• Infant development
• Infant health
• Postpartum anxiety
• Postpartum depression
• Quality of life

• Humans
• Female
• Depression, Postpartum/psychology
• Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis
• Quality of Life/psychology
• Infant
• Adult
• Postpartum Period/psychology
• Mothers/psychology
• Mental Health
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Anxiety/psychology
• Male
• Temperament

• behavior problems
• bonding
• depressive symptoms
• parental stress
• premature infant
• preterm infant
• school-age
• skin-to-skin contact

• Universität zu Köln

• Infant participation
• biological risk
• home environment

• Humans
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Infant
• Male
• Female
• Caregivers
• Activities of Daily Living
• Social Participation

• NICU
• parent stress
• perinatal stressors
• preterm birth

• Humans
• Female
• Stress, Psychological/psychology
• Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
• Longitudinal Studies
• Male
• Adult
• Parenting/psychology
• Mothers/psychology
• Mothers/statistics & numerical data
• Fathers/psychology
• Fathers/statistics & numerical data
• Infant, Newborn
• Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
• Infant
• California

• K23 HD096046 NICHD NIH HHS
• F32MH108283 and K23HD096046 NIH HHS

• EPI-MERES register
• Early child physical abuse
• French national health data system
• Maternal, prenatal and postnatal factors
• Nationwide cohort

• Anxiety
• Corticotropin-releasing factor
• Depression
• Glucocorticoids
• Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System
• Postpartum depression
• Pregnancy
• Psychological stress Puerperal disorders
• Puerperium

• Humans
• Stress, Psychological/metabolism
• Female
• Pregnancy
• Anxiety
• Animals
• Depression
• Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism

• disorders of sex development
• infancy and early childhood
• longitudinal research
• parent psychosocial functioning
• prematurity

• Female
• Infant
• Child
• Pregnancy
• Humans
• Male
• Parents/psychology
• Mothers/psychology
• Gestational Age
• Sexual Development
• Genitalia
• Fathers/psychology
• Depression/psychology

• R01 HD074579 NICHD NIH HHS
• National Institutes of Health
• Vaughn Vennerberg II Endowment

• Infant
• Infant, Newborn
• Female
• Humans
• Salaries and Fringe Benefits
• Mothers
• Breast Feeding
• Parents
• Policy

• Family functioning
• mental health
• parents
• premature birth
• stress

• Infant, Newborn
• Child
• Male
• Child, Preschool
• Female
• Humans
• Infant
• Infant, Extremely Premature
• Longitudinal Studies
• Prospective Studies
• Cohort Studies
• Parents
• Pain

• MOP-86489 CIHR
• MOP-79262 CIHR
• PJT-159795 CIHR

Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the main causes of neonatal deaths globally, with approximately 15 million infants are born preterm. Women from the Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) populations maybe at higher risk of PTB, therefore, the mental health impact on mothers experiencing a PTB is particularly important, within the BAME populations.

To determine the prevalence of mental health conditions among BAME women with PTB as well as the methods of mental health assessments used to characterise the mental health outcomes.

A systematic methodology was developed and published as a protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42020210863). Multiple databases were used to extract relevant data. I² and Egger’s tests were used to detect the heterogeneity and publication bias. A trim and fill method was used to demonstrate the influence of publication bias and the credibility of conclusions.

Thirty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria from a possible 3526. The prevalence rates of depression among PTB-BAME mothers were significantly higher than full-term mothers with a standardized mean difference of 1.5 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) 29%-74%. The subgroup analysis indicated depressive symptoms to be time sensitive. Women within the very PTB category demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of depression than those categorised as non-very PTB. The prevalence rates of anxiety and stress among PTB-BAME mothers were significantly higher than in full-term mothers (odds ratio of 88% and 60% with a CI of 42%-149% and 24%-106%, respectively).

BAME women with PTB suffer with mental health conditions. Many studies did not report on specific mental health outcomes for BAME populations. Therefore, the impact of PTB is not accurately represented in this population, and thus could negatively influence the quality of maternity services they receive.

