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Zhang L, Ke X, Liu S, You J, Wang X, Li N, Yin C, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Wang M, Zheng S. A longitudinal study on the effect of PM 2.5 components on blood pressure in the hypertensive patients from 2011 to 2019. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 285:117054. [PMID: 39305771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/17/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has established the link between PM2.5 exposure and blood pressure (BP) levels among normal individuals. However, the association between PM2.5 components and BP levels in hypertensive patients has not been fully explored. In this study, 12 971 hypertensive cases from Jinchang cohort (in Jinchang City, China) with nearly 9 years of follow-up were enrolled. Based on the linear mixed-effect model, the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and five major components [sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM)]on BP [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP)]were evaluated by single-component model, component-joint model and component-residual model, respectively. A positive correlation was found between PM2.5 as well as its components (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, BC and OM) exposure and BP levels. The effects of SO42-, BC and OM on BP were observed to be the most robust among the three models. Based on the results of interaction effects and stratified analysis, the effect of BC exposure on SBP, and the effect of PM2.5 and its five components on PP were greater in female than in males. Compared with elderly hypertensive patients, OM had more significant effects on SBP, DBP and MAP in young and (or) middle-aged hypertensive patients. During the heating season, the effect of PM2.5 and its components on BP was grater compared to the non-heating season. Meanwhile, PM2.5 and its components have a greater influence on BP in patients with hypertension combined with diabetes. Therefore, the findings suggested that both PM2.5 exposure and its components had a significant effect on BP in patients with hypertension. Women and young and middle-aged hypertensive patient were the sensitive population. The implementation of source control and reduction of PM2.5 emission (mainly for SO42-, BC and OM) may be of great significance to control BP level and could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ximeng Ke
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaodong Liu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinlong You
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Na Li
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang 737102, China
| | - Chun Yin
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang 737102, China
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- Gansu Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yana Bai
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Minzhen Wang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Shan Zheng
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Chen S, Liu D, Huang L, Guo C, Gao X, Xu Z, Yang Z, Chen Y, Li M, Yang J. Global associations between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 constituents and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134715. [PMID: 38838524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Existing studies on the most impactful component remain controversial, hindering the optimization of future air quality standards that concerns particle composition. We aimed to summarize the health risk associated with PM2.5 components and identify those components with the greatest health risk. We performed a meta-analysis to quantify the combined health effects of PM2.5 components, and used the meta-smoothing to produce the pooled concentration-response (C-R) curves. Out of 8954 initial articles, 80 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 198.08 million population. The pooled C-R curves demonstrated approximately J-shaped association between total mortality and exposure to BC, and NO3-, but U-shaped and inverted U-shaped relationship withSO42- and OC, respectively. In addition, this study found that exposure to various elements, including BC,SO42-NO3-, NH4+, Zn, Ni, and Si, were significantly associated with an increased risk of total mortality, with Ni presenting the largest estimate. And exposure to NO3-, Zn, and Si was positively associated with an increased risk of respiratory mortality, while exposure to BC, SO42-, and NO3- showed a positive association with risk of cardiovascular mortality. For health outcome of morbidity, BC was notably associated with a higher incidence of asthma, type 2 diabetes and stroke. Subgroup analysis revealed a higher susceptibility to PM2.5 components in Asia compared to Europe and North America, and females showed a higher vulnerability. Given the significant health effects of PM2.5 components, governments are advised to introduce them in regional monitoring and air quality control guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: PM2.5 is a complex mixture of chemical components from various sources, and each component has unique physicochemical properties and uncertain toxicity, posing significant threat to public health. This study systematically reviewed cohort studies on the association between long-term exposure to 13 PM2.5 components and the risk of morbidity and mortality. And we applied the meta-smoothing approach to establish the pooled concentration-response associations between PM2.5 components and mortality globally. Our findings will provide strong support for PM2.5 components monitoring and the improvement of air quality-related regulations. This will aid in helping to enhance health intervention strategies and mitigating public exposure to detrimental particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Cui Guo
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiaoke Gao
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Aghaei Y, Badami MM, Tohidi R, Subramanian PSG, Boffi R, Borgini A, De Marco C, Contiero P, Ruprecht AA, Verma V, Chatila T, Sioutas C. The Impact of Russia-Ukraine geopolitical conflict on the air quality and toxicological properties of ambient PM 2.5 in Milan, Italy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5996. [PMID: 38472234 PMCID: PMC10933473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine has disrupted Europe's natural gas supplies, driving up gas prices and leading to a shift towards biomass for residential heating during colder months. This study assessed the consequent air quality and toxicological impacts in Milan, Italy, focusing on fine particulate matter (PM2.5, dp < 2.5 μm) emissions. PM2.5 samples were analyzed for their chemical composition and assessed for their oxidative potential using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay across three periods reflecting residential heating deployment (RHD): pre-RHD, intra-RHD, and post-RHD periods. During the intra-RHD period, PM2.5 levels were significantly higher than those in other periods, with concentrations reaching 57.94 ± 7.57 μg/m3, indicating a deterioration in air quality. Moreover, levoglucosan was 9.2 times higher during the intra-RHD period compared to the pre-RHD period, correlating with elevated levels of elemental carbon (EC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These findings were compared with previous local studies before the conflict, underscoring a significant rise in biomass-related emissions. DTT assay levels during the intra-RHD were 2.1 times higher than those observed during the same period in 2022, strongly correlating with biomass burning emissions. Our findings highlight the necessity for policies to mitigate the indirect health effects of increased biomass burning emissions due to the energy crisis triggered by the geopolitical conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Aghaei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 S. Vermont Ave. KAP210, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Badami
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 S. Vermont Ave. KAP210, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ramin Tohidi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 S. Vermont Ave. KAP210, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - P S Ganesh Subramanian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Boffi
- Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Contiero
- Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ario Alberto Ruprecht
- Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
- International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), Arezzo, Italy
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Talal Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 S. Vermont Ave. KAP210, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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D'Oliveira A, Dominski FH, De Souza LC, Branco JHL, Matte DL, da Cruz WM, Andrade A. Impact of air pollution on the health of the older adults during physical activity and sedentary behavior: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116519. [PMID: 37392827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution, in addition to presenting health risks, can impact the practice of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in older adults. This study analyzed the impact of air pollution on the health of older adults during PA and SB, through a systematic review. METHODS A keyword and reference search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Predetermined selection criteria included study designs: interventions or experiments, retrospective or prospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies; population: older adults aged 60 years or older; exposures: specific air pollutants (particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (CN), ultrafine particles (PU), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and biomass fuels) indoors and outdoors; and outcomes: physical activity and/or sedentary behavior. RESULTS The beneficial effects of PA were attenuated or harmed in 11 studies, showing negative impacts on the health of the older adults, mainly by PM2.5 pollutants. On the other hand, in 10 studies the effects of PA were greater than the negative effects of air pollutants, with a greater frequency in relation to PM2.5. In general, even the articles presenting controversial results suggest that practicing PA in polluted environments is more favorable to the health of older adults than remaining in SB. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS On the one hand, air pollution negatively impacted the health of the older adults during PA practices, while on the other hand, PA can mitigate the negative effects of pollutants on the health of older adults during the practices. Evidence shows that practicing PA in environments with low concentrations of pollutants can provide gains and reduce health risks. Remaining in SB in environments with high levels of air pollution worsens the health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson D'Oliveira
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Hech Dominski
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil.
| | - Loiane Cristina De Souza
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Darlan Lauricio Matte
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Santa Catarina State University, 88080-350, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Whyllerton Mayron da Cruz
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Andrade
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil.
