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Schweig T, Fink M, Schmidt K, Krawutschke M, Pasche S, Skoda EM, Teufel M, Müller BW. Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Event-Related Potentials (P3) and Depressive Symptoms in Oncological Patients. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241294057. [PMID: 39679532 PMCID: PMC11650600 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241294057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in P3 amplitude and latency to emotional stimuli with different arousal and valence levels after a mindfulness-based intervention in oncological patients. Methods: P3 amplitude and latency at Fz, Cz, and Pz to emotional salient stimuli differing in valence (positive vs. negative) and arousal (low vs. high) levels were measured in 17 oncological patients (Mage = 51 years, SD = 9.17, females = 11) before and after a mindfulness-based intervention in a waitlist-controlled clinical trial. Group sessions were held 2x/week over a period of 5 weeks. Results: Arousal and valence levels of emotional salient stimuli were significant modulators of P3 amplitudes (P = .050; P = .006, respectively). P3 amplitudes at Fz decreased significantly from pre-waitlist to post-intervention (P = .002). P3 latency for negatively valenced stimuli decreased from pre- to post-intervention with trending significance (P = .080). P3 latency at Pz showed a trend of being shorter than P3 latency at Cz (P = .066). Depressive symptoms showed a decreasing trend from pre- to post-treatment (P = .075). Conclusions: We could show that arousal and valence levels of emotional salient stimuli are important modulators of P3 amplitudes and latencies in oncological patients. P3 amplitudes at Fz decreased significantly from pre-waitlist until after mindfulness-based intervention, decreases from pre-to post-intervention were linear, but not significant. In oncological patients the mindfulness-based intervention seems to have its strongest effect on the frontal electrode Fz, not the electrode Pz where its amplitude was largest. Depressive symptoms could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeleine Fink
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kira Schmidt
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Saskia Pasche
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard W. Müller
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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2
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Wu L, Chen Y, Liu X, Fang P, Feng T, Sun K, Ren L, Liang W, Lu H, Lin X, Li Y, Wang L, Li C, Zhang T, Ni C, Wu S. The influence of job burnout on the attention ability of army soldiers and officers: Evidence from ERP. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:992537. [PMID: 36419460 PMCID: PMC9676458 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.992537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Job burnout is one of the most widespread mental problems in today's society and seriously affects the mental health and combat effectiveness of soldiers and officers. Herein, the effect of burnout on individual attention is studied from the perspective of neuroelectrophysiology. A total of 1,155 army soldiers and officers were included in this investigation and completed the Job Burnout Scale for Military Personnel. A total of 42 soldiers and officers were randomly selected from those with and without burnout to participate in an event-related potential (ERP) study using a visual oddball task. The characteristics of visual P3a and P3b at Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, and Pz were recorded and analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was the criterion for a significant difference. The total average score on the Job Burnout Scale for Military Personnel among the participants was 0.74 ± 0.46, and the detection rate of job burnout was 29.85%. In the Oddball task, the average number of target stimuli counted in the burnout group was lower than that in the control group, but no significant difference was found. For P3a, the Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, and Pz amplitudes in the burnout group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The average amplitude of P3a evoked in the central parietal area was larger than that in the prefrontal area. For P3b, the amplitudes of the five electrodes in the burnout group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The average amplitude of P3b evoked in the parietal region was larger than those in the prefrontal and central parietal regions. A certain degree of job burnout is evident in army soldiers and officers. The voluntary attention and involuntary attention of individuals with burnout are both affected to some extent, as reflected by the lower amplitudes of P3a and P3b. The results suggest that P3a and P3b can be used as indicators to monitor cognitive neural function in soldiers and officers with burnout and can also be used as references for evaluating the effects of cognitive training and screening methods. In this study, ERP was used to research the attention ability of soldiers and officers with job burnout, and related issues were discussed from the aspects of the burnout results, behavioral results, ERP results, compensation effect of cognitive resources, application in the military field, limitations, and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- Nursing School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingwei Feng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunping Ni
- Nursing School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Fernandez A, Quigley L, Dobson K, Sears C. Coherence of attention and memory biases in currently and previously depressed women. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:1239-1254. [PMID: 35819001 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2099348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found that depression is characterised by biased processing of emotional information. Although most studies have examined cognitive biases in isolation, simultaneous examination of multiple biases is required to understand how they may interact and influence one another to produce depression vulnerability. In this study, the attention and memory biases of currently depressed, previously depressed, and never depressed women were examined using the same stimuli and a unified methodology. Participants viewed negative, positive, and neutral words while their eye gaze was tracked and recorded. After a distraction task, participants completed an incidental recognition test that included words from the eye-tracking task and new words. The results supported the hypothesised mediation model for positive words: currently depressed women had a reduced attention bias for positive words and, in turn, had poorer memory for positive words relative to never depressed women. Previously depressed women, however, showed a lack of coherence between attention and memory biases for positive words. The groups did not differ in their attention or memory biases for negative words. The findings provide novel evidence in support of a causal link between the absence of protective attention and memory biases for positive information in clinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Leanne Quigley
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Dobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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4
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Nguyen TU, Dorjee D. Impact of a mindfulness-based school curriculum on emotion processing in Vietnamese pre-adolescents: An event-related potentials study. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13255. [PMID: 35261113 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The neurocognitive mechanisms associated with mindfulness training in children are not well understood. This randomised controlled study with active and passive control groups examined the impact of an 18-week mindfulness curriculum delivered by schoolteachers on emotion processing in Vietnamese 7- to 11-year-olds. Event-related potential markers indexed emotion processing while children were completing emotional Go/No-Go tasks before and after mindfulness training, and at 6-month follow-up. In an oddball Go/No-Go task with Caucasian faces no changes in P3b and LPP components were detected, but in a Go/No-Go task with Caucasian and Japanese faces changes were observed in P3b latencies and LPP mean amplitudes. Specifically, the P3b in response to angry non-targets for Japanese faces peaked later in the mindfulness training group (TG) at 6-months follow-up in comparison to the non-intervention control group (NCG). The LPP mean amplitudes for averaged Caucasian and Japanese angry non-targets were also attenuated in the TG at 6-month follow-up. In contrast, no changes in the LPP mean amplitudes were observed for the NCG over time. Together, these findings may indicate that mindfulness training in pre-adolescents enhances emotional non-reactivity to negative distractors. A fluctuating pattern of LPP mean amplitude modulations for angry targets was observed in the active control group (ACG) receiving social-emotional learning (SEL) training. Overall, findings from this study suggest that mindfulness training in pre-adolescents enhances emotional non-reactivity to negative distractors and some of the effects are culturally sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thy U Nguyen
- Applied Psychology Department, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Dusana Dorjee
- Psychology in Education Research Centre, Department of Education, University of York, York, England, YO10 5DD, UK
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5
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The Affect Misattribution in the Interpretation of Ambiguous Stimuli in Terms of Warmth vs. Competence: Behavioral Phenomenon and Its Neural Correlates. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081093. [PMID: 36009156 PMCID: PMC9406116 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Warmth and competence are fundamental dimensions of social cognition. This also applies to the interpretation of ambiguous symbolic stimuli in terms of their relation to warmth or competence. The affective state of an individual may affect the way people interpret the neutral stimuli in the environment. As previous findings have shown, it is possible to alter the perception of neutral social stimuli in terms of warmth vs. competence by eliciting an incidental affect with the use of emotion-laden words. In the current experiment, we expected the valence and origin of an affective state, factors ascribing emotionally laden words, to be able to switch the interpretation of the neutral objects. We have shown in behavioural results that negative valence and reflective origins promote the interpretation of unknown objects in terms of competence rather than warmth. Furthermore, electrophysiological-response-locked analyses revealed differences specific to negative valence while making the decision in the ambiguous task and while executing it. The results of the current experiment show that the usage of warmth and competence in social cognition is susceptible to affective state manipulation. In addition, the results are coherent with the evolutionary perspective on social cognition (valence effects) as well as with predictions of the dual mind model of emotion (origin effects).
