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Norambuena J, Al-Tameemi H, Bovermann H, Kim J, Beavers WN, Skaar EP, Parker D, Boyd JM. Copper ions inhibit pentose phosphate pathway function in Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011393. [PMID: 37235600 PMCID: PMC10249872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain a better insight of how Copper (Cu) ions toxify cells, metabolomic analyses were performed in S. aureus strains that lacks the described Cu ion detoxification systems (ΔcopBL ΔcopAZ; cop-). Exposure of the cop- strain to Cu(II) resulted in an increase in the concentrations of metabolites utilized to synthesize phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP). PRPP is created using the enzyme phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (Prs) which catalyzes the interconversion of ATP and ribose 5-phosphate to PRPP and AMP. Supplementing growth medium with metabolites requiring PRPP for synthesis improved growth in the presence of Cu(II). A suppressor screen revealed that a strain with a lesion in the gene coding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (apt) was more resistant to Cu. Apt catalyzes the conversion of adenine with PRPP to AMP. The apt mutant had an increased pool of adenine suggesting that the PRPP pool was being redirected. Over-production of apt, or alternate enzymes that utilize PRPP, increased sensitivity to Cu(II). Increasing or decreasing expression of prs resulted in decreased and increased sensitivity to growth in the presence of Cu(II), respectively. We demonstrate that Prs is inhibited by Cu ions in vivo and in vitro and that treatment of cells with Cu(II) results in decreased PRPP levels. Lastly, we establish that S. aureus that lacks the ability to remove Cu ions from the cytosol is defective in colonizing the airway in a murine model of acute pneumonia, as well as the skin. The data presented are consistent with a model wherein Cu ions inhibits pentose phosphate pathway function and are used by the immune system to prevent S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Norambuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hassan Al-Tameemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hannah Bovermann
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - William N. Beavers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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2
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Nishal M, Ram Prasad K, Salman Dasthageer M, Ragunath A. Significance of additive manufacturing amidst the pandemic. MATERIALS TODAY. PROCEEDINGS 2023; 72:2540-2546. [PMID: 36267469 PMCID: PMC9556958 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the light of COVID-19 pandemic, a global shortage for Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) led to the search for an alternative to fill the gap where additive manufacturing made necessary development of rapid design and adaptive filtering masks for local manufacturing using 3D printing to help the frontline workers. The review focuses on the utilization of antimicrobial materials in additive manufacturing with the use of bespoke design to facilitate and respond to the disruptions in the medical supply chain. Previous studies confirmed the age-old theory of copper as an antimicrobial material with contact killing properties. The antimicrobial properties of copper have been registered at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the first solid antimicrobial material. Combining the properties of copper in a PLA (Polylactic Acid) filament as a nano composite, Copper-3D facilitates the antimicrobial properties to any 3D printed object. Provided this flexibility of 3D printing, the use of masks designed distinctively based on the 3D scan of an individual's facial structures as an efficient Personnel Protective Equipment is also addressed. Additive manufacturing as a support to the shortage of medical devices and a responsive method to the disruption in the supply chain is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nishal
- Department of mechanical engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Tk-602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Ram Prasad
- Department of mechanical engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Tk-602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Salman Dasthageer
- Department of mechanical engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Tk-602117, Tamil Nadu, India,Corresponding author
| | - A.G. Ragunath
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Wright JR, Ly TT, Cromwell KB, Brislawn CJ, Chen See JR, Anderson SLC, Pellegrino J, Peachey L, Walls CY, Lloyd CM, Jones OY, Lawrence MW, Bess JA, Wall AC, Shope AJ, Lamendella R. Assessment of a novel continuous cleaning device using metatranscriptomics in diverse hospital environments. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:1015507. [PMID: 36935775 PMCID: PMC10020724 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1015507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite routine implementation of cleaning and disinfection practices in clinical healthcare settings, high-touch environmental surfaces and contaminated equipment often serve as reservoirs for the transmission of pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Methods The current study involved the analysis of high-touch surface swabs using a metatranscriptomic sequencing workflow (CSI-Dx™) to assess the efficacy of cleanSURFACES® technology in decreasing microbial burden by limiting re-contamination. This is a non-human single center study conducted in the Emergency Department (ED) and on an inpatient Oncology Ward of Walter Reed National Military Medical Center that have followed hygienic practices during the COVID-19 pandemic environment. Results Although there was no difference in observed microbial richness (two-tailed Wilcoxon test with Holm correction, P > 0.05), beta diversity findings identified shifts in microbial community structure between surfaces from baseline and post-intervention timepoints (Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, and Day 28). Biomarker and regression analyses identified significant reductions in annotated transcripts for various clinically relevant microorganisms' post-intervention, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Malassezia restricta, at ED and Oncology ward, respectively. Additionally, post-intervention samples predominantly consisted of Proteobacteria and to a lesser extent skin commensals and endogenous environmental microorganisms in both departments. Discussion Findings support the value of cleanSURFACES®, when coupled with routine disinfection practices, to effectively impact on the composition of active microbial communities found on high-touch surfaces in two different patient care areas of the hospital (one outpatient and one inpatient) with unique demands and patient-centered practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Wright
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Truc T Ly
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Karen B Cromwell
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Colin J Brislawn
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Jeremy R Chen See
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | | | - Jordan Pellegrino
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Logan Peachey
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Christine Y Walls
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Charise M Lloyd
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Olcay Y Jones
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew W Lawrence
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Alexander J Shope
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
- AIONX, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Regina Lamendella
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
- Correspondence: Regina Lamendella
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Ivanauskas R, Ancutienė I, Milašienė D, Ivanauskas A, Bronušienė A. Effect of Reducing Agent on Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity of Copper-Containing Particles in Textile Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7623. [PMID: 36363214 PMCID: PMC9657411 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Textile materials modified with copper-containing particles have antibacterial and antiviral properties that have prospects for use in healthcare. In the study, textile materials were saturated with copper-containing particles in their entire material volume by the absorption/diffusion method. The antibacterial properties of modified textile materials were confirmed by their inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium that spreads predominantly through the respiratory tract. For the modification, ordinary textile materials of various origins and fiber structures were used. Technological conditions and compositions of modifying solutions were established, as well as the most suitable textile materials for modification. To assess the morphological and physical characteristics of copper-containing particles and the textile materials themselves, X-ray diffraction, a scanning electron microscope, and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum were used. In modified textile samples, XRD data showed the presence of crystalline phases of copper (Cu) and copper (I) oxide (Cu2O). On the grounds of the SEM/EDS analysis, the saturation of textile materials with copper-containing particles depends on the structure of the textile materials and the origins of the fibers included in their composition, as well as the modification conditions and the copper precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigijus Ivanauskas
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Ancutienė
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Milašienė
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Department of Production Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Ivanauskas
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Asta Bronušienė
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Guo D, Kazasidis M, Hawkins A, Fan N, Leclerc Z, MacDonald D, Nastic A, Nikbakht R, Ortiz-Fernandez R, Rahmati S, Razavipour M, Richer P, Yin S, Lupoi R, Jodoin B. Cold Spray: Over 30 Years of Development Toward a Hot Future. JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY 2022; 31:866-907. [PMID: 37520275 PMCID: PMC9059919 DOI: 10.1007/s11666-022-01366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Cold Spray (CS) is a deposition process, part of the thermal spray family. In this method, powder particles are accelerated at supersonic speed within a nozzle; impacts against a substrate material triggers a complex process, ultimately leading to consolidation and bonding. CS, in its modern form, has been around for approximately 30 years and has undergone through exciting and unprecedented developmental steps. In this article, we have summarized the key inventions and sub-inventions which pioneered the innovation aspect to the process that is known today, and the key breakthroughs related to the processing of materials CS is currently mastering. CS has not followed a liner path since its invention, but an evolution more similar to a hype cycle: high initial growth of expectations, followed by a decrease in interest and a renewed thrust pushed by a number of demonstrated industrial applications. The process interest is expected to continue (gently) to grow, alongside with further development of equipment and feedstock materials specific for CS processing. A number of current applications have been identified the areas that the process is likely to be the most disruptive in the medium-long term future have been laid down.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Guo
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - M. Kazasidis
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering, Parsons Building, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A. Hawkins
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - N. Fan
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering, Parsons Building, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Z. Leclerc
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - D. MacDonald
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - A. Nastic
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - R. Nikbakht
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | | | - S. Rahmati
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - M. Razavipour
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - P. Richer
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - S. Yin
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering, Parsons Building, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R. Lupoi
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering, Parsons Building, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B. Jodoin
