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Dong Y, Pang D, Xiang J, Chao G, Kuang X. Exploring the benefits of traditional Chinese exercises (Tai Chi and Qigong) on the anxiety and depression of older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2025; 104:e41908. [PMID: 40128068 PMCID: PMC11936652 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000041908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) significantly improve anxiety and depression in older adults. However, studies on the effects of different exercise durations, frequencies, and intensities in this population are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the impact of TCEs on anxiety and depression, and explores the optimal exercise parameters, aiming to provide evidence for nonpharmacological treatment options in clinical practice. METHODS As of August 2023, we conducted a literature search through 3 English electronic databases to identify relevant studies. We included studies that met our criteria. During the literature inclusion process, we used Review Manager 5.4 to create flow diagrams, assess the risk of bias, and perform statistical analyses. RESULTS A total of 31 eligible studies involving 2501 participants were included. Compared with the control group, TCEs showed significant improvements in anxiety (standardized mean differences [SMD] = -0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.78 to -0.08, P = .03, I2 = 96%) and depression (SMD = -1.14, 95% CI: -1.82 to -0.47, P = .03, I2 = 96%). Subgroup analyses indicated that an intervention duration of 12 to 16 weeks yielded the largest effect size for anxiety (SMD = -1.36, 95% CI: -2.36 to -0.36, P = .008), while the 24-week group showed the largest effect size for depression (SMD = -0.87, 95% CI: -1.43 to -0.30, P = .002). For intervention frequency, a regimen of 3 to 4 times per week produced the largest effect size for anxiety (SMD = -2.34, 95% CI: -4.69 to 0.02, P = .05), whereas a frequency of 5 to 7 times per week demonstrated the largest effect size for depression (SMD = -1.00, 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.17, P = .02). Regarding single-session exercise duration, a group exercising for 40 to 60 minutes showed the largest effect sizes for anxiety (SMD = -1.38, 95% CI: -2.40 to -0.37, P = .007) and depression (SMD = -0.75, 95% CI: -1.07 to -0.42, P < .00001). CONCLUSION The results indicate that TCEs significantly alleviate anxiety and depression in older adults, with intervention frequency, intensity, and duration potentially influencing the outcomes. However, heterogeneity across studies was observed, primarily due to differences in intervention types and control group designs. These findings offer valuable guidance for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjian Dong
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Dan Pang
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Preschool Teachers College, Wuhan, China
| | - Guodong Chao
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Kuang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guilin University, Guilin, China
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Moon I, Yun KK, Jennings M. Utilization and Perceived Need for Mental Health Services Among Homeless Seniors. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:1596-1605. [PMID: 39012399 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Homeless seniors confront distinct challenges regarding their mental health needs and service access. This study aims to illuminate the mental health landscape of homeless seniors by examining the prevalence of mental illness, utilization of mental health services, and perceived need for mental health care. The study comprises 177 homeless seniors in New York, NY. Findings indicate 10.2% experiencing depression, 10.2% schizophrenia, and 5.7% bipolar disorder. Despite high prevalence, there is a significant gap between diagnosed mental health conditions and service utilization, with only 50% of those with depression seeking care. Perceived need for mental health services emerges as a critical aspect of the study, with over half of those suffering from depression (61.1%; n = 11), PTSD (75%; n = 3), schizophrenia (77.8%; n = 14), and other mental illnesses (100%; n = 1) expressing a need for mental health care. Also, mental health conditions, loneliness, and levels of social support play significant roles in a need for mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingyu Moon
- Anna Maria College, Social Work, 50 Sunset Ln, Paxton, MA, 01612, USA.
| | - Kwi Kim Yun
- Alliance University School of Social Work, 2 Washington St, New York, NY, 10004, USA
| | - Mark Jennings
- Project FIND in the Fan Fox and Leslie R. Samuels Foundation, 160 W 71st St, 2F, New York, NY, 10023, USA
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3
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Hittner JB, Widholm CD. Meta-analysis of the association between gratitude and loneliness. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:2520-2535. [PMID: 38741417 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Gratitude is a positive social emotion that involves recognizing that others have brought benefits into one's life. Loneliness, on the other hand, is an unpleasant emotion resulting from a perceived lack of social connectedness. Although previous studies have reported an inverse association between gratitude and loneliness, these studies have not been systematically examined in a single review. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to examine the association between gratitude and loneliness. Analysis of 26 studies revealed a moderate sized effect (mean Fisher's z transformed correlation, zr = -.406, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -.463, -.349; mean back-transformed correlation, r = -.385, 95% CI = -.433, -.335). To complement these effect sizes, we calculated a probability-based common language effect size for correlations. Random-effects homogeneity testing suggested the presence of effect size heterogeneity. Analyses of both continuous and categorical moderators were non-significant, indicating that these variables did not influence effect size magnitude. Furthermore, publication bias tests suggested that our results were not influenced by unpublished studies. Finally, we proposed several statistical and clinical recommendations for future research. Regarding the latter, we offered suggestions for modifying gratitude enhancement programs with the aim of reducing loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Hittner
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Calvin D Widholm
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Song K, Chung S. Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Obsession with COVID-19 among Older Adults. Psychiatr Q 2024; 95:221-231. [PMID: 38634940 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-024-10070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people were socially isolated for their protection against the virus impacting their mental health. Aiming to explore the role of loneliness and social isolation in the obsession with COVID-19 among older adults, we conducted an anonymous online survey with 300 older adults aged 65-80 years in South Korea between January and February 2023. The survey collected demographic information, past psychiatric history, medical disease, current psychological distress, and experiences related to COVID-19. Rating scales were the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Coronavirus Reassurance-seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6), and Loneliness and Social Isolation Scale (LSIS). The regression analysis revealed that CRBS (β = 0.55, p < 0.001) and SAVE-6 (β = 0.34, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of obsession with COVID-19 (adjusted R2 = 0.63, F = 126.9, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that loneliness and social isolation had a positive total effect on obsession with COVID-19, mediated by reassurance-seeking behavior and viral anxiety (Standardized Estimator = 0.21, standard error = 0.05, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.41). Loneliness and social isolation were found to be indirectly linked to obsession with COVID-19 through reassurance-seeking behavior and viral anxiety. The findings highlight the importance of addressing loneliness and social isolation among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent obsession with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, 53, Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05368, Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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5
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Joo S, Lee Y, Kim HK. Characterizing different patterns of digital competence and their associations with loneliness and social isolation among older adults: findings from South Korea. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:858-865. [PMID: 37938112 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2277872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the advent of worldwide internet networks in the digital age, digital competence can play an important role in decreasing loneliness and social isolation in older adults. This study characterized different patterns of digital competence among older adults and examined their associations with loneliness and social isolation. METHOD The sample included 315 older Korean adults (M = 68.79, range = 65-84) who completed an online survey. RESULTS Latent profile analysis identified four different profiles of digital competence, including 1) low activity (28%) who did not choose digital participation despite advanced technical skills, 2) unskilled (13%) who had limited technical skills, 3) passive participation (25%) who was motivated for digital interactions even with insufficient technical skills, and 4) active participation (34%) who were involved in digital activities with the necessary skills. Additionally, the unskilled profile had relatively higher levels of loneliness than did the active participation profile. The passive participation and low activity profiles showed the highest level of social isolation, followed by the unskilled, and active participation profiles. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that understanding different profiles of digital competence and facilitating active digital participation related to specific profiles can be an effective strategy to reduce older adults' social isolation and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Joo
- BK21 Symbiotic Society and Design, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeseul Lee
- Department of Child and Family Studies/Human Life and Innovation Design, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoun K Kim
- Department of Child and Family Studies/Human Life and Innovation Design, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Junger N, Hirsch O. Ethics of Nudging in the COVID-19 Crisis and the Necessary Return to the Principles of Shared Decision Making: A Critical Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57960. [PMID: 38601812 PMCID: PMC11005480 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nudging, a controversial technique for modifying people's behavior in a predictable way, is claimed to preserve freedom of choice while simultaneously influencing it. Nudging had been largely confined to situations such as promoting healthy eating choices but has been employed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in a shift towards measures that involve significantly less choice, such as shoves and behavioral prods. Shared decision making (SDM), a method for direct involvement and autonomy, is an alternative approach to communicate risk. Predominantly peer-reviewed scientific publications from standard literature databases like PubMed, PsycInfo, and Psyndex were evaluated in a narrative review. The so-called fear nudges, as well as the dissemination of strongly emotionalizing or moralizing messages can lead to intense psycho-physical stress. The use of these nudges by specialized units during the COVID-19 pandemic generated a societal atmosphere of fear that precipitated a deterioration of the mental and physical health of the population. Major recommendations of the German COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study, which are based on elements of nudging and coercive measures, do not comply with ethical principles, basic psychological principles, or evidence-based data. SDM was misused in the COVID-19 crisis, which helped to achieve one-sided goals of governments. The emphasis on utilitarian thinking is criticized and the unethical behavior of decision makers is explained by both using the concept of moral disengagement and the maturity level of coping strategies. There should be a return to an open-ended, democratic, and pluralistic scientific debate without using nudges. It is therefore necessary to return to the origins of SDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Junger
