional wellbeing. Limitations of the existing evidence relate to the accuracy of self-reported dietary data; the need for consistent definitions of disordered eating; the focus on individual dietary components v. patterns; the complexities of categorising socio-economic status, ethnicity/race, and rural and urban areas; and the cross-sectional, observational nature of most research designs. There is an urgent need for research to address these limitations and fill a large gap in evidence on rural-urban differences in nutritional problems. It will further be important for future studies to build greater understanding of how nutritional problems cluster among population groups.
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Adherence to UK dietary guidelines is associated with higher dietary intake of total and specific polyphenols compared with a traditional UK diet: further analysis of data from the Cardiovascular risk REduction Study: Supported by an Integrated Dietary Approach (CRESSIDA) randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:402-415. [PMID: 30760336 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to dietary guidelines (DG) may result in higher intake of polyphenols via increased consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. We compared polyphenol dietary intake and urinary excretion between two intervention groups in the Cardiovascular risk REduction Study: Supported by an Integrated Dietary Approach study: a 12-week parallel-arm, randomised controlled trial (n 161; sixty-four males, ninety-seven females; aged 40-70 years). One group adhered to UK DG, whereas the other group consumed a representative UK diet (control). We estimated polyphenol dietary intake, using a 4-d food diary (4-DFD) and FFQ, and analysed 24-h polyphenol urinary excretion by liquid chromatography-tandem MS on a subset of participants (n 46 control; n 45 DG). A polyphenol food composition database for 4-DFD analysis was generated using Phenol-Explorer and USDA databases. Total polyphenol intake by 4-DFD at endpoint (geometric means with 95 % CI, adjusted for baseline and sex) was significantly higher in the DG group (1279 mg/d per 10 MJ; 1158, 1412) compared with the control group (1084 mg/d per 10 MJ; 980, 1197). The greater total polyphenol intake in the DG group was attributed to higher intake of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and hydroxycinnamic acids, with the primary food sources being fruits, cereal products, nuts and seeds. FFQ estimates of flavonoid intake also detected greater intake in DG compared with the control group. 24-h urinary excretion showed consistency with 4-DFD in their ability to discriminate between dietary intervention groups for six out of ten selected, individual polyphenols. In conclusion, following UK DG increased total polyphenol intake by approximately 20 %, but not all polyphenol subclasses corresponded with this finding.
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Macias S, Kirma J, Yilmaz A, Moore SE, McKinley MC, McKeown PP, Woodside JV, Graham SF, Green BD. Application of 1H-NMR Metabolomics for the Discovery of Blood Plasma Biomarkers of a Mediterranean Diet. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100201. [PMID: 31569638 PMCID: PMC6836148 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary pattern well-known for its benefits in disease prevention. Monitoring adherence to the MD could be improved by discovery of novel dietary biomarkers. The MEDiterranean Diet in Northern Ireland (MEDDINI) intervention study monitored the adherence of participants to the MD for up to 12 months. This investigation aimed to profile plasma metabolites, correlating each against the MD score of participants (n = 58). Based on an established 14-point scale MD score, subjects were classified into two groups (“low” and “high”). 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomic analysis found that citric acid was the most significant metabolite (p = 5.99 × 10−4*; q = 0.03), differing between ‘low’ and ‘high’. Furthermore, five additional metabolites significantly differed (p < 0.05; q < 0.35) between the two groups. Discriminatory metabolites included: citric acid, pyruvic acid, betaine, mannose, acetic acid and myo-inositol. Additionally, the top five most influential metabolites in multivariate models were also citric acid, pyruvic acid, betaine, mannose and myo-inositol. Metabolites significantly correlated with the consumption of certain food types. For example, citric acid positively correlated fruit, fruit juice and vegetable constituents of the diet, and negatively correlated with sweet foods alone or when combined with carbonated drinks. Citric acid was the best performing biomarker and this was enhanced by paired ratio with pyruvic acid. The present study demonstrates the utility of metabolomic profiling for effectively assessing adherence to MD and the discovery of novel dietary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Macias
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK.
| | - Joseph Kirma
- Beaumont Health, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Beaumont Health, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
| | - Sarah E Moore
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK.
| | | | - Pascal P McKeown
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK.
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK.
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Beaumont Health, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
| | - Brian D Green
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK.