- Cold Spray Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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Proctor C, Garner E, Hamilton KA, Ashbolt NJ, Caverly LJ, Falkinham JO, Haas CN, Prevost M, Prevots DR, Pruden A, Raskin L, Stout J, Haig SJ. Tenets of a holistic approach to drinking water-associated pathogen research, management, and communication. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:117997. [PMID: 34999316 PMCID: PMC8821414 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, drinking water-associated pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised or otherwise susceptible individuals (henceforth referred to as DWPI), sometimes referred to as opportunistic pathogens or opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens, have received considerable attention. DWPI research has largely been conducted by experts focusing on specific microorganisms or within silos of expertise. The resulting mitigation approaches optimized for a single microorganism may have unintended consequences and trade-offs for other DWPI or other interests (e.g., energy costs and conservation). For example, the ecological and epidemiological issues characteristic of Legionella pneumophila diverge from those relevant for Mycobacterium avium and other nontuberculous mycobacteria. Recent advances in understanding DWPI as part of a complex microbial ecosystem inhabiting drinking water systems continues to reveal additional challenges: namely, how can all microorganisms of concern be managed simultaneously? In order to protect public health, we must take a more holistic approach in all aspects of the field, including basic research, monitoring methods, risk-based mitigation techniques, and policy. A holistic approach will (i) target multiple microorganisms simultaneously, (ii) involve experts across several disciplines, and (iii) communicate results across disciplines and more broadly, proactively addressing source water-to-customer system management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Proctor
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emily Garner
- Wadsworth Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kerry A Hamilton
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment and The Biodesign Centre for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashbolt
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast. Queensland, Australia
| | - Lindsay J Caverly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Charles N Haas
- Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele Prevost
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Rebecca Prevots
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Janet Stout
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, and Special Pathogens Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah-Jane Haig
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, and Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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7
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Virieux-Petit M, Hammer-Dedet F, Aujoulat F, Jumas-Bilak E, Romano-Bertrand S. From Copper Tolerance to Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa towards Patho-Adaptation and Hospital Success. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020301. [PMID: 35205346 PMCID: PMC8872213 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hospital environment constitutes a reservoir of opportunistic pathogens responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa). Pa persistence within technological niches, the increasing emergence of epidemic high-risk clones in HCAI, the epidemiological link between plumbing strains and clinical strains, make it a major nosocomial pathogen. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of Pa adaptation to hospital water systems would be useful in preventing HCAI. This review deciphers how copper resistance contributes to Pa adaptation and persistence in a hospital environment, especially within copper water systems, and ultimately to its success as a causative agent of HCAI. Numerous factors are involved in copper homeostasis in Pa, among which active efflux conferring copper tolerance, and copper-binding proteins regulating the copper compartmentalization between periplasm and cytoplasm. The functional harmony of copper homeostasis is regulated by several transcriptional regulators. The genomic island GI-7 appeared as especially responsible for the copper resistance in Pa. Mechanisms of copper and antibiotic cross-resistance and co-resistance are also identified, with potential co-regulation processes between them. Finally, copper resistance of Pa confers selective advantages in colonizing and persisting in hospital environments but also appears as an asset at the host/pathogen interface that helps in HCAI occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Virieux-Petit
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
| | - Florence Hammer-Dedet
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
| | - Fabien Aujoulat
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
- Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control Team, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Romano-Bertrand
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
- Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control Team, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
- UMR 5151 HSM, Equipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier, 15, Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-11-75-94-30
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Birkett M, Dover L, Cherian Lukose C, Wasy Zia A, Tambuwala MM, Serrano-Aroca Á. Recent Advances in Metal-Based Antimicrobial Coatings for High-Touch Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1162. [PMID: 35163084 PMCID: PMC8835042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
International interest in metal-based antimicrobial coatings to control the spread of bacteria, fungi, and viruses via high contact human touch surfaces are growing at an exponential rate. This interest recently reached an all-time high with the outbreak of the deadly COVID-19 disease, which has already claimed the lives of more than 5 million people worldwide. This global pandemic has highlighted the major role that antimicrobial coatings can play in controlling the spread of deadly viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and scientists and engineers are now working harder than ever to develop the next generation of antimicrobial materials. This article begins with a review of three discrete microorganism-killing phenomena of contact-killing surfaces, nanoprotrusions, and superhydrophobic surfaces. The antimicrobial properties of metals such as copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and zinc (Zn) are reviewed along with the effects of combining them with titanium dioxide (TiO2) to create a binary or ternary contact-killing surface coatings. The self-cleaning and bacterial resistance of purely structural superhydrophobic surfaces and the potential of physical surface nanoprotrusions to damage microbial cells are then considered. The article then gives a detailed discussion on recent advances in attempting to combine these individual phenomena to create super-antimicrobial metal-based coatings with binary or ternary killing potential against a broad range of microorganisms, including SARS-CoV-2, for high-touch surface applications such as hand rails, door plates, and water fittings on public transport and in healthcare, care home and leisure settings as well as personal protective equipment commonly used in hospitals and in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Birkett
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (C.C.L.); (A.W.Z.)
| | - Lynn Dover
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
| | - Cecil Cherian Lukose
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (C.C.L.); (A.W.Z.)
| | - Abdul Wasy Zia
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (C.C.L.); (A.W.Z.)
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
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9
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Shen Q, Qi Y, Kong Y, Bao H, Wang Y, Dong A, Wu H, Xu Y. Advances in Copper-Based Biomaterials With Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:795425. [PMID: 35127670 PMCID: PMC8811349 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.795425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating bone defects coupled with pathogen infections poses a formidable challenge to clinical medicine. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop orthopedic implants that provide excellent antibacterial and osteogenic properties. Of the various types, copper-based biomaterials capable of both regenerating bone and fighting infections are an effective therapeutic strategy for bone tissue engineering and therefore have attracted significant research interest. This review examines the advantages of copper-based biomaterials for biological functions and introduces these materials’ antibacterial mechanisms. We summarize current knowledge about the application of copper-based biomaterials with antimicrobial and osteogenic properties in the prevention and treatment of bone infection and discuss their potential uses in the field of orthopedics. By examining both broad and in-depth research, this review functions as a practical guide to developing copper-based biomaterials and offers directions for possible future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudi Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yansong Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yangzhi Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huricha Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Alideertu Dong, ; Haixia Wu, ; Yongsheng Xu,
| | - Haixia Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Alideertu Dong, ; Haixia Wu, ; Yongsheng Xu,
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Alideertu Dong, ; Haixia Wu, ; Yongsheng Xu,
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10
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Razavipour M, Gonzalez M, Singh N, Cimenci CE, Chu N, Alarcon EI, Villafuerte J, Jodoin B. Biofilm Inhibition and Antiviral Response of Cold Sprayed and Shot Peened Copper Surfaces: Effect of Surface Morphology and Microstructure. JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY 2022; 31:130-144. [PMID: 37520908 PMCID: PMC8735887 DOI: 10.1007/s11666-021-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial properties of copper against planktonic bacteria population are affected by surface microstructure and topography. However, copper interactions with bacteria in a biofilm state are less studied. This work aims at better understanding the difference in biofilm inhibition of bulk, cold-sprayed, and shot-peened copper surfaces and gaining further insights on the underlying mechanisms using optical and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the topography and microstructure of the surfaces. The biofilm inhibition ability is reported for all surfaces. Results show that the biofilm inhibition performance of cold sprayed copper, while initially better, decreases with time and results in an almost identical performance than as-received copper after 18h incubation time. The shot-peened samples with a rough and ultrafine microstructure demonstrated an enhanced biofilm control, especially at 18 hr. The biofilm control mechanisms were explained by the diffusion rates and concentration of copper ions and the interaction between these ions and the biofilm, while surface topography plays a role in the bacteria attachment at the early planktonic state. Furthermore, the data suggest that surface topography plays a key role in antiviral activity of the materials tested, with a smooth surface being the most efficient. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Razavipour
- Cold Spray Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Mayte Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, BEaTS Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Naveen Singh
- Cold Spray Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Cagla Eren Cimenci
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, BEaTS Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Nicole Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, BEaTS Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, BEaTS Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Bertrand Jodoin
- Cold Spray Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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11
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Neutrosophic statistical analysis of resistance depending on the temperature variance of conducting material. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23939. [PMID: 34907243 PMCID: PMC8671536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have proposed a neutrosophic statistical approach for the analysis of resistance of conducting material depending on the temperature variance. We have developed a neutrosophic formula and applied it to the resistance data. We also use the classical statistical approach for making a comparison between both approaches. As a result, it is observed that the neutrosophic statistical approach is more flexible and informative. Also, this work suggests that the neutrosophic statistical approach analyzes the resistance of conducting material for big data.
