Facing stress and inflammation: From the cell to the planet

Table 1 Nature of the inflammatory stress on the different targets

Target	Inflammatory stress
Cell	PAMPs; DAMPs; Toxins; Inflammatory cytokines; Lipid mediators; Free radicals; Microplastics; Radiation
Organ	Inflammatory mediators; Ischemia; Hypoxia
Individuals	Physical stress: trauma; Burns; Surgery; Pathogens; Heat; Cold; Chemicals; Pollutants; UV; Allergens.
	Psychological stress: Harassment; Wars; Family disruption; Loneliness…
Society	Low or high incomes countries; Political regime
Planet	Loss of ecologic balance; Global warming; Natural disasters; Overpopulation

PAMPs: Pathogen associated molecular patterns; DAMPs: Damage associated molecular patterns; UV: Ultra-violet.

Table 2 Nature of the anti-inflammatory stress process among the different targets

Target	Anti-inflammatory stress processes
Cell	Anti-inflammatory cytokines; Resolution lipid mediators; Acetylcholine
Organ	Anti-inflammatory drugs; Glucocorticoids
Individuals	Yoga; Meditation; Psychologist; Anti-depressant drugs
Society	United Nations; NATO; Non-governmental organizations; OECD
Planet	Climate change conferences (COP)

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization; OECD: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; COP: Conference of the parties.