- Psychology, Independent Researcher, Tübingen, DEU
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Siegen, DEU
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Baek J, Kim B, Park S, Ryu B. Loneliness Among Low-Income Older Immigrants Living in Subsidized Senior Housing: Does Perceived Social Cohesion Matter? JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2024; 67:80-95. [PMID: 37246421 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2023.2216741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the level of loneliness among older immigrants residing in subsidized senior housing with that of non-immigrant residents. The study also sought to examine the differential influence of perceived social cohesion on loneliness among these groups. 231 study participants were recruited from subsidized senior housing in St. Louis and the Chicago area. Multiple regression analyses showed that there was a significant difference in loneliness between immigrants and non-immigrants (b = .3, SE = 0.150, p < .05). Also, perceived social cohesion was negatively associated with loneliness (b=-.102, SE = .022, p < .001). Furthermore, immigration status moderated the relationship (b=-.147, SE = .043, p < .01), showing immigrants may benefit more from higher perceived social cohesion in terms of loneliness. The results suggest that perceived social cohesion may act as an important community-level protective factor against loneliness, particularly for older immigrants residing in subsidized senior housing. Creating socially cohesive environments, particularly for this subgroup, could be a crucial strategy for mitigating loneliness. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Baek
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - BoRin Kim
- Department of Social Work, College of Health and Human Services, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sojung Park
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Byeongju Ryu
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
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Mishra B, Pradhan J, Dhaka S. Identifying the impact of social isolation and loneliness on psychological well-being among the elderly in old-age homes of India: the mediating role of gender, marital status, and education. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:684. [PMID: 37864212 PMCID: PMC10589928 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation and loneliness can be detrimental to the overall functioning of the older adults. The study examines the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the psychological well-being of older adults residing in various old-age homes in India and investigates the mediating role of gender, marital status, and education level in the way social isolation and loneliness affect psychological well-being. METHODS Data has been collected from 320 individuals aged sixty years or above. Data were collected using standardized measures like Lubben Social Network Scale- 6, revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and shortened version of psychological well-being scale by Ryff & Keyes (1995). Multivariate and mediation analysis were performed to understand the associations of social isolation and loneliness with psychological well-being. RESULTS A statistically significant MANOVA effect was obtained for social isolation (F = 3.836, p < .01), and loneliness (F = 3.782, p < .01). Gender and education as independent factors were significantly associated with the psychological well-being of individuals. However, both gender and education did not mediate the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the psychological well-being of older adults. Further, marital status had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between social isolation, loneliness, and psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study can be incorporated into measures aiming at alleviation of feelings of social isolation and loneliness among the elderly. Further, the findings can be used to design various intervention strategies aimed at the reduction of social isolation and loneliness among older adults and the restoration of their psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijeta Mishra
- National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | | | - Suman Dhaka
- Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
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9
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Smith ML, Chen E, Lau CA, Davis D, Simmons JW, Merianos AL. Effectiveness of chronic disease self-management education (CDSME) programs to reduce loneliness. Chronic Illn 2023; 19:646-664. [PMID: 35957597 DOI: 10.1177/17423953221113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With about half of older adults reporting feelings of loneliness, interventions are needed to improve connectedness among our aging population. The health benefits of Chronic Disease Self-Management Education (CDSME) programs are well documented, but workshops' ability to reduce loneliness remains unknown. METHODS Using the Campaign to End Loneliness Measurement Tool, we examined 295 CDSME participants' loneliness changes before and after the 6-week face-to-face workshops. Statistical analyzes used generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS On average, participants were age 74.3(±8.9) years and self-reported 3.3(±2.2) chronic conditions. The majority of participants were female (83%) and attended workshops in English (77%). Significant reductions in loneliness scores were observed from baseline to post-workshop (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Findings expand our understanding about the benefits of small-group CDSME workshops to reduce loneliness among participants. CDSME workshops may reduce loneliness because of their highly interactive and process-driven format and ability to create bonds between participants with chronic conditions and shared experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lee Smith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Dianne Davis
- Partners in Care Foundation, San Fernando, CA, USA
| | | | - Ashley L Merianos
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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10
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Tariq J, Zakar R, Ali MV, Zakar MZ, Sajjad A, Fischer F. Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults: a cross-sectional study in senior care facilities of Pakistan (2019/20). BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:349. [PMID: 37277717 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published research on senior care facilities in Pakistan is scarce and no large-scale study has been conducted to assess factors affecting well-being of older adults in these facilities. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with services along with socio-demographic characteristics on physical, psychological, and social well-being of older residents living in senior care facilities of Punjab, Pakistan. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected data from 270 older residents living in 18 senior care facilities across 11 districts of Punjab, Pakistan from November 2019 to February 2020 using multistage random sampling. Existing reliable and valid scales were used to collect information from older adults related to relocation autonomy (Perceived Control Measure Scale), loneliness (de Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale), satisfaction with service quality (Service Quality Scale), physical and psychological well-being (General Well-Being Scale), and social well-being (Duke Social Support Index). A psychometric analysis of these scales was carried out followed by three separate multiple regression analyses to predict physical, psychological, and social well-being from socio-demographic variables and key independent variables (relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with service quality). RESULTS The results of multiple regression analyses showed that the models predicting physical (R2 = 0.579), psychological (R2 = 0.654), and social well-being (R2 = 0.615) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Number of visitors was a significant predictor of physical (b = 0.82, p = 0.01), psychological (b = 0.80, p < 0.001), and social (b = 2.40, p < 0.001) well-being. Loneliness significantly predicted physical (b = -0.14, p = 0.005), psychological (b = -0.19, p < 0.001), and social (b = -0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Control over relocation process significantly predicted physical (b = 0.56, p < 0.001) and psychological (b = 0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Satisfaction with services significantly predicted physical (b = 0.07, p < 0.001) and social (b = 0.08, p < 0.001) well-being. CONCLUSION Pragmatic, equitable and cost-effective interventions are needed to improve the wellbeing of older residents living in senior care facilities. Friendly behavior of mobilizing staff and adjusted residents to facilitate new residents, therapeutic interventions such as relocation support programs, reminiscence therapy and intergenerational support, and increasing their exposure and connection to the outside world, can raise their physical, psychological, and social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Tariq
- Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rubeena Zakar
- Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Vaqas Ali
- Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Amal Sajjad
- University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Bavarian Research Center for Digital Health and Social Care, Kempten University of Applied Sciences, Kempten, Germany.
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Smith JL, Thomas V, Azmitia M. Happy Alone? Motivational Profiles of Solitude and Well-Being Among Senior Living Residents. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2023; 96:312-334. [PMID: 35861793 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on solitude in older adulthood is scarce, and findings are mixed on whether time alone at this age is risky or beneficial. A mixed-method study was conducted to examine patterns of motivations for solitude among senior living residents (N = 397, Mage = 83) and associations with well-being. Cluster analyses identified four motivational profiles: Low, Positive, Negative, and Dual. Overall, those with Low and Positive motivations for solitude displayed greater levels of well-being on both hedonic (e.g., life satisfaction) and eudaimonic (e.g., personal growth) measures; in particular, the Positive profile showed significantly higher levels of psychological richness. Themes drawn from responses to open-ended survey questions asking about the benefits and challenges of both socializing and being alone are discussed in light of the four motivational profiles, and implications for aging services are discussed.