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12
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Mubeen B, Ansar AN, Rasool R, Ullah I, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Alzarea SI, Nadeem MS, Kazmi I. Nanotechnology as a Novel Approach in Combating Microbes Providing an Alternative to Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1473. [PMID: 34943685 PMCID: PMC8698349 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of infectious diseases promises to be one of the leading mortality factors in the healthcare sector. Although several drugs are available on the market, newly found microorganisms carrying multidrug resistance (MDR) against which existing drugs cannot function effectively, giving rise to escalated antibiotic dosage therapies and the need to develop novel drugs, which require time, money, and manpower. Thus, the exploitation of antimicrobials has led to the production of MDR bacteria, and their prevalence and growth are a major concern. Novel approaches to prevent antimicrobial drug resistance are in practice. Nanotechnology-based innovation provides physicians and patients the opportunity to overcome the crisis of drug resistance. Nanoparticles have promising potential in the healthcare sector. Recently, nanoparticles have been designed to address pathogenic microorganisms. A multitude of processes that can vary with various traits, including size, morphology, electrical charge, and surface coatings, allow researchers to develop novel composite antimicrobial substances for use in different applications performing antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial activity of inorganic and carbon-based nanoparticles can be applied to various research, medical, and industrial uses in the future and offer a solution to the crisis of antimicrobial resistance to traditional approaches. Metal-based nanoparticles have also been extensively studied for many biomedical applications. In addition to reduced size and selectivity for bacteria, metal-based nanoparticles have proven effective against pathogens listed as a priority, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover, antimicrobial studies of nanoparticles were carried out not only in vitro but in vivo as well in order to investigate their efficacy. In addition, nanomaterials provide numerous opportunities for infection prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and biofilm control. This study emphasizes the antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles and contrasts nanoparticles' with antibiotics' role in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms. Future prospects revolve around developing new strategies and products to prevent, control, and treat microbial infections in humans and other animals, including viral infections seen in the current pandemic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismillah Mubeen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (B.M.); (A.N.A.); (R.R.); (I.U.)
| | - Aunza Nayab Ansar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (B.M.); (A.N.A.); (R.R.); (I.U.)
| | - Rabia Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (B.M.); (A.N.A.); (R.R.); (I.U.)
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (B.M.); (A.N.A.); (R.R.); (I.U.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Bäumler W, Eckl D, Holzmann T, Schneider-Brachert W. Antimicrobial coatings for environmental surfaces in hospitals: a potential new pillar for prevention strategies in hygiene. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:531-564. [PMID: 34699296 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1991271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports provide evidence that contaminated healthcare environments represent major sources for the acquisition and transmission of pathogens. Antimicrobial coatings (AMC) may permanently and autonomously reduce the contamination of such environmental surfaces complementing standard hygiene procedures. This review provides an overview of the current status of AMC and the demands to enable a rational application of AMC in health care settings. Firstly, a suitable laboratory test norm is required that adequately quantifies the efficacy of AMC. In particular, the frequently used wet testing (e.g. ISO 22196) must be replaced by testing under realistic, dry surface conditions. Secondly, field studies should be mandatory to provide evidence for antimicrobial efficacy under real-life conditions. The antimicrobial efficacy should be correlated to the rate of nosocomial transmission at least. Thirdly, the respective AMC technology should not add additional bacterial resistance development induced by the biocidal agents and co- or cross-resistance with antibiotic substances. Lastly, the biocidal substances used in AMC should be safe for humans and the environment. These measures should help to achieve a broader acceptance for AMC in healthcare settings and beyond. Technologies like the photodynamic approach already fulfil most of these AMC requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bäumler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Eckl
- Department of Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Holzmann
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Abraham J, Dowling K, Florentine S. Can Copper Products and Surfaces Reduce the Spread of Infectious Microorganisms and Hospital-Acquired Infections? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3444. [PMID: 34206230 PMCID: PMC8269470 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen transfer and infection in the built environment are globally significant events, leading to the spread of disease and an increase in subsequent morbidity and mortality rates. There are numerous strategies followed in healthcare facilities to minimize pathogen transfer, but complete infection control has not, as yet, been achieved. However, based on traditional use in many cultures, the introduction of copper products and surfaces to significantly and positively retard pathogen transmission invites further investigation. For example, many microbes are rendered unviable upon contact exposure to copper or copper alloys, either immediately or within a short time. In addition, many disease-causing bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7, hospital superbugs, and several viruses (including SARS-CoV-2) are also susceptible to exposure to copper surfaces. It is thus suggested that replacing common touch surfaces in healthcare facilities, food industries, and public places (including public transport) with copper or alloys of copper may substantially contribute to limiting transmission. Subsequent hospital admissions and mortality rates will consequently be lowered, with a concomitant saving of lives and considerable levels of resources. This consideration is very significant in times of the COVID-19 pandemic and the upcoming epidemics, as it is becoming clear that all forms of possible infection control measures should be practiced in order to protect community well-being and promote healthy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Abraham
- School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Mt Helen Campus, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
| | - Kim Dowling
- School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Mt Helen Campus, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- Future Regions Research Centre, School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen Campus, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
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15
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Salah I, Parkin IP, Allan E. Copper as an antimicrobial agent: recent advances. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18179-18186. [PMID: 35480904 PMCID: PMC9033467 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From its uses in ancient civilisations, copper has an established history as an antimicrobial agent. Extensive research has determined the efficacy and mechanism of copper's antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. The process is multifaceted with the main mechanism of bactericidal activity being the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which irreversibly damages membranes. Copper ions released from surfaces lead to RNA degradation and membrane disruption of enveloped viruses. For fungi, the mechanism involves the physical deterioration of the membrane and copper ion influx. Due to variations in the experimental parameters, it is difficult to compare studies directly. In this review article, we outline the importance of the experimental conditions currently employed and how they bear little resemblance to real-world conditions. We endorse previous recommendations calling for an update to industrial standard tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intisar Salah
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London UK
| | - Elaine Allan
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street London UK
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16
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Coating Technologies for Copper Based Antimicrobial Active Surfaces: A Perspective Review. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial contamination of medical devices and treatment rooms leads to several detrimental hospital and device-associated infections. Antimicrobial copper coatings are a new approach to control healthcare-associated infections (HAI’s). This review paper focuses on the efficient methods for depositing highly adherent copper-based antimicrobial coatings onto a variety of metal surfaces. Antimicrobial properties of the copper coatings produced by various deposition methods including thermal spray technique, electrodeposition, electroless plating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and sputtering techniques are compared. The coating produced using different processes did not produce similar properties. Also, process parameters often could be varied for any given coating process to impart a change in structure, topography, wettability, hardness, surface roughness, and adhesion strength. In turn, all of them affect antimicrobial activity. Fundamental concepts of the coating process are described in detail by highlighting the influence of process parameters to increase antimicrobial activity. The strategies for developing antimicrobial surfaces could help in understanding the mechanism of killing the microbes.
