Experimental beneficial effect of rosuvastatin on burn wound healing in a rat model

Figure 1 Graphical presentation. A: C-reactive protein changes by rat group and day of sacrifice. The study group showed a significant and gradual decrease in C-reactive protein levels on later sacrifice days compared to the control and placebo groups (P < 0.01), confirming a reduction in the inflammatory response; B: Graphical presentation tumor necrosis factor-alpha changes by rat group and day of sacrifice. The study group showed a significant and gradual decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels on later sacrifice days compared to the control and placebo groups (P < 0.01), confirming a reduction in the inflammatory response; C: Graphical presentation interleukin-1β changes by rat group and day of sacrifice. The study group showed a significant and gradual decrease in interleukin-1β levels on later sacrifice days compared to the control and placebo groups (P < 0.01), confirming a reduction in the inflammatory response; D: Graphical presentation interleukin-6 changes by rat group and day of sacrifice. The study group showed a significant and gradual decrease in interleukin-6 levels on later sacrifice days compared to the control and placebo groups (P < 0.01), confirming a reduction in the inflammatory response; E: Graphical presentation burn wound size changes by rat group and day of sacrifice. The study group showed a significant and gradual decrease in burn wound size on later sacrifice days compared to the control and placebo groups (P < 0.01), confirming a better healing process. CRP: C-reactive protein; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; IL-6: Interleukin-6.

Figure 2 Representative macroscopic burn wound healing digital images. The rosuvastatin group showed a gradual increase in granulomatous tissue growth, epithelialization, and wound shrinkage on later sacrifice days compared to the control and placebo groups, indicating enhanced burn wound healing.

Figure 3 Representative microscopic burn wound healing images. A: Coagulative necrosis involving the epidermis and superficial dermis, characterized by loss of tissue architecture and magenta staining (arrowheads). Control group, day 9; haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, magnification × 40; B: Focal coagulative necrosis observed in skin tissue (arrowheads). Rosuvastatin group, day 9; HE staining, magnification × 40; C: Scant neoplastic capillaries (arrow) corresponding to a low vascular score) observed in a healing area, control group, day 9; HE staining, magnification × 200; D: Highly vascularized connective tissue (arrows) corresponding to a high vascular score, rosuvastatin group, day 9; HE staining, magnification × 20; E: Granulation tissue showing mild to moderate inflammatory cell infiltration (score 1), rosuvastatin group, day 9; HE staining, magnification × 200; F: Granulation tissue showing severe inflammatory cell infiltration (score 2), placebo group, day 9; HE staining, magnification × 200; G: Mild fibroblastic response with moderate fibroblast proliferation and minimal collagen deposition, control group, day 9; HE staining, magnification × 200; H: Marked fibroblastic reaction with extensive fibroblast proliferation and increased collagen deposition, rosuvastatin group, day 9; HE staining, magnification × 100; I: Μicrohemorrhage (small, well-defined area of extravasated red blood cells), placebo group, day 9; HE staining, magnification × 100; J: Multifocal scattered microhemorrhages (small foci of red blood cell extravasation), rosuvastatin group, day 9; HE staining, magnification × 100.