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Foldyna B, Mayrhofer T, Lu MT, Karády J, Kolossváry M, Ferencik M, Shah SH, Pagidipati NJ, Douglas PS, Hoffmann U. Prognostic value of CT-derived coronary artery disease characteristics varies by ASCVD risk: insights from the PROMISE trial. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:4657-4667. [PMID: 36719496 PMCID: PMC10765563 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the prognostic value of individual CT-derived coronary artery disease (CAD) characteristics across categories of clinical cardiovascular risk. METHODS The central core laboratory assessed coronary artery calcium (CAC), obstructive CAD (stenosis ≥ 50%), and high-risk plaque (HRP) in stable outpatients with suspected CAD enrolled in the PROMISE trial. Multivariable Cox regression models (endpoint: unstable angina, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or all-cause mortality; median follow-up: 2 years) were used to compare hazard ratios (HR) of the CT measures between low-borderline (< 7.5%) and moderate-high (≥ 7.5%) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk based on the pooled cohort equation. RESULTS Among 4356 included patients (aged 61 ± 8 years, 52% women), 67% had ASCVD risk ≥ 7.5%. Stratified by ASCVD risk, CAD ≥ 50% had nearly threefold greater HR in individuals with ASCVD < 7.5% (aHR, 6.85; 95% CI, 2.33-20.15; p < 0.001) vs. ASCVD ≥ 7.5% (aHR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.67-4.25, p < 0.001; interaction p = 0.041). CAC predicted events solely in ASCVD ≥ 7.5% patients (aHR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.63, p = 0.045; interaction p = 0.571), while HRP predicted events only in ASCVD < 7.5% (aHR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.09-8.85, p = 0.034; interaction p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Prognostic values of CT-derived CAD characteristics differ by ASCVD risk categories. While CAD ≥ 50% has the highest prognostic value regardless of ASCVD risk, CAC is prognostic in high and HRP in low ASCVD risk. These findings suggest that CAD ≥ 50% and HRP detection rather than CAC scoring may better risk-stratify symptomatic low-risk patients and thus potentially improve downstream care. KEY POINTS • Prognostic value of individual CT-derived CAD characteristics differs by categories of cardiovascular risk. • Presence of obstructive coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50% has the highest prognostic value regardless of cardiovascular risk. • Coronary artery calcium is independently prognostic in high and high-risk plaque features in low cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borek Foldyna
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Thomas Mayrhofer
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- School of Business Studies, Stralsund University of Applied Sciences, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Michael T Lu
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Júlia Karády
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Kolossváry
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Maros Ferencik
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Neha J Pagidipati
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pamela S Douglas
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Innovative Imaging Consulting LLC, 163 Longfellow Rd, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
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Bista S, Chatzidiakou L, Jones RL, Benmarhnia T, Postel-Vinay N, Chaix B. Associations of air pollution mixtures with ambulatory blood pressure: The MobiliSense sensor-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115720. [PMID: 36940820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is acknowledged as a determinant of blood pressure (BP), supporting the hypothesis that air pollution, via hypertension and other mechanisms, has detrimental effects on human health. Previous studies evaluating the associations between air pollution exposure and BP did not consider the effect that air pollutant mixtures may have on BP. We investigated the effect of exposure to single species or their synergistic effects as air pollution mixture on ambulatory BP. Using portable sensors, we measured personal concentrations of black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and particles with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 μm (PM2.5). We simultaneously collected ambulatory BP measurements (30-min intervals, N = 3319) of 221 participants over one day of their lives. Air pollution concentrations were averaged over 5 min to 1 h before each BP measurement, and inhaled doses were estimated across the same exposure windows using estimated ventilation rates. Fixed-effect linear models as well as quantile G-computation techniques were applied to associate air pollutants' individual and combined effects with BP, adjusting for potential confounders. In mixture models, a quartile increase in air pollutant concentrations (BC, NO2, NO, CO, and O3) in the previous 5 min was associated with a 1.92 mmHg (95% CI: 0.63, 3.20) higher systolic BP (SBP), while 30-min and 1-h exposures were not associated with SBP. However, the effects on diastolic BP (DBP) were inconsistent across exposure windows. Unlike concentration mixtures, inhalation mixtures in the previous 5 min to 1 h were associated with increased SBP. Out-of-home BC and O3 concentrations were more strongly associated with ambulatory BP outcomes than in-home concentrations. In contrast, only the in-home concentration of CO reduced DBP in stratified analyses. This study shows that exposure to a mixture of air pollutants (concentration and inhalation) was associated with elevated SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Bista
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Nemesis Team, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 Rue Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Lia Chatzidiakou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Roderic L Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive #0725, San Diego, CA, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | | | - Basile Chaix
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Nemesis Team, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 Rue Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France
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Liang X, Liang F, Liu F, Ren Y, Tong J, Feng W, Qu P, Luo S. The policy implemented by the government and the protection effect of PM2.5 decreasing on blood pressure in adolescents: From a quasi-experimental study. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04050. [PMID: 37232441 PMCID: PMC10214769 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) exposure levels posed a great risk to human health, but the protection effects of environmental protection on cardiovascular disease have not been systematically evaluated. This study aims to illustrate the effect of the decreased concentration of PM2.5 on blood pressure level in adolescents after enacting the protection measures of environment from a cohort study. METHODS A quasi-experimental study including 2415 children from the Chongqing Children's Health Cohort, aged 7.32 ± 0.60 years with normal blood pressure at baseline, with 53.94% males, were analysed. Both the generalised linear regression model (GLM) and Poisson regression model were used to calculate the impact of the declining exposure level of PM2.5 on blood pressure and the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension. RESULTS The annual mean PM2.5 concentration in 2014 and in 2019 were 65.01 ± 6.46 µgmes per cubic metre (μg / m3), 42.08 ± 2.04 μg / m3 respectively, and the decreased PM2.5 concentration between 2014 and 2019 was 22.92 ± 4.51 μg / m3. The effect of decreased PM2.5 concentration by 1μg / m3 on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the difference of blood pressure (BP) indexes between 2014 and 2019 were all significant (P < 0.001). The absolute differences of SBP (-3.598 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -4.47,-2.72 mm Hg), DBP (-2.052 mmHg; 95% CI = -2.80,-1.31 mm Hg) and MAP (-2.568 mmHg; 95% CI = -3.27,-1.87 mm Hg) in the group with a decreased level of ≥25.56 μg / m3 were more significant than those in a decreased concentration of PM2.5 for <25.56 μg / m3 (P < 0.001). And the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension for three occasions blood pressure diagnose was 2.21% (95% CI = 1.37%-3.05%, P = 0.001) in children with PM2.5 decreased level ≤25.56 μg / m3 (50%), which was significant higher than its' counterparts 0.89% (95% CI = 0.37%-1.42%, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study found the etiological relationship between the declining PM2.5 concentration and the BP values and the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension in children and adolescents, suggesting continuous environmental protection measures in China have achieved remarkable health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jishuang Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunqing Luo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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Nan N, Yan Z, Zhang Y, Chen R, Qin G, Sang N. Overview of PM 2.5 and health outcomes: Focusing on components, sources, and pollutant mixture co-exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 323:138181. [PMID: 36806809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 varies in source and composition over time and space as a complicated mixture. Consequently, the health effects caused by PM2.5 varies significantly over time and generally exhibit significant regional variations. According to numerous studies, a notable relationship exists between PM2.5 and the occurrence of many diseases, such as respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous system diseases, as well as cancer. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of PM2.5 on human health is critical. The toxic effects of various PM2.5 components, as well as the overall toxicity of PM2.5 are discussed in this review to provide a foundation for precise PM2.5 emission control. Furthermore, this review summarizes the synergistic effect of PM2.5 and other pollutants, which can be used to draft effective policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Nan
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100054, PR China; Beijing City University, Beijing, 11418, PR China.
| | - Guohua Qin
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
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Badeenezhad A, Parseh I, Veisi A, Rostami S, Ghelichi-Ghojogh M, Badfar G, Abbasi F. Short-term exposure to some heavy metals carried with PM 10 and cardiovascular system biomarkers during dust storm. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6146. [PMID: 37061544 PMCID: PMC10105359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term exposure to heavy metals (HM) extracted from PM10 on CB in workers' population in an outdoor space located in southern Iran during a dust storm. At first, 44 healthy and non-smoking workers were selected. Then PM10 and Blood samples were collected before and after the dust storm. Finally, HMs associated with PM10 measured by ICP-MS and its effect on the CB, including fibrinogen, CRP, TNF-α, and BP were estimated by ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Odd Ratio (OR) in SPSS23. Based on the results, the concentration of PM10 and extracted HM such as Cr, As, and Cd was higher than the WHO/EPA standards in dust storms they increased the CB and BP remarkably. Moreover, the level of fibrinogen, blood pressure (BP) and TNF-α in dust storms were higher than in normal conditions (p < 0.05, OR > 3). In addition, As and Cd decreased fibrinogen concentration and systolic BP, respectively. Whereas, TNF-α was associated with concentration of Pb (R = - 0.85) on normal days. Consequently, the HM on PM10 such as As, interferes with the level of investigated CB. These results considered a potential risk for the residents in the southern regions of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Badeenezhad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Iman Parseh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Ali Veisi
- Department of Physiology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Rostami
- Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Badfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fariba Abbasi
- Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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10
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Wen T, Liao D, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Margolis HG, Tinker LF, Stewart JD, Kong L, Yanosky JD. Short-term Air Pollution Levels and Blood Pressure in Older Women. Epidemiology 2023; 34:271-281. [PMID: 36722810 PMCID: PMC9891284 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of associations between daily variation in air pollution and blood pressure (BP) is varied and few prior longitudinal studies adjusted for calendar time. METHODS We studied 143,658 postmenopausal women 50 to 79 years of age from the Women's Health Initiative (1993-2005). We estimated daily atmospheric particulate matter (PM) (in three size fractions: PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations at participants' residential addresses using validated lognormal kriging models. We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the association between air pollution concentrations and repeated measures of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) adjusting for confounders and calendar time. RESULTS Short-term PM2.5 and NO2 were each positively associated with DBP {0.10 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04, 0.15]; 0.13 mmHg (95% CI: 0.09, 0.18), respectively} for interquartile range changes in lag 3-5 day PM2.5 and NO2. Short-term NO2 was negatively associated with SBP [-0.21 mmHg (95%CI: -0.30, -0.13)]. In two-pollutant models, the NO2-DBP association was slightly stronger, but for PM2.5 was attenuated to null, compared with single-pollutant models. Associations between short-term NO2 and DBP were more pronounced among those with higher body mass index, lower neighborhood socioeconomic position, and diabetes. When long-term (annual) and lag 3-5 day PM2.5 were in the same model, associations with long-term PM2.5 were stronger than for lag 3-5 day. CONCLUSIONS We observed that short-term PM2.5 and NO2 levels were associated with increased DBP, although two-pollutant model results suggest NO2 was more likely responsible for observed associations. Long-term PM2.5 effects were larger than short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wen
- From the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Duanping Liao
- From the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Helene G. Margolis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Lesley F. Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - James D. Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lan Kong
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Jeff D. Yanosky
- From the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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11
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Andrade A, D’Oliveira A, De Souza LC, Bastos ACRDF, Dominski FH, Stabile L, Buonanno G. Effects of Air Pollution on the Health of Older Adults during Physical Activities: Mapping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3506. [PMID: 36834200 PMCID: PMC9960154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants present environmental threats to health and have been investigated in different environments, such as highways, squares, parks, and gyms. These environments are frequented by older adults, who are considered fragile to the harmful impacts of pollution present in the air. The aim was to analyze the state of the art on the effects of air pollution on the health of older adults during physical activities (PAs) through a mapping review. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cinahl databases until June 2022. Of the 10,109 studies initially identified, 58 met the inclusion criteria. The most investigated health outcome was cardiovascular disease, followed by respiratory outcomes. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were the most investigated pollutants. Of the 75 health outcomes investigated, in 29, air pollution had harmful effects on the health of the older adults during the practice of PA, more frequently in cardiovascular diseases. In 25 outcomes, the beneficial effects of PA to the health of the older adults remained, despite exposure to high and low concentrations of pollutants, most often in terms of mental disorders. We conclude that poor air quality is a harmful factor for the health of older adults during the practice of PAs, more frequently in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. On the other hand, for mental-health-related outcomes (depression and cognition), in most studies, the beneficial effects of PA in older adults were maintained, even after exposure to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Andrade
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
| | - Anderson D’Oliveira
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
| | - Loiane Cristina De Souza
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Hech Dominski
