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Bukasa-Kakamba J, Bangolo AI, Wadhwani S, Bayauli P, Wadhwani N, Nagesh VK, Mou MJ, Chahal PS, Mbunga B, Chindam S, Mushfiq T, Thapa A, Rao NL, Kalambayi IK, Rajesh RY, Sarioguz IB, Thoomkuntla VKR, Arefin S, Kaur N, Mutombo MB, Singh S, Muto N, Vamsi S, Mallampalli P, Nkodila AN, Weissman S, M'Buyamba-Kabangu JR. Environmental mineral density and thyroid malignancy: A multicenter cross-sectional study. World J Exp Med 2025; 15:103371. [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2024] [Revised: 12/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several trace minerals have been shown to be associated with thyroid cancer. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is deemed the most mineral-rich country globally. Data on the characteristics of thyroid nodules in various mineral-rich regions of the DRC is scarce.
AIM To analyze the differential spectrum of thyroid nodules based on locoregional variance in mineral density.
METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 529 patients with thyroid nodules residing in Katanga, South Kivu and Kinshasa between 2005 and 2019. Of these three provinces, Katanga and South Kivu have the highest mineral density with the DRC.
RESULTS Mean patient age was 44.2 years ± 14.6 years with a female predominance, with a female to male ratio of 5.4. The 66.5% of patients had a family history of thyroid disease. Total 74 patients had simple nodules, and the remaining 455 patients had multiple nodules. The 87.7% of patients were euthyroid. The nodules exhibited varying characteristics namely hypoechogenicity (84.5%), solid echostructure (72.2%), macronodular appearance (59.8%), calcifications (14.4%) and associated lymphadenopathy (15.5%). The 22.3% of the nodules were malignant. Factors independently associated with malignancy were older age (≥ 60 years) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.81], Katanga province (aOR = 8.19), solid echostructure (aOR = 7.69), hypoechogenicity (aOR = 14.19), macronodular appearance (aOR = 9.13), calcifications (aOR = 2.6) and presence of lymphadenopathy (aOR = 6.94).
CONCLUSION Thyroid nodules emanating from the mineral-laden province of Katanga were more likely to be malignant. Early and accurate risk-stratification of patients with thyroid nodules residing in high-risk areas could be instrumental in optimizing survival in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bukasa-Kakamba
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 999069, Congo
- Department of Endocrinology, Liege University Hospital Center, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Ayrton I Bangolo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - Shruti Wadhwani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Pascal Bayauli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 999069, Congo
| | - Nikita Wadhwani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Vignesh K Nagesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Maria J Mou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Princejeet S Chahal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Branly Mbunga
- Department of School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 999069, Congo
| | - Sindhuja Chindam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Taieba Mushfiq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Abhishek Thapa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Nidhi L Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | | | - Rahul Y Rajesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Ipek B Sarioguz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Vishal KR Thoomkuntla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Shamsul Arefin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Manasse Bukasa Mutombo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 999069, Congo
| | - Satyajeet Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Natalia Muto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Surya Vamsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Pujita Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Aliocha Natuhoyila Nkodila
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Protestant University of Congo, Kinshasa 999069, Congo
| | - Simcha Weissman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
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Abe JV, Park SY, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Hernandez BY, Ihenacho U, Wilkens LR. Reproductive Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:1158-1165. [PMID: 38775020 PMCID: PMC11698678 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Women are three times more likely to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer than men, with incidence rates per 100,000 in the United States of 20.2 for women and 7.4 for men. Several reproductive and hormonal factors have been proposed as possible contributors to thyroid cancer risk, including age at menarche, parity, age at menopause, oral contraceptive use, surgical menopause, and menopausal hormone therapy. Our study aimed to investigate potential reproductive/hormonal factors in a multiethnic population. Methods: Risk factors for thyroid cancer were evaluated among female participants (n = 118,344) of the Multiethnic Cohort Study. The cohort was linked to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer incidence and statewide death certificate files in Hawaii and California, with 373 incident papillary thyroid cancer cases identified. Exposures investigated include age at menarche, parity, first pregnancy outcome, birth control use, and menopausal status and type. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain relative risk (RR) of papillary thyroid cancer and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Covariates included age, race and ethnicity, reproductive history, body size, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Results: We observed a statistically significant increased risk of papillary thyroid cancer for oophorectomy (adjusted RR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.99), hysterectomy (adjusted RR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.04), and surgical menopause (adjusted RR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.97), and decreased risk for first live birth at ≤20 years of age versus nulliparity (adjusted RR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.93). These associations did not vary by race and ethnicity (p het > 0.44). Conclusion: The reproductive risk factors for papillary thyroid cancer reported in the literature were largely confirmed in all racial and ethnic groups in our multiethnic population, which validates uniform obstetric and gynecological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine V. Abe
