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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Exp Med. Jun 20, 2025; 15(2): 102285
Published online Jun 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.102285
Published online Jun 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.102285
Dynamics of inflammatory signals within the tumor microenvironment
Hala Issa, Kok-Song Lai, Tina Parusheva-Borsitzky, Shamshul Ansari, Division of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 25026, United Arab Emirates
Lokjan Singh, Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
Author contributions: Issa H and Ansari S conceived and conceptualized the design of the manuscript; Issa H, Parusheva-Borsitzky T and Ansari S revised the draft of the final manuscript; Lai KS and Ansari S reviewed and edited the manuscript; Issa H, Singh L, Lai KS, Parusheva-Borsitzky T, and Ansari S searched the published literature, extracted the core information and prepared the initial draft of the manuscript; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Shamshul Ansari, PhD, Division of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Baniyas, Abu Dhabi 25026, United Arab Emirates.
Received: October 14, 2024
Revised: December 31, 2024
Accepted: January 11, 2025
Published online: June 20, 2025
Processing time: 184 Days and 11.4 Hours
Revised: December 31, 2024
Accepted: January 11, 2025
Published online: June 20, 2025
Processing time: 184 Days and 11.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Tumor microenvironment consisting of the cancer related fibroblasts can inhibit the tumor cell killing activity of cytotoxic T-cells. This activity is promoted by secretion of a variety of immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukins (ILs) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). IL-1 has been found to be associated with tumor growth and its dissemination in the body. Similarly, other cytokines and inflammatory proteins such as IL-6, IL-33, TGF-β, nuclear factor kappa-B, IL-6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, interferons and toll-like receptors have been linked to tumor invasion and immunosuppression, creating conditions that facilitate tumor growth and metastasis.