- Department of Physical Education, Univille University, Joinville 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Luca Stabile
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
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12
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Bista S, Fancello G, Chaix B. Acute ambulatory blood pressure response to short-term black carbon exposure: The MobiliSense sensor-based study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157350. [PMID: 35870594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Documented relationships between black carbon (BC) exposure and blood pressure (BP) have been inconsistent. Very few studies measured both BC exposure and ambulatory BP across the multiple daily environments visited in the general population, and none adjusted for personal noise exposure, a major confounder. Our study addresses these gaps by considering 245 adults living in the Grand Paris region. Personal exposure to BC was monitored for 2 days using AE51 microaethalometers. Ambulatory BP was measured every 30 min after waking up using Arteriograph 24 monitors (n = 6772). Mixed effect models with a random intercept at the individual level and time-autocorrelation structure adjusted for personal noise exposure were used to evaluate the associations between BC exposure (averaged from 5 min to 1 h before each BP measurement) and BP. To increase the robustness of findings, we eliminated confounding by unmeasured time-invariant personal variables, by modelling the associations with fixed-effect models. All models were adjusted for potential confounders and short-term time trends. Results from mixed models show that a 1-μg/m3 increase in 5-minute averaged BC exposure was associated with an increase of 0.57 mmHg in ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) (95 % CI: 0.30, 0.83) and with an increase of 0.36 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (95 % CI: 0.14, 0.58). The slope of the exposure-response relationship gradually decreased for both SBP and DBP with the increase in the averaging period of BC exposure from 5 min to 1 h preceding each BP measurement. Findings from the fixed-effect models were consistent with these results. There was no effect modification by noise in the associations, across all exposure windows. We found evidence of a relationship between BC exposure and acute increase in ambulatory SBP and DBP after adjustment for personal noise exposure, with potential implications for the development of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Bista
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Nemesis team, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - Giovanna Fancello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Nemesis team, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Basile Chaix
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Nemesis team, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
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13
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Hu K, Keenan K, Hale JM, Liu Y, Kulu H. A longitudinal analysis of PM2.5 exposure and multimorbidity clusters and accumulation among adults aged 45-85 in China. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000520. [PMID: 36962462 PMCID: PMC10021527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While previous studies have emphasised the role of individual factors in understanding multimorbidity disparities, few have investigated contextual factors such as air pollution (AP). We first use cross-sectional latent class analysis (LCA) to assess the associations between PM2.5 exposure and multimorbidity disease clusters, and then estimate the associations between PM2.5 exposure and the development of multimorbidity longitudinally using growth curve modelling (GCM) among adults aged 45-85 in China. The results of LCA modelling suggest four latent classes representing three multimorbidity patterns (respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardio-metabolic) and one healthy pattern. The analysis shows that a 1 μg/m3 increase in cumulative exposure to PM2.5 is associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to respiratory, musculoskeletal or cardio-metabolic clusters: 2.4% (95% CI: 1.02, 1.03), 1.5% (95% CI: 1.01, 1.02) and 3.3% (95% CI: 1.03, 1.04), respectively. The GCM models show that there is a u-shaped association between PM2.5 exposure and multimorbidity, indicating that both lower and higher PM2.5 exposure is associated with increased multimorbidity levels. Higher multimorbidity in areas of low AP is explained by clustering of musculoskeletal diseases, whereas higher AP is associated with cardio-metabolic disease clusters. The study shows how multimorbidity clusters vary contextually and that PM2.5 exposure is more detrimental to health among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Population and Health Research Group, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Keenan
- Population and Health Research Group, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Mhairi Hale
- Population and Health Research Group, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hill Kulu
- Population and Health Research Group, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
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14
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Wang T, Han Y, Li H, Fang Y, Liang P, Wang Y, Chen X, Qiu X, Gong J, Li W, Zhu T. Fine particulate matter and vasoactive 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid: Insights into the mechanisms of the prohypertensive effects of particulate air pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151298. [PMID: 34749965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that biological intermediates play an important role in initiating fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-associated prohypertensive pathways, but sensitive biomarkers for this pathway are lacking. AIM To explore whether short-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with the concentration of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a potent vasoactive lipid relevant to the pathophysiology of hypertension. METHODS In this longitudinal panel study, we repeatedly (up to seven times) measured the blood concentrations of 20-HETE in 120 adults living in Beijing, China. Ambient exposure metrics included the concentrations of hourly PM2.5 mass and daily PM2.5 constituents, including three carbonaceous components, eight water-soluble ions, and 16 trace elements. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the associations between the change in the 20-HETE concentration and short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 metrics after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, behavioral exposure, socioeconomic characteristics, and meteorological factors. RESULTS The interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 7-15-hour-lag exposure to PM2.5 (80 μg/m3) was associated significantly with a 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-10.7%) to 6.5% (95% CI, 1.7-11.6%) increase in the blood concentration of 20-HETE. The magnitude of the association differed by age, sex, prediabetic status, obesity, and hypertensive status, with a significantly greater increase in 20-HETE observed among those with fasting plasma glucose concentrations ≥ 6.1 mmol/L. In addition to the PM2.5 mass, the 20-HETE concentration was associated consistently with IQR increases in the 1-day lag exposure to organic carbon (5.7%), black carbon (9.5%), nitrate (3.9%), chloride (2.9%), copper (5.5%), zinc (4.7%), barium (4.1%), and lead (6.2%). The organic carbon estimate was robust in the two-pollutant models. Furthermore, increased 20-HETE correlated with elevated blood pressure (BP), although no mediation of 20-HETE on PM2.5-associated BP change was found. CONCLUSIONS The 20-HETE blood concentration increased significantly in response to short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, which may be partly responsible for the prohypertensive effects of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Haonan Li
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Fang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; GRiC, Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiju Li
- Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Li H, Liu Q, Zou Z, Chen Q, Wang W, Baccarelli AA, Deng F, Guo X, Wu S. L-arginine supplementation to mitigate cardiovascular effects of walking outside in the context of traffic-related air pollution in participants with elevated blood pressure: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106631. [PMID: 34004448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) increases blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of L-arginine supplementation in mitigating the adverse cardiovascular effects of adults with elevated BP walking outside under TRAP using a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. 118 adults with elevated BP were recruited and were randomly assigned to either the placebo group or the intervention group with 9 g/day L-arginine supplementation for 2 weeks. On the 14th day, paired participants from the two groups walked along a traffic road for 2 h. Resting BP, L-arginine-nitric oxide metabolites and inflammatory biomarkers were measured before, during and after the 2 h exposure scenario, and ambulatory BP and Holter were measured during the 2 h outdoor walk. Participants in the intervention group had significantly elevated plasma L-arginine levels compared to the placebo group after supplementation. The two groups had similar exposures to traffic-related air pollutants. However, participants in the intervention group showed significant reductions of 5.3 mmHg (95% CI: -9.9, -0.7) in resting systolic BP (SBP), 4.3 mmHg (95% CI: -7.2, -1.3) in resting diastolic BP (DBP) and 4.6 mmHg (95% CI: -7.9, -1.3) in resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 30 min after the 2 h outdoor walk compared with the placebo group. There were also significant decreases in ambulatory SBP, DBP and MAP (7.5-9.9 mmHg, 5.3-7.6 mmHg and 4.7-7.9 mmHg, respectively) during the walk in the intervention group compared with the placebo group. There were no substantial changes in ST-segment level, L-arginine-NO metabolites and inflammatory biomarkers, and no significant associations were found between specific traffic-related air pollutants and cardiovascular health indicators. Specifically, our study shows that oral L-arginine supplementation was safe and well-tolerated, and could improve BP levels in adults with elevated BP during outside walk under TRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Han B, Zhao R, Zhang N, Xu J, Zhang L, Yang W, Geng C, Wang X, Bai Z, Vedal S. Acute cardiovascular effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure in healthy adults: A randomized, blinded, crossover intervention study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117583. [PMID: 34243086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may enhance the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the short-term effects of TRAP components on the cardiovascular system are not well understood. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, crossover intervention study in which 39 healthy university students spent 2 h next to a busy road. Participants wore a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) or an N95 mask. PAPRs were equipped with a filter for particulate matter (PM), a PM and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) filter or a sham filter. Participants were blinded to PAPR filter type and underwent randomized exposures four times, once for each intervention mode. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured before, during and for 6 h after the roadside exposure. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the effects of the interventions relative to baseline controlling for other covariates. All HRV measures increased during and following exposure for all intervention modes. Some HRV measures (SDNN and rMSSD during exposure and SDNN after exposure) were marginally affected by PM filtration. Wearing the N95 mask affected VLF power and rMSSD responses to traffic exposure differently than the PAPR interventions. Both systolic and diastolic BP increased slightly during exposure, but then were generally lower than baseline after exposure for the sham and filter interventions. HR, which fell during exposure and mostly remained lower than baseline after exposure, was lower yet with all filter interventions compared to the sham mode following exposure. Therefore, short-term exposure to traffic acutely affects HRV, BP and HR, but N95 mask and PAPR interventions generally show little efficacy in reducing these effects. Removing the PM component of TRAP has some limited effects on HRV responses to exposure but exaggerates the traffic-related decrease in HR. HRV findings from N95 mask interventions need to be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Ruojie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Sverre Vedal
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Oikonomou E, Lazaros G, Mystakidi VC, Papaioannou N, Theofilis P, Vogiatzi G, Chasikidis C, Fountoulakis P, Papakostantinou MA, Assimakopoulos MN, Barmparesos N, Tasios P, Kaski JC, Tousoulis D. The association of air pollutants exposure with subclinical inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2021; 342:108-114. [PMID: 34339768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a well-described environmental factor with evidence suggesting a firm association with cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of exposure to gaseous air pollutants on atherosclerosis burden. METHODS 1955 inhabitants of the Corinthia region, aged 40 years or older, underwent clinical and biochemical assessment as well as carotid ultrasonography to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque burden. Analyzers recording time series concentration of CO, NO2, and SO2 were located at 4 different open sites (Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4) based on their proximity to industries, highways or shipyards. RESULTS A higher concentration of CO, NO2, and SO2 was observed in Region 4 compared to the other regions. Mean cIMT (Region 1: 0.93 ± 0.24 mm; Region 2: 0.96 ± 0.40 mm; Region 3: 0.94 ± 0.39 mm; Region 4: 1.14 ± 0.55 mm, p < 0.001), maximum cIMT (p < 0.001) as well as carotid plaque burden (Region 1: 13.3%; Region 2: 18.8%; Region 3: 22.4%; Region 4: 38.6%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in individuals of Region 4. Inhabitants of Region 4 had also higher levels of C reactive protein (Region 1: 4.56 ± 4.85 mg/l; Region 2: 3.49 ± 4.46 mg/l; Region 3: 4.03 ± 3.32 mg/l, Region 4: 5.16 ± 8.26 mg/l, p < 0.001). Propensity score analysis revealed higher inter-area differences in mean cIMT of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) (high vs low air pollution area: 1.56 ± 0.80 mm; vs. 1.18 ± 0.54 mm, p < 0.001) while there was no difference in cIMT of the matched population without CAD (p = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS An increased carotid atherosclerotic and inflammatory burden is observed in inhabitants of areas with the highest concentration of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Lazaros
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chara Mystakidi
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papaioannou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Chasikidis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Argentina Papakostantinou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Barmparesos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tasios
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - Juan C Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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High blood pressure and exposure to dust from gold mine dumps among the elderly in South Africa: A cross-sectional study. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2021; 2:100146. [PMID: 36101610 PMCID: PMC9461320 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether high blood pressure was associated with living close to a mine dump among the elderly in South Africa. Study design This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the elderly in communities 1–2 km (exposed) and 5 km or more (unexposed), from five pre-selected mine dumps in Gauteng and North West provinces of South Africa. Methods Structured interviews were conducted with 2397 elderly, using a previously validated ATS-DLD-78 questionnaire from the British Medical Research Council. Results The prevalence of high blood pressure was 57.51% in the exposed and 46.66% in the unexposed communities, respectively. Results from the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that having high blood pressure was significantly associated with living in exposed communities (AOR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.41–3.83, P < 0.001). Other significant risk factors were being an previous and current tobacco smoker, age group, tertiary level of educational attainment, and having a history of occupational exposure to dust and chemical fumes. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that there are high levels of blood pressure among the elderly residing in communities located near mine dumps in South Africa.