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6
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Jaspers-Fayer F, Maffei A, Goertzen J, Kleffner K, Coccaro A, Sessa P, Liotti M. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Covert vs. Overt Emotional Face Processing in Dysphoria. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:920989. [PMID: 35874655 PMCID: PMC9296982 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.920989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People at risk of developing clinical depression exhibit attentional biases for emotional faces. To clarify whether such effects occur at an early, automatic, or at a late, deliberate processing stage of emotional processing, the present study used high-density electroencephalography during both covert and overt processing of sad, fearful, happy, and neutral expressions in healthy participants with high dysphoria (n = 16) and with low dysphoria (n = 19). A state-of-the-art non-parametric permutation-based statistical approach was then used to explore the effects of emotion, attentional task demands, and group. Behaviorally, participants responded faster and more accurately when overtly categorizing happy faces and they were slower and less accurate when categorizing sad and fearful faces, independent of the dysphoria group. Electrophysiologically, in an early time-window (N170: 140-180 ms), there was a significant main effect for the dysphoria group, with greater negative voltage for the high vs. low dysphoria group over the left-sided temporo-occipital scalp. Furthermore, there was a significant group by emotional interaction, with the high dysphoria group displaying greater negative amplitude N170 for happy than fearful faces. Attentional task demands did not influence such early effects. In contrast, in an intermediate time-window (EPN: 200-400 ms) and in a late time-window (LPP: 500-750 ms) there were no significant main effects nor interactions involving the dysphoria Group. The LPP results paralleled the behavioral results, with greater LPP voltages for sad and fearful relative to happy faces only in the overt task, but similarly so in the two dysphoria groups. This study provides novel evidence that alterations in face processing in dysphoric individuals can be seen at the early stages of face perception, as indexed by the N170, although not in the form of a typical pattern of mood-congruent attentional bias. In contrast, intermediate (EPN) and late (LPP) stages of emotional face processing appear unaffected by dysphoria. Importantly, the early dysphoria effect appears to be independent of the top-down allocation of attention, further supporting the idea that dysphoria may influence a stage of automatic emotional appraisal. It is proposed that it may be a consequence of a shift from holistic to feature-based processing of facial expressions, or may be due to the influence of negative schemas acting as a negative context for emotional facial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fern Jaspers-Fayer
- Laboratory for Affective and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Antonio Maffei
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jennifer Goertzen
- Laboratory for Affective and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Killian Kleffner
- Laboratory for Affective and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ambra Coccaro
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Sessa
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Liotti
- Laboratory for Affective and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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7
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Wang Q, Wei X, Dang R, Zhu F, Yin S, Hu B. An Eye Tracking and Event-Related Potentials Study With Visual Stimuli for Adolescents Emotional Issues. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:933793. [PMID: 35845451 PMCID: PMC9282230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological issues are common among adolescents, which have a significant impact on their growth and development. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of viewing visual stimuli in adolescents are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study applied the Chinese version of the DSM-V self-assessment scales to evaluate 73 adolescents' psychological characteristics for depressive and manic emotional issues. Combined with eye-tracking and event-related potential (ERP), we explored the characteristics of their visual attention and neural processing mechanisms while freely viewing positive, dysphoric, threatening and neutral visual stimuli. RESULTS Compared to controls, adolescents with depressive emotional tendencies showed more concentrated looking behavior with fixation distribution index than the controls, while adolescents with manic emotional tendencies showed no such trait. ERP data revealed individuals with depressive tendencies showed lower arousal levels toward emotional stimuli in the early stage of cognitive processing (N1 amplitude decreased) and with prolonged reaction time (N1 latency increased) than the control group. We found no significant difference between the manic group and the control group. Furthermore, the depression severity scores of the individuals with depressive tendencies were negatively correlated with the total fixation time toward positive stimuli, were negatively correlated with the fixation distribution index toward threatening stimuli, and were positively correlated with the mean N1 amplitudes while viewing dysphoric stimuli. Also, for the individuals with depressive tendencies, there was a positive correlation between the mean N1 amplitudes and the fixation time on the area of interest (AOI) while viewing dysphoric stimuli. For the individuals with manic tendencies, the manic severity scores of the individuals with manic tendencies were positively correlated with the total fixation time toward the positive stimuli. However, no significant correlations were found between the manic severity scores and N1 amplitudes, and between N1 amplitudes and eye-tracking output variables. CONCLUSION This study proposes the application of eye-tracking and ERP to provide better biological evidence to alter the neural processing of emotional stimuli for adolescents with emotional issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruochen Dang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Feiyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaokang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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8
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Moretta T, Dal Bò E, Dell'Acqua C, Messerotti Benvenuti S, Palomba D. Disentangling emotional processing in dysphoria: An ERP and cardiac deceleration study. Behav Res Ther 2021; 147:103985. [PMID: 34628258 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate emotional processing in dysphoria. To this end, the amplitude of the Late Positive Potential (LPP) and cardiac deceleration were assessed during the passive viewing of affective (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant) pictures in 26 individuals with dysphoria and in 25 non-depressed controls. The group with dysphoria revealed a smaller LPP amplitude than the group without dysphoria in response to pleasant and neutral, but not unpleasant, stimuli at centro-parieto-occipital sites. Interestingly, whereas both groups showed cardiac deceleration when viewing pleasant compared to neutral pictures (3-6 s time window), only individuals with dysphoria showed a prolonged cardiac deceleration in response to unpleasant stimuli as compared with neutral ones. This study suggests that dysphoria is characterized by reduced motivated attentional allocation to positive information and by sustained intake of unpleasant information. Overall, the present findings provide novel insights into the characterization of valence-specific attentional processes in dysphoria as potential vulnerability factors for clinically significant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Dal Bò
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Carola Dell'Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
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9
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Weinberg A, Correa KA, Stevens ES, Shankman SA. The emotion-elicited late positive potential is stable across five testing sessions. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13904. [PMID: 34292629 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have examined associations between neural and behavioral markers of attention to emotion and individual differences in affective functioning. However, the majority of these studies are cross-sectional, and examine associations between brain, behavior, and individual differences at one or two time-points, limiting our understanding of the extent to which these neural responses reflect trait-like patterns of attention. The present study used the Emotional Interrupt paradigm, and examined the stability and trajectory of behavioral (i.e., reaction time to targets following task-irrelevant appetitive, neutral, and aversive images), and neural responses to images (i.e., the late positive potential or LPP), across five sessions separated by one week in 86 individuals. Additionally, we examined the extent to which the LPP and behavioral measures were sensitive to naturally occurring daily fluctuations in positive and negative affect. Results indicate that, though the magnitude of the conditional LPP waveforms decreased over time, the degree of emotional modulation (i.e., differentiation of emotional from neutral) did not; in fact, differentiation of appetitive from neutral increased over time. Behavioral responses were similarly stable across sessions. Additionally, we largely did not observe significant effects of state positive and negative affect on the LPP or behavior over time. Finally, the LPP elicited by appetitive images significantly predicted reaction time to targets following these images. These data suggest that neural and behavioral markers of attention to motivationally salient cues may be trait-like in nature, and may be helpful in future studies seeking to identify markers of vulnerability for diverse forms of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly A Correa
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Stevens
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Campanella S. Use of cognitive event-related potentials in the management of psychiatric disorders: Towards an individual follow-up and multi-component clinical approach. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:153-168. [PMID: 34046312 PMCID: PMC8134870 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i5.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse prevention remains a major challenge in psychiatry, thus indicating that the established treatment methods combining psychotherapy with neuropharmacological interventions are not entirely effective. In recent years, several intervention strategies have been devised that are aimed at improving psychiatric treatment by providing a complementary set of add-on tools that can be used by clinicians to improve current patient assessment. Among these, cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) have been indexed as valuable biomarkers of the pathophysiological mechanisms of various mental illnesses. However, despite decades of research, their clinical utility is still controversial and a matter of debate. In this opinion review, I present the main arguments supporting the use of cognitive ERPs in the management of psychiatric disorders, stressing why it is currently still not the case despite the vast number of ERP studies to date. I also propose a clinically-oriented suitable way in which this technique could - in my opinion - be effectively incorporated into individual patient care by promotion of the use of individual ERP test-retest sessions and the use of a multi-component approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d’Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels 1020, Belgium
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11