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12
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Gonyea JG, O'Donnell AE, Curley A, Trieu V. Food insecurity and loneliness amongst older urban subsidised housing residents: The importance of social connectedness. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e5959-e5967. [PMID: 36124722 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food insecurity and loneliness are shockingly large and growing problems in the older population in the U.S. and globally. Thus, the study's primary aim was to investigate the prevalence as well as the association between these two social determinants of health in the marginalised and often underserved population of older residents of urban subsidised housing (also referred to as social housing or affordable housing). Of particular interest was whether a greater sense of loneliness increases the risk of older residents being food insecure. The study uses survey data gathered through in-person interviews conducted onsite in English or Spanish with 216 of the 300 older adults (72% response rate) living in a subsidised housing community in a central neighbourhood of a U.S. northeastern city. Amongst the 216 participants, 50% identified as Black and 45% identified as Latino. In addition to food insecurity and loneliness, the survey assessed participants' health, food access challenges, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results revealed a 34% food insecurity prevalence rate amongst the participants which is higher than the estimate of slightly less than 10% of the U.S. older population being food insecure. The participants' 34% loneliness rate was also higher than the 19%-29% prevalence range in U.S. older population studies. Bivariate analyses highlighted the interrelatedness or intertwining of food insecurity, loneliness, poor health and food access challenges whilst a series of logistic regressions further explored the significant association of loneliness with food insecurity. Loneliness increased the odds ratio of food insecurity in the binary (unadjusted) regression (p < 0.001, OR = 3.1) and the multivariate (adjusted) regression that included all covariates (p < 0.05, OR = 2.4). Overall, the findings underscore the need for greater awareness of loneliness as a public health threat as well as future research exploring how loneliness may intensify the health consequences of food insecurity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith G Gonyea
- School of Social Work, Faculty Affiliate, Center for Innovation in Social Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arden E O'Donnell
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Curley
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vy Trieu
- Sargent College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Peroni L, Armaingaud D, Yakoubi T, Rothan-Tondeur M. Social Representations of Urinary Incontinence in Caregivers and General Population: A Focus Group Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12251. [PMID: 36231551 PMCID: PMC9566006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a major public health problem. Although trivialized, it affects nearly 9% of the world's population and its prevalence increases with age. It affects many people living in nursing homes. In the literature, there is a lot of information on its symptoms, risk factors and therapeutic approaches, but its social representations are rarely studied. The objective of this qualitative focus-group study is to understand the social representations of urinary incontinence of caregivers of institutionalized elderly people, but also of the general population. Seven focus groups were organized with 41 participants. The data collected were analyzed both manually and using Atlas.Ti software. For caregivers and the general population, urinary incontinence remains a misunderstood and disturbing subject: judged as too intimate, embarrassing, and shameful, it is even considered uninteresting by those who are not affected, with some going so far as to make fun of those affected. It is also represented as a real difficulty for relationships: it can be a source of conflict, but also of questioning by the role of caregiver. However, it is also represented as a means of increasing the empowerment of the residents concerned, thanks to the choice of their means of protection. This study has enabled us to gain a deeper understanding of the social representations of caregivers and the general population on urinary incontinence in the elderly, but also to highlight the various preventive and educational actions that could be taken to improve the management of this health problem. It is part of a larger research program that aims at understanding the representations of urinary incontinence of caregivers, the general population, but also of course, of residents in nursing homes and their carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Peroni
- University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Nursing Sciences Research Chair, Laboratory Educations and Health Promotion (LEPS), (UR 3412), UFR SMBH, F-93017, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Korian Foundation for the Ageing Well, 21-25 rue Balzac, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Didier Armaingaud
- Korian Foundation for the Ageing Well, 21-25 rue Balzac, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Tassadit Yakoubi
- University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Nursing Sciences Research Chair, Laboratory Educations and Health Promotion (LEPS), (UR 3412), UFR SMBH, F-93017, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Monique Rothan-Tondeur
- University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Nursing Sciences Research Chair, Laboratory Educations and Health Promotion (LEPS), (UR 3412), UFR SMBH, F-93017, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000 Bobigny, France
- AP HP, Nursing Sciences Research Chair, 55 Boulevard Diderot, 75012 Paris, France
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14
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Merritt SH, Krouse M, Alogaily RS, Zak PJ. Continuous Neurophysiologic Data Accurately Predict Mood and Energy in the Elderly. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091240. [PMID: 36138976 PMCID: PMC9497070 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly have an elevated risk of clinical depression because of isolation from family and friends and a reticence to report their emotional states. The present study explored whether data from a commercial neuroscience platform could predict low mood and low energy in members of a retirement community. Neurophysiologic data were collected continuously for three weeks at 1Hz and averaged into hourly and daily measures, while mood and energy were captured with self-reports. Two neurophysiologic measures averaged over a day predicted low mood and low energy with 68% and 75% accuracy. Principal components analysis showed that neurologic variables were statistically associated with mood and energy two days in advance. Applying machine learning to hourly data classified low mood and low energy with 99% and 98% accuracy. Two-day lagged hourly neurophysiologic data predicted low mood and low energy with 98% and 96% accuracy. This study demonstrates that continuous measurement of neurophysiologic variables may be an effective way to reduce the incidence of mood disorders in vulnerable people by identifying when interventions are needed.
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15
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Alcohol Consumption, Loneliness, Quality of Life, Social Media Usage and General Anxiety before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095636. [PMID: 35565030 PMCID: PMC9105322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aims to identify factors associated with anxiety levels of adults living in Singapore before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using a web-based survey conducted from July to November 2020, accruing 264 eligible participants. Ordered logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), ranked as minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14), and severe (15-21) before and during the pandemic. About 74% of participants were female, 50% were aged 25-34, and 50% were married. The GAD-7 level went up from the pre-pandemic for moderate (12.5% to 16%) and severe GAD (2% to 11%). Alcohol consumption (AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.04-3.06), loneliness (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.54), and difficulty in switching off social media (AOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.29-3.79) predicted increased GAD-7 levels. The quality of life (AOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.90) was significantly associated with decreased GAD-7 levels. The results heighten the awareness that early initiation of mental health support is crucial for the population in addition to the various financial support measures provided by the government as they are adapting to live with the COVID-19 pandemic.