• Preterm labor
• Preterm birth
• Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic
• Mental health
• Women’s health
• Wellbeing

• family
• intervention
• premature children
• preterm
• stress

• COVID-19 pandemic
• COVID-19–related experiences
• maternal self-efficacy
• parenting stress
• postpartum period
• protective factors
• psychosocial
• social support

• COVID-19/epidemiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology
• Female
• Humans
• Pandemics
• Parenting
• Postpartum Period/psychology
• Pregnancy
• SARS-CoV-2
• Self Efficacy

• K23 MH107714 NIMH NIH HHS

• Child welfare
• Integrative mind body spirit
• Mindfulness
• Parental stress

This study investigated the necessity for a parenting record handbook that is specifically tailored to the needs of low birth weight infants (LBWIs) and their families, especially mothers, who face parenting difficulties and challenges. The participants were 20 mothers, raising LBWIs, discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit. The mean age and weight of the children were 2.75 ± 0.35 years and 1417.50 ± 152.06 g, respectively; the mean duration of neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization was 78.75 ± 14.10 days. At the time of the study, 35% (7/20) were nursery children, 10% (2/20) were kindergarten children, 20% (4/20) were using rehabilitation centers, and 10% (2/20) were using the medical rehabilitation handbook. The needs of the mothers were investigated through focus group interviews or individual interviews, and content analyses were performed. The mothers required the promotion of peer support that assists the alleviation of mental burden and postpartum mental and physical care, as well as the publication of counseling service counters and reliable information sources for parenting difficulties in the parenting record handbook. The mothers required the publication and recording of the growth indicators of LBWIs, parenting records, information management of children since birth, and for the handbook to function as a multidisciplinary information sharing tool. In addition, the requirements for the parenting record handbook were the early provision of the parenting record handbook and measures to cope with poor maternal physical condition. The results of this study suggest that mothers with LBWIs require a parenting record handbook that can provide comprehensive maternal and child health assurance, starting from pregnancy, to resolve childcare difficulties for LBWIs, as well as mental support.

• growth and development evaluation
• low birth weight infant
• mother
• postdischarge
• qualitative research

• Adaptation, Psychological
• Child
• Female
• Humans
• Infant
• Infant, Low Birth Weight/psychology
• Infant, Newborn
• Mothers/psychology
• Parenting/psychology
• Postpartum Period
• Pregnancy

• PDI interview
• parent mentalization
• parental reflective functioning
• parenting stress
• prematurity

• Child
• Female
• Humans
• Mental Disorders/epidemiology
• Mental Disorders/etiology
• Mothers
• Parenting/psychology
• Pregnancy
• Prospective Studies
• Stress, Psychological/epidemiology
• Stress, Psychological/psychology

• DSES
• Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
• PSS-NICU
• preterm neonates
• spirituality

• Premature birth
• attentional system
• neurodevelopmental disorders
• pre-schoolers

• parent/guardian/caregiver well-being
• early child development
• child gestational age
• child temperament
• toddler

• Child Development
• Child, Preschool
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Infant
• Infant, Newborn
• Parenting
• Parents
• Pregnancy
• Premature Birth
• Prospective Studies

• R01 DK108969 NIDDK NIH HHS
• UL1 TR002733 NCATS NIH HHS

Increased survival in the very preterm population results in a higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental and behavioral disabilities among survivors. We examined the outcomes of very preterm infants and parents after a preventive intervention program of four home visits by a specialized nurse, 5 days, 2 weeks, and 1 month after discharge, respectively, and at CA 2 months, followed by up to 12 times of group sessions between CA 3 and 6 months. Our multicenter randomized controlled trial assessed 138 preterm infants (gestational age ≤30 weeks or birth weight ≤1500 g) enrolled from the three participating hospitals. We randomly allocated the preterm babies to either the intervention or the control group. The primary outcome was the neurodevelopmental outcomes of Bayley-III scores at CA 10 and 24 months. At CA 10 months and 24 months, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in the cognitive, motor, and language domains of Bayley-III scores. In addition, there were no significant differences in the mother’s depression scale, mother–child attachment, and the modified Infant and Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment.