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17
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Dauvergne E, Mullié C. Brass Alloys: Copper-Bottomed Solutions against Hospital-Acquired Infections? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030286. [PMID: 33801855 PMCID: PMC7999369 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper has been used for its antimicrobial properties since Antiquity. Nowadays, touch surfaces made of copper-based alloys such as brasses are used in healthcare settings in an attempt to reduce the bioburden and limit environmental transmission of nosocomial pathogens. After a brief history of brass uses, the various mechanisms that are thought to be at the basis of brass antimicrobial action will be described. Evidence shows that direct contact with the surface as well as cupric and cuprous ions arising from brass surfaces are instrumental in the antimicrobial effectiveness. These copper ions can lead to oxidative stress, membrane alterations, protein malfunctions, and/or DNA damages. Laboratory studies back up a broad spectrum of activity of brass surfaces on bacteria with the possible exception of bacteria in their sporulated form. Various parameters influencing the antimicrobial activity such as relative humidity, temperature, wet/dry inoculation or wear have been identified, making it mandatory to standardize antibacterial testing. Field trials using brass and copper surfaces consistently report reductions in the bacterial bioburden but, evidence is still sparse as to a significant impact on hospital acquired infections. Further work is also needed to assess the long-term effects of chemical/physical wear on their antimicrobial effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dauvergne
- Laboratoire AGIR-UR UPJV 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens, France;
- FAVI Limited Company, 80490 Hallencourt, France
| | - Catherine Mullié
- Laboratoire AGIR-UR UPJV 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire Hygiène, Risque Biologique et Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, 80025 Amiens, France
- Correspondence:
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18
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The photocatalytic antibacterial behavior of Cu-doped nanocrystalline hematite prepared by mechanical alloying. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Bleichert P, Bütof L, Rückert C, Herzberg M, Francisco R, Morais PV, Grass G, Kalinowski J, Nies DH. Mutant Strains of Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Obtained by Laboratory Selection To Survive on Metallic Copper Surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:e01788-20. [PMID: 33067196 PMCID: PMC7755237 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01788-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial laboratory evolution was used to produce mutant strains of Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) able to survive on antimicrobial metallic copper surfaces. These mutants were 12- and 60-fold less susceptible to the copper-mediated contact killing process than their respective parent strains. Growth levels of the mutant and its parent in complex growth medium were similar. Tolerance to copper ions of the mutants was unchanged. The mutant phenotype remained stable over about 250 generations under nonstress conditions. The mutants and their respective parental strains accumulated copper released from the metallic surfaces to similar extents. Nevertheless, only the parental strains succumbed to copper stress when challenged on metallic copper surfaces, suffering complete destruction of the cell structure. Whole-genome sequencing and global transcriptome analysis were used to decipher the genetic alterations in the mutant strains; however, these results did not explain the copper-tolerance phenotypes on the systemic level. Instead, the mutants shared features with those of stressed bacterial subpopulations entering the early or "shallow" persister state. In contrast to the canonical persister state, however, the ability to survive on solid copper surfaces was adopted by the majority of the mutant strain population. This indicated that application of solid copper surfaces in hospitals and elsewhere has to be accompanied by strict cleaning regimens to keep the copper surfaces active and prevent evolution of tolerant mutant strains.IMPORTANCE Microbes are rapidly killed on solid copper surfaces by contact killing. Copper surfaces thus have an important role to play in preventing the spread of nosocomial infections. Bacteria adapt to challenging natural and clinical environments through evolutionary processes, for instance, by acquisition of beneficial spontaneous mutations. We wish to address the question of whether mutants can be selected that have evolved to survive contact killing on solid copper surfaces. We isolated such mutants from Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by artificial laboratory evolution. The ability to survive on solid copper surfaces was a stable phenotype of the mutant population and not restricted to a small subpopulation. As a consequence, standard operation procedures with strict hygienic measures are extremely important to prevent the emergence and spread of copper-surface-tolerant persister-like bacterial strains if copper surfaces are to be sustainably used to limit the spread of pathogenic bacteria, e.g., to curb nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Bütof
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Molecular Microbiology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Martin Herzberg
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Molecular Microbiology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Romeu Francisco
- CEMMPRE-Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula V Morais
- CEMMPRE-Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gregor Grass
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Bielefeld University, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dietrich H Nies
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Molecular Microbiology, Halle (Saale), Germany
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20
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Hao X, Zhu J, Rensing C, Liu Y, Gao S, Chen W, Huang Q, Liu YR. Recent advances in exploring the heavy metal(loid) resistant microbiome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:94-109. [PMID: 33425244 PMCID: PMC7771044 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s exert selective pressure on microbial communities and evolution of metal resistance determinants. Despite increasing knowledge concerning the impact of metal pollution on microbial community and ecological function, it is still a challenge to identify a consistent pattern of microbial community composition along gradients of elevated metal(loid)s in natural environments. Further, our current knowledge of the microbial metal resistome at the community level has been lagging behind compared to the state-of-the-art genetic profiling of bacterial metal resistance mechanisms in a pure culture system. This review provides an overview of the core metal resistant microbiome, development of metal resistance strategies, and potential factors driving the diversity and distribution of metal resistance determinants in natural environments. The impacts of biotic factors regulating the bacterial metal resistome are highlighted. We finally discuss the advances in multiple technologies, research challenges, and future directions to better understand the interface of the environmental microbiome with the metal resistome. This review aims to highlight the diversity and wide distribution of heavy metal(loid)s and their corresponding resistance determinants, helping to better understand the resistance strategy at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Corresponding authors at: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Corresponding authors at: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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21
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Alayande AB, Kim CM, Vrouwenvelder JS, Kim IS. Antibacterial rGO-CuO-Ag film with contact- and release-based inactivation properties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110130. [PMID: 32871149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the high operational costs of water treatment because of membrane biofouling, next-generation materials are being developed to counteract microbial growth. These modern anti-biofouling strategies are based on new membrane materials or membrane surface modifications. In this study, antimicrobial films comprising rGO, rGO-CuO, rGO-Ag, and rGO-CuO-Ag were synthesized, evaluated, and tested for potential biofouling control using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as the model bacterium. The combined rGO-CuO-Ag film displayed enhanced reduction (10-log reduction) in biofouling in comparison to the rGO film (control), followed by the rGO-Ag film (8-log reduction) and rGO-CuO film (0-log reduction). This demonstrated that the use of mixed antimicrobial agents is more effective in reducing biofouling than that of a single agent. The rGO-CuO-Ag film exhibited consistent, controlled, and moderate release of silver (Ag) ions. The release of Ag ions produced a long-lasting antimicrobial effect. These results underscore the potential applications of combined antimicrobial surface-based agents in practice and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi Babatunde Alayande
- Global Desalination Research Center (GDRC), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Kim
- Global Desalination Research Center (GDRC), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - In S Kim
- Global Desalination Research Center (GDRC), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Moreira Martins PM, Gong T, de Souza AA, Wood TK. Copper Kills Escherichia coli Persister Cells. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080506. [PMID: 32806704 PMCID: PMC7459663 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their reduced metabolism, persister cells can survive most antimicrobial treatments, which usually rely on corrupting active biochemical pathways. Therefore, molecules that kill bacterial persisters should function in a metabolism-independent manner. Some anti-persister compounds have been found previously, such as the DNA-crosslinkers mitomycin C and cisplatin, but more effective and lower cost alternatives are needed. Copper alloys have been used since ancient times due to their antimicrobial properties, and they are still used in agriculture to control plant bacterial diseases. By stopping transcription with rifampicin and by treating with ampicillin to remove non-persister cells, we created a population that consists solely of Escherichia coli persister cells. Using this population of persister cells, we demonstrate that cupric compounds kill E. coli persister cells. Hence, copper ions may be used in controlling the spread of important bacterial strains that withstand treatment with conventional antimicrobials by forming persister cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Maria Moreira Martins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (P.M.M.M.); (T.G.)
- Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis-SP 13490-970, Brazil;
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (P.M.M.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Alessandra A. de Souza
- Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis-SP 13490-970, Brazil;
| | - Thomas K. Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (P.M.M.M.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Maertens L, Coninx I, Claesen J, Leys N, Matroule JY, Van Houdt R. Copper Resistance Mediates Long-Term Survival of Cupriavidus metallidurans in Wet Contact With Metallic Copper. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1208. [PMID: 32582116 PMCID: PMC7284064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic copper to combat bacterial proliferation in drinking water systems is being investigated as an attractive alternative to existing strategies. A potential obstacle to this approach is the induction of metal resistance mechanisms in contaminating bacteria, that could severely impact inactivation efficacy. Thus far, the role of these resistance mechanisms has not been studied in conditions relevant to drinking water systems. Therefore, we evaluated the inactivation kinetics of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 in contact with metallic copper in drinking water. Viability and membrane permeability were examined for 9 days through viable counts and flow cytometry. After an initial drop in viable count, a significant recovery was observed starting after 48 h. This behavior could be explained by either a recovery from an injured/viable-but-non-culturable state or regrowth of surviving cells metabolizing lysed cells. Either hypothesis would necessitate an induction of copper resistance mechanisms, since no recovery was seen in a CH34 mutant strain lacking metal resistance mechanisms, while being more pronounced when copper resistance mechanisms were pre-induced. Interestingly, no biofilms were formed on the copper surface, while extensive biofilm formation was observed on the stainless steel control plates. When CH34 cells in water were supplied with CuSO4, a similar initial decrease in viable counts was observed, but cells recovered fully after 7 days. In conclusion, we have shown that long-term bacterial survival in the presence of a copper surface is possible upon the induction of metal resistance mechanisms. This observation may have important consequences in the context of the increasing use of copper as an antimicrobial surface, especially in light of potential co-selection for metal and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Maertens
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ilse Coninx
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Matroule
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
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24
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Optimization of Antibacterial Properties of “Hybrid” Metal-Sputtered Superhydrophobic Surfaces. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial attachment and colonization to hygiene sensitive surfaces, both public and nosocomial, as well as in food industry areas, poses a serious problem to human healthcare. Several infection incidents are reported, while bacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing. Recently, novel techniques for the design of antibacterial surfaces to limit bacterial spreading have emerged, including bifunctional antibacterial surfaces with antifouling and bactericidal action. In this context, we have recently developed smart, universal, metal-sputtered superhydrophobic surfaces, demonstrating both bacterial repulsion and killing efficacy. Herein, we present the optimization process that led to the realization of these “hybrid” antibacterial surfaces. To this end, two bactericidal agents, silver and copper, were tested for their efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria, with copper showing a stronger bactericidal action. In addition, between two low surface energy coatings, the fluorinated-alkyl self-assembled chlorosilane layer from perfluorinated octyltrichlorosilane (pFOTS) solution and the fluorocarbon layer from octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) plasma were both approved for their anti-adhesive properties after immersion in bacterial solution. However, the latter was found to be more efficient when engrafted with the bactericidal agent in shielding its killing performance. Furthermore, the thickness of the plasma-deposited fluorocarbon layer was optimized, in order to simultaneously retain both the superhydrophobicity of the surface and its long-term bactericidal activity.
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25
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The Use of Copper as an Antimicrobial Agent in Health Care, Including Obstetrics and Gynecology. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:32/4/e00125-18. [PMID: 31413046 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00125-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a global problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Controlling the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a major public health challenge, and antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most important global problems in current times. The antimicrobial effect of copper has been known for centuries, and ongoing research is being conducted on the use of copper-coated hard and soft surfaces for reduction of microbial contamination and, subsequently, reduction of HAIs. This review provides an overview of the historical and current evidence of the antimicrobial and wound-healing properties of copper and explores its possible utility in obstetrics and gynecology.
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26
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Singh N, Paknikar KM, Rajwade J. Gene expression is influenced due to 'nano' and 'ionic' copper in pre-formed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:367-375. [PMID: 31153105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Today, researchers across the globe suggest the use of antimicrobial coatings containing copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) complementing the traditional protocols to prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Since Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the commonest opportunistic pathogens, we assessed the anti-biofilm activity of CuNPs in P. aeruginosa MTCC 3541 and compared it with Cu2+ (copper sulphate) since the latter continues to be used as an antimicrobial-of-choice in food industries, agriculture and water treatment. In this study, we synthesized and characterized stable poly-acrylic acid (PAA) coated CuNPs with a size of 66-150 nm and zeta potential -13 mV. Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 3541 biofilms were highly resistant to both CuNPs and Cu2+ (minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, MBIC 300 and >600 μg/mL respectively). Scanning electron microscopy revealed alterations in cell morphology upon treatment with CuNPs. A closer analysis of the biofilm-specific gene expression (qRT-PCR) revealed that CuNPs downregulated the genes involved in biofilm matrix formation, motility, efflux, membrane lipoprotein synthesis and DNA replication. Both, CuNPs and Cu2+ up regulated copper resistance and biofilm dispersion genes. Copper did not affect the bacterial communication system as evidenced by downregulation of the negative regulator of quorum sensing. The gene expression analysis reveals multiple cellular targets for CuNPs and ionic Cu. The present study highlights the fact that CuNPs affect the membrane functions adversely damaging the cell surface. In pre-formed biofilms, CuNPs were more toxic and displayed distinct responses attributable due to 'nano' and 'ionic' copper. Our findings thus support the use of CuNPs for curbing HAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Singh
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkind Road, Pune, 41107, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kishore M Paknikar
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkind Road, Pune, 41107, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Jyutika Rajwade
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkind Road, Pune, 41107, Maharashtra, India.
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27
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Subedi D, Kohli GS, Vijay AK, Willcox M, Rice SA. Accessory genome of the multi-drug resistant ocular isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA34. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215038. [PMID: 30986237 PMCID: PMC6464166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can acquire an accessory genome through the horizontal transfer of genetic elements from non-parental lineages. This leads to rapid genetic evolution allowing traits such as antibiotic resistance and virulence to spread through bacterial communities. The study of complete genomes of bacterial strains helps to understand the genomic traits associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. We aimed to investigate the complete accessory genome of an ocular isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA34. We obtained the complete genome of PA34 utilising genome sequence reads from Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology followed by PCR to close any identified gaps. In-depth genomic analysis was performed using various bioinformatics tools. The susceptibility to heavy metals and cytotoxicity was determined to confirm expression of certain traits. The complete genome of PA34 includes a chromosome of 6.8 Mbp and two plasmids of 95.4 Kbp (pMKPA34-1) and 26.8 Kbp (pMKPA34-2). PA34 had a large accessory genome of 1,213 genes and had 543 unique genes not present in other strains. These exclusive genes encoded features related to metal and antibiotic resistance, phage integrase and transposons. At least 24 genomic islands (GIs) were predicated in the complete chromosome, of which two were integrated into novel sites. Eleven GIs carried virulence factors or replaced pathogenic genes. A bacteriophage carried the aminoglycoside resistance gene (AAC(3)-IId). The two plasmids carried other six antibiotic resistance genes. The large accessory genome of this ocular isolate plays a large role in shaping its virulence and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Subedi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Gurjeet Singh Kohli
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajay Kumar Vijay
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott A. Rice
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The ithree Institute, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Wright BW, Kamath KS, Krisp C, Molloy MP. Proteome profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 identifies novel responders to copper stress. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:69. [PMID: 30935370 PMCID: PMC6444534 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is well known for its environmental and metabolic versatility, yet many of the functions of its gene-products remain to be fully elucidated. This study's objective was to illuminate the potential functions of under-described gene-products during the medically relevant copper-stress condition. RESULTS We used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to quantitate protein expression changes associated with copper stress in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Approximately 2000 non-redundant proteins were quantified, with 78 proteins altering in abundance by +/- 1.5-fold or more when cultured to mid-log growth in the presence of 50 μM copper sulfate. One-third of those differentially expressed proteins have no prior established functional roles. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the functional involvement of some specific proteins in enabling P. aeruginosa to survive under sub-lethal concentrations of copper. This further paves the way for targeted investigations into the specific mechanisms of their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W. Wright
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
| | - Karthik S. Kamath
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
| | - Christoph Krisp
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 Australia