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16
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O’Shea BQ, Finlay JM, Kler J, Joseph CA, Kobayashi LC. Loneliness Among US Adults Aged ≥55 Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic : Findings From the COVID-19 Coping Study. Public Health Rep 2021; 136:754-764. [PMID: 34283657 PMCID: PMC8579390 DOI: 10.1177/00333549211029965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness is associated with increased risks of adverse health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults. We estimated the prevalence of loneliness and identified key sociodemographic, employment, living, and health-related risk factors for loneliness among adults aged ≥55 during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, when much of the country was under shelter-in-place orders. METHODS We collected data from online questionnaires in the COVID-19 Coping Study, a national study of 6938 US adults aged ≥55 from April 2 through May 31, 2020. We estimated the population-weighted prevalence of loneliness (scores ≥6 of 9 on the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale), overall and by sociodemographic, employment, living, and health-related factors. We used population-weighted modified Poisson regression models to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs for the associations between these factors and loneliness, adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and education level. RESULTS Overall, we estimated that 29.5% (95% CI, 27.9%31.3%) of US adults aged ≥55 were considered high in loneliness in April and May 2020. In population-weighted adjusted models, loneliness was the most prevalent among those who reported depression, who were not married or in a relationship, who lived alone, and who were unemployed at the onset of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS We identified subpopulations of middle-aged and older adults who were vulnerable to loneliness during a period when COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders were in place across most of the country. These insights may inform the allocation of resources to mitigate an unintended health consequence during times of restricted activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Q. O’Shea
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica M. Finlay
- Social Environment and Health Program, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jasdeep Kler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carly A. Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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17
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Dang Q, Bai R, Zhang B, Lin Y. Family functioning and negative emotions in older adults: the mediating role of self-integrity and the moderating role of self-stereotyping. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2124-2131. [PMID: 32723079 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1799940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine a possible mediator role of self-integrity and a moderator role of self-stereotyping in the relationship between family functioning and negative emotions in older adults. METHOD A total of 1186 older adults participated in the current study. They completed measures related to family functioning, self-integrity, self-stereotyping, depression, anxiety, and loneliness. RESULTS Older adults with family dysfunction experienced more negative emotions than those with healthy family functioning, a finding which could be explained by the levels of self-integrity. Older adults with high levels of self-stereotyping, unhealthy family functioning, and low self-integrity were significantly more likely to be depressed and anxious than those with low levels of self-stereotyping. CONCLUSION Family functioning negatively predicted negative emotions, self-integrity mediated the link between family functioning and negative emotions, and self-stereotyping moderated the direct and indirect effects of family functioning on depression and anxiety via self-integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiu Dang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruibei Bai
- Health Center of the Children, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Lin
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Pinedo R, Vicario-Molina I, González Ortega E, Palacios Picos A. Factors Related to Mental Health During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain. Front Psychol 2021; 12:715792. [PMID: 34504464 PMCID: PMC8422965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease has forced governments to adopt exceptional measures. The lockdown decreed in Spain in 2020 required citizens to stay confined at home, which might have affected their mental health. The objective is to identify factors that influenced adults' mental health during this period. A sample of 3,508 adults from the Spanish general population completed an online survey that collected sociodemographic data and information about daily planning and activities, healthy habits, loneliness, coping humor and mental health. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. According to the results, the proposed model showed good fit values, and latent variables explained 30% of the variance in mental health. Loneliness, coping humor, healthy habits, age and gender had a significant weight in the prediction of mental health during lockdown. Area of residence, number of days of confinement and number of people in the household were not related to mental health. This study addresses the effect of COVID-19 and social distancing measures by identifying risk and protective factors for the development of mental health difficulties. There is a need to target specific and early interventions aimed at mitigating the psychological impact of the pandemic while increasing well-being, especially in more vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Pinedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Valladolid, Segovia, Spain
| | - Isabel Vicario-Molina
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva González Ortega
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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19
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Byrne KA, Anaraky RG, Dye C, Ross LA, Chalil Madathil K, Knijnenburg B, Levkoff S. Examining Rural and Racial Disparities in the Relationship Between Loneliness and Social Technology Use Among Older Adults. Front Public Health 2021; 9:723925. [PMID: 34532308 PMCID: PMC8438168 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.723925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness, the subjective negative experience derived from a lack of meaningful companionship, is associated with heightened vulnerability to adverse health outcomes among older adults. Social technology affords an opportunity to cultivate social connectedness and mitigate loneliness. However, research examining potential inequalities in loneliness is limited. This study investigates racial and rural-urban differences in the relationship between social technology use and loneliness in adults aged 50 and older using data from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 4,315). Social technology use was operationalized as the self-reported frequency of communication through Skype, Facebook, or other social media with family and friends. Loneliness was assessed using the UCLA Loneliness scale, and rural-urban differences were based on Beale rural-urban continuum codes. Examinations of race focused on differences between Black/African-American and White/Caucasian groups. A path model analysis was performed to assess whether race and rurality moderated the relationship between social technology use and loneliness, adjusting for living arrangements, age, general computer usage. Social engagement and frequency of social contact with family and friends were included as mediators. The primary study results demonstrated that the association between social technology use and loneliness differed by rurality, but not race. Rural older adults who use social technology less frequently experience greater loneliness than urban older adults. This relationship between social technology and loneliness was mediated by social engagement and frequency of social contact. Furthermore, racial and rural-urban differences in social technology use demonstrated that social technology use is less prevalent among rural older adults than urban and suburban-dwelling older adults; no such racial differences were observed. However, Black older adults report greater levels of perceived social negativity in their relationships compared to White older adults. Interventions seeking to address loneliness using social technology should consider rural and racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaileigh A. Byrne
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Reza Ghaiumy Anaraky
- Department of Human-Centered Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Cheryl Dye
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Lesley A. Ross
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Kapil Chalil Madathil
- Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Bart Knijnenburg
- Department of Human-Centered Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Sue Levkoff
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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20
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Self-affirmation training can relieve negative emotions by improving self-integrity among older adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Alhambra-Borrás T, Blouws TA, Gil-Salmerón A, Durá-Ferrandis E, Z. Kalula S. Older people’s dialogue about loneliness and social support: a cross-cultural qualitative study conducted in Spain and South Africa ( Diálogo entre las personas mayores sobre la soledad y el apoyo social: un estudio cualitativo transcultural en España y Sudáfrica). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2021.1940702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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An Intentionally Designed Walking Program for Seniors Results in Enhanced Community Connection. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:44-53. [PMID: 34348232 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Social connection is vital for older adults' physical and psychological well-being, yet nearly one third of them report feeling lonely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a monthly walking program (walking once a month for 8 months) on older adults' community connection. Older adults (Mage = 78.06 ± 5.98 years) completed a focus group at the completion of the program (n = 15). Qualitative findings indicate that participation in the walking program led to enhanced social connection. Researchers developed six major themes: (1) frequent and engaging walking programs, (2) benefits of group activity, (3) enhanced social connections, (4) connection to the community, (5) knowledge about transit, and (6) personal well-being, and 10 subthemes. Implications from this study highlight the importance of designing a walking program with older adults' needs and desires in mind.
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23
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Bonsaksen T, Thygesen H, Leung J, Ruffolo M, Schoultz M, Price D, Østertun Geirdal A. Video-Based Communication and Its Association with Loneliness, Mental Health and Quality of Life among Older People during the COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6284. [PMID: 34200670 PMCID: PMC8296058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the use of video-based communication and its association with loneliness, mental health and quality of life in older adults (60-69 years versus 70+ years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA and Australia during April/May 2020, and 836 participants in the relevant age groups were included in the analysis. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between the use of video-based communication tools and loneliness, mental health and quality of life within age groups, while adjusting by sociodemographic variables. Video-based communication tools were found to be more often used among participants aged 60-69 years (60.1%), compared to participants aged 70 or above (51.8%, p < 0.05). Adjusting for all variables, the use of video-based communication was associated with less loneliness (β = -0.12, p < 0.01) and higher quality of life (β = 0.14, p < 0.01) among participants aged 60-69 years, while no associations were observed for participants in the oldest age group. The use of video-based communication tools was therefore associated with favorable psychological outcomes among participants in their sixties, but not among participants in the oldest age group. The study results support the notion that age may influence the association between the use of video-based communication tools and psychological outcomes amongst older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418 Elverum, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, 4306 Sandnes, Norway;
| | - Hilde Thygesen
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, 4306 Sandnes, Norway;
- Prosthetics and Orthotics, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Janni Leung
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Mary Ruffolo
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Mariyana Schoultz
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
| | - Daicia Price
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Amy Østertun Geirdal
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway;
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna McHugh Power
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Republic of Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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25