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Zhang J, Li X, Du J, Tan X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, You M, Zhao M, Gao Y, Wang J, Pan C, Kong J. Impairments of Implicit Emotional Neurocognitive Processing in College Students With Subthreshold Depression: An ERP Study. J Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 38:192-197. [PMID: 32011355 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have proved that the people with subthreshold depression (SD) had negative cognitive bias in conscious level. However, it still remains a point of controversy whether they have impairment in unconscious level. The present study aimed to explore whether the implicit emotional processing differed between people with SD and healthy controls (HCs) and the details by analyzing the event-related potentials. METHODS We recruited 35 SD participants and 35 age- and sex-matched HCs to collect event-related potential data. A visual oddball task was used to investigate implicit emotional processing with three types of emotional pictures (positive, negative, and neutral as stimuli). The N2 and P3 components were used to compare the neurocognitive differences of implicit emotional processing between two groups. RESULTS Compared with the HC group, the SD participants showed no significant differences in the amplitudes or latencies of the N2 component for any kind of emotional stimuli but smaller P3 amplitudes for all kinds of emotional stimuli. The P3 latencies for positive stimuli were slower than the negative ones in the SD group but not in the HC group. The SD group showed slower P3 latencies than the HC group only for positive stimuli. There was a positive correlation between Center for Epidemiological Survey, Depression Scale score and average N2 and P3 amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS The SD people demonstrate implicit cognitive processing impairments, and the impairments of emotional cognitive processing in SD may exist mainly in evaluative stage and primarily for positive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing Blood Donation Office, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Du
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Student Mental Health Education and Counseling Center of Student Work Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China ; and
| | - Yichunzi Zhang
- College of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyan You
- College of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Zhao
- College of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- College of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Pan
- College of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Kong
- College of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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De Zorzi L, Ranfaing S, Honoré J, Sequeira H. Autonomic reactivity to emotion: A marker of sub-clinical anxiety and depression symptoms? Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13774. [PMID: 33538013 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are both characterized by dysregulated autonomic reactivity to emotion. However, most experiments until now have focused on autonomic reactivity to stimuli presented in central vision (CV) even if affective saliency is also observed in peripheral vision (PV). We compared autonomic reactivity to CV and PV emotional stimulation in 58 participants with high anxious (HA) or low anxious (LA) and high depressive (HD) or low depressive (LD) symptomatology, based on STAI-B and BDI scores, respectively. Unpleasant (U), pleasant (P), and neutral (N) pictures from IAPS were presented at three eccentricities (0°: CV; -12 and 12°: PV). Skin conductance (SC), skin temperature, pupillary diameter, and heart rate (HR) were recorded. First, HA participants showed greater pupil dilation to emotional than to neutral stimuli in PV than in CV. Second, in contrast to HD, the valence effect indexed by SC and emotional arousal effect indexed by skin temperature were observed in LD. Third, both anxiety and depression lead to a valence effect indexed by pupillary light reflex and heart rate. These results suggest a hyperreactivity to emotion and hypervigilance to PV in anxiety. Depression is associated with an attenuation of positive effect and a global blunted autonomic reactivity to emotion. Moreover, anxiety mostly modulates the early processes of autonomic reactivity whereas depression mainly affects the later processes. The differential impact of emotional information over the visual field suggests the use of new stimulation strategies in order to attenuate anxious and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas De Zorzi
- UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranfaing
- UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Honoré
- UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Henrique Sequeira
- UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
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13
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Zhou L, Liu M, Ye B, Wang X, Liu Q. Sad expressions during encoding enhance facial identity recognition in visual working memory in depression: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:630-639. [PMID: 33190114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood-congruent memory biases are prominently featured in cognitive theories of depression. However, how sad expressions during encoding affect facial identity recognition in visual working memory (WM) and the electrophysiological correlates in depressed individuals are unclear. METHODS Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 30 depressed participants and 31 controls during a delayed face discrimination task. RESULTS The depressed participants showed lower discrimination power in facial identity recognition than the controls. However, the depressed participants showed higher discrimination power in facial identity recognition for neutral probe faces preceded by sad expressions than for those preceded by happy expressions, while the controls showed no difference. Furthermore, hits (correctly recognizing studied faces) and associated vertex positive potential (VPP), P3b, and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes were significantly higher for probe faces preceded by sad expressions than for those preceded by happy expressions in the depressed individuals, whereas the controls showed no differences. No such effects were found for correct rejections (correctly rejecting unstudied faces). LIMITATIONS The present study is limited due to the relatively small sample size and homogenous university population. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that for depressed individuals, sad expressions during encoding enhanced discrimination power in facial identity recognition, especially correct recognition of studied faces in visual WM, which was associated with an increase in early structural encoding and more late attentional and perceptual resources following facial identity during retrieval, reflecting a mood-congruent memory bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022; Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022; Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022.
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022; Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022; Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022
| | - Qiaosheng Liu
- Clinical Psychological Center, Psychiatric Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China, 330000
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14
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Lei L, Zhang Y, Song X, Liu P, Wen Y, Zhang A, Yang C, Sun N, Liu Z, Zhang K. Face Recognition Brain Functional Connectivity in Patients With Major Depression: A Brain Source Localization Study by ERP. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:662502. [PMID: 34803748 PMCID: PMC8604097 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.662502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) presents with face recognition defects. These defects negatively affect their social interactions. However, the cause of these defects is not clear. This study sought to explore whether MDD patients develop facial perceptual processing disorders with characteristics of brain functional connectivity (FC). Methods: Event-related potential (ERP) was used to explore differences between 20 MDD patients and 20 healthy participants with face and non-face recognition tasks based on 64 EEG parameters. After pre-processing of EEG data and source reconstruction using the minimum-norm estimate (MNE), data were converted to AAL90 template to obtain a time series of 90 brain regions. EEG power spectra were determined using Fieldtrip incorporating a Fast Fourier transform. FC was determined for all pairs of brain signals for theta band using debiased estimate of weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) in Fieldtrip. To explore group differences in wPLI, independent t-tests were performed with p < 0.05 to indicate statistical significance. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was used to adjust p-values. Results: The findings showed that amplitude induction by face pictures was higher compared with that of non-face pictures both in MDD and healthy control (HC) groups. Face recognition amplitude in MDD group was lower compared with that in the HC group. Two time periods with significant differences were then selected for further analysis. Analysis showed that FC was stronger in the MDD group compared with that in the HC group in most brain regions in both periods. However, only one FC between two brain regions in HC group was stronger compared with that in the MDD group. Conclusion: Dysfunction in brain FC among MDD patients is a relatively complex phenomenon, exhibiting stronger and multiple connectivity with several brain regions of emotions. The findings of the current study indicate that the brain FC of MDD patients is more complex and less efficient in the initial stage of face recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Penghong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yujiao Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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15
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A Cross-sectional Study of Attention Bias for Facial Expression Stimulation in Patients with Stroke at the Convalescence Stage. Int J Behav Med 2020; 28:511-522. [PMID: 33263171 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression increases the likelihood of adverse physical symptoms. Attentional bias (AB) for negative stimuli is important in depression onset, maintenance, and remission. Stroke is more likely in older adults, who can have reduced cognitive function. Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can have delayed reaction times (RTs). We hypothesized that RT to select neutral facial expression is affected by depressive symptoms and cognitive function in patients with stroke. METHODS This study analyzed 61 patients with stroke. Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) and Profile of Mood States (short version) scores were determined. Task stimuli comprised eight pairs of facial expressions containing affective (angry) and neutral faces. AB was measured as the RT to select the neutral face in two simultaneously presented images using attention bias modification (ABM) software. Patients were grouped according to depressive symptoms using BDI-II scores. Between-subject factors of depressive symptoms and cognitive function were determined by ANCOVA. RESULTS No significant interaction was found between depressive symptoms and cognitive function on RT. There was a main effect of cognitive function, but not depressive symptoms. In patients with hemiparesis and depressive symptoms, RT was significantly shorter in patients without MCI compared with patients with MCI. CONCLUSIONS People with stroke and elevated depression symptoms with hemiparesis but without MCI quickly selected neutral facial expressions from neutral and aversive expressions, and thus do not need ABM to escape aversive stimuli. ABM in response to aversive stimuli may be useful in evaluating negative emotions in individuals with post-stroke depression without MCI.