- Present address: Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, Kolling Instiute, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Bukhtiyarova PA, Antsiferov DV, Brasseur G, Avakyan MR, Frank YA, Ikkert OP, Pimenov NV, Tuovinen OH, Karnachuk OV. Isolation, characterization, and genome insights into an anaerobic sulfidogenic Tissierella bacterium from Cu-bearing coins. Anaerobe 2019; 56:66-77. [PMID: 30776428 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports on antimicrobial effects of metallic Cu prompted this study of anaerobic microbial communities on copper surfaces. Widely circulating copper-containing coinage was used as a potential source for microorganisms that had had human contact and were tolerant to copper. This study reports on the isolation, characterization, and genome of an anaerobic sulfidogenic Tissierella sp. P1from copper-containing brass coinage. Dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase dsrAB present in strain P1 genome and the visible absorbance around 630 nm in the cells suggested the presence of a desulfoviridin-type protein. However, the sulfate reduction rate measurements with 35SO42- did not confirm the dissimilatory sulfate reduction by the strain. The P1 genome lacks APS reductase, sulfate adenylyltransferase, DsrC, and DsrMK necessary for dissimilatory sulfate reduction. The isolate produced up to 0.79 mM H2S during growth, possibly due to cysteine synthase (CysK) and/or cysteine desulfhydrase (CdsH) activities, encoded in the genome. The strain can tolerate up to 2.4 mM Cu2+(150 mg/l) in liquid medium, shows affinity to metallic copper, and can survive on copper-containing coins up to three days under ambient air and dry conditions. The genome sequence of strain P1 contained cutC, encoding a copper resistance protein, which distinguishes it from all other Tissierella strains with published genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Bukhtiyarova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Antsiferov
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Gael Brasseur
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS, Mediterranean Institute of Microbiology, Marseille, France
| | - Marat R Avakyan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yulia A Frank
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga P Ikkert
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Pimenov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olli H Tuovinen
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Olga V Karnachuk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
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30
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Rosenberg M, Vija H, Kahru A, Keevil CW, Ivask A. Rapid in situ assessment of Cu-ion mediated effects and antibacterial efficacy of copper surfaces. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8172. [PMID: 29802355 PMCID: PMC5970231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of metal ions from metal-based surfaces has been considered one of the main drivers of their antimicrobial activity. Here we describe a method that enables parallel assessment of metal ion release from solid metallic surfaces and antimicrobial efficacy of these surfaces in a short time period. The protocol involves placement of a small volume of bioluminescent bacteria onto the tested surface and direct measurement of bioluminescence at various time points. In this study, two recombinant Escherichia coli strains, one expressing bioluminescence constitutively and applicable for general antimicrobial testing, and the other induced by Cu ions, were selected. Decrease in bioluminescence of constitutive E. coli on the surfaces showed a good correlation with the decrease in bacterial viability. Response of Cu-inducible E. coli showed a correlation with Cu content in the tested surfaces but not with Cu dissolution suggesting the role of direct bacteria-surface contact in Cu ion-driven antibacterial effects. In summary, the presented protocol enables the analysis of microbial toxicity and bioavailability of surface-released metal ions directly on solid surfaces within 30-60 min. Although optimized for copper and copper alloy surfaces and E. coli, the method can be extended to other types of metallic surfaces and bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merilin Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Heiki Vija
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.,Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - C William Keevil
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Angela Ivask
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.
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31
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Vincent M, Duval RE, Hartemann P, Engels-Deutsch M. Contact killing and antimicrobial properties of copper. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1032-1046. [PMID: 29280540 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of antibiotic resistance, the interest for antimicrobial agents has recently increased again in public health. Copper was recognized in 2008 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the first metallic antimicrobial agent. This led to many investigations of the various properties of copper as an antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agent. This review summarizes the latest findings about 'contact killing', the mechanism of action of copper nanoparticles and the different ways micro-organisms develop resistance to copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vincent
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès Nancy, France
| | - R E Duval
- CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, SRSMC, Nancy, France.,ABC Platform®, Nancy, France
| | - P Hartemann
- Faculté de Médecine, EA 7298, ERAMBO, DESP, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - M Engels-Deutsch
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès Nancy, France.,Faculté de Médecine, EA 7298, ERAMBO, DESP, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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32
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Różańska A, Chmielarczyk A, Romaniszyn D, Majka G, Bulanda M. Antimicrobial effect of copper alloys on Acinetobacter species isolated from infections and hospital environment. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:10. [PMID: 29387344 PMCID: PMC5778618 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increased proportion of Gram-negative bacteria have recently been reported among etiologic agents of infection. In Poland, Acinetobacter baumannii is a big problem for hospitals, especially intensive care units. Touch surfaces made from materials with antimicrobial properties, especially copper alloys, are recommended as a supplementary method of increasing biological safety in the hospital environment. Aim of the study The objective of this study is to determine the susceptibility to selected copper alloys of three clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains, one Acinetobacter lwoffi and an A. pittii strain isolated from the hospital environment. Material and method The modification of the Japanese Standard, which the ISO 22196:2011 norm was used for testing antimicrobial properties of CuZn37, CuSn6 and CuNi18Zn20 and Cu-ETP and stainless steel as positive and negative control, respectively. Results The highest cidal efficiency, expressed as both time and the degree of reduction of the initial suspension density, against all of the tested Acinetobacter strains was found for ETP copper. But, the results of our study also confirmed effective activity (bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic) of copper alloys selected for the study, contrary to the stainless steel. The reduction in bacterial suspension density is significantly different depending on the strain and copper alloy composition. Conslusions The results of our study confirmed the effective antibacterial activity of copper and its selected alloys against clinical Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter lwoffii strains, and Acinetobacter pittii strain isolated from the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Różańska
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Majka
- Chair of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bulanda
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
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33
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Anti-Microbial Effects of Conductive Copper Nanoparticle Film. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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34
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Killing of bacteria by copper, cadmium, and silver surfaces reveals relevant physicochemical parameters. Biointerphases 2017; 12:020301. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4980127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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35
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Barwinska-Sendra A, Waldron KJ. The Role of Intermetal Competition and Mis-Metalation in Metal Toxicity. Adv Microb Physiol 2017; 70:315-379. [PMID: 28528650 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The metals manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc are essential for almost all bacteria, but their precise metal requirements vary by species, by ecological niche and by growth condition. Bacteria thus must acquire each of these essential elements in sufficient quantity to satisfy their cellular demand, but in excess these same elements are toxic. Metal toxicity has been exploited by humanity for centuries, and by the mammalian immune system for far longer, yet the mechanisms by which these elements cause toxicity to bacteria are not fully understood. There has been a resurgence of interest in metal toxicity in recent decades due to the problematic spread of antibiotic resistance amongst bacterial pathogens, which has led to an increased research effort to understand these toxicity mechanisms at the molecular level. A recurring theme from these studies is the role of intermetal competition in bacterial metal toxicity. In this review, we first survey biological metal usage and introduce some fundamental chemical concepts that are important for understanding bacterial metal usage and toxicity. Then we introduce a simple model by which to understand bacterial metal homeostasis in terms of the distribution of each essential metal ion within cellular 'pools', and dissect how these pools interact with each other and with key proteins of bacterial metal homeostasis. Finally, using a number of key examples from the recent literature, we look at specific metal toxicity mechanisms in model bacteria, demonstrating the role of metal-metal competition in the toxicity mechanisms of diverse essential metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barwinska-Sendra
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Waldron
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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36
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Liu S, Zhang XX. Small colony variants are more susceptible to copper-mediated contact killing for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1143-1151. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Xue-Xian Zhang
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
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37
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Vincent M, Hartemann P, Engels-Deutsch M. Antimicrobial applications of copper. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:585-591. [PMID: 27318723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper has long been known to have antimicrobial activity and is used in drinking water treatment and transportation. It has been recognized by the American Environmental Protection Agency as the first metallic antimicrobial agent in 2008. With ongoing waterborne hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic resistance, research on copper as an antimicrobial agent is again very attractive. Many studies have shown that the use of copper surface and copper particles could significantly reduce the environmental bioburden. This review highlights in its first part all the conditions described in the literature to enhance copper antimicrobial activity. Secondly, the different antimicrobial applications of copper in water treatment, hospital care units and public applications are presented. Finally, the future research needs on copper as an antimicrobial agent are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Vincent
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | - Philippe Hartemann
- Université de Lorraine, DESP, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM EA 7298, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | - Marc Engels-Deutsch
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; Université de Lorraine, DESP, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM EA 7298, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France.
