Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Exp Med. Dec 20, 2024; 14(4): 99359
Published online Dec 20, 2024. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.99359
Table 1 Patient-reported outcome measures surveys
Survey
Description
HHSThe HHS is a joint-specific 10-question survey evaluating hip function. The survey parameters include- ability to climb stairs, take public transport, and put on shoes and socks. The test has been shown to have strong construct validity, and thus would be appropriate as a comprehensive assessment of the affected joint’s impact on the patient[16]
SF-12
The SF-12 survey, which was adapted from the SF-36 survey, assesses the patient’s view of their own health and how it relates to their lifestyle. It includes questions, such as asking the patient if they achieved as much as they have liked and whether they have felt calm and peaceful. Thus, the SF-12 can provide insight into the psychological aspect of the patient’s condition[20]
IHOT-12The iHOT-12 is a 12-question survey adapted from the 33-question survey. The survey evaluates quality of life changes[21]
EQ-VASEQ-VAS is a scale from 0 (worst health) to 100 (best health) that allows the patient to indicate their overall perspective of their health state[22]
Table 2 HIPPO radiographic hip measurements and landmarks
Measurement
Description
CCDThe CCD angle was measured as the angle between the femur neck and shaft axis[23]
Pelvic obliquityThe pelvic obliquity was measured with a tangential line from the apex of the femoral heads and a line parallel to the horizontal plane as in Figure 1
Sharps angleSharp’s angle was measured with a line connecting the inferior ischial tuberosities and a line connecting the lower medial edge of the acetabular teardrop and the lateral edge of acetabular sourcil[23]
LCEAThe LCEA was measured as a perpendicular line through the center of the femoral head perpendicular to the acetabular tuberosities and the angle between a line from the center of the femoral head to the lateral acetabular sourcil[24]
Extrusion indexThe extrusion index was measured by the difference of medial and lateral femoral head and the lateral edge sourcil with three vertical lines at edge aspect. The femoral head coverage was represented by the percentage of femoral head covered: Lateral femoral head to lateral edge sourcil distance minus the total horizontal head diameter[23]
Tönnis angleThe Tönnis angle was measured as the angle between a line connecting the inferior and lateral aspects of the acetabular sourcil and a line connecting the inferior portion of the ischial tuberosities[12]
Table 3 Spearman correlation between manual hip measurements and various patient-reported outcome measures surveys
Patient-reported outcome measures
Hip measures
Estimate
Lower 95%CI
Upper 95%CI
Raw P value
Adjusted P value
Visual Analogue Scale of the European Quality of Life GroupCCD0.07-0.110.250.4500.802
Extrusion index0.02-0.160.200.8230.823
LCEA-0.04-0.220.150.6880.823
Obliquity-0.17-0.340.010.0630.378
Sharp0.06-0.130.240.5350.802
Tönnis-0.08-0.250.110.4190.802
Harris hip scoreCCD0.02-0.160.200.7910.791
Extrusion index-0.14-0.310.040.1220.183
LCEA0.180.000.350.0490.147
Obliquity-0.16-0.330.020.0810.162
Sharp-0.06-0.240.120.4930.592
Tönnis-0.24-0.40-0.060.0090.054
International hip outcome toolCCD-0.19-0.360.000.0450.270
Extrusion index-0.03-0.210.160.7640.999
LCEA0.00-0.180.180.9990.999
Obliquity0.13-0.060.300.1830.549
Sharp0.00-0.180.180.9980.999
Tönnis0.07-0.120.250.4690.938
Short form 12CCD0.190.010.360.0420.252
Extrusion index0.03-0.160.210.7780.870
LCEA-0.03-0.220.150.7200.870
Obliquity-0.13-0.300.060.1860.558
Sharp0.06-0.130.240.5300.870
Tönnis-0.02-0.200.170.8700.870
Table 4 Spearman correlation between artificial intelligence hip measurements and various patient-reported outcome measures surveys
Patient-reported outcome measures
Hip measures
Estimate
Lower 95%CI
Upper 95%CI
Raw P value
Adjusted P value
Visual Analogue Scale of the European Quality of Life GroupCCD0.09-0.090.270.3300.509
Extrusion index0.07-0.110.250.4240.509
LCEA-0.09-0.270.100.3540.509
Obliquity-0.22-0.39-0.040.0150.090
Sharp0.06-0.130.230.5570.557
Tönnis-0.11-0.290.070.2350.509
Harris hip scoreCCD0.11-0.070.280.2380.286
Extrusion index-0.15-0.320.030.1120.255
LCEA0.13-0.050.300.1700.255
Obliquity-0.13-0.300.050.1540.255
Sharp-0.03-0.210.150.7230.723
Tönnis-0.20-0.36-0.020.0330.198
International hip outcome toolCCD-0.25-0.42-0.070.0070.042a
Extrusion index0.03-0.150.220.7180.718
LCEA-0.05-0.230.140.6080.718
Obliquity0.17-0.020.340.0790.237
Sharp0.04-0.150.220.7030.718
Tönnis0.05-0.130.240.5650.718
Short form 12CCD0.250.070.420.0080.048c
Extrusion index0.00-0.180.190.9720.972
LCEA-0.07-0.250.120.4760.714
Obliquity-0.16-0.340.020.0880.264
Sharp0.08-0.100.260.3850.714
Tönnis0.02-0.160.210.8170.972