• intervention
• neurodevelopmental
• preterm
• prevention
• primary outcome
• very low birth weight

• Frühgeborenes
• infant temperament
• kindliches Temperament
• maternal sensitivity
• mütterliche Sensibilität
• prematuro
• preterm
• prématuré
• sensibilidad materna
• sensibilité maternelle
• temperamento del infante
• tempérament du nourrisson
• الخدج، مزاج الرضيع، الحساسية الأمومية
• 乳幼児の気質
• 婴儿气质
• 早产
• 早期産
• 母亲敏感性
• 母親の応答性

The preterm birth of a child is a sudden event that can disturb the overall family system and its functioning. Many studies have been conducted with the aim of exploring how and the degree to which this event affects the early mother–infant dyadic relationship and maternal well-being, with often mixed findings. The present study investigates the combined effect of preterm birth and parenting stress on mind-mindedness, a parenting dimension that captures how parents represent and treat their children as separate individuals with their own mental states and activities. A hundred and ten mothers and their three-month-old infants (preterm = 54; full-term = 56) participated in the study. Mind-mindedness was assessed by coding mothers’ comments about infant’s mental states during dyadic face-to-face interaction. Parenting stress was evaluated with the Parenting Stress Index Short Form questionnaire. Mothers of preterm infants reported similar levels of appropriate and non-attuned mind-related comments to mothers of full-term infants. The reported parenting stress levels were also comparable. Interestingly, only mothers of preterm infants who reported higher stress in parenting showed more non-attuned comments during the interaction. The results underline the need to address preterm birth as a complex event, going beyond group differences and considering its interplay with other risk or protective factors in shaping children’s and parents’ adjustments and well-being.

• mind-mindedness
• mother–infant interaction
• parenting
• parenting stress
• preterm birth

• ESPT lié à la naissance
• Frühgeburt
• Mind-Mindednees
• Orientation mentale
• apoyo social
• childbirth-related posttraumatic stress
• disposición de la mente
• elterlicher Stress
• estrés de crianza
• estrés postraumático relacionado con dar a luz
• geburtsbedingter posttraumatischer Stress
• mind-mindedness
• nacimiento prematuro
• naissance prématurée
• parenting stress
• preterm birth
• social support
• soutien social
• soziale Unterstützung
• stress de parentage
• التخاطب الذهني، الولادة المبتسرة، إجهاد الأبوة والأمومة، الدعم الاجتماعي، الإجهاد ما بعد الصدمة المرتبطة بالولادة
• マインド−マインドネス
• 出産に関連する心的外傷後ストレス
• 分娩相关的创伤后压力
• 心智
• 早产
• 早期産
• 社会支持
• 社会的サポート
• 育儿压力
• 育児ストレス

• neonatal follow-up
• parenting stress
• preterm infants

Background: Early childhood intervention (ECI) is a holistic approach for infants with or at risk for psychomotor and/or cognitive and/or behavioral impairment. It aims to optimally support them and positively influence their neurodevelopmental outcome. The right dosage of intervention and when the intervention should start are still to be determined. Hypothesis: Parents are more satisfied when the duration of ECI is longer (120 min once a week) than the usual 90-min session.

Methods: We developed a parental questionnaire (both mother and father) that evaluated the level of satisfaction of parents with the intervention. We compared 120 with 90 min of ECI per week during the school year 2017/18. Included were parents of very low birth weight infants (<1,500 g) following informed consent. ECI was initiated at the NICU at an infant age of ≥ 2 weeks. Parents were randomized (https://www.randomizer.at/) to a 120- or 90-min duration and had to answer the questionnaire to the approximate time-point of 1, 3, and 6 months. Answers were classified as strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, and strongly disagree except for the last question, which directly rated the ECI professional.

Results: Eleven fathers (55%) and 19 mothers (95%) of the 10 parents of each group participated in the study. Demographic data did not differ between groups, and the median time-points of questionnaire answers were 77, 137, and 220 days, respectively. Overall, 120-min ECI sessions were not superior to 90-min sessions for both parents regarding parental satisfaction during the study time. We found no differences between fathers and mothers and minimal changes over time. All parents were satisfied with the ECI professionals, irrespective of ECI duration.

Conclusion: An ECI duration of 120 min once per week was not superior to a 9- min duration regarding parental satisfaction with ECI professionals and their work.

• Likert scales
• duration
• family support
• interdisciplinary early intervention
• neonatal intensive care unit
• preterm infant
• questionnaire
• very low birth weight

Maternal stress following the birth of an infant is well acknowledged. It is particularly so when infants are born prematurely as their mothers cannot fully take on their parenting role until their infant(s) is discharged from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In this exploratory study, we examined whether these mothers’ parenting stress would lessen during their first-year reunification with their infant(s) as they settle into motherhood at home.