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Collese TS, De Moraes ACF, Rendo-Urteaga T, Luzia LA, Rondó PHDC, Marchioni DML, Carvalho HB. The Validity of Children's Fruit and Vegetable Intake Using Plasma Vitamins A, C, and E: The SAYCARE Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1815. [PMID: 31390803 PMCID: PMC6722842 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite that fruits and vegetables are key elements for health promotion, there are limited studies validating their intake in children. We aimed to validate the SAYCARE (South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental) Study Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the combination of the FFQ frequency of intake with the 24 h-dietary-recall (24 h-DR) (mean of 3 days), for children's fruit and vegetable intake. The reference methods were plasma dosages of β-carotene, retinol, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol, which were collected in the school environment. It is a validity study in a subsample of 45 children aged 6-10 years participating in the SAYCARE Study, from São Paulo (Brazil). The FFQ was answered by the parents/guardians over the previous 3 months; the 24 h-DR was answered three times (two weekdays by nutritionists, one weekend day by parents/guardians). The mean fruit and vegetable intake (combined with frequency of intake) was calculated using the multiple source method (MSM). Multiple linear regression showed pooled correlation coefficients of 0.29 to 0.35 for the reported fruit and vegetable intake estimated by the FFQ and the MSM, respectively. The SAYCARE FFQ is an accurate and useful tool for ranking fruit and vegetable intake in children between 6-10 years from the SAYCARE Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sadalla Collese
- YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes
- YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Tara Rendo-Urteaga
- YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Isabel I, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Liania Alves Luzia
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 1246-904, Brazil
| | | | | | - Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho
- YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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Picó C, Serra F, Rodríguez AM, Keijer J, Palou A. Biomarkers of Nutrition and Health: New Tools for New Approaches. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1092. [PMID: 31100942 PMCID: PMC6567133 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A main challenge in nutritional studies is the valid and reliable assessment of food intake, as well as its effects on the body. Generally, food intake measurement is based on self-reported dietary intake questionnaires, which have inherent limitations. They can be overcome by the use of biomarkers, capable of objectively assessing food consumption without the bias of self-reported dietary assessment. Another major goal is to determine the biological effects of foods and their impact on health. Systems analysis of dynamic responses may help to identify biomarkers indicative of intake and effects on the body at the same time, possibly in relation to individuals' health/disease states. Such biomarkers could be used to quantify intake and validate intake questionnaires, analyse physiological or pathological responses to certain food components or diets, identify persons with specific dietary deficiency, provide information on inter-individual variations or help to formulate personalized dietary recommendations to achieve optimal health for particular phenotypes, currently referred as "precision nutrition." In this regard, holistic approaches using global analysis methods (omics approaches), capable of gathering high amounts of data, appear to be very useful to identify new biomarkers and to enhance our understanding of the role of food in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Whitton C, Neelakantan N, Ong CN, van Dam RM. Reproducibility of Dietary Biomarkers in a Multiethnic Asian Population. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801104. [PMID: 30817094 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary biomarkers allow for study of diet and disease risk relationships, but a key requirement is that these biomarkers are reproducible and reflect long-term diet. This study assesses reproducibility of selected dietary biomarkers in a multi-ethnic Asian population, and quantifies diet-disease relationship attenuation arising from use of a single biomarker measurement. METHODS AND RESULTS Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) are used to evaluate the reproducibility of urinary isoflavone and enterolignan, total plasma fatty acid (FA), and serum carotenoid concentrations measured 4 months apart in adult Singapore residents (ethnic Chinese, n 59; Malay, n 46; Indian, n 56). Total carotenoid ICC is 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68, 0.81), ranging from 0.63 to 0.84 for individual carotenoids. FA ICC (median) is 0.74 (inter-quartile range 0.70-0.78). Total isoflavone ICC (95% CI) is 0.21 (0.06-0.35). Total enterolignan ICC is 0.42 (0.28, 0.54). Attenuation factors associated with a single time point measure ranged from 0.74 to 0.94 for carotenoids and FAs, and 0.42 to 0.70 for isoflavones and enterolignans. CONCLUSIONS In a multi-ethnic Asian population, single measures of most serum carotenoids and plasma FAs likely represent habitual diet, whereas reproducibility of urinary isoflavones and enterolignans is moderate, possibly due to rapid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Whitton
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549
| | - Nithya Neelakantan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117597.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Fu X, Anderson M, Wang Y, Zimring JC. LC-MS/MS-MRM-Based Targeted Metabolomics for Quantitative Analysis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxylipins. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1978:107-120. [PMID: 31119659 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9236-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is a powerful tool for targeted metabolomics analysis including screening and quantification of known metabolites. Given the complexity of biological samples, the difference in ionization efficiency, and signal intensity of each metabolite, isotopically labeled internal standards are often used for accurate quantification. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for the quantitative analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their oxidized products (oxylipins) by LC-MS/MS-MRM with isotope dilution. PUFAs are very susceptible to oxidation by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. Free PUFAs and corresponding oxylipins, known as bioactive lipids, are involved in many processes with varying biological functions depending on their chemical structure and concentration. Accurate quantification is thus becoming crucial to understanding the role of these bioactive lipids in health, disease(s), and other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James C Zimring
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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49
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Adebooye OC, Alashi AM, Aluko RE. A brief review on emerging trends in global polyphenol research. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo C. Adebooye
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
- Department of Agronomy; Osun State University; Osogbo Osun State Nigeria
| | - Adeola M. Alashi
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
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