Cavaillon JM, Chaudry IH. Facing stress and inflammation: From the cell to the planet. World J Exp Med 2024; 14(4): 96422 [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.96422]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Jean-Marc Cavaillon, PhD, Honorary Professor, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris 75015, France. jean-marc.cavaillon@pasteur.fr
Research Domain of This Article
Biology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Exp Med. Dec 20, 2024; 14(4): 96422 Published online Dec 20, 2024. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.96422
Facing stress and inflammation: From the cell to the planet
Jean-Marc Cavaillon, Irshad H Chaudry
Jean-Marc Cavaillon, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
Irshad H Chaudry, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
Author contributions: Cavaillon JM proposed the topic; Chaudry IH added additional ideas and amended the English language; Both authors wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jean-Marc Cavaillon, PhD, Honorary Professor, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris 75015, France. jean-marc.cavaillon@pasteur.fr
Received: May 6, 2024 Revised: August 27, 2024 Accepted: September 19, 2024 Published online: December 20, 2024 Processing time: 177 Days and 17.5 Hours
Abstract
As identified in 1936 by Hans Selye, stress is shaping diseases through the induction of inflammation. But inflammation display some yin yang properties. On one hand inflammation is merging with the innate immune response aimed to fight infectious or sterile insults, on the other hand inflammation favors chronic physical or psychological disorders. Nature has equipped the cells, the organs, and the individuals with mediators and mechanisms that allow them to deal with stress, and even a good stress (eustress) has been associated with homeostasis. Likewise, societies and the planet are exposed to stressful settings, but wars and global warming suggest that the regulatory mechanisms are poorly efficient. In this review we list some inducers of the physiological stress, psychologic stress, societal stress, and planetary stress, and mention some of the great number of parameters which affect and modulate the response to stress and render it different from an individual to another, from the cellular level to the societal one. The cell, the organ, the individual, the society, and the planet share many stressors of which the consequences are extremely interconnected ending in the domino effect and the butterfly effect.
Core Tip: Global health is dependent on healthy cells, healthy organs, healthy individuals, within a healthy society on a healthy planet. But all components are exposed to some specific stress that generates an inflammatory response, which affects physical and mental health of the planet inhabitants, while pollution and climate change affect the planet health.