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16
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Depression restricts visual capture and promotes the perception of negative information. Biol Psychol 2020; 154:107923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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McIvor L, Sui J, Malhotra T, Drury D, Kumar S. Self-referential processing and emotion context insensitivity in major depressive disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:311-329. [PMID: 32416036 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether differential self-perception influences the salience of emotional stimuli in depressive disorders, using a perceptual matching task in which geometric shapes were arbitrarily assigned to the self and an unknown other. Participants associated shapes with personal labels (e.g. "self" or "other"). Each geometric shape additionally contained a happy, sad or neutral line drawing of a face. Participants then judged whether shape-label pairs were as originally shown or re-paired, whilst facial emotion was task-irrelevant. The results showed biased responses to self-relevant stimuli compared to other-relevant stimuli, regardless of facial emotion, for both control and depressed participants. This was reflected in sensitivity (d') and drift rate (v) measures, suggesting that self-bias and a bias towards emotion may reflect different underlying processes. We further computed bias scores by subtracting the "neutral" value of each measure (acting as baseline) from the "happy" and "sad" values of each measure, indexing an "emotional bias" (EB) score for "self" and "other" separately. Compared to control participants, depressed participants exhibited reduced "happy" and "sad" emotional biases, regardless of the self-relevance of stimuli. This finding indicates that depressed participants may exhibit generalised Emotion Context Insensitivity (ECI), characterised by hyopoattention to both positive and negative information, at short stimulus presentations. The implications of this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy McIvor
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Jie Sui
- Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tina Malhotra
- Department of Community Mental Health, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - David Drury
- Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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18
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Li X, La R, Wang Y, Hu B, Zhang X. A Deep Learning Approach for Mild Depression Recognition Based on Functional Connectivity Using Electroencephalography. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:192. [PMID: 32300286 PMCID: PMC7142271 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection remains a significant challenge for the treatment of depression. In our work, we proposed a novel approach to mild depression recognition using electroencephalography (EEG). First, we explored abnormal organization in the functional connectivity network of mild depression using graph theory. Second, we proposed a novel classification model for recognizing mild depression. Considering the powerful ability of CNN to process two-dimensional data, we applied CNN separately to the two-dimensional data form of the functional connectivity matrices from five EEG bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). In addition, inspired by recent breakthroughs in the ability of deep recurrent CNNs to classify mental load, we merged the functional connectivity matrices from the three EEG bands that performed the best into a three-channel image to classify mild depression-related and normal EEG signals using the CNN. The results of the graph theory analysis showed that the brain functional network of the mild depression group had a larger characteristic path length and a lower clustering coefficient than the healthy control group, showing deviation from the small-world network. The proposed classification model obtained a classification accuracy of 80.74% for recognizing mild depression. The current study suggests that the combination of a CNN and functional connectivity matrix may provide a promising objective approach for diagnosing mild depression. Deep learning approaches such as this might have the potential to inform clinical practice and aid in research on psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong La
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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19
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Trilla I, Weigand A, Dziobek I. Affective states influence emotion perception: evidence for emotional egocentricity. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:1005-1015. [PMID: 32206856 PMCID: PMC8049894 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research in social cognition has shown that our own emotional experiences are an important source of information to understand what other people are feeling. The current study investigated whether individuals project their own affective states when reading other's emotional expressions. We used brief autobiographical recall and audiovisual stimuli to induce happy, neutral and sad transient states. After each emotion induction, participants made emotion judgments about ambiguous faces displaying a mixture of happiness and sadness. Using an adaptive psychophysics procedure, we estimated the tendency to perceive the faces as happy under each of the induced affective states. Results demonstrate the occurrence of egocentric projections, such that faces were more likely judged as happy when participants reported being happy as compared to when they were sad. Moreover, the degree of emotional egocentricity was associated with individual differences in perspective-taking, with smaller biases being observed in individuals with higher disposition to take the perspective of others. Our findings extend previous literature on emotional egocentricity by showing that self-projection occurs when we make emotion attributions based on the other's emotional expressions, and supports the notion that perspective-taking tendencies play a role in the ability to understand the other's affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Trilla
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anne Weigand
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Attention related electrophysiological waves, such as P300, often deviate from norm in various populations of neuropsychiatric patients. For example, the amplitude is often smaller and the latency is often longer in major depressive disorder, in bipolar disorder and in schizophrenia. On the other hand, in other neuropsychiatric populations, it is often possible to note the opposite phenomena of larger P300 amplitude and shorter latency in comparison with norm, but only for a specific subset of stimuli. This is often reported in various anxiety disorders, substance abuse and various chronic pain syndromes. These findings in the various clinical populations, on their commonalities and differences, are presented in this work. The prevalence of these two types of deviations in the electrophysiological markers of attention, shared by multiple neuropsychiatric populations, raise interesting questions regarding the role of attention deviation and regulation in neuropsychiatry. We present these questions and outline a possible hypothesis in this regard. Furthermore, such potential sensitivity of the attention-related markers to clinical dynamics suggests they could be candidates for monitoring and, potentially, early-sensing of clinical dynamics. Therefore, we discuss the potential usability of such markers.
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21
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Bianchi R, da Silva Nogueira D. Burnout is associated with a depressive interpretation style. Stress Health 2019; 35:642-649. [PMID: 31475445 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this 188-participant study (65% female; mean age = 40.31) was to examine whether burnout and depression are associated with similar interpretation biases in the processing of emotional information. Burnout symptoms were assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and depressive symptoms with the 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire. Interpretation bias toward emotional information was examined using an amended version of the Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP). In the WSAP, participants are asked to decide whether emotionally-valenced words are related to ambiguous sentences. Burnout and depression were each associated with a higher endorsement of negative interpretations and a higher ratio of negative interpretations to positive interpretations. Negative word endorsement and positive word endorsement interacted in such a way that negative word endorsement was predictive of burnout and depression only when positive word endorsement levels were relatively low. Our findings suggest that burnout and depression are associated with similar alterations in the interpretation of ambiguous information. This study supports the view that burned out individuals perceive the world with "depressive glasses." Cognitive bias modification techniques employed in the treatment of depressive conditions may constitute relevant therapeutic options for "burned out" individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Bianchi
- Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel da Silva Nogueira
- Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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22
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Matsuo M, Masuda F, Sumi Y, Takahashi M, Yoshimura A, Yamada N, Kadotani H. Background Music Dependent Reduction of Aversive Perception and Its Relation to P3 Amplitude Reduction and Increased Heart Rate. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:184. [PMID: 31316359 PMCID: PMC6610262 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Music is commonly used to modify mood and has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic intervention. Despite the well-recognized effects of music on mood, changes in affective perception due to music remain majorly unknown. Here, we examined if the perception of aversive stimuli could be altered by mood-changing background music. Using subjective scoring data from 17 healthy volunteers, we assessed the effect of relaxing background music (RelaxBGM), busy background music (BusyBGM), or no background music (NoBGM) conditions on response to aversive white noise stimulation. Interestingly, affective response to the white noise was selectively alleviated, and white noise-related P3 component amplitude was reduced in BusyBGM. However, affective responses as well as P3 amplitude to reference pure tone stimuli were similar regardless of background music conditions. Interestingly, heart rate (HR) increased in BusyBGM, whereas no increase in HR was found in similar distress, NoBGM condition. These findings suggest that increase in HR, which happens during BusyBGM exposure, can be a reflecting feature of music that ameliorates the affective response to aversive stimuli, possibly through selective reduction in neurophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Fumi Masuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiyoshi Sumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadotani
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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23
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Behforuzi H, Feng NC, Billig AR, Ryan E, Tusch ES, Holcomb PJ, Mohammed AH, Daffner KR. Markers of Novelty Processing in Older Adults Are Stable and Reliable. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:165. [PMID: 31316374 PMCID: PMC6611344 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploratory behavior and responsiveness to novelty play an important role in maintaining cognitive function in older adults. Inferences about age- or disease-related differences in neural and behavioral responses to novelty are most often based on results from single experimental testing sessions. There has been very limited research on whether such findings represent stable characteristics of populations studied, which is essential if investigators are to determine the result of interventions aimed at promoting exploratory behaviors or draw appropriate conclusions about differences in the processing of novelty across diverse clinical groups. The goal of the current study was to investigate the short-term test-retest reliability of event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral responses to novel stimuli in cognitively normal older adults. ERPs and viewing durations were recorded in 70 healthy older adults participating in a subject-controlled visual novelty oddball task during two sessions occurring 7 weeks apart. Mean midline P3 amplitude and latency, mean midline amplitude during successive 50 ms intervals, temporospatial factors derived from principal component analysis (PCA), and viewing duration in response to novel stimuli were measured during each session. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no reliable differences in the value of any measurements between Time 1 and 2. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between Time 1 and 2 were excellent for mean P3 amplitude (ICC = 0.86), the two temporospatial factors consistent with the P3 components (ICC of 0.88 and 0.76) and viewing duration of novel stimuli (ICC = 0.81). Reliability was only fair for P3 peak latency (ICC = 0.56). Successive 50 ms mean amplitude measures from 100 to 1,000 ms yielded fair to excellent reliabilities, and all but one of the 12 temporospatial factors identified demonstrated ICCs in the good to excellent range. We conclude that older adults demonstrate substantial stability in ERP and behavioral responses to novel visual stimuli over a 7-week period. These results suggest that older adults may have a characteristic way of processing novelty that appears resistant to transient changes in their environment or internal states, which can be indexed during a single testing session. The establishment of reliable measures of novelty processing will allow investigators to determine whether proposed interventions have an impact on this important aspect of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hura Behforuzi
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicole C. Feng
