Kashyap R, Shah A, Dutt T, Wieruszewski PM, Ahdal J, Jain R. Treatments and limitations for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A review of current literature. World J Clin Infect Dis 2019; 9(1): 1-10 [DOI: 10.5495/wjcid.v9.i1.1]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Rahul Kashyap, MBBS, Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street, SW Rochester, Rochester, MN 55902, United States. kashyap.rahul@mayo.edu
Research Domain of This Article
Infectious Diseases
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviewes
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Kashyap R, Shah A, Dutt T, Wieruszewski PM, Ahdal J, Jain R. Treatments and limitations for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A review of current literature. World J Clin Infect Dis 2019; 9(1): 1-10 [DOI: 10.5495/wjcid.v9.i1.1]
Author contributions: Kashyap R, Shah A, Dutt T and Wieruszewski SM conceptualized the review; Ahdal J and Jain R performed the initial literature search and procured the required literature for the review; Kashyap R, Ahdal J and Jain R prepared the initial manuscript draft; Shah A, Dutt T and Wieruszewski SM performed initial review of the manuscript and finalized the contents; Kashyap R, Shah A, Dutt T, Wieruszewski SM, Ahdal J and Jain R individually reviewed the final draft and approved the same.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors Rahul Kashyap, Aditya Shah, Taru Dutt, and Patrick M. Wieruszewski have nothing to declare. Authors Jaishid Ahdal and Rishi Jain are salaried employees of the Wockhardt Ltd, BKC, Mumbai, India.
Corresponding author: Rahul Kashyap, MBBS, Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street, SW Rochester, Rochester, MN 55902, United States. kashyap.rahul@mayo.edu
Telephone: +1-507-2557196 Fax: +1-507-2554267
Received: December 31, 2018 Peer-review started: January 3, 2019 First decision: March 15, 2019 Revised: March 29, 2019 Accepted: April 8, 2019 Article in press: April 9, 2019 Published online: May 21, 2019 Processing time: 142 Days and 22.7 Hours
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has remained a major threat to healthcare; in both hospital and community settings over the past five decades. With the current use of antibiotics for a variety of infections, including MRSA, emerging resistance is a major concern. Currently available treatments have restrictions limiting their use. These issues include, but are not limited to, side effects, cross-resistance, lack of understanding of pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacodynamics, gradual increment in minimal inhibitory concentration over the period (MIC creep) and ineffectiveness in dealing with bacterial biofilms. Despite availability of various therapeutic options for MRSA, the clinical cure rates remain low with high morbidity and mortality. Given these challenges with existing treatments, there is a need for development of novel agents for MRSA. Along with prompt infection control strategies and strict implementation of antibiotic stewardship, cautious use of newer anti-MRSA agents will be of utmost importance. This article reviews the treatments and limitations of MRSA management and highlights the future path.
Core tip: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains a major threat despite availability of multiple treatments. Limitations of the current anti-MRSA treatments demand more careful use of these agents. Using antibiotics in combination for MRSA treatment needs further evaluation. Multiple strategies including research and development of new antibiotics and antibiotic stewardship are necessary to contain the MRSA.