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brenda Y. Hernandez
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ugonna Ihenacho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
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Shaked Y, Yang J, Monaghan M, van Gerwen M. The Association between Metals and Thyroid Cancer in Puerto Rico-A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis and Ecological Study. TOXICS 2024; 12:632. [PMID: 39330560 PMCID: PMC11435839 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12090632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer rates have risen globally over the past four decades, with Puerto Rico experiencing a particularly pronounced increase. This may be linked to higher metal exposure, as some metals are endocrine disruptors and carcinogens. Currently, certain regions of Puerto Rico have Superfund programs because of high concentrations of metals in the soil. Therefore, we investigated the association between thyroid cancer incidence and three metals (lead, cadmium, and mercury) with known endocrine-disrupting properties and increased levels in soil samples in Puerto Rico. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for heavy metal levels and the thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) as a thyroid cancer marker. Additionally, we performed an ecological study using data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report on Metals from Natural and Anthropogenic Sources in Puerto Rico Soils and data from the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry on age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rates from 2015 to 2019. Through NHANES analysis, we found a significant negative association between mercury and TgAb. Through our ecological study, we observed higher thyroid cancer incidence rates and increased metal levels in the soil in the northern parts of Puerto Rico. Our heterogenous results necessitate further research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaelle Shaked
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jessica Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mathilda Monaghan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maaike van Gerwen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Abstract
Background: Previous observational epidemiological studies such as case-control studies and cohort studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. Materials and methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE in August 2021 using keywords related to seafood intake and thyroid cancer. A pooled odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: We included 17 observational studies with 13 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies, which included 4,309 thyroid cancer patients among 599,161 participants. In the random effects model meta-analysis of all 17 studies, we found that there was no significant association between seafood intake (highest vs. lowest intake) and the risk of thyroid cancer (OR or RR, 1.01; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.19; I2=51.4%). Although the associations were not statistically significant, subgroup meta-analyses by study design showed opposite findings: seafood intake decreased the risk of thyroid cancer in case-control studies (OR or RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.19; I2=60.6%; n=13) but increased in cohort studies (OR or RR, 1.14; 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.35; I2=0.0%; n=4). Conclusion: The current meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies found that that overall, there was no significant association between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. However, given that cohort studies give us a higher level of evidence than case-control studies, further prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm the association between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Hong
- Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kwon Myung
- Department of Cancer AI & Digital Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Data Science, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Webster AM, Pinion D, Pineda E, Aboueisha H, Hussein MH, Fawzy MS, Toraih EA, Kandil E. Elucidating the link between thyroid cancer and mercury exposure: a review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12841-12855. [PMID: 38273084 PMCID: PMC10881592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a widely distributed and bioavailable metal of public health concern, with many known human toxicities, but data regarding mercury's influence on thyroid cancer (TC) is scarce. Mercury is known to impact several molecular pathways implicated in carcinogenesis, and its proclivity for bioaccumulation in the thyroid suggests a potential modulatory effect. We conducted a literature/systematic review of studies between 1995-2022 intending to define better and establish relationships between these two entities, congregate the evidence for mercury's potential role in thyroid carcinogenesis, and identify populations of interest for further study. Insufficient evidence precludes definitive conclusions on dietary mercury as a TC risk factor; however, several common mechanisms affected by mercury are crucial for TC development, including