Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Exp Med. Dec 20, 2025; 15(4): 112191
Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.112191
Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.112191
Figure 1 Composition of kefir grain.
A: Lactic acid bacteria; B: Acetic acid bacteria; C: Yeast; D: Matrix of proteins and polysaccharides.
Figure 2 Traditional (home) method of milk fermentation using native kefir grains.
Only kefir grain is used to obtain the final product.
Figure 3 Industrial method of using kefir grains to produce kefir.
Kefir grain is used only to obtain canned starter, and industrial starter is used to obtain the final product.
- Citation: Katchieva PK, Katchieva KK, Kipkeeva FI, Kharaeva ZF, Smeianov VV. Kefir revisited: Insights from the North Caucasus. World J Exp Med 2025; 15(4): 112191
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v15/i4/112191.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.112191