Two groups of mothers with infants born between 24- and 33-week gestational age were recruited. A group of 25 mothers were monitored at their infants’ 1-month corrected age (CA) and a second group of 24 mothers were monitored at their infants’ 12-month CA. Subjects completed the long form Parental Stress Index (PSI) ranking how stressful they perceive the individual subscales in the Child and Parent Domains of the self-reported questionnaire (PSI-3; Abidin; PAR Inc). The PSI theorizes that the stress mothers perceive is a resultant of their respective characteristics, interactions with their infant(s), family, and environment. Statistical analyses include descriptive statistics, χ² square analysis, and independent t-test.

There was no significant difference in the levels of perceived stress in the PSI subscales between the two groups of mothers at 1- and 12-month CA. Scores for the majority of respondents fell within the 15th to 80th percentile (% ile) distribution of Abidin’s normative population, with some mothers falling below the 15th % ile.

The data collected suggest that: 1. the perceived stress experienced by mothers during their first-year reunited with their preterm infants is within the normal range observed in Abidin’s normative population. 2. As the PSI is a self-reported survey, care providers need to be aware that some mothers may downplay their stress responses. 3. With the ability to monitor individual participants, the PSI can be readily offered to mothers at their infants’ first year routine clinical visits to assist in the early identification of parenting issues that may threaten the development of a healthy mother-infant dyad. Early appropriate guidance and social support would help “at-risk” mothers develop more constructive parenting routines.

• Maternal stress perception
• Parenting[al] Stress Index [stress index]
• Preterm mother-infant dyad

A randomized controlled trial study recruited 146 preterm born children, either to participate in a modified version of the Mother–Infant Transaction Program (MITP-m) or to receive the usual follow-up services, before and after discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit. This follow-up study investigates whether MITP participation is associated with parental perceptions of child temperament from two to seven years. Children’s temperament was reported by mothers and fathers separately at children’s ages of 2, 3, 5, and 7 years. Parents in the MITP-m group reported lower levels of negative emotionality in their children compared to the control group. In maternal reports, a group effect (F(1, 121) = 9.7, p = 0.002) revealed a stable difference in children’s negative emotionality from two to seven years, while a group-by-time interaction related to an increasing difference was detected in reports from fathers (F(1, 94) = 4.8, p = 0.03). Another group difference appeared in fathers’ reports of children’s soothability (F(1, 100) = 14.2, p < 0.0005). MITP-m fathers seemed to perceive their children as easier to soothe at all ages as no interaction with time appeared. Parental reports on children’s sociality, shyness, and activity did not differ between the groups.

• RCT design
• long-term follow-up
• parenting
• prematurity
• temperament

• Funktionieren der Paarbeziehung
• Säuglingsgesundheit
• Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal
• Unités Néonatales de Soins Intensifs
• couple functioning
• elterlicher Stress
• estrés de crianza
• familiäre Auswirkungen
• family impact
• fonctionnement du couple
• funcionamiento como pareja
• impact sur la famille
• impacto sobre la familia
• infant health
• neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
• neonatologische Intensivstationen (NICU)
• parental stress
• salud infantil
• santé du bébé
• stress de parentage
• الكلمات الرئيسية: وحدات العناية المركزة لحديثي الولادة ، صحة الرضع ، إجهاد الوالدين ، أداء الزوجين ، تاثير الأسرة
• カ ップル機能
• 乳幼児の健康
• 夫妻关系
• 婴儿健康
• 家庭影响
• 家族への影響
• 新生儿重症监护室 (NICU)
• 新生児特定集中治療室(NICU)
• 育儿压力
• 親のストレス

• anxiety
• cortisol
• depression
• ovarian hormones
• postpartum
• preterm birth

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Depression/psychology
• Depression, Postpartum/psychology
• Female
• Humans
• Infant
• Male
• Mother-Child Relations
• Mothers
• Parenting
• Pregnancy
• Self Concept
• Temperament
• Young Adult

• Grantová Agentura České Republiky
• European Regional Development Fund

• Acceptance and commitment therapy
• Maternal mental health
• Neonatal intensive care
• Postpartum depression
• Psychological flexibility