biochemical, endocrine, and reactive oxygen species effects. Quantitative analysis revealed associations between TC risk and mercury exposure. In three mercury studies, average urine levels were higher in TC patients, with a mean difference of 1.86 µg/g creatinine (95% CI = 0.32-3.41). In two studies investigating exposure to elevated mercury levels, the exposed group exhibited a higher risk of developing TC, with a relative risk of 1.90 (95% CI = 1.76-2.06). In three thyroid tissue studies, mercury levels (ppm) were higher in TC patients, averaging 0.14 (0.06-0.22) in cancerous cases (N = 178) and 0.08 (0.04-0.11) in normal thyroids (N = 257). Our findings suggest an association between mercury exposure and TC risk, implying a possible predisposing factor. Further research is necessary to reveal the clinical relevance of dietary and environmental mercury exposures in TC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Webster
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Dylan Pinion
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Eric Pineda
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hadeel Aboueisha
- Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammad H Hussein
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Medical Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Betito HR, Chaushu H, Lahav Y, Pinhas S, Warman M, Zornitzki T, Malka L, Cohen J, Lahav G, Cohen O. The impact of iodine deficiency exposure on thyroid nodule cytology and pathology - A single institute, case-control study. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104022. [PMID: 37738882 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between follicular carcinoma and iodine deficiency (ID) is based on epidemiological studies and their inherent biases. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of long-term ID exposure on thyroid nodule cytology and final pathology in a distinct group of patients within a single institution. METHODS Ethiopian origin patients were compared to an aged-matched group of non-Ethiopian patients. Demographics, risk factors, clinical presentation, cytology and pathology were collected and compared. Final outcomes were cytology and pathology distribution. RESULTS A total of 489 (246 Ethiopian, 243 control) nodules of 461 patients (230 and 231 respectively) were included. Ethiopian patients had lower rates of thyroid cancer risk factors (p=0.05). Cytology analysis demonstrated significant group differences (p=0.03), as Ethiopian patients had higher rates of benign cytology (85% vs. 75.7%, respectively). Pathology analysis demonstrated a significantly lower malignancy rate among Ethiopian patients (39.2% (20/51) vs. 63.3% (31/49), p=0.027, respectively). The Ethiopian group had a significant higher rate of follicular carcinoma compared to the control group (25% [5/20] vs. 3.2% [1/31], p=0.034, respectively) and lower rates of papillary thyroid carcinoma (25% [5/20] vs. 61.3% [19/31], p=0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The association between ID and FC exists years following immigration and exposure to a better iodine diet, implying that differentiation may be affected in earlier stages and levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Rotem Betito
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Hen Chaushu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yonatan Lahav
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sapir Pinhas
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meir Warman
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Taiba Zornitzki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel; Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Israel
| | - Liron Malka
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Lahav
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oded Cohen
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital
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Shank JB, Are C, Wenos CD. Thyroid Cancer: Global Burden and Trends. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:40-45. [PMID: 35462648 PMCID: PMC8986939 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer continues to increase, representing the 5th most common cancer type in the USA today (Sherman, Lancet 361(9356):501-11, 2003). The current study sought to analyze the global burden of thyroid cancer utilizing the publicly accessible GLOBOCAN database. An estimated 586,202 cases of thyroid cancer were reported in 2020, making thyroid cancer the 10th most common cancer worldwide. The majority of thyroid cancer cases occurred in countries with a high or very high Human Development Index (HDI), accounting for 91% of new cases. With respect to the World Health Organization (WHO) regions, the Western Pacific had the highest incidence of thyroid cancer accounting for 47.6% of cases despite representing only 25.4% of the world's population. Thyroid cancer incidence and mortality are expected to increase by 29.9% and 67%, respectively, by the year 2040. The African region is projected to experience the highest increase in both incidence (84.3%) and mortality (100.3%) over this time period. The results of our study demonstrate that the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer vary by the geographic location and socio-economic status. Although the incidence was noted to be the highest in very high HDI countries and the Western Pacific region, mortality was noted to be disproportionately higher in the low HDI countries and African region. This may be due to discrepancies in access to care and/or environmental exposures such as ionizing radiation and iodine deficiency. Further measures are required to improve the outcomes from thyroid cancer regardless of the geographic location or socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Shank
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Chandrakanth Are
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Chelsea D Wenos
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
