Alshaikhsalama A, Archer H, Xi Y, Ljuhar R, Wells JE, Chhabra A. HIPPO artificial intelligence: Correlating automated radiographic femoroacetabular measurements with patient-reported outcomes in developmental hip dysplasia. World J Exp Med 2024; 14(4): 99359 [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.99359]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Ahmed Alshaikhsalama, BSc, Research Associate, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, United States. ahmed.alshaikhsalama@utsouthwestern.edu
Research Domain of This Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Article-Type of This Article
Retrospective Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Exp Med. Dec 20, 2024; 14(4): 99359 Published online Dec 20, 2024. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.99359
Table 1 Patient-reported outcome measures surveys
Survey
Description
HHS
The HHS is a joint-specific 10-question survey evaluating hip function. The survey parameters include- ability to climb stairs, take public transport, and put on shoes and socks. The test has been shown to have strong construct validity, and thus would be appropriate as a comprehensive assessment of the affected joint’s impact on the patient[16]
SF-12
The SF-12 survey, which was adapted from the SF-36 survey, assesses the patient’s view of their own health and how it relates to their lifestyle. It includes questions, such as asking the patient if they achieved as much as they have liked and whether they have felt calm and peaceful. Thus, the SF-12 can provide insight into the psychological aspect of the patient’s condition[20]
IHOT-12
The iHOT-12 is a 12-question survey adapted from the 33-question survey. The survey evaluates quality of life changes[21]
EQ-VAS
EQ-VAS is a scale from 0 (worst health) to 100 (best health) that allows the patient to indicate their overall perspective of their health state[22]
Table 2 HIPPO radiographic hip measurements and landmarks
Measurement
Description
CCD
The CCD angle was measured as the angle between the femur neck and shaft axis[23]
Pelvic obliquity
The pelvic obliquity was measured with a tangential line from the apex of the femoral heads and a line parallel to the horizontal plane as in Figure 1
Sharps angle
Sharp’s angle was measured with a line connecting the inferior ischial tuberosities and a line connecting the lower medial edge of the acetabular teardrop and the lateral edge of acetabular sourcil[23]
LCEA
The LCEA was measured as a perpendicular line through the center of the femoral head perpendicular to the acetabular tuberosities and the angle between a line from the center of the femoral head to the lateral acetabular sourcil[24]
Extrusion index
The extrusion index was measured by the difference of medial and lateral femoral head and the lateral edge sourcil with three vertical lines at edge aspect. The femoral head coverage was represented by the percentage of femoral head covered: Lateral femoral head to lateral edge sourcil distance minus the total horizontal head diameter[23]
Tönnis angle
The Tönnis angle was measured as the angle between a line connecting the inferior and lateral aspects of the acetabular sourcil and a line connecting the inferior portion of the ischial tuberosities[12]
Table 3 Spearman correlation between manual hip measurements and various patient-reported outcome measures surveys
Patient-reported outcome measures
Hip measures
Estimate
Lower 95%CI
Upper 95%CI
Raw P value
Adjusted P value
Visual Analogue Scale of the European Quality of Life Group
CCD
0.07
-0.11
0.25
0.450
0.802
Extrusion index
0.02
-0.16
0.20
0.823
0.823
LCEA
-0.04
-0.22
0.15
0.688
0.823
Obliquity
-0.17
-0.34
0.01
0.063
0.378
Sharp
0.06
-0.13
0.24
0.535
0.802
Tönnis
-0.08
-0.25
0.11
0.419
0.802
Harris hip score
CCD
0.02
-0.16
0.20
0.791
0.791
Extrusion index
-0.14
-0.31
0.04
0.122
0.183
LCEA
0.18
0.00
0.35
0.049
0.147
Obliquity
-0.16
-0.33
0.02
0.081
0.162
Sharp
-0.06
-0.24
0.12
0.493
0.592
Tönnis
-0.24
-0.40
-0.06
0.009
0.054
International hip outcome tool
CCD
-0.19
-0.36
0.00
0.045
0.270
Extrusion index
-0.03
-0.21
0.16
0.764
0.999
LCEA
0.00
-0.18
0.18
0.999
0.999
Obliquity
0.13
-0.06
0.30
0.183
0.549
Sharp
0.00
-0.18
0.18
0.998
0.999
Tönnis
0.07
-0.12
0.25
0.469
0.938
Short form 12
CCD
0.19
0.01
0.36
0.042
0.252
Extrusion index
0.03
-0.16
0.21
0.778
0.870
LCEA
-0.03
-0.22
0.15
0.720
0.870
Obliquity
-0.13
-0.30
0.06
0.186
0.558
Sharp
0.06
-0.13
0.24
0.530
0.870
Tönnis
-0.02
-0.20
0.17
0.870
0.870
Table 4 Spearman correlation between artificial intelligence hip measurements and various patient-reported outcome measures surveys
Patient-reported outcome measures
Hip measures
Estimate
Lower 95%CI
Upper 95%CI
Raw P value
Adjusted P value
Visual Analogue Scale of the European Quality of Life Group
Citation: Alshaikhsalama A, Archer H, Xi Y, Ljuhar R, Wells JE, Chhabra A. HIPPO artificial intelligence: Correlating automated radiographic femoroacetabular measurements with patient-reported outcomes in developmental hip dysplasia. World J Exp Med 2024; 14(4): 99359