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Follmann A, Schollemann F, Arnolds A, Weismann P, Laurentius T, Rossaint R, Czaplik M. Reducing Loneliness in Stationary Geriatric Care with Robots and Virtual Encounters-A Contribution to the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094846. [PMID: 34062776 PMCID: PMC8124278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The bans on visiting nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic, while intended to protect residents, also have the risk of increasing the loneliness and social isolation that already existed among the older generations before the pandemic. To combat loneliness and social isolation in nursing homes, this trial presents a study during which social networks of nursing home residents and elderly hospital patients were maintained through virtual encounters and robots, respectively. The observational trial included volunteers who were either residents of nursing homes or patients in a geriatric hospital. Each volunteer was asked to fill in a questionnaire containing three questions to measure loneliness. The questionnaire also documented whether video telephony via the robot, an alternative contact option (for example, a phone call), or no contact with relatives had taken place. The aim was to work out the general acceptance and the benefits of virtual encounters using robots for different roles (users, relatives, nursing staff, facilities). Seventy volunteers with three possible interventions (non-contact, virtual encounters by means of a robot, and any other contact) took part in this trial. The frequency of use of the robot increased steadily over the course of the study, and it was regularly used in all facilities during the weeks of visitor bans (n = 134 times). In the hospital, loneliness decreased significantly among patients for whom the robot was used to provide contact (F(1,25) = 7.783, p = 0.01). In the nursing homes, no demonstrable effect could be achieved in this way, although the subject feedback from the users was consistently positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Follmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.A.); (P.W.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
- Docs in Clouds TeleCare GmbH, Vaalser Straße 460, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Franziska Schollemann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.A.); (P.W.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Arnolds
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.A.); (P.W.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Pauline Weismann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.A.); (P.W.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Thea Laurentius
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.A.); (P.W.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael Czaplik
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.A.); (P.W.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
- Docs in Clouds TeleCare GmbH, Vaalser Straße 460, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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26
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Boyd M, Calvert C, Tatton A, Wu Z, Bloomfield K, Broad JB, Hikaka J, Higgins AM, Connolly MJ. Lonely in a crowd: loneliness in New Zealand retirement village residents. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:481-493. [PMID: 32290882 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The number of older people choosing to relocate to retirement villages (RVs) is increasing rapidly. This choice is often a way to decrease social isolation while still living independently. Loneliness is a significant health issue and contributes to overall frailty, yet RV resident loneliness is poorly understood. Our aim is to describe the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in a New Zealand RV population. DESIGN A resident survey was used to collect demographics, social engagement, loneliness, and function, as well as a comprehensive geriatric assessment (international Resident Assessment Instrument [interRAI]) as part of the "Older People in Retirement Villages Study." SETTING RVs, Auckland, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS Participants included RV residents living in 33 RVs (n = 578). MEASUREMENTS Two types of recruitment: randomly sampled cohort (n = 217) and volunteer sample (n = 361). Independently associated factors for loneliness were determined through multiple logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Of the participants, 420 (72.7%) were female, 353 (61.1%) lived alone, with the mean age of 81.3 years. InterRAI assessment loneliness (yes/no question) was 25.8% (n = 149), and the resident survey found that 37.4% (n = 216) feel lonely sometimes/often/always. Factors independently associated with interRAI loneliness included being widowed (adjusted OR 8.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.15-16.48), being divorced/separated/never married (OR 4.76; 95% CI 2.15-10.54), poor/fair quality of life (OR 3.37; 95% CI 1.43-7.94), moving to an RV to gain more social connections (OR 1.55; 95% CI 0.99-2.43), and depression risk (medium risk: OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.53-4.35; high risk: OR 4.20, 95% CI 1.47-11.95). CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of older people living in RVs reported feelings of loneliness, particularly those who were without partners, at risk of depression and decreased quality of life and those who had moved into RVs to increase social connections. Early identification of factors for loneliness in RV residents could support interventions to improve quality of life and positively impact RV resident health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Boyd
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
- Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl Calvert
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Annie Tatton
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
- Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
| | - Katherine Bloomfield
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
- Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna B Broad
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
- Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Hikaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
- Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ann-Marie Higgins
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
| | - Martin J Connolly
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
- Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
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27
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Experiences of loneliness among older people living alone. A qualitative study in Quebec (Canada). AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this article, we analyse experiences of loneliness among older people living alone. Current knowledge suggests that loneliness is a significant social issue that can compromise health and wellbeing, and that seniors living alone are at a higher risk of loneliness. Based on a qualitative methodological approach and semi-structured interviews conducted with 43 people aged 65 or over living alone in Montreal (Quebec, Canada), this study sought to understand how they perceive, reflect on and react to loneliness. The results show that these seniors perceive loneliness as a dynamic, and rarely static, experience, which has a very different significance, depending on whether it is chosen or circumstantially imposed. The experience of loneliness recounted by the seniors we met is characterised by its heterogeneity, and involves, to varying degrees, their relationship to themselves (solitude), to others (family (and friends) loneliness and loneliness in love) and/or to the world (existential loneliness and aloneness). Lastly, our analyses highlight how social factors, such as age, gender, marital status, social network and socio-economic conditions, shape the experience of loneliness among seniors. These factors also influence the strategies that seniors develop to prevent or alleviate loneliness, strategies that yield very mixed results.
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28
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Bonsaksen T, Schoultz M, Thygesen H, Ruffolo M, Price D, Leung J, Geirdal AØ. Loneliness and Its Associated Factors Nine Months after the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-National Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2841. [PMID: 33799497 PMCID: PMC7999676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been a global healthcare concern impacting multiple aspects of individual and community wellness. As one moves forward with different methods to reduce the infection and mortality rates, it is critical to continue to study the impact that national and local "social distancing" policies have on the daily lives of individuals. The aim of this study was to examine loneliness in relation to risk assessment, measures taken against risks, concerns, and social media use, while adjusting for sociodemographic variables. The cross-sectional study collected data from 3474 individuals from the USA, the UK, Norway, and Australia. Loneliness was measured with the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Multiple linear regression was used in the analysis of associations between variables. The results showed that concerns about finances were more strongly associated with social loneliness, while concerns about the future was more strongly associated with emotional loneliness. Longer daily time spent on social media was associated with higher emotional loneliness. In conclusion, pandemic-related concerns seem to affect perceptions of loneliness. While social media can be used productively to maintain relationships, and thereby prevent loneliness, excessive use may be counterproductive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418 Elverum, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, 4306 Sandnes, Norway;
| | - Mariyana Schoultz
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
| | - Hilde Thygesen
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, 4306 Sandnes, Norway;
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mary Ruffolo
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Daicia Price
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Janni Leung
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Amy Østertun Geirdal
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway;
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Fields N, Xu L, Greer J, Murphy E. Shall I compare thee…to a robot? An exploratory pilot study using participatory arts and social robotics to improve psychological well-being in later life. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:575-584. [PMID: 31851830 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1699016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that the use of creative, artistic activities in later life may positively impact the psychological well-being of older adults. Social robots have been utilized in research with older adults, however, few studies have integrated participatory arts (e.g. theatre) into social robotic platforms for the purpose of implementing a psychosocial intervention with this population. An interdisciplinary team designed and delivered an intervention integrating theatre and social robotics with the aim of improving the psychological well-being of study participants both with and without cognitive impairment who live in a residential care setting. A purposive sample of older adults age 65 and older (N = 15) participated in this 3-session pilot study that involved a Shakespeare participatory art activity using the robot, NAO. Pre and post tests were conducted before and after each session with measures of depression, loneliness, and a simplified face scale for mood were asked. Results from Repeated Measurement Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that depression, loneliness and face scores had significantly decrease across six time periods and these declines differed between people with dementia and those without dementia. In addition, only significant changes of depression before and after the intervention were found between persons with and without dementia. We discuss the promising aspects of using social robotics as a platform for participatory arts interventions with older adults and offer lessons learned from the use of innovative technology in residential care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Fields
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Julienne Greer
- College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Erin Murphy
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Hoang P, Whaley C, Thompson K, Ho V, Rehman U, Boluk K, Grindrod KA. Evaluation of an Intergenerational and Technological Intervention for Loneliness: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e23767. [PMID: 33595443 PMCID: PMC7929741 DOI: 10.2196/23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social integration and mental health are vital aspects of healthy aging. However, close to half of Canadians older than 80 years report feeling socially isolated. Research has shown that social isolation leads to increased mortality and morbidity, and various interventions have been studied to alleviate loneliness among older adults. This proposal presents an evaluation of an intervention that provides one-on-one coaching, is intergenerational, provides both educational and socialization experiences, and increases technology literacy of older adults to overcome loneliness. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the protocol of a randomized, mixed-methods study that will take place in Ontario, Canada. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if an intergenerational technology literacy program can reduce social isolation and depression in older adults via quantitative and qualitative outcome measures. METHODS This study is a randomized, mixed-methods, feasibility trial with 2 conditions. Older adults in the intervention condition will receive 1 hour of weekly technological assistance to send an email to a family member, for 8 weeks, with the assistance of a volunteer. Participants in the control condition will not receive any intervention. The primary outcomes are loneliness, measured using the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and depression, measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, both of which are measured weekly. Secondary outcomes are quality of life, as assessed using the Older People's Quality of Life-Brief version, and technological literacy, evaluated using the Computer Proficiency Questionnaire-12, both of which will be administered before and after the intervention. Semistructured interviews will be completed before and after the intervention to assess participants' social connectedness, familiarity with technology, and their experience with the intervention. The study will be completed in a long-term care facility in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS This study was funded in April 2019 and ethical approval was obtained in August 2019. Recruitment for the study started in November 2019. The intervention began in February 2020 but was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The trial will be restarted when safe. As of March 2020, 8 participants were recruited. CONCLUSIONS Information and communication technology interventions have shown varying results in reducing loneliness and improving mental health among older adults. Few studies have examined the role of one-on-one coaching for older adults in addition to technology education in such interventions. Data from this study may have the potential to provide evidence for other groups to disseminate similar interventions in their respective communities. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/23767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,enTECH Computer Club, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Whaley
