• Social anxiety disorder
• caregiver
• child
• psychometric properties

• Humans
• Child
• Psychometrics
• Male
• Female
• Caregivers/psychology
• Adolescent
• Reproducibility of Results
• Phobia, Social/diagnosis
• Phobia, Social/therapy
• Phobia, Social/psychology
• Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

• Children
• Dominic Interactive
• Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
• epidemiology
• measure
• mental health

• adolescence
• demographics
• epidemiology
• mental health
• resilience

• Biological sex
• Negative life events
• Positive life events
• Psychopathology

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Adolescent
• Depression/psychology
• Anxiety/psychology
• Sex Factors
• Child
• Life Change Events
• Sex Characteristics
• Mental Disorders/psychology

• R01 MH107495 NIH HHS

• Anxiety disorders
• Behavioral inhibition
• Brain development
• Brain volumes
• Child development
• Children

• Child
• Humans
• Adolescent
• Brain/diagnostic imaging
• Brain/pathology
• Anxiety Disorders/diagnostic imaging
• Amygdala/diagnostic imaging
• Cognition
• Anxiety
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods

• U01 DA041048 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA050989 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA051016 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041022 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA051018 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA051037 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA050987 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041174 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041106 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041117 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041028 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041134 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA050988 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA051039 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041156 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041025 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041120 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA051038 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041148 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041093 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041089 NIDA NIH HHS
• U24 DA041123 NIDA NIH HHS
• U24 DA041147 NIDA NIH HHS

• Family functioning
• High-risk study
• Premorbid psychopathology
• Siblings
• Temperament

• Child
• Humans
• Bipolar Disorder/genetics
• Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis
• Mood Disorders/etiology
• Siblings
• Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics
• Prospective Studies
• Child of Impaired Parents
• Parents
• Risk Factors

• adolescence
• stigma
• internalizing
• externalizing
• socioecological psychology

• K99 MH127248 NIMH NIH HHS
• R01 MH103291 NIMH NIH HHS
• R01 MH106482 NIMH NIH HHS
• R37 MH119194 NIMH NIH HHS

• Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
• Saudi Arabia
• meta-analysis
• prevalence
• risk factor

• Developmental neuroimaging
• Functional connectivity
• Imaging statistics
• Networks
• Obsessive-compulsive symptoms
• fMRI

• Adolescent
• Humans
• Connectome/methods
• Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Brain
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• R01 MH113565 NIMH NIH HHS
• K23 MH120437 NIMH NIH HHS
• K08 MH120564 NIMH NIH HHS
• K08 MH079364 NIMH NIH HHS
• R21 MH123916 NIMH NIH HHS
• S10 OD023495 NIH HHS
• R01 MH119219 NIMH NIH HHS

• APIM
• agreement
• bullying
• child outcomes
• conduct problems
• emotional problems
• family systems
• parent-child
• peer
• sibling

The factors involved in the transmission of mood disorders are only partially elucidated. Aside from genes, the family environment might play a crucial role in parent–child transmission. Our goals were to (1) assess the associations of parental bipolar disorder (BPD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with individual or shared family environmental factors, including traumatic events in offspring, parental separation, family cohesion and parental attitudes; and 2) test whether these factors were mediators of the association between exposure to parental mood disorders and the onset of these disorders in offspring.

The sample stems from an ongoing family high-risk study of mood disorders conducted in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Given the strong impact of the age of onset of parental disorders on their transmission to children, parental disorders were dichotomized according to the onset (cut-off 21 years). Probands with early-onset (n = 30) and later-onset BPD (n = 51), early-onset (n = 21) and later-onset MDD (n = 47) and controls (n = 65), along with their spouses (n = 193) and offspring (n = 388; < 18 years on study inclusion), were assessed over a mean follow-up duration of 14 years (s.d: 4.6). The environmental measures were based on reports by offspring collected before the onset of their first mood episode.

Offspring of probands with later-onset BPD and offspring of probands with both early-onset and later-onset MDD reported traumatic events more frequently than comparison offspring, whereas exposure to parental separation was more frequent in all groups of high-risk offspring. Moreover, several familial environment scores including parenting attitudes differed between offspring of probands with BPD and comparison offspring. However, none of these factors were mediators of the parent–child transmission of BPD. Among the environmental factors, traumatic events were shown to be modest mediators of the transmission of early-onset MDD.

Our data do not support the implication of the assessed environmental factors in the parent–child transmission of BPD. In contrast to BPD, traumatic events partially mediate the parent–child transmission of early-onset MDD, which has important implications for intervention and prevention. Early therapeutic efforts in offspring exposed to these events are likely to reduce their deleterious impact on the risk of subsequent MDD.