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38
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Reyes-Jara A, Cordero N, Aguirre J, Troncoso M, Figueroa G. Antibacterial Effect of Copper on Microorganisms Isolated from Bovine Mastitis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:626. [PMID: 27199953 PMCID: PMC4848319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of copper have been recognized for several years; applying these properties to the prevention of diseases such as bovine mastitis is a new area of research. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of copper on bacteria isolated from subclinical and clinical mastitis milk samples from two regions in Chile. A total of 327 microorganisms were recovered between March and September 2013, with different prevalence by sample origin (25 and 75% from the central and southern regions of Chile, respectively). In the central region, Escherichia coli and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) were the most frequently detected in clinical mastitis cases (33%), while in the southern region S. uberis, S. aureus, and CNS were detected with frequencies of 22, 21, and 18%, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility studies revealed that 34% of isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics and the resistance profile was different between bacterial species and origins of isolation of the bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of copper (MIC-Cu) was evaluated in all the isolates; results revealed that a concentration as low as 250 ppm copper was able to inhibit the great majority of microorganisms analyzed (65% of isolates). The remaining isolates showed a MIC-Cu between 375 and 700 ppm copper, and no growth was observed at 1000 ppm. A linear relationship was found between the logarithm of viable bacteria number and time of contact with copper. With the application of the same concentration of copper (250 ppm), CNS showed the highest tolerance to copper, followed by S. uberis and S. aureus; the least resistant was E. coli. Based on these in vitro results, copper preparations could represent a good alternative to dipping solutions, aimed at preventing the presence and multiplication of potentially pathogenic microorganisms involved in bovine mastitis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Reyes-Jara
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutricion y Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ninoska Cordero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutricion y Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutricion y Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Departamento de Nutricion, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutricion y Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutricion y Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Ahire JJ, Hattingh M, Neveling DP, Dicks LMT. Copper-Containing Anti-Biofilm Nanofiber Scaffolds as a Wound Dressing Material. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152755. [PMID: 27028292 PMCID: PMC4814046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper particles were incorporated into nanofibers during the electrospinning of poly-D,L-lactide (PDLLA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The ability of the nanofibers to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and Staphylococcus aureus (strain Xen 30) to form biofilms was tested. Nanofibers containing copper particles (Cu-F) were thinner (326 ± 149 nm in diameter), compared to nanofibers without copper (CF; 445 ± 93 nm in diameter). The crystalline structure of the copper particles in Cu-F was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Copper crystals were encapsulated, but also attached to the surface of Cu-F, as shown scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The copper particles had no effect on the thermal degradation and thermal behaviour of Cu-F, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). After 48 h in the presence of Cu-F, biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa PA01 and S. aureus Xen 30 was reduced by 41% and 50%, respectively. Reduction in biofilm formation was ascribed to copper released from the nanofibers. Copper-containing nanofibers may be incorporated into wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh J. Ahire
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa
| | - Melanie Hattingh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa
| | - Deon P. Neveling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa
| | - Leon M. T. Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa
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Glišić BĐ, Aleksic I, Comba P, Wadepohl H, Ilic-Tomic T, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Djuran MI. Copper(ii) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles as effective inhibitors of quorum sensing activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19902j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper(ii) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles are a new class of quorum sensing inhibitors that attenuate virulence without a pronounced effect on the bacterial growth, thus offering a lower risk for resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Đ. Glišić
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Ivana Aleksic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institüt and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing
- Heidelberg University
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institüt and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing
- Heidelberg University
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Tatjana Ilic-Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | | | - Miloš I. Djuran
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
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Michels HT, Keevil CW, Salgado CD, Schmidt MG. From Laboratory Research to a Clinical Trial: Copper Alloy Surfaces Kill Bacteria and Reduce Hospital-Acquired Infections. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2015; 9:64-79. [PMID: 26163568 PMCID: PMC4561453 DOI: 10.1177/1937586715592650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a translational science article that discusses copper alloys as antimicrobial environmental surfaces. Bacteria die when they come in contact with copper alloys in laboratory tests. Components made of copper alloys were also found to be efficacious in a clinical trial. BACKGROUND There are indications that bacteria found on frequently touched environmental surfaces play a role in infection transmission. METHODS In laboratory testing, copper alloy samples were inoculated with bacteria. In clinical trials, the amount of live bacteria on the surfaces of hospital components made of copper alloys, as well as those made from standard materials, was measured. Finally, infection rates were tracked in the hospital rooms with the copper components and compared to those found in the rooms containing the standard components. RESULTS Greater than a 99.9% reduction in live bacteria was realized in laboratory tests. In the clinical trials, an 83% reduction in bacteria was seen on the copper alloy components, when compared to the surfaces made from standard materials in the control rooms. Finally, the infection rates were found to be reduced by 58% in patient rooms with components made of copper, when compared to patients' rooms with components made of standard materials. CONCLUSIONS Bacteria die on copper alloy surfaces in both the laboratory and the hospital rooms. Infection rates were lowered in those hospital rooms containing copper components. Thus, based on the presented information, the placement of copper alloy components, in the built environment, may have the potential to reduce not only hospital-acquired infections but also patient treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C William Keevil
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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42
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Copper Reduction and Contact Killing of Bacteria by Iron Surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6399-403. [PMID: 26150470 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01725-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-established killing of bacteria by copper surfaces, also called contact killing, is currently believed to be a combined effect of bacterial contact with the copper surface and the dissolution of copper, resulting in lethal bacterial damage. Iron can similarly be released in ionic form from iron surfaces and would thus be expected to also exhibit contact killing, although essentially no contact killing is observed by iron surfaces. However, we show here that the exposure of bacteria to iron surfaces in the presence of copper ions results in efficient contact killing. The process involves reduction of Cu(2+) to Cu(+) by iron; Cu(+) has been shown to be considerably more toxic to cells than Cu(2+). The specific Cu(+) chelator, bicinchoninic acid, suppresses contact killing by chelating the Cu(+) ions. These findings underline the importance of Cu(+) ions in the contact killing process and infer that iron-based alloys containing copper could provide novel antimicrobial materials.
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43
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Survival of Escherichia coli cells on solid copper surfaces is increased by glutathione. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:7071-8. [PMID: 25192999 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02842-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are rapidly killed on solid copper surfaces, so this material could be useful to limit the spread of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria in hospitals. In Escherichia coli, the DNA-protecting Dps protein and the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase II Ndh were not involved in tolerance to copper ions or survival on solid copper surfaces. Decreased copper tolerance under anaerobic growth conditions in the presence of ascorbate and with melibiose as the carbon source indicated that sodium-dependent symport systems may provide an import route for Cu(I) into the cytoplasm. Glutathione-free ΔcopA ΔgshA double mutants of E. coli were more rapidly inactivated on solid copper surfaces than glutathione-containing wild-type cells. Therefore, while DNA protection by Dps was not required, glutathione was needed to protect the cytoplasm and the DNA against damage mediated by solid copper surfaces, which may explain the differences in the molecular mechanisms of killing between glutathione-containing Gram-negative and glutathione-free Gram-positive bacteria.
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44
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Antibacterial surface treatment for orthopaedic implants. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13849-80. [PMID: 25116685 PMCID: PMC4159828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is expected that the projected increased usage of implantable devices in medicine will result in a natural rise in the number of infections related to these cases. Some patients are unable to autonomously prevent formation of biofilm on implant surfaces. Suppression of the local peri-implant immune response is an important contributory factor. Substantial avascular scar tissue encountered during revision joint replacement surgery places these cases at an especially high risk of periprosthetic joint infection. A critical pathogenic event in the process of biofilm formation is bacterial adhesion. Prevention of biomaterial-associated infections should be concurrently focused on at least two targets: inhibition of biofilm formation and minimizing local immune response suppression. Current knowledge of antimicrobial surface treatments suitable for prevention of prosthetic joint infection is reviewed. Several surface treatment modalities have been proposed. Minimizing bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation inhibition, and bactericidal approaches are discussed. The ultimate anti-infective surface should be “smart” and responsive to even the lowest bacterial load. While research in this field is promising, there appears to be a great discrepancy between proposed and clinically implemented strategies, and there is urgent need for translational science focusing on this topic.