- enTECH Computer Club, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Thompson
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Venus Ho
- enTECH Computer Club, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Uzma Rehman
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Karla Boluk
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly A Grindrod
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Bedaso TS, Han B. Work after retirement affects elderly mental health and behaviors in Addis Ababa. Health Psychol Open 2021; 8:2055102921996189. [PMID: 33717495 PMCID: PMC7917865 DOI: 10.1177/2055102921996189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of being without a job post-retirement on mental health (depression, life satisfaction) and behaviors (alcohol and cigarette). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 330 Ethiopians aged 60-69. Compared to workers, retirees without a job reported higher depression, lower life satisfaction, and hazardous drinking (d = .49, .39 and φ = .65, respectively). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that being without a job post-retirement was associated with depression and life dissatisfaction. Thus, greater emphasis has to be given to improve the mental health and behaviors of retired elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Sirak Bedaso
- Key Lab of Mental Health (Institute of Psychology),
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Buxin Han
- Key Lab of Mental Health (Institute of Psychology),
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Vitman Schorr A, Yehuda I, Tamir S. Loneliness, Malnutrition and Change in Subjective Age among Older Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E106. [PMID: 33375219 PMCID: PMC7796152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We examined the effect of loneliness and the role of two mediating factors, depressive symptoms and malnutrition on subjective age among older adults during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, and explored how the pandemic is affecting subjective age. Design: A convenience sample of 201 older adults aged 65 and over was interviewed. Using bootstrapping, we tested the strength and significance of the indirect effect of depressive symptoms and malnutrition (mediators) on the relationship between feelings of loneliness and subjective age. Results: The relationship between feelings of loneliness and subjective age during the COVID-19 pandemic was mediated by malnutrition, but not by depressive symptoms. In addition, the participants felt older during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding period. Conclusions: An association was found among feelings of loneliness, malnutrition, and subjective age. To overcome these feelings in times of crisis like the pandemic, it is essential to develop new communication methods (technologies for managing and addressing the needs of the older population; technologies to encourage social engagement, and technologies for managing and providing remote medical services) for and with older adults that are effective in reducing loneliness, and to promote good nutrition. Possible practical solutions include new social network technologies for reducing loneliness combined with continued reliance on phone communication as an intervention of psychological support to promote a healthy lifestyle and prevent malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Vitman Schorr
- Shamir Research Institute, Haifa University, Katsrin 1290000, Israel;
| | - Itamar Yehuda
- Shamir Research Institute, Haifa University, Katsrin 1290000, Israel;
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel;
| | - Snait Tamir
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel;
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat-Shmona 11016, Israel
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Acceptance and Influencing Factors of Social Virtual Reality in the Urban Elderly. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12229345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the stage of aging society and population aging, the social needs of the elderly are widely discussed by researchers. Especially driven by the demand of tele-medical treatment and tele-rehabilitation therapy, it is vital for the elderly to integrate into virtual communities by combining social virtual reality (VR) with different medical services and entertainment needs. In addition, affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, it is more difficult for people to have face-to-face contacts. With more remote consultation, entertainment and virtual social connectivity, the application of social VR is more urgent and valuable. However, there is little discussion on the acceptability and influencing factors of social VR among the elderly at present. Therefore, in order to get further data, we used (1) early stage semi-structured interviews and then (2) Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) questionnaires for investigation. One hundred fourteen elderly people aged 60–89 living in the metropolitan area of Taipei were taken as the subjects. To help them understand the situation and state of using social VR, these elderly people were asked to use a head-mounted display (HMD) to experience social VR games. The preliminary results showed that the elderly had obvious preference for entertainment (32.4%) and medical treatment (31.3%). The interview showed that this was related to the physiological condition or medical needs of the age range. In order to further understand how social VR would affect the social life of the elderly, we proposed the further demand structure of UTAUT Model based on the interview of both experts and the elderly. The model structures include (1) Performance Expectancy, (2) Perceived Enjoyment, (3) Social Influence, (4) User Attitude, (5) Behavioral Intention, and so on. These structures were applied to conduct interviews and questionnaires to find out the influence extent and relevance of the elderly on different structural needs, and suggestions were given accordingly. The results of the above interviews showed that (1) the elderly thought that the functions of entertaining and interacting of social VR could increase their social opportunities, and also meet medical needs (teleconference, cognitive decline, etc.), (2) the closeness of social relations (between family members, friends, doctors, and places), and also affect the relevance of Perceived Enjoyment (β = 0.77, p = 0.000 < 0.05). The results of these phenomena and interviews showed the interplay between the demand structures and their special relevance. They also indicated that as to social VR technologies, various demands and functional issues of the elderly need to be considered, and these demands would appear in the subtle usage, and different social VR interfaces and functions would emerge based on their special living ways and physical and psychological demands.
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Aughterson H, Baxter L, Fancourt D. Social prescribing for individuals with mental health problems: a qualitative study of barriers and enablers experienced by general practitioners. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:194. [PMID: 32957923 PMCID: PMC7507286 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence for the use of social prescribing as a means to improve the mental health of patients. However, there are gaps in understanding the barriers and enablers faced by General Practitioners (GPs) when engaging in social prescribing for patients with mental health problems. Methods This study uses a qualitative approach involving one-to-one interviews with GPs from across the UK. The COM-B model was used to elucidate barriers and enablers, and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and a Behaviour Change Theory and Techniques tool was used to identify interventions that could address these. Results GPs recognised the utility of social prescribing in addressing the high levels of psychosocial need they saw in their patient population, and expressed the need to de-medicalise certain patient problems. GPs were driven by a desire to help patients, and so they benefited from regular positive feedback to reinforce the value of their social prescribing referrals. They also discussed the importance of developing more robust evidence on social prescribing, but acknowledged the challenges of conducting rigorous research in community settings. GPs lacked the capacity, and formal training, to effectively engage with community groups for patients with mental health problems. Link workers, when available to GPs, were of fundamental importance in bridging the gap between the GP and community. The formation of trusting relationships was crucial at different points of the social prescribing pathway, with patients needing to trust GPs in order for them to agree to see a link worker or attend a community activity, and GPs requiring a range of strong inter-personal skills in order to gain patients’ trust and motivate them. Conclusion This study elucidates the barriers and enablers to social prescribing for patients with mental health problems, from the perspectives of GPs. Recommended interventions include a more systematic feedback structure for GPs and more formal training around social prescribing and developing the relevant inter-personal skills. This study provides insight for GPs and other practice staff, commissioners, managers, providers and community groups, to help design and deliver future social prescribing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Aughterson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, University College London (UCL), 1-19 Torrington Place, London, W1CE 7HB, UK.
| | - Louise Baxter
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, University College London (UCL), 1-19 Torrington Place, London, W1CE 7HB, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, University College London (UCL), 1-19 Torrington Place, London, W1CE 7HB, UK.
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Heidari M, Ghodusi Borujeni M, Rezaei P, Kabirian Abyaneh S, Heidari K. Effect of Laughter Therapy on Depression and Quality of Life of the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:119-129. [PMID: 32863751 PMCID: PMC7444838 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are common among the elderly with serious symptoms of depression and social isolation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of laughter therapy (LT) on depression and quality of life (QOL) of the elderly living in Abadeh nursing homes. METHODS This is a controlled semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test design. Ninety eligible ones of the elderly living in the Abadeh nursing homes and from July to September 2017, entered the study. Some of the criteria for entering the study include being over 60 years old, orientation, not having blindness and deafness, lack of physical and mental problems. After determining the intervention and control groups, the scale of depression and QOL was administered to the subjects and their scores were collected in the pre-test. RESULTS Most of the study samples were in the intervention (35.55%) and control (37.77%) group in the age range of 60-69 years. In both intervention and control groups, respectively, 31.11% and 68.88% elderly were males and females. The mean scores of depression in the intervention group after LT (M = 2.57) were lower than those before the intervention (M = 6.87) [CI = -5.58-(-3.02)] and also the results of independent t-test showed a statistically significant difference before and after the intervention between the two groups (P < 0.001). The mean score of dimensions of QOL after LT was higher than that before in the intervention and there was a statistically significant difference in all dimensions with paired t-test (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Since the implementation of this programme could improve the mental status and QOL of the elderly, this method of therapy can be used as an alternative or complementary model to enhance the health of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidari
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Rezaei
- Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Korosh Heidari
- Treatment Affairs, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Jansson AH, Savikko N, Kautiainen H, Roitto HM, Pitkälä KH. Changes in prevalence of loneliness over time in institutional settings, and associated factors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104043. [PMID: 32442846 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine changes in the prevalence of loneliness over time from 2011 to 2017 in long-term care facilities; and its related factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Repeated cross-sectional studies exploring loneliness and its associated factors among residents in long-term care facilities were conducted in Helsinki, Finland in 2011 (N = 4966) and 2017 (N = 3767). Residents in temporary respite care or with severe cognitive impairment, and those unable or refusing to respond to the loneliness item were excluded. The total number of participants in this analysis was 1563 in 2011, and 1367 in 2017. In both samples, we used the same loneliness measurement by asking "Do you suffer from loneliness?" (never/sometimes/often or always). When comparing the samples in order to reduce the effect of confounding between them, we used propensity score matching. A multivariable logistic regression model explored the relationship between various characteristics and loneliness. RESULTS Loneliness showed no change in prevalence over time: propensity score-adjusted loneliness was 36 % in 2011 and 2017. In the multivariate logistic regression model, feeling depressed was the only independent characteristic associated with loneliness. Of the respondents who did not feel depressed, 24 % suffered from loneliness at least sometimes. Among the respondents who felt depressed, the respective figure was 55 %. CONCLUSION Loneliness is common in institutional settings. It remained stable, and not decreased over time. Because loneliness impairs the well-being, quality of life and health of residents, it needs to be addressed. Screening loneliness and developing interventions to alleviate it, is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Jansson
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - N Savikko
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; City of Espoo, Asemakuja 2 A, FI-02070, Espoo, Finland.