There was a high prevalence of high blood pressure among the elderly living close to gold mine dumps in South Africa. There was a statistically significant association between community proximity to gold mine dumps and high blood pressure. Unrehabilitated mine dumps are a public threat.
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Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100264. [PMID: 34678960 PMCID: PMC8537750 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traffic is a significant pollution source in cities and has caused various health and environmental concerns worldwide. Therefore, an improved understanding of traffic impacts on particle concentrations and their components could help mitigate air pollution. In this study, the characteristics and sources of trace elements in PM2.5 (fine), and PM10-2.5 (coarse), were investigated in dense traffic areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada, from 2015–2017. At nearby urban background sites, 24-h integrated PM samples were also concurrently collected. The PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 masses, and a number of elements (i.e., Fe, Ba, Cu, Sb, Zn, Cr), showed clear increases at each near-road site, related to the traffic emissions resulting from resuspension and/or abrasion sources. The trace elements showed a clear partitioning trend between PM2.5 and PM10-2.5, thus reflecting the origin of some of these elements. The application of positive matrix factorization (PMF) to the combined fine and coarse metal data (86 total), with 24 observations at each site, was used to determine the contribution of different sources to the total metal concentrations in fine and coarse PM. Four major sources were identified by the PMF model, including two traffic non-exhaust (crustal/road dust, brake/tire wear) sources, along with regional and local industrial sources. Source apportionment indicated that the resuspended crustal/road dust factor was the dominant contributor to the total coarse-bound trace element (i.e., Fe, Ti, Ba, Cu, Zn, Sb, Cr) concentrations produced by vehicular exhaust and non-exhaust traffic-related processes that have been deposited onto the surface. The second non-exhaust factor related to brake/tire wear abrasion accounted for a considerable portion of the fine and coarse elemental (i.e., Ba, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sb) mass at both near-road sites. Regional and local industry contributed mostly to the fine elemental (i.e., S, As, Se, Cd, Pb) concentrations. Overall, the results show that non-exhaust traffic-related processes were major contributors to the various redox-active metal species (i.e., Fe, Cu) in both PM fractions. In addition, a substantial proportion of these metals in PM2.5 was water-soluble, which is an important contributor to the formation of reactive oxygen species and, thus, may lead to oxidative damage to cells in the human body. It appears that controlling traffic non-exhaust-related metals emissions, in the absence of significant point sources in the area, could have a pronounced effect on the redox activity of PM, with broad implications for the protection of public health.
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Hart JE, Hohensee C, Laden F, Holland I, Whitsel EA, Wellenius GA, Winkelmayer WC, Sarto GE, Warsinger Martin L, Manson JE, Greenland P, Kaufman J, Albert C, Perez MV. Long-Term Exposures to Air Pollution and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in the Women's Health Initiative Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:97007. [PMID: 34523977 PMCID: PMC8442602 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Short-term exposures to air pollution have been associated with AF triggering; less is known regarding associations between long-term air pollution exposures and AF incidence. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the association between long-term exposures to air pollution and distance to road on incidence of AF in a cohort of U.S. women. METHODS We assessed the association of high resolution spatiotemporal model predictions of long-term exposures to particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and distance to major roads with incidence of AF diagnosis, identified through Medicare linkage, among 83,117 women in the prospective Women's Health Initiative cohort, followed from enrollment in Medicare through December 2012, incidence of AF, or death. Using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, study component, body mass index, physical activity, menopausal hormone therapy, smoking, diet quality, alcohol consumption, educational attainment, and neighborhood socioeconomic status, we estimated the relative risk of incident AF in association with each pollutant. RESULTS A total of 16,348 incident AF cases were observed over 660,236 person-years of follow-up. Most exposure-response associations were nonlinear. NO 2 was associated with risk of AF in multivariable adjusted models [Hazard Ratio ( HR ) = 1.18 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 1.24, comparing the top to bottom quartile, p -for-trend = < 0.0001 ]. Women living closer to roadways were at higher risk of AF (e.g., HR = 1.07 ; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13 for living within 50 m of A3 roads, compared with ≥ 1,000 m , p -for-trend = 0.02 ), but we did not observe adverse associations with exposures to PM 10 , PM 2.5 , or SO 2 . There were adverse associations with PM 10 (top quartile HR = 1.10 ; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16, p -for-trend = < 0.0001 ) and PM 2.5 (top quartile HR = 1.09 ; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14, p -for-trend = 0.002 ) in sensitivity models adjusting for census region. DISCUSSION In this study of postmenopausal women, NO 2 and distance to road were consistently associated with higher risk of AF. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chancellor Hohensee
- Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Coordinating Center, Division of Public Health, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel Holland
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gloria E. Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- Division of Cardiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joel Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine Albert
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marco V. Perez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Stute NL, Stickford JL, Augenreich MA, Kimball KC, Cope JM, Bennett C, Grosicki GJ, Ratchford SM. Arterial stiffness and carotid distensibility following acute formaldehyde exposure in female adults. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:535-546. [PMID: 34396864 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211031692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a ubiquitous organic preservative used in several industries and represents an occupational health hazard. Short-term exposure to FA can increase oxidative stress and cause a decrease in conduit vessel function. These decrements in vascular function may extend to the arterial architecture, predisposing individuals to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of an acute 90-minute FA exposure period (259 ± 95 ppb) on indices of arterial architecture. Arterial stiffness and carotid distensibility as determined by central pressures, augmentation index (AIx), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) (n=13F, 24 ± 1 year) as well as carotid stiffness and intima media thickness (IMT) (n = 9F, 23 ± 1 year) were assessed prior to (Pre-FA) and immediately following (Post-FA) exposure to FA in human cadaver dissection laboratories. Central pressures and cfPWV (Pre-FA: 5.2 ± 0.8 m.s-1, Post-FA: 5.2 ± 1.1 m s-1) were unchanged by acute FA exposure (p > 0.05). Carotid stiffness parameters and distension were unchanged by acute FA exposure (p > 0.05), although distensibility (Pre-FA: 33.9 ± 10.5[10-3*kPa-1], Post-FA: 25.9 ± 5.5[10-3*kPa-1], p < 0.05), and IMT (Pre-FA: 0.42 ± 0.05 mm, Post-FA: 0.51 ± 0.11 mm, p < 0.05) decreased and increased, respectively. Individual Pre- to Post-FA changes in these markers of arterial architecture did not correlate with levels of FA exposure ([FA]: 20-473 ppb) (p > 0.05). Our group previously found vascular function decrements following acute FA exposure in human cadaver laboratories; here we found that carotid distensibility and intima media thickness are altered following FA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Stute
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, 1801Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Jonathon L Stickford
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, 1801Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Marc A Augenreich
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, 1801Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Kyle C Kimball
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, 1801Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Janet M Cope
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, 3202Elon UniversitySchool of Health Sciences, Elon, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia Bennett
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, 3202Elon UniversitySchool of Health Sciences, Elon, NC, USA
| | - Gregory J Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Stephen M Ratchford
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, 1801Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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Slawsky E, Ward-Caviness CK, Neas L, Devlin RB, Cascio WE, Russell AG, Huang R, Kraus WE, Hauser E, Diaz-Sanchez D, Weaver AM. Evaluation of PM 2.5 air pollution sources and cardiovascular health. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e157. [PMID: 34131618 PMCID: PMC8196100 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term air pollution exposure, notably fine particulate matter, is a global contributor to morbidity and mortality and a known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarctions (MI). Knowledge of impacts related to source-apportioned PM2.5 is limited. New modeling methods allow researchers to estimate source-specific long-term impacts on the prevalence of CAD and MI. The Catheterization Genetics (CATHGEN) cohort consists of patients who underwent a cardiac catheterization at Duke University Medical Center between 2002 and 2010. Severity of coronary blockage was determined by coronary angiography and converted into a binary indicator of clinical CAD. History of MI was extracted from medical records. Annual averages of source specific PM2.5 were estimated using an improved gas-constrained source apportionment model for North Carolina from 2002 to 2010. We tested six sources of PM2.5 mass for associations with CAD and MI using mixed effects multivariable logistic regression with a random intercept for county and multiple adjustments. PM2.5 fractions of ammonium bisulfate and ammonium nitrate were associated with increased prevalence of CAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.22 and OR 1.18; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.32, respectively). PM2.5 from ammonium bisulfate and ammonium nitrate were also associated with increased prevalence of MI (OR 1.20; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.29 and OR 1.35; 95% CI = 1.20, 1.53, respectively). Greater PM2.5 concentrations of ammonium bisulfate and ammonium nitrate are associated with greater MI and CAD prevalence. The association with bisulfate suggests aerosol acidity may play a role. Our findings suggest analyses of source specific PM2.5 mass can reveal novel associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Slawsky
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Lucas Neas
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert B. Devlin
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wayne E. Cascio
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Ran Huang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anne M. Weaver
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, Durham, North Carolina