• Family environment
• Offspring of bipolar parents
• Offspring of depressed parents
• Parental separation
• Trauma

• behavior management strategies
• behavior problems
• maternal attribution
• mother–teacher discrepancies
• perceptions of parenting
• preschoolers

• adolescents
• borderline traits
• depression symptoms
• disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
• psychometric

Associations of disaster mental health sequelae between children and their parents have been demonstrated, but not using full diagnostic assessment. This study examined children and their parents after a series of disasters in 1982 to investigate associations of their psychiatric outcomes. Members of 169 families exposed to floods and/or dioxin or no disaster were assessed in 1986–1987 with structured diagnostic interviews. This vintage dataset collected several decades ago provides new information to this field because of the methodological rigor that is unparalleled in this literature. Disaster-related PTSD and incident postdisaster disorders in children were associated, respectively with disaster-related PTSD and incident postdisaster disorders in the chief caregiver and mother. More flood-only than dioxin-only exposed parents reported great harm by the disaster, but neither children nor parents in these two groups differed in incident psychiatric disorders. Although this study did not determine the direction of causal influences, its findings suggest that clinicians working with disaster-exposed families should work with children and adult members together, as their mental health outcomes may be intertwined.

• PTSD
• child
• disaster
• family
• structured diagnostic interview

• Mood disorders
• anxiety disorders
• drug misuse
• offspring of bipolar parents
• offspring of depressed parents
• precursors

• Group cognitive behavioral therapy
• Social phobia
• State measures
• Treatment success

• Adolescent
• Child
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods
• Female
• Humans
• Implosive Therapy
• Male
• Outcome Assessment, Health Care
• Phobia, Social/physiopathology
• Psychotherapy, Group

• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

• Family conflict
• Maladaptive guilt
• Maternal depression
• Negative parenting
• Prevalence

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Child
• Child of Impaired Parents
• Female
• Guilt
• Humans
• Mothers
• Prevalence
• Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

• U24 DA041147 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041120 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041093 NIDA NIH HHS
• L30 MH108015 NIMH NIH HHS
• U24 DA041123 NIDA NIH HHS
• T32 MH100019 NIMH NIH HHS
• U01 DA041156 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041025 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041089 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041106 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041117 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041148 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041174 NIDA NIH HHS
• K23 MH118426 NIMH NIH HHS
• U01 DA051039 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041134 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041022 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041028 NIDA NIH HHS
• U01 DA041048 NIDA NIH HHS

Reward delay impulsivity is a feature of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a likely feature of loss of control eating (LOC-E), which might explain the higher risk of children with ADHD or LOC-E to become obese. The goal of this study was to investigate reward delay impulsivity in children with LOC-E, ADHD, or a double diagnosis, in contrast to healthy children. Children (8 to 13 years) with LOC-E (n = 24), ADHD (n = 33), a double diagnosis (n = 9), and healthy children (n = 34) performed a computer game (door opening task [DOT]) and the delay of gratification task (DoGT) to assess food related facets of reward delay impulsivity. In addition, children reported whether they worried to lose control over eating during the DoGT. There were no group differences in the DOT. However, children with ADHD or a double diagnosis had a significantly higher risk to eat prematurely during the DoGT than children with LOC-E, who were not significantly different from healthy children. Children with a double diagnosis were most likely to worry about losing control over eating during the DoGT, followed by children with LOC-E, and both had a significantly higher probability to worry than healthy children. For children with a double diagnosis the probability to worry was significantly higher than for children with ADHD. If replicated, these findings point to a special relevance of reward delay impulsivity in children with ADHD or a double diagnosis, compared to children with LOC-E. ADHD should be regularly assessed in children with LOC-E.

• adolescent mental health
• informant reporting
• mental health services

• R01 AA016854 NIAAA NIH HHS

• Art of Learning
• BRIEF
• behavioral self-regulation
• executive function
• executive function training
• metacognition

• Dimensions
• Functional impairment
• Oppositionality
• Personal strengths
• Social skills

• Child mental health
• Dominic interactive
• Informant discrepancy
• Parent–child report discrepancy
• Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)

• Adolescents
• Children
• Depression
• Psychometrics

Associations between stuttering in childhood and a broad spectrum of risk factors, associated factors and comorbidities were examined in two large epidemiological studies. Subtypes of stuttering were then identified based on latent class analysis (LCA).

Data were from two representative Swiss population samples: PsyCoLaus (N = 4,874, age 35–82 years) and the ZInEP Epidemiology Survey (N = 1,500, age 20–41 years). Associations between stuttering and sociodemographic characteristics, familial aggregation, comorbidity and psychosocial risk / associated factors were investigated in both samples. LCAs were conducted on selected items from people in both samples who reported having stuttered in childhood.