| | - H Kautiainen
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - H-M Roitto
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Social Services and Health Care, Helsinki Hospital, Helsinki Hospital Geriatric Clinic, PO Box 6600, FI-00099, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - K H Pitkälä
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Wang Y, Xu L, Qin W, Zhang J, Xia Y, Jing X, Lu L, Jiao A, Li Y. Gender Difference in General Self-Efficacy among Young-Old Elderly Aged 60-74 in Rural Shandong China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E5070. [PMID: 31842316 PMCID: PMC6950069 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the determinants of general self-efficacy (GSE) among young-old elderly, with focus on examining the gender difference of general self-efficacy. METHODS Data were collected from the 2017 Survey of the Shandong Elderly Family Health Service, which was conducted by Shandong University. T-test was used to examine the gender difference in GSE. Univariate models and adjusted multiple linear regression model were used to explore the determinants of GSE by gender. RESULTS The females' GSE score was lower than that of male participants (26.1 ± 8.1 vs. 28.7 ± 7.7), and there was a significant gender difference (t = 10.877, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression model showed that some factors are common significant determinants of GSE such as age, education level, activity of daily living (ADL), self-rated health, mental health, personality, and whether participants have intimate friends and interpersonal relationships. Hypertension and frequent communication with children were specific determinants of GSE among male young-old. Personal income was a specific determinant of female participants. CONCLUSION Some influencing factors of GSE in both genders are identical, the others are different. More attention should be paid for the poor young-old females, young-old males with hypertension, and disabled young-old people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.W.); (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (L.L.); (A.J.); (Y.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.W.); (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (L.L.); (A.J.); (Y.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenzhe Qin
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.W.); (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (L.L.); (A.J.); (Y.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.W.); (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (L.L.); (A.J.); (Y.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu Xia
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.W.); (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (L.L.); (A.J.); (Y.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.W.); (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (L.L.); (A.J.); (Y.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.W.); (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (L.L.); (A.J.); (Y.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China
| | - An’an Jiao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.W.); (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (L.L.); (A.J.); (Y.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yaozu Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.W.); (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (L.L.); (A.J.); (Y.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China
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Abstract
AbstractSocial wellbeing is important to health, but maintaining social relations often becomes difficult in later life due to retirement, chronic disease, and the death of spouses and friends. Social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter, present accessible and low-cost communication technologies that have been demonstrated to enhance feelings of social connection and reduce loneliness in younger age groups. This exploratory study uses a four-week social media training workshop as an intervention in a randomised controlled study to examine whether similar social benefits might be realised for those at older ages, aged 65+ years. Social wellbeing measures of social capital, loneliness, social connectedness and social provisions were examined, revealing only small differences in social integration. As these findings seemingly contradict studies conducted with younger persons, the contexts of social media use in older adulthood are discussed, along with proposals for future research directions.
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Jansson A, Karisto A, Pitkälä K. Loneliness in assisted living facilities: An exploration of the group process. Scand J Occup Ther 2019; 28:354-365. [PMID: 31714861 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2019.1690043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than one in three older people in assisted living facilities suffer from loneliness that leads to adverse health outcomes. Group work may have the potential to improve residents' quality of life. AIMS/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this feasibility study was to thoroughly describe a facilitated group process and compare its effects on cognitively impaired (n = 6) and cognitively intact (n = 7) lonely resident groups in assisted living facilities. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used a closed, occupational therapy-oriented group model designed for lonely people. The study used a qualitative, multi-method approach. Material included individual and focus group interviews, observations and the facilitators' field diaries. RESULTS Loneliness was reflected in diverse ways in both groups. Meaningful activities in mutual interaction played an important role in empowering the participants and enabling the development of the group process. Group processes had similar, parallel steps, from which the participants seemed to benefit. Surprisingly, the cognitively impaired group progressed towards self-direction more quickly than the cognitively intact group. CONCLUSIONS A group process with clearly progressing steps revealed that lonely older people are capable of empowerment and self-direction - despite their frailty and cognitive impairment. Facilitators should be familiar with group processes to enable them to progress effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Jansson
- Department of General Practice, and Helsinki University Hospital, Unit of Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Karisto
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Social and Public Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisu Pitkälä
- Department of General Practice, and Helsinki University Hospital, Unit of Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Data were collected at five elder cohousing neighborhoods to understand more about who lives in these communities, their reasons for moving, their satisfaction, and to explore the intersection between loneliness and sense of community. The average age of the predominantly white, female, and well-educated sample (n = 86, 56% response rate), was 68 ± 6.573 at move-in. Respondents moved in search of a sense of community and were generally satisfied with their experiences. Prevalence of loneliness was lower than the national average, but still affected 24% of the sample. Findings suggest that senior cohousing is delivering on the promise to promote sense of community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P Glass
- School of Health and Applied Human Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of the study is to explore feelings of loneliness among residents in assisted living facilities in terms of how loneliness is experienced and articulated, and what specific factors are related to the experiences. The study used a mixed-method approach. We individually interviewed 13 residents twice over six months. We conducted two focus group interviews and noted our observations each time we met the respondents. Data analysis leaned on abductive reasoning. The respondents described loneliness in versatile, rich ways. It proved to be time and place dependent. It was dependent on the time of day, days of the week and seasons. Lonely time was meaningless and filled with a feeling of waiting. Loneliness was also intertwined with place. None of the respondents called their apartment home; instead they called it a hospital, even a prison. They had to spend long periods of time in their apartments against their will, and their desire to interact with other residents was not met. The respondents felt invisible. Residents’ experiences of loneliness in assisted living facilities are unique and distinctive. Time- and place-dependent experiences of loneliness act as important signals for reflection on how care practices in these facilities could be more satisfying. Loneliness should therefore be a key topic and the target of prevention and interventions.