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam R. Billig
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eliza Ryan
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erich S. Tusch
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Phillip J. Holcomb
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Abdul H. Mohammed
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Dai Q, Hu L, Feng Z. Attentional bias modification reduces clinical depression and enhances attention toward happiness. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 109:145-155. [PMID: 30551021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Difficulty in clinical antidepressant treatment leads to the pursuit of alternative treatments, such as cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). CBT combined with regular antidepressants have indicated an optimal therapeutic effect in clinic. Attentional bias is important in the occurrence and remission of depression, however, few studies have explored the effect of attentional bias modification (ABM) on depression, and inconsistent results have been obtained due to the heterogeneity in the targeted populations, training tasks, strategies, and materials. Hence, the current study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of ABM on depression in clinical depression. Study I was designed to explore the optimal training methods regarding task (dot-probe vs. cue-target), material (faces vs. self-referent words), and strategy (mixed ABM toward positive and away from negative stimuli vs. positive ABM toward positive stimuli) in unselected undergraduates once daily for 10 days (N = 309). Study II was carried out to observe the effect of 10 days ABM toward positive and away from negative faces (based on Study I) on clinical depression (N = 32). Depression level was assessed via a self-reporting questionnaire and a structured interview, while attentional bias was tested by cue-target task and attention to positive and negative inventory (APNI). In unselected undergraduates (Study I), two strategies significantly reduced the self-reporting depression scores: mixed ABM toward positive stimuli and away from negative stimuli with emotional faces, and positive ABM toward positive materials only with self-referent words. In patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (Study II), the mixed ABM with emotional faces resulted in enhanced attentional bias toward happy materials in the cue-target task and APNI, which predicted a delayed depression reduction in clinical depression at the one-month follow-up investigation. Our finding confirms the literature and broadens the knowledge with the evidence of the optimal therapeutic effect of ABM combined with regular antidepressants in clinical depression. The findings that a quick enhancement in positive attentional bias, predicting a later therapeutic effect on clinical depression reduction, indicate a potential mechanism that could underlie the therapeutic process of ABM in depression. The findings that two training strategies are effective in depression reduction suggest that different strategies should be utilized to treat different types of depression. This study offers a potential way to cure depression and could be further practiced in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dai
- Department of Nursing Psychology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Psychology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Lidan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Geleshan Psychiatric Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- Department of Psychology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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25
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26
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Sanger KL, Thierry G, Dorjee D. Effects of school-based mindfulness training on emotion processing and well-being in adolescents: evidence from event-related potentials. Dev Sci 2018; 21:e12646. [PMID: 29356254 PMCID: PMC6175003 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In a non-randomized controlled study, we investigated the efficacy of a school-based mindfulness curriculum delivered by schoolteachers to older secondary school students (16-18 years). We measured changes in emotion processing indexed by P3b event-related potential (ERP) modulations in an affective oddball task using static human faces. ERPs were recorded to happy and sad face oddballs presented in a stimulus stream of frequent faces with neutral expression, before and after 8 weeks of mindfulness training. Whilst the mean amplitude of the P3b, an ERP component typically elicited by infrequent oddballs, decreased between testing sessions in the control group, it remained unchanged in the training group. Significant increases in self-reported well-being and fewer doctor visits for mental health support were also reported in the training group as compared to controls. The observed habituation to emotional stimuli in controls thus contrasted with maintained sensitivity in mindfulness-trained students. These results suggest that in-school mindfulness training for adolescents has scope for increasing awareness of socially relevant emotional stimuli, irrespective of valence, and thus may decrease vulnerability to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevanne Louise Sanger
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and PracticeBangor UniversityBangorGwyneddUK
- School of PsychologyBangor UniversityBangorGwyneddUK
| | | | - Dusana Dorjee
- School of PsychologyBangor UniversityBangorGwyneddUK
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27
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Konijnenberg C, Jondalen NM, Husby MF, Melinder A. ERP correlates of cognitive control in children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine. Dev Neuropsychol 2018; 43:642-655. [PMID: 29979890 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2018.1493592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Much is still unknown about the potential long-term effects of prenatal methadone and buprenorphine exposure. We examined neural correlates of cognitive control in 19 prenatally methadone and buprenorphine exposed and 21 nondrug exposed children, aged 9-11 years. Children performed a modified version of the Eriksen Flanker task, which taps into selective attention, conflict response, and response inhibition mechanisms. We investigated behavioral responses and the ERP components N1, P2, N2, P3, and the late positive component (LPC). Children in the exposed group showed normal cognitive control function. However, an atypical ERP response related to perceptual and attention allocation processes was found in the exposed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Konijnenberg
- a Department of Psychology , Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences , Lillehammer , Norway.,b Cognitive Developmental Research Unit, Department of Psychology , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Nils Martin Jondalen
- b Cognitive Developmental Research Unit, Department of Psychology , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mikael Falkhaugen Husby
- b Cognitive Developmental Research Unit, Department of Psychology , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Annika Melinder
- b Cognitive Developmental Research Unit, Department of Psychology , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,c Oslo University Hospital, Child and Adolescent Mental Health , Oslo , Norway
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Dai Q, Yin X, Li H, Feng Z. Orbito-frontal cortex mechanism of inhibition of return in current and remitted depression. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2941-2954. [PMID: 29575563 PMCID: PMC6866481 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient inhibition of return (IOR) for emotional materials is an important cognitive biomarker of depression. However, its neural mechanism and role in depression remission remain largely unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study observed the neural foundation of inhibition of return in individuals with current (n = 30) and remitted (n = 27) depression and in healthy controls (n = 33), by using a cue-target task. The results showed that individuals with remitted depression (RMD) possessed a nonavoidant attention model for sad faces, which indicated a cue validity and was correlated with enhanced task- and resting-state activation and function connectivity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), in contrast, displayed an IOR effect for all faces, which indicated a strategy of attention avoidance due to the high cognitive burden in the cue-target task, and was correlated with decreased resting-state activation and function connectivity in OFC. Moreover, the hippocampus, a less-known cortex in IOR, showed a contrary model, that is, lower activation in depression remission and higher task- and resting-state activation in depressive episodes. The results suggest the OFC mechanism of the IOR effect in remitted depression and the hippocampus mechanism of the IOR effect in depressive episodes, which offer potential biomarkers for the clinical treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dai
- College of Psychology and SociologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of PsychologyThe Third Military Medical UniversityChong QingChina
- Department of NursingThe Third Military Medical UniversityChong QingChina
| | - Xuntao Yin
- Radiological DepartmentThe Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical UniversityChong QingChina
| | - Hong Li
- College of Psychology and SociologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- Department of PsychologyThe Third Military Medical UniversityChong QingChina
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29
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Rawls E, Jabr MM, Moody SN, Lamm C. Neural mechanisms underlying the link between effortful control and aggression: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:302-310. [PMID: 29935207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aggression and violence are social behaviors that exact a significant toll on human societies. Individuals with aggressive tendencies display deficits in effortful control, particularly in affectively charged situations. However, not all individuals with poor effortful control are aggressive. This study uses event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded from a large sample (n = 75 undergraduates) to decompose the chronology of neural mechanisms underlying the ability to effortfully-control behavior, and then explores whether deficits in these cognitive functions might then lead to aggressive behavior. This study investigated which ERPs moderate the effortful control - aggression association. We examined three successive ERP components, the P2, N2, and P3, which have been associated with attentional orienting, response conflict, and working memory updating, for stimuli that required effortful control. N2 amplitudes were larger for trials requiring a switch from a preplanned action strategy than trials where a preplanned action strategy was followed. Furthermore, results indicated that N2 activation, but not P2 or P3 activation, moderated the relationship between effortful control and aggression. Our results suggest that small (less negative) N2s moderate the association between effortful control and aggression. These effects were present only in negative contexts, and only for high-conflict trials. Results suggest that individual differences in neural processing efficiency contributes to the execution of effortfully controlled behavior and avoidance of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rawls
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Mejdy M Jabr
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Shannin N Moody
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Connie Lamm
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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30
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Landes I, Bakos S, Kohls G, Bartling J, Schulte-Körne G, Greimel E. Altered neural processing of reward and punishment in adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:23-33. [PMID: 29475180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered reward and punishment function has been suggested as an important vulnerability factor for the development of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Prior ERP studies found evidence for neurophysiological dysfunctions in reinforcement processes in adults with MDD. To date, only few ERP studies have examined the neural underpinnings of reinforcement processing in adolescents diagnosed with MDD. The present event-related potential (ERP) study aimed to investigate neurophysiological mechanisms of anticipation and consumption of reward and punishment in adolescents with MDD in one comprehensive paradigm. METHOD During ERP recording, 25 adolescents with MDD and 29 healthy controls (12-17 years) completed a Monetary Incentive Delay Task comprising both a monetary reward and a monetary punishment condition. During anticipation, the cue-P3 signaling attentional allocation was recorded. During consumption, the feedback-P3 and Reward Positivity (RewP) were recorded to capture attentional allocation and outcome evaluation, respectively. RESULTS Compared to controls, adolescents with MDD showed prolonged cue-P3 latencies to reward cues. Furthermore, unlike controls, adolescents with MDD displayed shorter feedback-P3 latencies in the reward versus punishment condition. RewPs did not differ between groups. LIMITATIONS It remains unanswered whether the observed alterations in adolescent MDD represent a state or trait. CONCLUSIONS Delayed neural processing of reward cues corresponds to the clinical presentation of adolescent MDD with reduced motivational tendencies to obtain rewards. Relatively shorter feedback-P3 latencies in the reward versus punishment condition could indicate a high salience of performance-contingent reward. Frequent exposure of negatively biased adolescents with MDD to performance-contingent rewards might constitute a promising intervention approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Landes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Bakos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany.