Initial analyses linked early anxiety disorders, such as separation anxiety disorder and overanxious disorder, to stuttering (PsyCoLaus). ADHD was associated with stuttering in both datasets. In the analyses of risk / associated factors, dysfunctional parental relationships, inter-parental violence and further childhood adversities were mutual predictors of stuttering. Moreover, comorbidities were seen with hay fever, asthma, eczema and psoriasis (PsyCoLaus). Subsequent LCA identified an unspecific group of persons who self-reported that they stuttered and a group defined by associations with psychosocial adversities (ZINEP, PsyCoLaus) and atopic diseases (PsyCoLaus).

The two subtypes of developmental stuttering have different risk / associated factors and comorbidity patterns. Most of the factors are associated with vulnerability mechanisms that occur early in life and that have also been linked with other neurodevelopmental disorders. Both psychosocial and biological factors appear to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of stuttering.

• Adult
• Age of Onset
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Child
• Comorbidity
• Epidemiologic Research Design
• Female
• Humans
• Latent Class Analysis
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Risk Factors
• Stuttering/classification
• Stuttering/epidemiology
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Switzerland/epidemiology
• Young Adult

• Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
• Faculty of Biology and Medicine of the University of Lausanne
• GlaxoSmithKline
• private donation

• anxiety
• assessment
• development
• measurement invariance
• parent–child agreement

• R01 MH069942 NIMH NIH HHS
• R01 MH107495 NIMH NIH HHS

• Child mental health
• Europe
• Prevalence
• Self-reported mental health

• Child
• Cross-Cultural Comparison
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Europe/epidemiology
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Mental Disorders/epidemiology
• Mental Disorders/psychology
• Mental Health
• Prevalence
• Schools
• Self Report
• Surveys and Questionnaires

• Bipolar disorder
• Family functioning
• High-risk studies
• Offspring outcomes
• Psychopathology

• Children
• maternal alcohol use
• mental health
• multiple informants
• problem drinking

• Assessment
• Mental health
• Physical health
• Psychopathology

• Help-seeking
• Psychiatric service use
• Psychological distress
• Trends
• Young adults

• Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised
• Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Broader autism phenotype
• Instrument discordance

• Adult
• Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis
• Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology
• Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology
• Case-Control Studies
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis
• Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology
• Developmental Disabilities/psychology
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Mothers/psychology
• Phenotype
• Physician's Role/psychology

• U01 DD000746 NCBDD CDC HHS
• 10052 Autism Speaks
• U10 DD000181 NCBDD CDC HHS
• U10 DD000184 NCBDD CDC HHS
• U10 DD000182 NCBDD CDC HHS
• P2C HD050924 NICHD NIH HHS
• U10 DD000183 NCBDD CDC HHS
• P30 ES010126 NIEHS NIH HHS
• U10 DD000180 NCBDD CDC HHS
• U01 DD001210 NCBDD CDC HHS
• U01 DD000498 NCBDD CDC HHS
• Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000180, Colorado Department of Public Health; Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000181, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (CA); Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000182, University of Pennsylvania; Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000183, Johns Hopkins University; Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000184, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; and Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000498, Michigan State University CDC HHS
• U01 DD001205 NCBDD CDC HHS

• Endophenotypes
• Familial aggregation
• Offspring of bipolar and depressed parents
• Prospective study
• Risk factors

• Assessment
• Children
• Diagnosis
• Self-report
• Separation anxiety disorder

• ADHD
• K-SADS
• LEAD
• autism
• longitudinal diagnoses
• predictive validity

Previous research suggests that it is important to use parental reports when assessing children’s anxiety, but it remains unclear to what extent there are differences between mothers’ and fathers’ scores and whether these potential differences have any repercussions for the psychometric properties of the scale being used.

This study was conducted to investigate parental differences on the Parent version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-RP), a rating scale for measuring child anxiety symptoms. The second aim was to re-examine the reliability and validity of the SCARED-RP, in light of these possible differences.

The SCARED-RP and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) were administered to parents of clinically anxious children (n = 81), and control children (n = 108). All children (n = 189) completed the SCARED-R.

Significant correlations between mother and father reports were found within the clinically anxious sample. Mothers showed significantly more correspondence with their children in the control group than fathers. The SCARED-RP internal consistency on total scale was excellent (mothers: .94; fathers: .94) and moderate to good for all subscales (from .66 Situational-Environmental Phobia to .93 Animal Phobia). The SCARED-RP differentiated well between clinically anxious and control children (mother and father data). The concurrent validity was supported by strong correlations with the CBCL anxious-depressed scale.

Differences between mother and father reports suggest the importance of obtaining information from both parents separately. Furthermore, the SCARED-RP is a useful instrument for assessing children’s anxiety disorder symptoms in clinical and research settings.