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45
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Inactivation of bacterial and viral biothreat agents on metallic copper surfaces. Biometals 2014; 27:1179-89. [PMID: 25100640 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years several studies in laboratory settings and in hospital environments have demonstrated that surfaces of massive metallic copper have intrinsic antibacterial and antiviral properties. Microbes are rapidly inactivated by a quick, sharp shock known as contact killing. The underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood; however, in this process the cytoplasmic membrane is severely damaged. Pathogenic bacterial and viral high-consequence species able to evade the host immune system are among the most serious lethal microbial challenges to human health. Here, we investigated contact-killing mediated by copper surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria (Brucella melitensis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Francisella tularensis tularensis and Yersinia pestis) and of Gram-positive endospore-forming Bacillus anthracis. Additionally, we also tested inactivation of monkeypox virus and vaccinia virus on copper. This group of pathogens comprises biothreat species (or their close relatives) classified by the Center for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) as microbial select agents posing severe threats to public health and having the potential to be deliberately released. All agents were rapidly inactivated on copper between 30 s and 5 min with the exception of B. anthracis endospores. For vegetative bacterial cells prolonged contact to metallic copper resulted in the destruction of cell structure.
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46
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Antibacterial properties of metal and metalloid ions in chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis therapy. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3795-810. [PMID: 24704700 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases like periodontitis and peri-implantitis have been linked with Gram-negative anaerobes. The incorporation of various chemotherapeutic agents, including metal ions, into several materials and devices has been extensively studied against periodontal bacteria, and materials doped with metal ions have been proposed for the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The aim of this review is to discuss the effectiveness of materials doped with metal and metalloid ions already used in the treatment of periodontal diseases, as well as the potential use of alternative materials that are currently available for other applications but have been proved to be cytotoxic to the specific periodontal pathogens. The sources of this review included English articles using Google Scholar™, ScienceDirect, Scopus and PubMed. Search terms included the combinations of the descriptors "disease", "ionic species" and "bacterium". Articles that discuss the biocidal properties of materials doped with metal and metalloid ions against the specific periodontal bacteria were included. The articles were independently extracted by two authors using predefined data fields. The evaluation of resources was based on the quality of the content and the relevance to the topic, which was evaluated by the ionic species and the bacteria used in the study, while the final application was not considered as relevant. The present review summarizes the extensive previous and current research efforts concerning the use of metal ions in periodontal diseases therapy, while it points out the challenges and opportunities lying ahead.
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47
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Cui Z, Ibrahim M, Yang C, Fang Y, Annam H, Li B, Wang Y, Xie GL, Sun G. Susceptibility of opportunistic Burkholderia glumae to copper surfaces following wet or dry surface contact. Molecules 2014; 19:9975-85. [PMID: 25010469 PMCID: PMC6271097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia glumae has been proposed to have a potential risk to vulnerable communities. In this work, we investigated the antibacterial activity and mechanism of copper surfaces against multi-drug resistant B. glumae from both patients and rice plants. The susceptibility of B. glumae to copper surfaces was noted by a significant decline in viable bacterial counts, relative to the slight reduction of stainless steel and polyvinylchloride, both of which were used as control surfaces. The mode of action of bacterial killing was determined by examing the mutagenicity, DNA damage, copper ions accumulation, and membrane damage in bacterial cells. The results indicated that the cells exposed to copper surfaces did not cause severe DNA lesions or increase the mutation frequencies, but resulted in a loss of cell membrane integrity within minutes. Furthermore, bacterial cells exposed to copper surfaces accumulated significantly higher amounts of copper compared to control surfaces. Overall, this study showed that metallic copper had strong antibacterial effect against B. glumae by causing DNA and membrane damage, cellular accumulation of copper, and cell death following DNA degradation, which could be utilized to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan; E-Mails: (M.I.); (H.A.)
| | - Chunlan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
| | - Yuan Fang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hussain Annam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan; E-Mails: (M.I.); (H.A.)
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
| | - Yanli Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Guan-Lin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
| | - Guochang Sun
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mail:
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Bédard E, Charron D, Lalancette C, Déziel E, Prévost M. Recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa culturability following copper- and chlorine-induced stress. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 356:226-34. [PMID: 24893953 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how quickly cells of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa recover culturability after exposure to two of the most common environmental stressors present in drinking water, free chlorine and copper ions. Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) P. aeruginosa undetected by direct culturing following exposure to free chlorine or copper ions can survive in drinking water systems, with potential to recover, multiply, and regain infectivity. Cells were exposed to copper sulfate (0.25 mg Cu(2+) L(-1) ) or free chlorine (initial dose of 2 mg Cl2 L(-1) ) for 24 h. Despite total loss of culturability and a reduction in viability from 1.2 × 10(7) to 4 × 10(3) cells mL(-1) (3.5 log), cells exposed to chlorine recovered viability quickly after the depletion of free chlorine, while culturability was recovered within 24 h. Copper ions did not depress viability, but reduced culturability from 3 × 10(7) to 2.3 × 10(2) cells mL(-1) (5.1 log); VBNC cells regained culturability immediately after copper ion chelation. A comparison between direct culturing and Pseudalert, a specific enzyme-based assay, was performed. Both detection methods were well correlated in the range of 10(2) -10(10) cells L(-1) . However, correlations between the methods declined after exposure to copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bédard
- Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
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Zeiger M, Solioz M, Edongué H, Arzt E, Schneider AS. Surface structure influences contact killing of bacteria by copper. Microbiologyopen 2014; 3:327-32. [PMID: 24740976 PMCID: PMC4082706 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper kills bacteria rapidly by a mechanism that is not yet fully resolved. The antibacterial property of copper has raised interest in its use in hospitals, in place of plastic or stainless steel. On the latter surfaces, bacteria can survive for days or even weeks. Copper surfaces could thus provide a powerful accessory measure to curb nosocomial infections. We here investigated the effect of the copper surface structure on the efficiency of contact killing of Escherichia coli, an aspect which so far has received very little attention. It was shown that electroplated copper surfaces killed bacteria more rapidly than either polished copper or native rolled copper. The release of ionic copper was also more rapid from electroplated copper compared to the other materials. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bacteria nudged into the grooves between the copper grains of deposited copper. The findings suggest that, in terms of contact killing, more efficient copper surfaces can be engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zeiger
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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50
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Hans M, Erbe A, Mathews S, Chen Y, Solioz M, Mücklich F. Role of copper oxides in contact killing of bacteria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:16160-6. [PMID: 24344971 DOI: 10.1021/la404091z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential of metallic copper as an intrinsically antibacterial material is gaining increasing attention in the face of growing antibiotics resistance of bacteria. However, the mechanism of the so-called "contact killing" of bacteria by copper surfaces is poorly understood and requires further investigation. In particular, the influences of bacteria-metal interaction, media composition, and copper surface chemistry on contact killing are not fully understood. In this study, copper oxide formation on copper during standard antimicrobial testing was measured in situ by spectroscopic ellipsometry. In parallel, contact killing under these conditions was assessed with bacteria in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or Tris-Cl. For comparison, defined Cu2O and CuO layers were thermally generated and characterized by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial properties of these copper oxides were tested under the conditions used above. Finally, copper ion release was recorded for both buffer systems by inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy, and exposed copper samples were analyzed for topographical surface alterations. It was found that there was a fairly even growth of CuO under wet plating conditions, reaching 4-10 nm in 300 min, but no measurable Cu2O was formed during this time. CuO was found to significantly inhibit contact killing, compared to pure copper. In contrast, thermally generated Cu2O was essentially as effective in contact killing as pure copper. Copper ion release from the different surfaces roughly correlated with their antibacterial efficacy and was highest for pure copper, followed by Cu2O and CuO. Tris-Cl induced a 10-50-fold faster copper ion release compared to PBS. Since the Cu2O that primarily forms on copper under ambient conditions is as active in contact killing as pure copper, antimicrobial objects will retain their antimicrobial properties even after oxide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hans
- Functional Materials, Saarland University , Saarbrücken, Germany
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