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32
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Weinberg A, Sandre A. Distinct Associations Between Low Positive Affect, Panic, and Neural Responses to Reward and Threat During Late Stages of Affective Picture Processing. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 3:59-68. [PMID: 29397080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal patterns of attention to threat and reward have been proposed as potential mechanisms of dysfunction in anxiety and mood disorders. However, research on this topic has been inconsistent, perhaps because of both clinical heterogeneity in the samples assessed and measurement of attentional biases that is temporally imprecise. METHODS The present study measured transdiagnostic symptoms of anxiety and depression in 205 young adults and recorded affect-modulated event-related potentials in response to task-irrelevant pictures in a speeded response task. RESULTS Low positive affect was uniquely associated with reduced modulation of later event-related potentials (i.e., the P300 and the late positive potential) by rewarding images, suggesting deficits in sustained attention to reward. Low positive affect was also associated with a blunted threat-elicited late positive potential. Symptoms of panic were associated with an increased N1 to rewarding images, as well as an increased late positive potential to all picture types. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that dysfunction in neural markers of sustained attention to threat and reward relate in specific ways to transdiagnostic symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression. Moreover, event-related potentials are likely to be useful in investigations of the time course of attentional abnormalities associated with these symptom dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Shirk SD, McLaren DG, Bloomfield JS, Powers A, Duffy A, Mitchell MB, Ezzati A, Ally BA, Atri A. Inter-Rater Reliability of Preprocessing EEG Data: Impact of Subjective Artifact Removal on Associative Memory Task ERP Results. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:322. [PMID: 28670264 PMCID: PMC5472725 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of EEG data routinely involves subjective removal of artifacts during a preprocessing stage. Preprocessing inter-rater reliability (IRR) and how differences in preprocessing may affect outcomes of primary event-related potential (ERP) analyses has not been previously assessed. Three raters independently preprocessed EEG data of 16 cognitively healthy adult participants (ages 18–39 years) who performed a memory task. Using intraclass correlations (ICCs), IRR was assessed for Early-frontal, Late-frontal, and Parietal Old/new memory effects contrasts across eight regions of interest (ROIs). IRR was good to excellent for all ROIs; 22 of 26 ICCs were above 0.80. Raters were highly consistent in preprocessing across ROIs, although the frontal pole ROI (ICC range 0.60–0.90) showed less consistency. Old/new parietal effects had highest ICCs with the lowest variability. Rater preprocessing differences did not alter primary ERP results. IRR for EEG preprocessing was good to excellent, and subjective rater-removal of EEG artifacts did not alter primary memory-task ERP results. Findings provide preliminary support for robustness of cognitive/memory task-related ERP results against significant inter-rater preprocessing variability and suggest reliability of EEG to assess cognitive-neurophysiological processes multiple preprocessors are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Shirk
- Mental Illness Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital (VHA)Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Donald G McLaren
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, United States.,Biospective, Inc.Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alex Powers
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston UniversityBoston, MA, United States
| | - Alec Duffy
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Meghan B Mitchell
- Department of Mental Health, Tewksbury HospitalTewksbury, MA, United States
| | - Ali Ezzati
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Brandon A Ally
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Alireza Atri
- Ray Dolby Brain Health Center and California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, California Pacific Medical CenterSan Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard UniversityBoston, MA, United States
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Benning SD, Ait Oumeziane B. Reduced positive emotion and underarousal are uniquely associated with subclinical depression symptoms: Evidence from psychophysiology, self-report, and symptom clusters. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1010-1030. [PMID: 28322458 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple models of aberrant emotional processing in depression have been advanced. However, it is unclear which of these models best applies to emotional disturbances in subclinical depressive symptoms. The current study employed a battery of psychophysiological measures and emotional ratings in a picture-viewing paradigm to examine whether the underarousal, low positive emotion, heightened negative emotion, or emotion context insensitivity model of emotional dysfunction in subclinical depressive symptoms received greatest support. Postauricular reflex and skin conductance response potentiation for pleasant minus neutral pictures (measuring low positive emotion), overall skin conductance magnitude and late positive potential (LPP) amplitude (measuring underarousal), and pleasant minus aversive valence ratings (measuring emotion context insensitivity) and aversive minus neutral arousal ratings (measuring heightened negative emotionality) were all negatively related to depressive symptomatology. Of these, postauricular reflex potentiation and overall LPP amplitude were incrementally associated with depressive symptoms over the other measures. Postauricular reflex potentiation, overall skin conductance magnitude, and aversive minus neutral arousal ratings were incrementally associated with depressive symptomatology after controlling for other symptoms of internalizing disorders. Though no model was unequivocally superior, the low positive emotion and underarousal models received the most support from physiological measures and symptom reports, with self-report data matching patterns consistent with the emotion context insensitivity model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belel Ait Oumeziane
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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35
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Fang X, Perfetti CA. Perturbation of old knowledge precedes integration of new knowledge. Neuropsychologia 2017; 99:270-278. [PMID: 28315367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of memory consolidation in integrating new knowledge has received much recent attention in the field of word learning. Less examined is the change in existing word knowledge as a result of learning, which we hypothesize to occur prior to the opportunity for consolidation. To test this, we had participants learn new meanings for known words and novel words. Then they performed a one-back task on a list of words that included the trained words followed by words that probed either their new or original meanings while EEGs were recorded. A probe word related to the new meaning of the preceding trained word did not show an N400 reduction compared to an unrelated word, suggesting that the new meaning had not been fully integrated, consistent with one account of complementary learning systems. However, when the probe word was related to the original meaning of the preceding trained word a perturbation effect was observed, indicated by a larger negativity at the central midline cluster (Cz) within 500-700 ms when the trained word had a new meaning than when presented as an exposure control. The perturbation effect suggests that even before a new meaning has become integrated with a word form, the attempt to learn a new meaning temporarily makes the original meaning of a word less accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Fang
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Charles A Perfetti
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Sokka L, Leinikka M, Korpela J, Henelius A, Lukander J, Pakarinen S, Alho K, Huotilainen M. Shifting of attentional set is inadequate in severe burnout: Evidence from an event-related potential study. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 112:70-79. [PMID: 27988179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with prolonged occupational stress often report difficulties in concentration. Work tasks often require the ability to switch back and forth between different contexts. Here, we studied the association between job burnout and task switching by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) time-locked to stimulus onset during a task with simultaneous cue-target presentation and unpredictable switches in the task. Participants were currently working people with severe, mild, or no burnout symptoms. In all groups, task performance was substantially slower immediately after task switch than during task repetition. However, the error rates were higher in the severe burnout group than in the mild burnout and control groups. Electrophysiological data revealed an increased parietal P3 response for the switch trials relative to repetition trials. Notably, the response was smaller in amplitude in the severe burnout group than in the other groups. The results suggest that severe burnout is associated with inadequate processing when rapid shifting of attention between tasks is required resulting in less accurate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sokka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marianne Leinikka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Korpela
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Henelius
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Lukander
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Pakarinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 1-5, P.O. Box 9, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Huotilainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland; CICERO Learning Network, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 1-5, P.O. Box 9, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Negativity bias for sad faces in depression: An event-related potential study. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:3552-3560. [PMID: 27833064 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negativity bias in depression has been previously confirmed. However, mainly during a valence category task, it remains unclear how happy or unhappy individuals perceive emotional materials. Moreover, cerebral alteration measurements during a valence judgment task is lacking. The present study aimed to explore a valence judgment of a valence rating task, combined with event-related potential (ERP) recording. METHODS Healthy controls, individuals with sub-clinical depression, and patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) were recruited. Twenty-four subjects in each group completed a valence rating task, during which the ERP amplitudes were recorded. RESULTS The MDD group had lower valence scores, faster responses, and greater N1 amplitudes for sad faces, whereas individuals with sub-clinical depression had faster responses and greater P1 amplitudes for all faces but lower valence scores and greater P2 amplitudes for happy faces. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the tendency toward a negativity bias in valence ratings in patients with depression supported by behavioral and cerebral evidence, which is a latent trait of depression, possibly associated with the vulnerability of depression. SIGNIFICANCE The current study offers the first experimental evidence of cognitive and cerebral biomarkers of negativity bias in valence ratings in depression, which confirms Beck's cognitive theory and gives important direction for clinical therapy.