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Guo P, He Z, Jalaludin B, Knibbs LD, Leskinen A, Roponen M, Komppula M, Jalava P, Hu L, Chen G, Zeng X, Yang B, Dong G. Short-Term Effects of Particle Size and Constituents on Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Adults in Guangzhou, China. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019063. [PMID: 33942624 PMCID: PMC8200702 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Although several studies have focused on the associations between particle size and constituents and blood pressure, results have been inconsistent. Methods and Results We conducted a panel study, between December 2017 and January 2018, in 88 healthy university students in Guangzhou, China. Weekly systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured for each participant for 5 consecutive weeks, resulting in a total of 440 visits. Mass concentrations of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), ≤1.0 µm (PM1.0), ≤0.5 µm (PM0.5), ≤0.2 µm (PM0.2), and number concentrations of airborne particulates of diameter ≤0.1 μm were measured. Linear mixed-effect models were used to estimate the associations between blood pressure and particles and PM2.5 constituents 0 to 48 hours before blood pressure measurement. PM of all the fractions in the 0.2- to 2.5-μm range were positively associated with systolic blood pressure in the first 24 hours, with the percent changes of effect estimates ranging from 3.5% to 8.8% for an interquartile range increment of PM. PM0.2 was also positively associated with diastolic blood pressure, with an increase of 5.9% (95% CI, 1.0%-11.0%) for an interquartile range increment (5.8 μg/m3) at lag 0 to 24 hours. For PM2.5 constituents, we found positive associations between chloride and diastolic blood pressure (1.7% [95% CI, 0.1%-3.3%]), and negative associations between vanadium and diastolic blood pressure (-1.6% [95% CI, -3.0% to -0.1%]). Conclusions Both particle size and constituent exposure are significantly associated with blood pressure in the first 24 hours following exposure in healthy Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Yue Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk AssessmentDepartment of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Zhou He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk AssessmentDepartment of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Centre for Air Quality and Health Research and EvaluationGlebeAustralia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medial ResearchUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Luke D. Knibbs
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ari Leskinen
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteKuopioFinland
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | | | - Pasi Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Li‐Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk AssessmentDepartment of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk AssessmentDepartment of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk AssessmentDepartment of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bo‐Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk AssessmentDepartment of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guang‐Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk AssessmentDepartment of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air in urban areas is usually contaminated with particle matter. High concentrations lead to a rise in the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Some studies have reported that ultrafine particles (UFP) play a greater role in cardiovascular diseases than other particle matter, particularly regarding hypertensive crises and DBP, although in the latter such effects were described concerning clinical blood pressure (BP). In this study, we evaluate the relationship between 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and atmospheric UFP concentrations in Barcelona. METHODS An observational study of individual patients' temporal and geographical characteristics attended in Primary Care Centres and Hypertensive Units during 2009-2014 was performed. RESULTS The participants were 521 hypertensive patients, mean age 56.8 years (SD 14.5), 52.4% were women. Mean BMI was 28.0 kg/m and the most prominent cardiovascular risk factors were diabetes (N = 66, 12.7%) and smoking (N = 79, 15.2%). We describe UFP effects at short-term and up to 1 week (from lag 0 to 7). For every 10 000 particle/cm UFP increase measured at an urban background site, a corresponding statistically significant increase of 2.7 mmHg [95% confidence interval = (0.5-4.8)] in 24-h DBP with ABPM for the following day was observed (lag 1). CONCLUSION We have observed that a rise in UFP concentrations during the day prior to ABPM is significantly associated with an increase in 24 h and diurnal DBP. It has been increasingly demonstrated that UFP play a key role in cardiovascular risk factors and, as we have demonstrated, in good BP control.
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Tian M, Zhao J, Mi X, Wang K, Kong D, Mao H, Wang T. Progress in research on effect of PM
2.5
on occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:668-682. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Xingyan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Ting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
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Xiao Q, Song Y, Chu H, Tang M, Jiang J, Meng Q, Hao W, Wei X. 1,4NQ-BC enhances the lung inflammation by mediating the secretion of IL-33 which derived from macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114729. [PMID: 32563138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and vegetation. The compelling evidence has demonstrated that it has a close relationship with several respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. BC provides the reactive sites and surfaces to absorb various chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Naphthoquinone is a typical PAHs which was found in particulate matter (PM) and 1,4NQ-BC owned high oxidative potential and cytotoxicity. IL-33 is an alarmin which increases innate immunity through Th2 responses. It was reported that IL-33 was a potent inducer of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6. In our previous study, it was revealed that 1,4NQ-BC instilled intratracheally to mice could trigger the lung inflammation and stimulate the secretion of IL-33 in lung tissue. We found that IL-33 could induce inflammation in lung itself. When the macrophages were eliminated, the secretion of IL-33 was reduced and the pathological damage in the lung was relieved after exposure to 1,4NQ-BC. Both MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal pathways were involved in the process of IL-33 secretion and the lung inflammation induced by 1,4NQ-BC. The findings herein support the notion that after exposure to 1,4NQ-BC, the increased secretion of IL-33 was mainly derived from macrophages through both MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yiming Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Tang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Chen RY, Ho KF, Chang TY, Hong GB, Liu CW, Chuang KJ. In-vehicle carbon dioxide and adverse effects: An air filtration-based intervention study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138047. [PMID: 32217390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drowsiness is considered a potential risk for traffic accidents. Exposure to high carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in vehicles may result in unpleasant feeling, fatigue, drowsiness or lethargy among drivers and passengers. However, little is known about whether reducing CO2 levels in vehicles by air filtration can relieve adverse effects among human subjects during driving. We recruited a panel of 84 healthy participants to drive a vehicle equipped with a CO2 filtration system for 1 h on a coastal road in a Northern Taiwan rural area. The operation modes of the CO2 filtration system, including fresh air from open windows without a CO2 filtration system (Control-mode), fresh air from an air conditioning (AC) system with closed windows and a false CO2 filtration system in operation (Off-mode) or a true CO2 filtration system in operation (On-mode), were examined. The repeated measurements of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), CO2, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and a simple question about drowsiness were obtained for each participant in three different modes. We found that decreased HR, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and increased drowsiness were associated with increased levels of in-vehicle CO2. The effects of in-vehicle CO2 on adverse effects were highest in the Off-mode during driving. In the On-mode, the participants showed slight decreases in HR, SBP and DBP and slight increases in drowsiness. We concluded that the utilization of a CO2 filtration system can reduce in-vehicle CO2 levels and modify the effect of in-vehicle CO2 on HR, BP and drowsiness among human subjects during driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Yu Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gui-Bing Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Liu
- Department of Information Management, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Zalzal J, Alameddine I, El-Fadel M, Weichenthal S, Hatzopoulou M. Drivers of seasonal and annual air pollution exposure in a complex urban environment with multiple source contributions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:415. [PMID: 32500382 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution is a global health concern, but detailed exposure information is still limited for many parts of the world. In this study, high-resolution exposure surfaces were generated for annual and seasonal fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), and carbon monoxide (CO) for the Greater Beirut Area (GBA), Lebanon, an urban zone with a complex topography and multiple source contributions. Land use regression models (LUR) were calibrated and validated with monthly data collected from 58 locations between March 2017 and March 2018. The annual mean (±1 SD) concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and CO across the monitoring locations were 68.1 (±15.7) μg/m3, 83.5 (±19.5) μg/m3, and 2.48 (±1.12) ppm, respectively. The coefficients of determination for LUR models ranged from 56 to 67% for PM2.5, 44 to 63% for the PM10 models, and 50 to 60% for the CO. LUR model structures varied significantly by season for both PM2.5 and PM10 but not for CO. Traffic emissions were consistently the main source of CO emissions throughout the year. The relative importance of industrial emissions and power generation sources towards predicted PM levels increased during the hot season while the contribution of the international airport diminished. Moreover, the complex topography of the study area along with the seasonal changes in the predominant wind directions affected the spatial predicted concentrations of all three pollutants. Overall, the predicted exposure surfaces were able to conserve the inter-pollution correlations determined from the field monitoring campaign, with the exception of the cold season. Our pollution surfaces suggest that the entire population of Beirut is regularly exposed to concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality standards for both PM2.5 and PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Zalzal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Alameddine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mutasem El-Fadel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yin M, Liu C. Estimation of Mean Variation in Prediction Probability for Prevalence of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Using Probit Model. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 32:194-200. [PMID: 32468828 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520923949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study are to estimate the mean change in the predicted probability and identify the most important predictors of diagnosed, measured, total, and undiagnosed hypertension among aged 45+ adults in China. We used data collected from the fourth wave (2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (n = 12 236). First, we estimated the prevalence of diagnosed, measured, total, and undiagnosed hypertension. Second, we used probit models to identify the factors that were associated with hypertension, and we estimated average marginal effects of variables in probit models. Among Chinese people aged 45+, the prevalence of diagnosed, measured, total, and undiagnosed hypertension were 23.1%, 32.7%, 42.6%, and 19.5%, respectively. The probability of total hypertension is higher for overweight and obesity than normal body mass index (10.4% and 19.3%, respectively), higher for past smokers and current smokers than nonsmokers (5.9% and 3.8%, respectively), higher for urban population than rural population (4.0%), and lower for married individuals than unmarried/single (-7.1%). Our results suggest that continued strengthening for smoking prevention is needed to reduce smoking-related hypertension and greater focus on prevention of hypertension are necessary for overweight or obesity and in urban areas among middle-aged and older adults in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Yin
- Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Caiping Liu
- Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yongzhong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael Bick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Lim YH, Kim W, Choi Y, Kim HC, Na G, Kim HR, Hong YC. Effects of Particulate Respirator Use on Cardiopulmonary Function in Elderly Women: a Quasi-Experimental Study. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e64. [PMID: 32174063 PMCID: PMC7073315 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual particulate respirator use may offer protection against exposure to particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). Among elderly Korean women, we explored individual particulate respirator use and cardiopulmonary function. METHODS Recruited in Seoul, Korea, 21 elderly, non-smoking women wore particulate respirators for six consecutive days (exlcuding time spent eating, sleeping, and bathing). We measured resting blood pressure before, during, and after respirator use and recorded systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure, and lung function. We also measured 12-hour ambulatory blood pressure at the end of the 6-day long experiment and control periods. Additionally, we examined physiological stress (heart rate variability and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) while wearing the particulate respirators. Person- and exposure-level covariates were also considered in the model. RESULTS After the 6-day period of respirator use, resting blood pressure was reduced by 5.3 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (P = 0.013), 2.9 mmHg for mean arterial blood pressure (P = 0.079), and 3.6 mmHg for pulse pressure (P = 0.024). However, particulate respirator use was associated with changes in physiological stress markers. A parasympathetic activity marker (high frequency) significantly decreased by 24.0% (P = 0.029), whereas a sympathetic activity marker (ratio of low-to-high frequency) increased by 50.3% (P = 0.045). An oxidative stress marker, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, increased by 3.4 ng/mg creatinine (P = 0.021) during the experimental period compared with that during the control period. Lung function indices indicated that wearing particulate respirators was protective; however, statistical significance was not confirmed. CONCLUSION Individual particulate respirator use may prevent PM2.5-induced blood-pressure elevation among elderly Korean women. However, the effects of particulate respirator use, including physiological stress marker elevation, should also be considered. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0003526.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woosung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumi Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Geunjoo Na
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung Ryoul Kim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Simon MC, Naumova EN, Levy JI, Brugge D, Durant JL. Ultrafine Particle Number Concentration Model for Estimating Retrospective and Prospective Long-Term Ambient Exposures in Urban Neighborhoods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1677-1686. [PMID: 31934748 PMCID: PMC8374642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP; <100 nm in diameter), which are present at high concentrations near busy roadways, is associated with markers of cardiovascular and respiratory disease risk. To date, few long-term studies (months to years) have been conducted due to the challenges of long-term exposure assignment. To address this, we modified hybrid land-use regression models of particle number concentrations (PNCs; a proxy for UFP) for two study areas in Boston (MA) by replacing the measured PNC term with an hourly model and adjusting for overprediction. The hourly PNC models used covariates for meteorology, traffic, and sulfur dioxide concentrations (a marker of secondary particle formation). We compared model performance against long-term PNC data collected continuously from 9 years before and up to 3 years after the model-development period. Model predictions captured the major temporal variations in the data and model performance remained relatively stable retrospectively and prospectively. The Pearson correlation of modeled versus measured hourly log-transformed PNC at a long-term monitoring site for 9 years prior was 0.74. Our results demonstrate that highly resolved spatial-temporal PNC models are capable of estimating ambient concentrations retrospectively and prospectively with generally good accuracy, giving us confidence in using these models in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Simon
- Department of Environmental Health , Boston University School of Public Health , 715 Albany Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02118 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Tufts University , 200 College Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Elena N Naumova
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Tufts University , 200 College Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy , Tufts University , 150 Harrison Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02111 , United States
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health , Boston University School of Public Health , 715 Albany Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02118 , United States
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Tufts University , 200 College Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine , Tufts University , 136 Harrison Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02111 , United States
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care , University of Connecticut , 195 Farmington Avenue , Farmington , Connecticut 06032 , United States
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Tufts University , 200 College Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) has been proposed as a possible pathophysiological mechanism linking exposure to ambient air pollution and the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In this study, we investigated the hourly relationship between ambient air pollutants and BP. BP measurements were extracted from the electronic health record database of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from February 2015 to June 2017. A total of 98,577 individual BP measurements were matched to the hourly levels of air pollutants. A generalized additive model was constructed for hour lags of 0–8 of air pollutants adjusting for age, sex, meteorological variables, and time trend. Systolic BP was shown to be significantly lower at 2–4 hours and 3–5 hours after increased levels of SO2 and CO, respectively (0.24 mmHg and 0.26 mmHg for an interquartile range, respectively). In contrast, O3 and NO2 were associated with significantly increased systolic BP at 3–5 lag hours and at 0–2 lag hours, respectively. BP elevation in association with O3 and NO2 was shown to be significantly greater in hypertensive patients than normotensive subjects. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to air pollution may be associated with elevated BP.
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Immunomodulation of carcinogens-induced steroids-dependent human diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:244-251. [PMID: 31485161 PMCID: PMC6717089 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental and clinical data about antibodies against environmental chemical carcinogens and endogenous steroids are represented. The conception of immunomodulation of carcinogens- and steroids-dependent human diseases is proposed. It is postulated that antibodies to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines in cooperation with antibodies to cholesterol, sex hormones, mineralo- and glucocorticoids stimulate or inhibit cancer, malformation, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases depending on their personal combination. It is recommended to use immunoassay of these antibodies for the human diseases prediction. The alternative approaches for prevention using the probiotics transformed by anti-carcinogen antibodies are substantiated.
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Key Words
- Abs, antibodies
- Antibody formation
- BC, breast cancer
- BCP, breast cancer patients
- Benzo[a]pyrene
- Bp, benzo[a]pyrene
- CYP, cytochrome P-450
- Cg, chemical carcinogens
- Cholesterol
- ER+, estrogen receptors positive
- ER, estrogen receptors
- ER−, estrogen receptors negative
- Es, estradiol
- Estradiol
- HW, healthy women
- LC, lung cancer
- LCP, lung cancer patients
- MW, women with malformation
- PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PE, phytoestrogens
- PR+, progesterone receptors positive
- PR, progesterone receptors
- PR−, progesterone receptors negative
- Pg, progesterone
- Prediction
- Prevention
- Progesterone
- S, steroids
- cAhR, cytoplasmic
- mAhR, membrane aril hydrocarbon receptors
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35
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Jhun I, Kim J, Cho B, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Zanobetti A, Rice MB, Mittleman MA, Garshick E, Vokonas P, Bind MA, Wilker EH, Dominici F, Suh H, Koutrakis P. Synthesis of Harvard Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Center studies on traffic-related particulate pollution and cardiovascular outcomes in the Greater Boston Area. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:900-917. [PMID: 30888266 PMCID: PMC6650311 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1596994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The association between particulate pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well established. While the cardiovascular effects of nationally regulated criteria pollutants (e.g., fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide) have been well documented, there are fewer studies on particulate pollutants that are more specific for traffic, such as black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN). In this paper, we synthesized studies conducted in the Greater Boston Area on cardiovascular health effects of traffic exposure, specifically defined by BC or PN exposure or proximity to major roadways. Large cohort studies demonstrate that exposure to traffic-related particles adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic cytokine-mediated inflammation and pro-thrombotic activity, and elevate the risk of hypertension and ischemic stroke. Key patterns emerged when directly comparing studies with overlapping exposure metrics and population cohorts. Most notably, cardiovascular risk estimates of PN and BC exposures were larger in magnitude or more often statistically significant compared to those of PM2.5 exposures. Across multiple exposure metrics (e.g., short-term vs. long-term; observed vs. modeled) and different population cohorts (e.g., elderly, individuals with co-morbidities, young healthy individuals), there is compelling evidence that BC and PN represent traffic-related particles that are especially harmful to cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to validate these findings in other geographic locations, characterize exposure errors associated with using monitored and modeled traffic pollutant levels, and elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of traffic-related particulate pollutants. Implications: Traffic emissions are an important source of particles harmful to cardiovascular health. Traffic-related particles, specifically BC and PN, adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic inflammation and thrombotic activity, elevate BP, and increase the risk of ischemic stroke. There is evidence that BC and PN are associated with greater cardiovascular risk compared to PM2.5. Further research is needed to elucidate other health effects of traffic-related particles and assess the feasibility of regulating BC and PN or their regional and local sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iny Jhun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mary B. Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Murray A. Mittleman
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-Abele Bind
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Science Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elissa H. Wilker
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Helen Suh
- Tufts University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Medford, MA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Short-Term Effects of Carbonaceous Components in PM 2.5 on Pulmonary Function: A Panel Study of 37 Chinese Healthy Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132259. [PMID: 31248029 PMCID: PMC6651261 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the health effects of indoor/outdoor carbonaceous compositions in PM2.5 on pulmonary function among healthy students living in the local university campus. METHODS Daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were measured among 37 healthy students in the morning and evening for four two-week periods. Concurrent concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5μm), carbonaceous components in PM2.5, ambient temperature, and relative humidity in the study area were also obtained. Mixed-effects model was applied to evaluate the associations between carbonaceous components and lung function. Different lags for the carbonaceous components were investigated. RESULTS In single-pollutant model, a 10 μg/m3 increase of indoor and outdoor EC (elemental carbon) associated with -3.93 (95%CI: -6.89, -0.97) L/min and -3.21 (95%CI: -5.67, -0.75) L/min change in evening PEF at lag 0 day, respectively. Also, a 10 μg/m3 increase of indoor and outdoor POC (primary organic carbon) concentration was significantly associated with -5.82 (95%CI: -10.82, -0.81) L/min and -7.32 (95%CI: -12.93, -1.71) L/min change of evening PEF at lag 0 day. After adjusting total mass of PM2.5, indoor EC consistently had a significant adverse impact on evening PEF and FEV1 at lag3 day and a cumulative effect at lag0-3 day. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that carbonaceous components in PM2.5 indeed have impacts on pulmonary function among healthy young adults especially on evening PEF. Thus, the local mitigation strategies on pollution are needed.