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Cocco P. Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2632. [PMID: 35270318 PMCID: PMC8909994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In January 2021, the European Union ended the license of Mancozeb, the bestselling ethylenedithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide, because of some properties typical of human carcinogens. This decision contrasts the IARC classification of EBDC fungicides (Group 3, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity). A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted to explore the current evidence. METHODS Human and experimental studies of cancer and exposure to EBDC fungicides (Mancozeb, Maneb, Zineb, and others) and ethylene thiourea (ETU), their major metabolite, published in English as of December 2021, were retrieved using PubMed, the list of references of the relevant reports, and grey literature. RESULTS The epidemiological evidence of EBDC carcinogenicity is inadequate, with two studies each suggesting an association with melanoma and brain cancer and inconsistent findings for thyroid cancer. Experimental animal studies point at thyroid cancer in rats and liver cancer in mice, while multiple organs were affected following the long-term oral administration of Mancozeb. The mechanism of thyroid carcinogenesis in rats has also been shown to occur in humans. Genotoxic effects have been reported. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review suggest inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides from human studies and sufficient evidence from animal studies, with positive results on three out of ten key characteristics of carcinogens applying to humans as well. An IARC re-evaluation of the human carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Cocco
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Aku AM, Patil A. Understanding cancer etiology: A review of the evidence-based Ayurvedic framework of cancer etiologies. Ayu 2022; 43:1-7. [PMID: 37554416 PMCID: PMC10405889 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_318_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background of the Study As many as 10 million people have died from cancer globally in 2020, making it the top cause of mortality in the globe. Cancer develops as a result of the multi-stage process by which normal cells convert into tumor cells, progressing from a precancerous lesion to a malignant tumor. By avoiding risk factors and applying existing evidence-based preventative techniques, 30%-50% of malignancies may be averted. In order to avoid cancer, it is essential to know the specific causes of the disease. Nidanas, or etiologies, are well-described in Ayurvedic science. Here, the causes of cancer have been outlined so that the knowledge may be used effectively to avoid the disease. Aims Identification of cancer etiologies that have been described in classics. Evidence-based understanding of these etiologies and to comprehend the significance of etiologies in cancer prevention. Materials and methods A thorough evaluation of literature, including ancient Ayurvedic classics, modern medical texts, and articles published in reputable journals, was conducted to meet the study's goals and objectives. Results According to Ayurveda, there are three distinct phases of tumorigenesis: chronic inflammation, precancerous development, Granthi (a benign glandular swelli ng), and Arbuda (a precancerous tumor) (definite malignancy). A growing body of evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment, which is predominantly controlled by inflammatory cells, is an essential player in the neoplastic process. Conclusion Although inflammation is coming into the picture just now in the contemporary world, Ayurveda has described this as a leading cause 5000 years back. It is evident that diet and lifestyle play a crucial role in the etiology of Shoth (inflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Murthy Aku
- Department of PG Studies in Swasthavritta, KAHER's Shri B.M.K. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Post-Graduation Studies and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok Patil
- Department of PG Studies in Swasthavritta, KAHER's Shri B.M.K. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Post-Graduation Studies and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Lee AW, Mendoza RA, Aman S, Hsu R, Liu L. Thyroid cancer incidence disparities among ethnic Asian American populations, 1990-2014. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 66:28-36. [PMID: 34774744 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Asian/Pacific Islanders (APIs) are at high risk of thyroid cancer, hence we examined thyroid cancer's incidence among disaggregated API subgroups in the United States (U.S.) to identify potential ethnic-specific disparities. METHODS Data from 1990 to 2014 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) were used to compare age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) of thyroid cancer for seven API ethnic subgroups to non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) using incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sex, age, tumor histotype, and year of diagnosis were considered. Trends were evaluated using average annual percent change (AAPC) statistics. RESULTS The highest AAIRs (per 100,000 person-years) were among Filipinos (female AAIR=20.49, male AAIR=7.06) and the lowest among Japanese (female AAIR=8.36, male AAIR=3.20). However, Filipinos showed significantly lower incidence of medullary tumors when compared to NHWs (female IRR=0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.87, male IRR=0.26, 95% CI 0.26-0.51). The largest increasing trends were among Asian Indian/Pakistanis for females (AAPC=5.19, 95% CI 3.81 to 6.58) and Koreans for males (AAPC=4.57, 95% CI 3.14 to 6.03). CONCLUSIONS There are clear differences in thyroid cancer incidence and trends when U.S. API ethnic subgroups are examined separately. Disaggregating APIs in research can provide critical information for understanding thyroid cancer risk.