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Hartigan A, Richards A. Disgust exposure and explicit emotional appraisal enhance the LPP in response to disgusted facial expressions. Soc Neurosci 2016; 12:458-467. [PMID: 27121369 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1182067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of prior exposure to disgusting imagery and the conscious appraisal of facial expressions were examined in an event-related potential (ERP) experiment. Participants were exposed to either a disgust or a control manipulation and then presented with emotional and neutral expressions. An assessment of the gender of the face was required during half the blocks and an affective assessment of the emotion in the other half. The emotion-related early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) ERP components were examined for disgust and neutral stimuli. Results indicated that the EPN was enhanced for disgusted over neutral expressions. Prior disgust exposure modulated the middle phase of the LPP in response to disgusted but not neutral expressions, but only when the emotion of the face was explicitly evaluated. The late LPP was enhanced independently of stimuli when an emotional decision was made. Results demonstrated that exposure to disgusting imagery can affect the subsequent processing of disgusted facial expressions when the emotion is under conscious appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hartigan
- a Affective and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences , Birkbeck College, University of London , London , UK
| | - Anne Richards
- a Affective and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences , Birkbeck College, University of London , London , UK
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39
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Mindfulness training for adolescents: A neurodevelopmental perspective on investigating modifications in attention and emotion regulation using event-related brain potentials. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 15:696-711. [PMID: 25846954 PMCID: PMC4526594 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness training is increasingly being introduced in schools, yet studies examining its impact on the developing brain have been scarce. A neurodevelopmental perspective on mindfulness has been advocated as a powerful tool to enhance our understanding of underlying neurocognitive changes that have implications for developmental well-being research and the implementation of mindfulness in education. To stimulate more research in the developmental cognitive neuroscience of mindfulness, this article outlines possible indexes of mindfulness-based change in adolescence, with a focus on event-related brain potential (ERP) markers. We provide methodological recommendations for future studies and offer examples of research paradigms. We also discuss how mindfulness practice could impact on the development of prefrontal brain structures and enhance attention control and emotion regulation skills in adolescents, impacting in turn on their self-regulation and coping skills. We highlight advantages of the ERP methodology in neurodevelopmental research of mindfulness. It is proposed that research using established experimental tasks targeting ERP components such as the contingent negative variability, N200, error-related negativity and error positivity, P300, and late positive potential could elucidate developmentally salient shifts in the neural plasticity of the adolescent brain induced by mindfulness practice.
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Izurieta Hidalgo NA, Oelkers-Ax R, Nagy K, Mancke F, Bohus M, Herpertz SC, Bertsch K. Time course of facial emotion processing in women with borderline personality disorder: an ERP study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016; 41:16-26. [PMID: 26269211 PMCID: PMC4688024 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a negative perception of others. Previous studies have revealed deficits and biases in facial emotion recognition. This study investigates the behavioural and electrophysiological correlates underlying facial emotion processing in individuals with BPD. METHODS The present study was conducted between July 2012 and May 2014. In an emotion classification task, unmedicated female patients with BPD as well as healthy women had to classify faces displaying blends of anger and happiness while the electroencephalogram was recorded. We analyzed visual event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting early (P100), structural (N170) and categorical (P300) facial processing in addition to behavioural responses. RESULTS We included 36 women with BPD and 29 controls in our analysis. Patients with BPD were more likely than controls to classify predominantly happy faces as angry. Independent of facial emotion, women with BPD showed enhanced early occipital P100 amplitudes. Additionally, temporo-occipital N170 amplitudes were reduced at right hemispherical electrode sites. Centroparietal P300 amplitudes were reduced particularly for predominantly happy faces and increased for highly angry faces in women with BPD, whereas in healthy volunteers this component was modulated by both angry and happy facial affect. LIMITATIONS Our sample included only women, and no clinical control group was investigated. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest reduced thresholds for facial anger and deficits in the discrimination of facial happiness in individuals with BPD. This biased perception is associated with alterations in very early visual as well as deficient structural and categorical processing of faces. The current data could help to explain the negative perception of others that may be related to the patients' impairments in interpersonal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Izurieta Hidalgo
- From the Department for General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of, Heidelberg, Germany (Izurieta Hidalgo, Nagy, Mancke, Herpertz, Bertsch); the Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Oelkers-Ax); and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bohus)
| | - Rieke Oelkers-Ax
- From the Department for General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of, Heidelberg, Germany (Izurieta Hidalgo, Nagy, Mancke, Herpertz, Bertsch); the Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Oelkers-Ax); and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bohus)
| | - Krisztina Nagy
- From the Department for General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of, Heidelberg, Germany (Izurieta Hidalgo, Nagy, Mancke, Herpertz, Bertsch); the Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Oelkers-Ax); and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bohus)
| | - Falk Mancke
- From the Department for General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of, Heidelberg, Germany (Izurieta Hidalgo, Nagy, Mancke, Herpertz, Bertsch); the Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Oelkers-Ax); and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bohus)
| | - Martin Bohus
- From the Department for General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of, Heidelberg, Germany (Izurieta Hidalgo, Nagy, Mancke, Herpertz, Bertsch); the Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Oelkers-Ax); and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bohus)
| | - Sabine C. Herpertz
- From the Department for General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of, Heidelberg, Germany (Izurieta Hidalgo, Nagy, Mancke, Herpertz, Bertsch); the Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Oelkers-Ax); and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bohus)
| | - Katja Bertsch
- From the Department for General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of, Heidelberg, Germany (Izurieta Hidalgo, Nagy, Mancke, Herpertz, Bertsch); the Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Oelkers-Ax); and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bohus)
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Yi CY, Murry MWE, Gentzler AL. Perception of Emotional Expressions in Adults. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Past research suggests that transient mood influences the perception of facial expressions of emotion, but relatively little is known about how trait-level emotionality (i.e., temperament) may influence emotion perception or interact with mood in this process. Consequently, we extended earlier work by examining how temperamental dimensions of negative emotionality and extraversion were associated with the perception accuracy and perceived intensity of three basic emotions and how the trait-level temperamental effect interacted with state-level self-reported mood in a sample of 88 adults (27 men, 18–51 years of age). The results indicated that higher levels of negative mood were associated with higher perception accuracy of angry and sad facial expressions, and higher levels of perceived intensity of anger. For perceived intensity of sadness, negative mood was associated with lower levels of perceived intensity, whereas negative emotionality was associated with higher levels of perceived intensity of sadness. Overall, our findings added to the limited literature on adult temperament and emotion perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Yuen Yi
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Amy L. Gentzler
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Soltani S, Newman K, Quigley L, Fernandez A, Dobson K, Sears C. Temporal changes in attention to sad and happy faces distinguish currently and remitted depressed individuals from never depressed individuals. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:454-63. [PMID: 26455760 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with attentional biases for emotional information that are proposed to reflect stable vulnerability factors for the development and recurrence of depression. A key question for researchers is whether those who have recovered from depression also exhibit attentional biases, and if so, how similar these biases are to those who are currently depressed. To address this question, the present study examined attention to emotional faces in remitted depressed (N=26), currently depressed (N=16), and never depressed (N=33) individuals. Participants viewed sets of four face images (happy, sad, threatening, and neutral) while their eye movements were tracked throughout an 8-s presentation. Like currently depressed participants, remitted depressed participants attended to sad faces significantly more than never depressed participants and attended to happy faces significantly less. Analyzing temporal changes in attention revealed that currently and remitted depressed participants did not reduce their attention to sad faces over the 8-s presentation, unlike never depressed participants. In contrast, remitted depressed participants attended to happy faces similarly to never depressed participants, increasing their attention to happy faces over the 8-s presentation. The implications for cognitive theories of depression and depression vulnerability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Soltani
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristin Newman
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leanne Quigley
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Dobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Sears