• Anxiety disorders
• Assessment
• Children
• Parent report
• Psychometrics
• Scared

Objective: In clinical structured diagnostic interviews, diagnoses based on parent and child reports have low to moderate agreement. The aims of the present study are (1) to examine diagnostic agreement on anxiety disorders between parents and children on the levels of current and lifetime diagnostic category and diagnoses focusing in particular on diagnostic criteria and (2) to identify parent- and child-related predictors for diagnostic agreement.

Method: The sample consisted of 166 parent-child dyads interviewed with the Structured Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders in Children (Kinder-DIPS, Schneider et al., 2009). The children (51.8% girls) were between the ages of 7 and 18 years (M = 10.94; SD = 2.22).

Results: Overall, parent-child agreement on the diagnostic category of anxiety disorder (k = 0.21; k = 0.22) and the specific anxiety diagnoses (base rate > 10%) of social phobia, specific phobia and separation anxiety disorder (k = 0.24–0.52; k = 0.19–0.43) and corresponding diagnostic criteria (k = 0.22–0.67; k = 0.24–0.41) were low to moderate with the highest agreement on separation anxiety disorder (k > 0.43). Lower maternal depression, and higher social support reported by mother and father were associated with higher parent-child agreement. Maternal depression was indicated as the strongest predictor. Parental sense of competence, parental anxiety, the amount of parent-child interaction and the child's age and gender had no predictive value.

Conclusions: Parent-child agreement can be expected to be higher on the level of anxiety criteria compared to specific anxiety diagnoses and diagnostic anxiety category. Psychological strains in the family—especially maternal depression and low social support—lower the parent-child agreement on anxiety symptoms. Child- and relation-related variables (age, gender, amount of time parent(s) and children interact) play no role in the prediction of low parent-child agreement.

• anxiety disorders
• kinder-DIPS
• parent-child agreement
• parental psychopathology
• structured diagnostic interview

To examine the associations between mental disorders and infectious, atopic, inflammatory diseases while adjusting for other risk factors.

We used data from PsyCoLaus, a large Swiss Population Cohort Study (n = 3720; age range 35-66). Lifetime diagnoses of mental disorders were grouped into the following categories: Neurodevelopmental, anxiety (early and late onset), mood and substance disorders. They were regressed on infectious, atopic and other inflammatory diseases adjusting for sex, educational level, familial aggregation, childhood adversities and traumatic experiences in childhood. A multivariate logistic regression was applied to each group of disorders. In a complementary analysis interactions with sex were introduced via nested effects.

Associations with infectious, atopic and other chronic inflammatory diseases were observable together with consistent effects of childhood adversities and familial aggregation, and less consistent effects of trauma in each group of mental disorders. Streptococcal infections were associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (men), and measles/mumps/rubella-infections with early and late anxiety disorders (women). Gastric inflammatory diseases took effect in mood disorders (both sexes) and in early disorders (men). Similarly, irritable bowel syndrome was prominent in a sex-specific way in mood disorders in women, and, moreover, was associated with early and late anxiety disorders. Atopic diseases were associated with late anxiety disorders. Acne (associations with mood disorders in men) and psoriasis (associations with early anxiety disorders in men and mood disorders in women) contributed sex-specific results. Urinary tract infections were associated with mood disorders and, in addition, in a sex-specific way with late anxiety disorders (men), and neurodevelopmental and early anxiety disorders (women).

Infectious, atopic and inflammatory diseases are important risk factors for all groups of mental disorders. The sexual dimorphism of the associations is pronounced.

• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Mental disorders
• Substance abuse
• Childhood diseases
• Infectious diseases
• Atopic diseases
• Chronic inflammatory diseases
• Risk factors

• Adolescence
• Attempted suicide
• Bias
• Epidemiology
• Health survey
• Parents

• attention-deficit disorder
• binge eating
• cross-sectional data
• emotional eating
• expressed emotions
• healthy children
• negative urgency

• Adolescent
• Cyberbullying
• Emergency department
• PTSD
• Violence

• Adolescent
• Bullying/statistics & numerical data
• Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Depression/epidemiology
• Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Peer Group
• Prevalence
• Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology
• Suicidal Ideation
• Violence/statistics & numerical data

• K23 MH095866 NIMH NIH HHS
• K24 DA037109 NIDA NIH HHS
• K23MH095866 NIMH NIH HHS

• Age of onset
• Family aggregation
• High-risk study
• Major depression
• Mania
• Substance use disorders

• ADHD
• adolescents
• parent
• rating scale
• validation study.

• ADHD
• Children
• Mental health
• Suicidal ideation
• Suicide

• Child
• Ethnicity
• Europe/epidemiology
• Family Characteristics
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Mental Disorders/epidemiology
• Prevalence
• Socioeconomic Factors
• Suicidal Ideation
• Surveys and Questionnaires