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Heidari M, Ghodusi Borujeni M, Kabirian Abyaneh S, Rezaei P. The Effect of Spiritual Care on Perceived Stress and Mental Health Among the Elderlies Living in Nursing Home. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:1328-1339. [PMID: 30796566 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spiritual care on the perceived stress and mental health of the elderlies living in nursing home in Isfahan. This is a semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design with control group. Ninety eligible elderlies living in the nursing home were divided into intervention and control groups through census and random allocation. The interventional spiritual care was conducted for the intervention group for 90 days. After conducting the spiritual care, the majority of the elderlies (62.22%) in the intervention group had a low perceived stress level and the majority of the subjects (64.44%) in the control group had a high perceived stress level. Therefore, after performing spiritual care, a significant difference was observed at the perceived stress level of the two groups (X2 = 3.22 and P = 0.001). The results of mental health level indicated that the mean score of the general health questionnaire was ranged between 10.95 and 27.2. After performing care, a significant difference was observed in mental health level of both groups, and 31.11% and 53.33% of the participants were suspected to general disorder in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Based on the results, there was a significant difference in the mental health level of both groups after the implementation of spiritual care (X2 = 6.56 and P = 0.001). Further, a significant negative correlation was found between the perceived stress and mental health (r = - 0.241 and P = 0.01). Considering the spiritual health as one of the health dimensions influencing the psychosocial variables of elderlies seems necessary. Policymakers and planners of health area contribute to the improvement of mental health level by using comprehensive care approach with an emphasis on the spiritual dimension of care for the elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidari
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | | | - Parvin Rezaei
- Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Grover S, Verma M, Singh T, Dahiya N, Nehra R. Loneliness and its correlates amongst elderly attending non-communicable disease rural clinic attached to a tertiary care centre of North India. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 43:189-196. [PMID: 31229701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological and sociological factors like loneliness have a noteworthy influence on the aging. Very less is known about loneliness amongst the elderly populations living with various Non-communicable diseases. AIM The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of loneliness among elderly patients with Non-communicable diseases. METHODOLOGY 296 patients attending the chronic disease clinic of two Community Health Centres were evaluated on University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA LS), Geriatric Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7 scale) and Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale. RESULTS More than half (55.4%) of the participants experienced loneliness as per the three item UCLA LS. When the total scores of UCLA scale were used to evaluate the severity of loneliness, half of the study participants had either moderate (N = 39; 13.2%), moderately high (N = 52; 17.6%) and high (N = 55; 18.6%) level of loneliness. Higher proportion of patients experiencing loneliness had anxiety and reported abuse. Significant predictors of loneliness included presence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, generalized anxiety disorder and abuse. CONCLUSION Older adults living with non-communicable diseases are at a higher risk for loneliness. Mutual help groups kind of models can be developed to help in "re-peopling" elderly. Primary health centres should help in improving the overall health and morale amongst the elderly by stamping down their apprehensions and anxieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Madhur Verma
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Department of Community Medicine, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, Haryana, India; Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Tarundeep Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Neha Dahiya
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ritu Nehra
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Bartlett MY, Arpin SN. Gratitude and Loneliness: Enhancing Health and Well-Being in Older Adults. Res Aging 2019; 41:772-793. [DOI: 10.1177/0164027519845354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally investigated gratitude’s impact on loneliness and health in older adults. Participants were assigned to a daily gratitude writing exercise (treatment group) or a control group. Self-reported loneliness and health (i.e., subjective well-being, subjective health, health symptoms) were measured daily over a 3-week period. In support of our hypotheses, within-person variability in gratitude predicted differences in loneliness and health. Furthermore, those in the treatment group showed stronger cumulative effects of gratitude on loneliness and health symptoms when aggregated across the 20-day study. Additionally, a series of conditional, multilevel indirect effect models found that loneliness acted as a mechanism for gratitude’s differential impact on subjective well-being and health symptoms across conditions. Taken together, this study provides initial evidence that a simple gratitude exercise can strengthen associations among daily gratitude and loneliness and, consequently, improve health, for older adults.
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Abstract
AbstractRobotic telepresence is a potential technology to help alleviating the loneliness of elderly people. The impacts of long-term use of telepresence robots in residential care are not well known. We were interested in how using a telepresence robot influences the resident, family members and care workers at a facility, and what challenges and solutions there are for wider adoption of such robots in residential care. With a telepresence robot Double, we arranged a series of three trials in two separate residential care facilities: one 12-week trial in a private facility and two successive 6-week trials in a public facility. In each trial, we installed the telepresence robot in a room of a long-term care home resident for communicating with her/his family members. Based on the results, telepresence robots do increase presence and possibly engagement of family members in residential care, but privacy is a central concern. The mobility of a telepresence robot is hard to utilize in residential care, and to be able to do so, ethical consideration and guidelines are needed. We provide a draft of such ethical guidelines.
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Giné-Garriga M, Sandlund M, Dall PM, Chastin SFM, Pérez S, Skelton DA. A Novel Approach to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Care Home Residents: The GET READY Study Utilising Service-Learning and Co-Creation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E418. [PMID: 30717105 PMCID: PMC6388363 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The GET READY study aimed to integrate service-learning methodology into University degrees by offering students individual service opportunities with residential care homes, to co-create the best suited intervention to reduce the sedentary behaviour (SB) of residents throughout the day, with researchers, end-users, care staff, family members and policymakers. Eight workshops with care home residents and four workshops with care staff, relatives and policymakers, led by undergraduate students, were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed with inductive thematic analysis to understand views and preferences for sustainable strategies to reduce SB and increase movement of residents. Perspectives about SB and movement in care homes highlighted four subthemes. Assets for decreasing SB included three subthemes, and suggestions and strategies encapsulated four subthemes. There is a need to include end-users in decision making, and involve care staff and relatives in enhancing strategies to reduce SB among residents if we want sustainable changes in behaviour. A change in the culture at a policymaker and care staff's level could provide opportunities to open care homes to the community with regular activities outside the care home premises, and offer household chores and opportunities to give residents a role in maintaining their home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giné-Garriga
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marlene Sandlund
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Philippa M Dall
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Sebastien F M Chastin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
- Department of Movement and Sport Science, Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Susana Pérez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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Connery A, McCurtin A, Robinson K. The lived experience of stuttering: a synthesis of qualitative studies with implications for rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:2232-2242. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1555623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Connery
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- HSE Dublin South West, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arlene McCurtin
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Katie Robinson
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Liu J, Xie H, Liu M, Wang Z, Zou L, Yeung AS, Hui SSC, Yang Q. The Effects of Tai Chi on Heart Rate Variability in Older Chinese Individuals with Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2771. [PMID: 30544491 PMCID: PMC6313592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Very little research has been done to simultaneously investigate the effects of Tai Chi (TC) on depression and heart rate variability (HRV). This study, therefore, attempted to explore the effects of TC on depression and on HRV parameters. Methods Sixty older individuals with depression score of 10 or above (the Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS) were randomly assigned into two groups: TC (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). Participants in the experimental group participated in a 24-week TC training program (three 60-min sessions per week), whereas individuals in the control group maintained their unaltered lifestyle. Depression and HRV were measured using the GDS and digital electrocardiogram at baseline and after the 24-week intervention. Results The TC had produced significant positive chances in depression and some HRV parameters (mean heart rate, RMSSD, HF, LFnorm, and HFnorm) (p < 0.05), whereas these positive results were not observed in the control group. Conclusions The results of this study indicated that TC may alleviate depression of the elderly through modulating autonomous nervous system or HRV parameters. This study adds to a growing body of research showing that TC may be effective in treating depression of the elderly. Tai Chi as a mild to moderate mind-body exercise is suitable for older individuals who suffer from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Martial Arts, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
- Department of Psychology, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Huihui Xie
- Department of Martial Arts, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
- Department of Sports, Nanjing University of Science and Technology ZiJin College, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zongbao Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Liye Zou
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Albert S Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Stanley Sai-Chuen Hui
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Martial Arts, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Taylor HO, Wang Y, Morrow-Howell N. Loneliness in senior housing communities. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2018; 61:623-639. [PMID: 29791279 PMCID: PMC6938254 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2018.1478352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Owen Taylor
- The Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- The Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nancy Morrow-Howell
- The Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Arpin SN, Mohr CD. Transient Loneliness and the Perceived Provision and Receipt of Capitalization Support Within Event-Disclosure Interactions. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2018; 45:240-253. [PMID: 30024294 DOI: 10.1177/0146167218783193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research affirms that loneliness is a distressing experience with social-perceptual and behavioral consequences. Yet, little is known about consequences of transient loneliness, particularly within social interactions. The current study builds on reaffiliation motive and evolutionary models of state loneliness to investigate the effects of experimentally manipulated loneliness on individual and interaction partner perceptions during an event-sharing interaction, within 97 female dyads. Actor-partner interdependence mediation analyses revealed indirect effects for induction group (high vs. low loneliness) on positive affect, enjoyment, responsiveness, and partner positive affect, via induced state loneliness. Furthermore, state loneliness influenced actor and partner provision of responsiveness, via perceived responsiveness. Results reveal interpersonal consequences of transient loneliness, offering preliminary insight into conditions through which state perceptions of isolation may interfere with engagement in positive social interactions. Furthermore, implications for previously theorized evolutionary models of state loneliness and the reaffiliation motive are discussed.
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