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Zalzal J, Alameddine I, El Khoury C, Minet L, Shekarrizfard M, Weichenthal S, Hatzopoulou M. Assessing the transferability of landuse regression models for ultrafine particles across two Canadian cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:722-734. [PMID: 30703730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Land use regression (LUR) models have been increasingly used to predict intra-city variations in the concentrations of different air pollutants. However, limited research assessing the transferability of these models between cities has been published to date. In this study, LUR models were generated for Ultra-Fine Particles (UFP) (<0.1 um) using data collected from mobile monitoring campaigns in two Canadian cities, Montreal and Toronto. City-specific models were first generated for each city before the models were transferred to the second city with and without recalibration. The calibrated transferred models showed only a slight decrease in performance, with the coefficient of determination (R2), dropping from 0.49 to 0.36 for Toronto and from 0.41 to 0.38 for Montreal. Transferring models between cities with no calibration resulted in low R2; 0.11 in Toronto and 0.18 in Montreal. Moreover, two additional models were generated by combining data from the two cities. The first combined model (CM1) assumed a spatially invariant effect of the predictors, while the second (CM2) relaxed the assumption of spatial invariance for some of the model coefficients. The performance of both combined models (R2 ranged between 0.41 for CM1 and 0.43 for CM2; root mean squared error (RMSE) ranged between 0.34 for CM1 and 0.33 for CM2) was found to be on par with the Toronto city-specific model and outperformed the Montreal model. The results of this study highlight that the UFP LUR models appear to support transferability of model structures between cities with similar geographical characteristics, with a minor drop in model fit and predictive skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Zalzal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Alameddine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Celine El Khoury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Laura Minet
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Shekarrizfard
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Yang BY, Guo Y, Bloom MS, Xiao X, Qian ZM, Liu E, Howard SW, Zhao T, Wang SQ, Li S, Chen DH, Ma H, Yim SHL, Liu KK, Zeng XW, Hu LW, Liu RQ, Feng D, Yang M, Xu SL, Dong GH. Ambient PM 1 air pollution, blood pressure, and hypertension: Insights from the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:252-259. [PMID: 30597289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
No evidence exists concerning the association between blood pressure and ambient particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 µm (PM1), a major component of PM2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) particles, and potentially causing more hazardous health effects than PM2.5. We aimed to examine the associations of blood pressure in adults with both PM1 and PM2.5 in China. In 2009, we randomly selected 24,845 participants aged 18-74 years from 33 communities in China. Using a standardized mercuric-column sphygmomanometer, we measured blood pressure. Long-term exposure (2006-08) to PM1 and PM2.5 were estimated using a spatial statistical model. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the associations between air pollutants and blood pressure and hypertension prevalence, controlling for multiple covariates. A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM1 was significantly associated with an increase of 0.57 (95% CI 0.31-0.83) mmHg in systolic blood pressure (SBP), 0.19 (95% CI 0.03-0.35) mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and a 5% (OR=1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.10) increase in odds for hypertension. Similar associations were detected for PM2.5. Furthermore, PM1-2.5 showed no association with blood pressure or hypertension. In summary, both PM1 and PM2.5 exposures were associated with elevated blood pressure levels and hypertension prevalence in Chinese adults. In addition, most of the pro-hypertensive effects of PM2.5 may come from PM1. Further longitudinal designed studies are warranted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Echu Liu
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Steven W Howard
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, Member DZL, German Center for Lung Research, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Si-Quan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Havard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Duo-Hong Chen
- Department of Air Quality Forecasting and Early Warning, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Steve Hung-Lam Yim
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Kang-Kang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shu-Li Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Warburton DER, Bredin SSD, Shellington EM, Cole C, de Faye A, Harris J, Kim DD, Abelsohn A. A Systematic Review of the Short-Term Health Effects of Air Pollution in Persons Living with Coronary Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E274. [PMID: 30813506 PMCID: PMC6406357 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons living with chronic medical conditions (such as coronary artery disease (CAD)) are thought to be at increased risk when exposed to air pollution. This systematic review critically evaluated the short-term health effects of air pollution in persons living with CAD. Original research articles were retrieved systematically through searching electronic databases (e.g., Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE)), cross-referencing, and the authors' knowledge. From 2884 individual citations, 26 eligible articles were identified. The majority of the investigations (18 of 22 (82%)) revealed a negative relationship between air pollutants and cardiac function or overall health. Heart rate variability (HRV) was the primary cardiovascular outcome measure, with 10 out of 13 studies reporting at least one index of HRV being significantly affected by air pollutants. However, there was some inconsistency in the relationship between HRV and air pollutants, mediated (at least in part) by the confounding effects of beta-blocker medications. In conclusion, there is strong evidence that air pollution can have adverse effects on cardiovascular function in persons living with CAD. All persons living with CAD should be educated on how to monitor air quality, should recognize the potential risks of excessive exposure to air pollution, and be aware of strategies to mitigate these risks. Persons living with CAD should minimize their exposure to air pollution by limiting outdoor physical activity participation when the forecast air quality health index indicates increased air pollution (i.e., an increased risk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren E R Warburton
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Shannon S D Bredin
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Erin M Shellington
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Christie Cole
- Department of Heart Wise Exercise, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - Amanda de Faye
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Harris
- Department of Heart Wise Exercise, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - David D Kim
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Alan Abelsohn
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
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40
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Pacitto A, Amato F, Salmatonidis A, Moreno T, Alastuey A, Reche C, Buonanno G, Benito C, Querol X. Effectiveness of commercial face masks to reduce personal PM exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1582-1590. [PMID: 30308844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cycling and walking are promoted as means of transportation which can contribute to the reduction of traffic pollution in urban areas. However, cyclists and pedestrians may be exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants due to their proximity to vehicle emissions. Commercial face mask respirators are widely used, in both developing and developed countries, as an individual protective measure against particle pollution. However scientific data on the efficacy of face mask respirators in reducing airborne particle exposure is limited. In this study, a custom experimental set-up was developed in order to measure the effectiveness of nine different respirators under real environmental conditions in terms of particle mass concentration below 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particle number concentration (PNC), Lung Deposited Surface Area (LDSA) and Black Carbon concentration (BC). Face mask performances were assessed in a typical traffic affected urban background environment in the city of Barcelona under three different simulated breathing rates to investigate the influence of flow rate. Results showed a median face mask effectiveness for PM2.5 equal to 48% in a range of 14-96%, 19% in a range of 6%-61% for BC concentration, 19% in a range of 4%-63% for PNC and 22% in a range of 5%-65% for LDSA. For each pollutant under investigation, the best performance was found always with the same mask (N7) although it is not the most expensive (in a range of price of 1 to 44, its cost was 20 euros), which has a filter on the entire surface except for the 2 exhalation valves where air cannot enter but just exit and shows a good fit on the dummy head.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pacitto
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - F Amato
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Salmatonidis
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Moreno
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Buonanno
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Engineering, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy; Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - C Benito
- BACC, Bicicleta Club de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Modeling of CO Emissions from Traffic Vehicles Using Artificial Neural Networks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traffic emissions are considered one of the leading causes of environmental impact in megacities and their dangerous effects on human health. This paper presents a hybrid model based on data mining and GIS models designed to predict vehicular Carbon Monoxide (CO) emitted from traffic on the New Klang Valley Expressway, Malaysia. The hybrid model was developed based on the integration of GIS and the optimized Artificial Neural Network algorithm that combined with the Correlation based Feature Selection (CFS) algorithm to predict the daily vehicular CO emissions and generate prediction maps at a microscale level in a small urban area by using a field survey and open source data, which are the main contributions to this paper. The other contribution is related to the case study, which represents the spatial and quantitative variations in the vehicular CO emissions between toll plaza areas and road networks. The proposed hybrid model consists of three steps: the first step is the implementation of the correlation-based Feature Selection model to select the best model’s predictors; the second step is the prediction of vehicular CO by using a multilayer perceptron neural network model; and the third step is the creation of micro scale prediction maps. The model was developed using six traffic CO predictors: number of vehicles, number of heavy vehicles, number of motorbikes, temperature, wind speed and a digital surface model. The network architecture and its hyperparameters were optimized through a grid search approach. The traffic CO concentrations were observed at 15-min intervals on weekends and weekdays, four times per day. The results showed that the developed model had achieved validation accuracy of 80.6 %. Overall, the developed models are found to be promising tools for vehicular CO simulations in highly congested areas.
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Ran J, Qiu H, Sun S, Yang A, Tian L. Are ambient volatile organic compounds environmental stressors for heart failure? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1810-1816. [PMID: 30077408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have indicated the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution on heart failure (HF) risk. However, little data are available directly evaluating the association of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with HF risk. We aimed to estimate the short-term effects of ambient VOCs on HF emergency hospitalizations in Hong Kong and to evaluate whether the associations were modified by sex and age. METHODS We collected the daily VOCs concentrations from the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department between April 2011 to December 2014. HF emergency hospital admission data were obtained from the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong. Generalized additive model (GAM) integrated with the distributed lag model (DLM) was used to estimate the excess risks of HF emergency hospitalizations with ambient concentrations of each VOCs groups - alkane, alkene, alkyne, benzene and substituted benzene. RESULTS We observed short-term effects of alkyne and benzene on an increased risk of HF emergency hospitalizations. The cumulative effect over 0-6 lag days (dlm0-6) for an IQR increment of alkyne (1.17 ppb) was associated with 4.2% (95% CI: 1.18%-7.26%) increases of HF emergency hospitalizations, while the corresponding effect estimate over dlm0-2 for benzene per IQR (0.43 ppb) was 2.7% (95% CI: 0.39%-5.04%). Each VOCs groups was significantly associated with HF emergency hospitalizations in men. CONCLUSIONS Ambient volatile organic compounds, particularly alkyne and benzene, were associated with increased risks of heart failure in the Hong Kong population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Ran
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China.
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Fuller CH, O'Neill MS, Sarnat JA, Chang HH, Tucker KL, Brugge D. Short-and medium-term associations of particle number concentration with cardiovascular markers in a Puerto Rican cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:595-601. [PMID: 29982147 PMCID: PMC7694578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes; however, susceptibility may vary by population. Puerto Rican adults living in the US may be a susceptible group due to a high rate of adverse cardiovascular events. We evaluated the effect of changes in ambient particle number concentration (PNC, a measure of ultrafine particles) and effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS), a longitudinal cohort (n = 1499). Ambient PNC was measured at a fixed site between 2004 and 2013 and daily mean concentrations were used to construct PNC metrics, including lags of 0, 1 and 2 days and moving averages (MAs) of 3, 7 and 28 days. We examined the association of each metric with C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood pressure. Each model included subject-specific random intercepts to account for multiple measurements. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PNC was associated with CRP for all metrics, notably a 3-day increase in PNC was associated with a 7.1% (95% CI: 2.0%, 12.2%) increase in CRP. Significant associations with CRP were seen in women, but not men; with current and former (but not non-) smokers; participants younger (but not older) than 65 y; those without diabetes (but not with), and those with (but not without), hypertension. Our study extends knowledge about the health effects of air pollution to a vulnerable population that has been understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Fuller
- Georgia State University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA 30302-3995, United States.
| | - Marie S O'Neill
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Jeremy A Sarnat
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Howard H Chang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- University of Massachusetts Lowell College of Health Sciences, 3 Solomont Way, Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
| | - Doug Brugge
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States; Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, United States; Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life, 10 Upper Campus Road, Medford, MA 02155, United States.