• CHD
• Health-related quality of life
• risk factors
• single-ventricle

Parenting a preterm infant is more challenging than a full-term one. Parent involvement in early intervention programs seems to have positive psychosocial effects on both the child and parent. CareToy is an innovative smart system that provides an intensive individualized home-based family-centred EI in preterm infants between 3 and 9 age-corrected months. A RCT study, preceded by a pilot study, has been recently carried out to evaluate the effects of CareToy intervention on neurodevelopmental outcomes with respect to Standard Care. This study aims at evaluating the effects of CareToy early intervention on parenting stress in preterm infants. Parents (mother and father) of a subgroup of infants enrolled in the RCT filled out a self-report questionnaire on parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF)) before (T0) and after (T1) the CareToy or Standard Care period (4 weeks), according to the allocation of their preterm infant. For twins, an individual questionnaire for each one was filled out. Results obtained from mothers and fathers were separately analysed with nonparametric tests. 44 mothers and 44 fathers of 44 infants (24 CareToy/20 Standard Care) filled out the PSI-SF at T0 and at T1. CareToy intervention was mainly managed by mothers. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in Parental Distress subscale in the CareToy group versus Standard Care was found in the mothers. No differences were found among the fathers. CareToy training seems to be effective in reducing parental distress in mothers, who spent more time on CareToy intervention. These findings confirm the importance of parental involvement in early intervention programs. This trial is registered with Clinical Trial.gov NCT01990183.

• Cancer
• Cognitive reappraisal
• Depression
• Emotion regulation
• Oncology
• Parenting stress

Despite advances in antenatal and neonatal care, preterm birth remains a leading cause of neurological disabilities in children. Infants born prematurely, particularly those delivered at the earliest gestational ages, commonly demonstrate increased rates of impairment across multiple neurodevelopmental domains. Indeed, the current literature establishes that preterm birth is a leading risk factor for cerebral palsy, is associated with executive function deficits, increases risk for impaired receptive and expressive language skills, and is linked with higher rates of co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorders. These same infants also demonstrate elevated rates of aberrant cerebral structural and functional connectivity, with persistent changes evident across advanced magnetic resonance imaging modalities as early as the neonatal period. Emerging findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations increasingly suggest that aberrant connectivity within key functional networks and white matter tracts may underlie the neurodevelopmental impairments common in this population.

This review begins by highlighting the elevated rates of neurodevelopmental disorders across domains in this clinical population, describes the patterns of aberrant structural and functional connectivity common in prematurely-born infants and children, and then reviews the increasingly established body of literature delineating the relationship between these brain abnormalities and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We also detail important, typically understudied, clinical, and social variables that may influence these relationships among preterm children, including heritability and psychosocial risks.

Future work in this domain should continue to leverage longitudinal evaluations of preterm infants which include both neuroimaging and detailed serial neurodevelopmental assessments to further characterize relationships between imaging measures and impairment, information necessary for advancing our understanding of modifiable risk factors underlying these disorders and best practices for improving neurodevelopmental trajectories in this high-risk clinical population.

• Functional connectivity
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Prematurity
• Structural connectivity

• beliefs
• early childhood
• parental training
• preterm
• scaffolding
• self-regulation

• Attachment
• obstetric outcomes
• parenting stress
• prenatal
• well-being

• ACEs
• Adverse childhood experiences
• Child disability
• Child health

• Adverse Childhood Experiences
• Caregivers
• Child Abuse/psychology
• Child Health
• Child of Impaired Parents/psychology
• Child of Impaired Parents/statistics & numerical data
• Child, Preschool
• Disabled Persons
• Divorce/statistics & numerical data
• Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data
• Exposure to Violence/statistics & numerical data
• Family Characteristics
• Female
• Humans
• Infant Health
• Male
• Socioeconomic Factors
• Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
• Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
• United States/epidemiology

• R25 HD074544 NICHD NIH HHS
• 67038 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
• 74260 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
• R01 HD036916 NICHD NIH HHS
• P2C HD058486 NICHD NIH HHS

• Preterm
• parenting stress
• trajectories

• Child
• Child Development
• Child, Preschool
• Fathers/psychology
• Female
• Humans
• Infant, Newborn
• Infant, Premature/psychology
• Male
• Mother-Child Relations/psychology
• Mothers/psychology
• Parent-Child Relations
• Parenting/psychology
• Parents/psychology
• Premature Birth/psychology

• Lausanne Trilogue Play
• family interactions
• parenting
• preterm birth

• Mothers
• Premature infant
• Quality of life