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Key Words
- average annual percent change, APC, annual percent change, API, Asian/Pacific Islander, ASIR, age-specific incidence rate, CI, confidence interval, ICD-O-3, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition, IRR, incidence rate ratio, NHW, non-Hispanic white, NOS, not otherwise specified002C SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, U.S., United States
- thyroid cancer, Asian Americans, racial/ethnic disparities, AAIR, age-adjusted incidence rate, AAPC
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice W Lee
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., KHS-127, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA.
| | - Roy A Mendoza
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., MH-112, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Shehla Aman
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., KHS-127, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Robert Hsu
- Department of Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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11
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Singh SK, Aditi A, Gupta J. Spatial clustering and meso-scale correlates of thyroid disorder among women in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey (2015–16). J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Thyroid disorders are a major public health burden. Generally, women exhibit higher differentials in the prevalence of these disorders. This study focuses on the socio-economic and behavioural correlates of thyroid disorders along with their spatial clustering among women of reproductive age in India.
Methods
The study uses dataset from the fourth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) carried out in 2015–16 to assess self-reported thyroid disorders. Poor–rich ratio (PRR) and concentration index (CI) were used to study the variation in thyroid disorder among women arising out of economic inequality. Moran’s I statistics and bivariate local spatial autocorrelation (BiLISA) maps were used to understand spatial dependence and clustering of thyroid disorder. Spatial lag and error models were applied to examine the correlates of the disorder.
Results
Thyroid disorder prevalence was higher among women from socio-economically better-off households. Adjusted effects showed that users of iodized salt were 1.14 times more likely to suffer from a thyroid disorder as compared to non-users, which is contrary to the general belief that a higher percentage of consumption of iodide salt leads to a lower prevalence of thyroid disorder. A higher autoregressive coefficient (0.71) indicated significantly higher spatial clustering in thyroid disorders.
Conclusions
The prevalence of thyroid disorder in India depends appreciably on spatial and various ecological factors. Sedentary lifestyles among women may be aggravating diseases, which has strong linkage with thyroid disorders. It is strongly recommended to effectively integrate universal salt iodization with activities geared towards the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.