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Vehicular CO Emission Prediction Using Support Vector Regression Model and GIS. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10103434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transportation infrastructures play a significant role in the economy as they provide accessibility services to people. Infrastructures such as highways, road networks, and toll plazas are rapidly growing based on changes in transportation modes, which consequently create congestions near toll plaza areas and intersections. These congestions exert negative impacts on human health and the environment because vehicular emissions are considered as the main source of air pollution in urban areas and can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this study, we developed a hybrid model based on the integration of three models, correlation-based feature selection (CFS), support vector regression (SVR), and GIS, to predict vehicular emissions at specific times and locations on roads at microscale levels in an urban areas of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The proposed model comprises three simulation steps: first, the selection of the best predictors based on CFS; second, the prediction of vehicular carbon monoxide (CO) emissions using SVR; and third, the spatial simulation based on maps by using GIS. The proposed model was developed with seven road traffic CO predictors selected via CFS (sum of vehicles, sum of heavy vehicles, heavy vehicle ratio, sum of motorbikes, temperature, wind speed, and elevation). Spatial prediction was conducted based on GIS modelling. The vehicular CO emissions were measured continuously at 15 min intervals (recording 15 min averages) during weekends and weekdays twice per day (daytime, evening-time). The model’s results achieved a validation accuracy of 80.6%, correlation coefficient of 0.9734, mean absolute error of 1.3172 ppm and root mean square error of 2.156 ppm. In addition, the most appropriate parameters of the prediction model were selected based on the CFS model. Overall, the proposed model is a promising tool for traffic CO assessment on roads.
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45
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Lim CC, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shao Y, Silverman DT, Jones RR, Garcia C, Thurston GD. Association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and diabetes mortality in the US. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:330-336. [PMID: 29778967 PMCID: PMC5999582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent mechanistic and epidemiological evidence implicates air pollution as a potential risk factor for diabetes; however, mortality risks have not been evaluated in a large US cohort assessing exposures to multiple pollutants with detailed consideration of personal risk factors for diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed the effects of long-term ambient air pollution exposures on diabetes mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a cohort of approximately a half million subjects across the contiguous U.S. The cohort, with a follow-up period between 1995 and 2011, was linked to residential census tract estimates for annual mean concentration levels of PM2.5, NO2, and O3. Associations between the air pollutants and the risk of diabetes mortality (N = 3598) were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for both individual-level and census-level contextual covariates. RESULTS Diabetes mortality was significantly associated with increasing levels of both PM2.5 (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03-1.39 per 10 μg/m3) and NO2 (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.18 per 10 ppb). The strength of the relationship was robust to alternate exposure assessments and model specifications. We also observed significant effect modification, with elevated mortality risks observed among those with higher BMI and lower levels of fruit consumption. CONCLUSIONS We found that long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2, but not O3, is related to increased risk of diabetes mortality in the U.S, with attenuation of adverse effects by lower BMI and higher fruit consumption, suggesting that air pollution is involved in the etiology and/or control of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C Lim
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | | | - George D Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
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Lim CC, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shao Y, Silverman DT, Jones RR, Garcia C, Thurston GD. Association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and diabetes mortality in the US. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018. [PMID: 29778967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.011.association] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent mechanistic and epidemiological evidence implicates air pollution as a potential risk factor for diabetes; however, mortality risks have not been evaluated in a large US cohort assessing exposures to multiple pollutants with detailed consideration of personal risk factors for diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed the effects of long-term ambient air pollution exposures on diabetes mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a cohort of approximately a half million subjects across the contiguous U.S. The cohort, with a follow-up period between 1995 and 2011, was linked to residential census tract estimates for annual mean concentration levels of PM2.5, NO2, and O3. Associations between the air pollutants and the risk of diabetes mortality (N = 3598) were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for both individual-level and census-level contextual covariates. RESULTS Diabetes mortality was significantly associated with increasing levels of both PM2.5 (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03-1.39 per 10 μg/m3) and NO2 (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.18 per 10 ppb). The strength of the relationship was robust to alternate exposure assessments and model specifications. We also observed significant effect modification, with elevated mortality risks observed among those with higher BMI and lower levels of fruit consumption. CONCLUSIONS We found that long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2, but not O3, is related to increased risk of diabetes mortality in the U.S, with attenuation of adverse effects by lower BMI and higher fruit consumption, suggesting that air pollution is involved in the etiology and/or control of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C Lim
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | | | - George D Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
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Mazidi M, Speakman JR. Impact of Obesity and Ozone on the Association Between Particulate Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Mortality Among US Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008006. [PMID: 29848499 PMCID: PMC6015356 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and stroke are the highest and third highest causes of death, respectively, in the whole United States. It is well established that both long‐ and short‐term exposure to particulate air pollution (particulate matter with diameters <2.5 μm [PM2.5]) increases the risks of both CVD and stroke mortality. Methods and Results We combined county‐level data for CVD and stroke mortality, and prevalence of hypertension and obesity, with spatial patterns of PM2.5 and ozone in a cross‐sectional ecological study. We found significant positive associations between both CVD (β=15.4, P<0.001) and stroke (β=2.7, P<0.001) mortality with PM2.5. Ozone had significant link with just CVD (β=1372.1, P<0.001). Once poverty, ethnicity, and education were taken into account, there were still significant positive associations between PM2.5 and both CVD (β=1.2, P<0.001) and stroke (β=1.1, P<0.001) mortality. Moreover, the association between CVD and ozone remained after adjustment for these factors (β=21.8, P<0.001). PM2.5 and ozone were independent risk factors. The impact of PM2.5 on CVD and stroke mortality was strongly dependent on the prevalence of obesity. Hypertension partially mediated the associations of PM2.5 and mortality from CVD and stroke. Conclusions There was a spatial association between PM2.5 exposure and the leading causes of death and disability in United States. The effect of PM2.5 was considerably greater in areas where obesity is more prevalent. Hypertension is a possible mediator of the association of PM2.5 and both CVD and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang Beijing, China .,Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Corlin L, Woodin M, Hart JE, Simon MC, Gute DM, Stowell J, Tucker KL, Durant JL, Brugge D. Longitudinal associations of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles with blood pressure and systemic inflammation in Puerto Rican adults. Environ Health 2018; 17:33. [PMID: 29622024 PMCID: PMC5887259 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few longitudinal studies have examined the association between ultrafine particulate matter (UFP, particles < 0.1 μm aerodynamic diameter) exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We used data from 791 adults participating in the longitudinal Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (Massachusetts, USA) between 2004 and 2015 to assess whether UFP exposure was associated with blood pressure and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP, a biomarker of systemic inflammation). METHODS Residential annual average UFP exposure (measured as particle number concentration, PNC) was assigned using a model accounting for spatial and temporal trends. We also adjusted PNC values for participants' inhalation rate to obtain the particle inhalation rate (PIR) as a secondary exposure measure. Multilevel linear models with a random intercept for each participant were used to examine the association of UFP with blood pressure and hsCRP. RESULTS Overall, in adjusted models, an inter-quartile range increase in PNC was associated with increased hsCRP (β = 6.8; 95% CI = - 0.3, 14.0%) but not with increased systolic blood pressure (β = 0.96; 95% CI = - 0.33, 2.25 mmHg), pulse pressure (β = 0.70; 95% CI = - 0.27, 1.67 mmHg), or diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.55; 95% CI = - 0.20, 1.30 mmHg). There were generally stronger positive associations among women and never smokers. Among men, there were inverse associations of PNC with systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. In contrast to the primary findings, an inter-quartile range increase in the PIR was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (β = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.00, 2.06 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (β = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.36, 1.66 mmHg), but not with pulse pressure or hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS We observed that exposure to PNC was associated with increases in measures of CVD risk markers, especially among certain sub-populations. The exploratory PIR exposure metric should be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corlin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Mark Woodin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155 USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Landmark 3rd Floor West, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark 3rd Floor West, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Matthew C. Simon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - David M. Gute
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155 USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Joanna Stowell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, 3 Solomont Way Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854 USA
| | - John L. Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155 USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA
- Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, 10 Upper Campus Rd, Medford, MA 02155 USA
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Yang BY, Qian Z, Howard SW, Vaughn MG, Fan SJ, Liu KK, Dong GH. Global association between ambient air pollution and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:576-588. [PMID: 29331891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have investigated the association of ambient air pollution with hypertension and blood pressure (BP), the results were inconsistent. We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of these studies. Seven international and Chinese databases were searched for studies examining the associations of particulate (diameter<2.5 μm (PM2.5), 2.5-10 μm (PM2.5-10) or >10 μm (PM10)) and gaseous (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO)) air pollutants with hypertension or BP. Odds ratios (OR), regression coefficients (β) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression analysis were also conducted. The overall meta-analysis showed significant associations of long-term exposures to PM2.5 with hypertension (OR = 1.05), and of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 with DBP (β values: 0.47-0.86 mmHg). In addition, short-term exposures to four (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2), two (PM2.5 and SO2), and four air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2), were significantly associated with hypertension (ORs: 1.05-1.10), SBP (β values: 0.53-0.75 mmHg) and DBP (β values: 0.15-0.64 mmHg), respectively. Stratified analyses showed a generally stronger relationship among studies of men, Asians, North Americans, and areas with higher air pollutant levels. In conclusion, our study indicates a positive association between ambient air pollution and increased BP and hypertension. Geographical and socio-demographic factors may modify the pro-hypertensive effects of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Steven W Howard
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Shu-Jun Fan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Kang-Kang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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50
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Estimating Acute Cardiorespiratory Effects of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds. Epidemiology 2018; 28:197-206. [PMID: 27984424 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health effects of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have received less attention in epidemiologic studies than other commonly measured ambient pollutants. In this study, we estimated acute cardiorespiratory effects of ambient VOCs in an urban population. METHODS Daily concentrations of 89 VOCs were measured at a centrally-located ambient monitoring site in Atlanta and daily counts of emergency department visits for cardiovascular diseases and asthma in the five-county Atlanta area were obtained for the 1998-2008 period. To understand the health effects of the large number of species, we grouped these VOCs a priori by chemical structure and estimated the associations between VOC groups and daily counts of emergency department visits in a time-series framework using Poisson regression. We applied three analytic approaches to estimate the VOC group effects: an indicator pollutant approach, a joint effect analysis, and a random effect meta-analysis, each with different assumptions. We performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate copollutant confounding. RESULTS Hydrocarbon groups, particularly alkenes and alkynes, were associated with emergency department visits for cardiovascular diseases, while the ketone group was associated with emergency department visits for asthma. CONCLUSIONS The associations observed between emergency department visits for cardiovascular diseases and alkenes and alkynes may reflect the role of traffic exhaust, while the association between asthma visits and ketones may reflect the role of secondary organic compounds. The different patterns of associations we observed for cardiovascular diseases and asthma suggest different modes of action of these pollutants or the mixtures they represent.
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