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Zhao Q, Tang Y, Chen S, Lyu Y, Curtin A, Wang J, Sun J, Tong S. Early perceptual anomaly of negative facial expression in depression: An event-related potential study. Neurophysiol Clin 2015; 45:435-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Grunewald M, Stadelmann S, Brandeis D, Jaeger S, Matuschek T, Weis S, Kalex V, Hiemisch A, von Klitzing K, Döhnert M. Early processing of emotional faces in a Go/NoGo task: lack of N170 right-hemispheric specialisation in children with major depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1339-52. [PMID: 26093649 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Emotionally biased information processing towards sad and away from happy information characterises individuals with major depression. To learn more about the nature of these dysfunctional modulations, developmental and neural aspects of emotional face processing have to be considered. By combining measures of performance (attention control, inhibition) in an emotional Go/NoGo task with an event-related potential (ERP) of early face processing (N170), we obtained a multifaceted picture of emotional face processing in a sample of children and adolescents (11-14 years) with major depression (MDD, n = 26) and healthy controls (CTRL, n = 26). Subjects had to respond to emotional faces (fearful, happy or sad) and withhold their response to calm faces or vice versa. Children of the MDD group displayed shorter N170 latencies than children of the CTRL group. Typical right lateralisation of the N170 was observed for all faces in the CTRL but not for happy and calm faces in the MDD group. However, the MDD group did not differ in their behavioural reaction to emotional faces, and effects of interference by emotional information on the reaction to calm faces in this group were notably mild. Although we could not find a typical pattern of emotional bias, the results suggest that alterations in face processing of children with major depression can be seen at early stages of face perception indexed by the N170. The findings call for longitudinal examinations considering effects of development in children with major depression as well as associations to later stages of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Grunewald
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,
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Bailey NW, Hoy KE, Maller JJ, Segrave RA, Thomson R, Williams N, Daskalakis ZJ, Fitzgerald PB. An exploratory analysis of Go/Nogo event-related potentials in major depression and depression following traumatic brain injury. Psychiatry Res 2014; 224:324-34. [PMID: 25452196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are estimated to be between 20% and 45%, a higher prevalence than that seen in the general population. These increased rates may be due to specific changes in brain function following TBI. Event related potentials (ERPs) are well suited for measuring the electrophysiological differences between groups in areas of cognitive processing impaired in both MDD and TBI, such as response inhibition. The current study presented an emotional Go/Nogo task (with schematic emotional faces as stimuli) to participants with TBI, participants with MDD, and participants with both TBI and MDD (TBI-MDD). Topographical distribution of activity and global field power comparisons were made across stimulus-locked epochs between these groups and healthy controls. The results indicated that ERPs were not altered by TBI alone. Both MDD and TBI-MDD groups showed similar alterations in topographical distribution and global field power in the N2 window, as well as late epoch alterations. The MDD and TBI-MDD groups showed significantly less fronto-central negativity during the N2 window in Nogo trials compared with the control group. The MDD and TBI-MDD groups also showed significantly less global field power in Nogo trials than Go trials during the N2 window while the control group showed the opposite pattern. The MDD and TBI-MDD groups showed no mood-congruent bias in behavioural or ERP measures. The results suggest that TBI-MDD displays similar electrophysiological changes to those found in the MDD group without TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil W Bailey
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jerome J Maller
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Segrave
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Thomson
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Williams
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Mardaga S, Iakimova G. Neurocognitive processing of emotion facial expressions in individuals with self-reported depressive symptoms: The role of personality and anxiety. Neurophysiol Clin 2014; 44:447-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Buodo G, Mento G, Sarlo M, Palomba D. Neural correlates of attention to emotional facial expressions in dysphoria. Cogn Emot 2014; 29:604-20. [PMID: 24919984 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.926862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether dysphoric individuals have a difficulty in disengaging attention from negative stimuli and/or reduced attention to positive information. Sad, neutral and happy facial stimuli were presented in an attention-shifting task to 18 dysphoric and 18 control participants. Reaction times to neutral shapes (squares and diamonds) and the event-related potentials to emotional faces were recorded. Dysphoric individuals did not show impaired attentional disengagement from sad faces or facilitated disengagement from happy faces. Right occipital lateralisation of P100 was absent in dysphoric individuals, possibly indicating reduced attention-related sensory facilitation for faces. Frontal P200 was largest for sad faces among dysphoric individuals, whereas controls showed larger amplitude to both sad and happy as compared with neutral expressions, suggesting that dysphoric individuals deployed early attention to sad, but not happy, expressions. Importantly, the results were obtained controlling for the participants' trait anxiety. We conclude that at least under some circumstances the presence of depressive symptoms can modulate early, automatic stages of emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mento
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Sarlo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Delle-Vigne D, Wang W, Kornreich C, Verbanck P, Campanella S. Emotional facial expression processing in depression: data from behavioral and event-related potential studies. Neurophysiol Clin 2014; 44:169-187. [PMID: 24930940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral literature investigating emotional processes in depressive populations (i.e., unipolar and bipolar depression) states that, compared to healthy controls, depressive subjects exhibit disrupted emotional processing, indexed by lower performance and/or delayed response latencies. The development of brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), provided the possibility to visualize the brain regions engaged in emotional processes and how they fail to interact in psychiatric diseases. However, fMRI suffers from poor temporal resolution and cognitive function involves various steps and cognitive stages (serially or in parallel) to give rise to a normal performance. Thus, the origin of a behavioral deficit may result from the alteration of a cognitive stage differently situated along the information-processing stream, outlining the importance of access to this dynamic "temporal" information. In this paper, we will illustrate, through depression, the role that should be attributed to cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs). Indeed, owing to their optimal temporal resolution, ERPs can monitor the neural processes engaged in disrupted cognitive function and provide crucial information for its treatment, training of the impaired cognitive functions and guidelines for clinicians in the choice and monitoring of appropriate medication for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Delle-Vigne
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), place Van Gehuchten, 4, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - W Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - C Kornreich
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), place Van Gehuchten, 4, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - P Verbanck
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), place Van Gehuchten, 4, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S Campanella
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), place Van Gehuchten, 4, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Jaworska N, De Somma E, Blondeau C, Tessier P, Norris S, Fusee W, Smith D, Blier P, Knott V. Auditory P3 in antidepressant pharmacotherapy treatment responders, non-responders and controls. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1561-9. [PMID: 23664712 PMCID: PMC3744638 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs), derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, can index electrocortical activity related to cognitive operations. The fronto-central P3a ERP is involved in involuntary processing of novel auditory information, whereas the parietal P3b indexes controlled attention processing. The amplitude of the auditory P3b has been found to be decreased in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, few studies have examined the relations between the P3b, the related P3a, and antidepressant treatment response. We tested 53 unmedicated individuals (25 females) with MDD, as well as 43 non-depressed controls (23 females) on the novelty oddball task, wherein infrequent deviant (target) and frequent standard (non-target) tones were presented, along with infrequent novel (non-target/distractor) sounds. The P3a and P3b ERPs were assessed to novel and target sounds, respectively, as were their accompanying behavioral performance measures. Depression ratings and the antidepressant response status were assessed following 12 weeks of pharmacotherapy with three different regimens. Antidepressant treatment non-responders had smaller baseline P3a/b amplitudes than responders and healthy controls. Baseline P3b amplitude also weakly predicted the extent of depression rating changes by week 12. Females exhibited larger P3a/b amplitudes than males. With respect to task performance, controls had more target hits than treatment non-responders. ERP measures correlated with clinical changes in males and with behavioral measures in females. These results suggest that greater (or control-like) baseline P3a/b amplitudes are associated with a positive antidepressant response, and that gender differences characterize the P3 and, by extension, basic attentive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jaworska
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada.
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Gable PA, Harmon-Jones E. Trait behavioral approach sensitivity (BAS) relates to early (<150 ms) electrocortical responses to appetitive stimuli. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 8:795-8. [PMID: 22717385 PMCID: PMC3791069 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Much past research has focused on how traits related to the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and avoidance motivation influence the almost obligatory attentional processing of aversive stimuli as measured as early as 100 ms into stimulus processing. These results fit with the functional importance assigned to the negativity bias. But do traits related to the behavioral approach system (BAS) influence attentional processing with similar rapidity? The present study addressed this unanswered question by testing whether trait BAS relates to event-related potentials (ERP) involved in rapid motivated attentional processing to appetitive stimuli. Results indicated that individual differences in BAS were correlated with larger ERP amplitudes as early as 100 ms into the processing of appetitive pictures. These results provide the first evidence linking trait approach motivational tendencies to very early stages of motivated attentional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Gable
- 505 Hackberry Lane, P.O. Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348;
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