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12
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Lee JH, Chai YJ, Yi KH. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Thyroid Cancer: Meta-Analysis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:590-598. [PMID: 34034364 PMCID: PMC8258339 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although smoking is generally carcinogenic, its effect on thyroid cancers is still subject to controversy. The purpose of this study was to summarize the role of smoking in relation to thyroid cancer occurrence. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of 24 eligible studies: 21 case-control studies and three prospective cohort studies. The summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all studies were acquired based on random effect model. Further subgroup analyses were conducted according to gender, histological type of thyroid cancer, and smoking status of patients for the case-control studies. RESULTS The summary effect size indicated a negative association of smoking for thyroid cancer (OR, 0.798; 95% CI, 0.681 to 0.935). From the subgroup analyses for the case-control studies, reduced risk of thyroid cancer was observed in both men (OR, 0.734; 95% CI, 0.553 to 0.974) and women (OR, 0.792; 95% CI, 0.700 to 0.897). The protective effect of smoking was observed in studies in which thyroid cancer was limited to differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) (OR, 0.798; 95% CI, 0.706 to 0.902). CONCLUSION Our results suggests that smoking may have a protective effect on thyroid cancer, especially on DTCs. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted in elucidating the dose and time dependent effect of smoking on thyroid cancer with specific focus on the types of thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hyop Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Young Jun Chai
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine & Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ka Hee Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
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13
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Xu L, Cai J, Gao T, Ma A. Shellfish consumption and health: A comprehensive review of human studies and recommendations for enhanced public policy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4656-4668. [PMID: 33527847 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1878098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Shellfish, including various species of mollusks (e.g., clams, oysters, and mussels) and crustaceans (e.g., shrimp and crab), have been a cornerstone of healthy dietary recommendations. However, beyond providing basic nutrition needs, their health-promoting effects have been suggested to include inflammation reduction and prevention of various chronic non-communicable diseases. Currently, studies on the association between shellfish consumption and health outcomes have reported conflicting results. The present comprehensive review summarized the latest studies on shellfish consumption and synthesized the available evidence on the potential health benefits or risks of shellfish consumption. The findings demonstrated that shellfish consumption may increase the risk of hyperuricemia and gout but may not increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and thyroid cancer. Adequate evidence is lacking on the association between shellfish consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, oral cancer, endometriosis, hip fracture, cognitive function, wheeze, eczema and food allergy. Raw shellfish consumption may cause gastroenteritis and other diseases infected by bacteria or viruses. This review thus provides consumers and other relevant stakeholders with the latest evidence-based information on the potential benefits and risks of shellfish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qngdao, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qngdao, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qngdao, China
| | - Aiguo Ma
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qngdao, China
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14
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Gianì F, Masto R, Trovato MA, Franco A, Pandini G, Vigneri R. Thyroid Stem Cells But Not Differentiated Thyrocytes Are Sensitive to Slightly Increased Concentrations of Heavy Metals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:652675. [PMID: 33953698 PMCID: PMC8092438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.652675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence is markedly increased in volcanic areas where residents are biocontaminated by chronic lifelong exposure to slightly increased metals in the environment. Metals can influence the biology of living cells by a variety of mechanisms, depending not only on the dose and length of exposure but also on the type and stage of differentiation of target cells. We explored the effect of five heavy metals (Cu, Hg, Pd, W and Zn) at nanomolar concentrations (the biocontamination level in residents of the volcanic area in Sicily where thyroid cancer is increased) on stimulating the proliferation of undifferentiated (thyrospheres) and differentiated human thyroid cells. Thyrosphere proliferation was significantly increased after exposure to each individual metal and a greater stimulating effect was observed when a mixture of the examined metals was used. No effect was seen in differentiated thyrocytes. For all metals, the dose-response curve followed a biphasic pattern that is typical of hormesis. Thyrosphere growth concerned the size rather than number, except with the metal mixture. An altered morphology was also observed in metal-treated thyrospheres. Metal-induced proliferation was due to activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, as confirmed by growth inhibition when ERK1/2 signaling was blocked. These studies show that stem/precursor thyroid cells are sensitive to small increases in environmental metal concentrations that are harmless for differentiated thyrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Masto
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Annarita Franco
- Surgical Oncology, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pandini
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
- Crystallography Institute, National Research Council, CNR Catania Section, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Vigneri, ;
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15
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Malandrino P, Russo M, Gianì F, Pellegriti G, Vigneri P, Belfiore A, Rizzarelli E, Vigneri R. Increased Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Volcanic Areas: A Role of Increased Heavy Metals in the Environment? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103425. [PMID: 32408629 PMCID: PMC7279170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence is significantly increased in volcanic areas, where relevant non-anthropogenic pollution with heavy metals is present in the environment. This review will discuss whether chronic lifelong exposure to slightly increased levels of metals can contribute to the increase in thyroid cancer in the residents of a volcanic area. The influence of metals on living cells depends on the physicochemical properties of the metals and their interaction with the target cell metallostasis network, which includes transporters, intracellular binding proteins, and metal-responsive elements. Very little is known about the carcinogenic potential of slightly increased metal levels on the thyroid, which might be more sensitive to mutagenic damage because of its unique biology related to iodine, which is a very reactive and strongly oxidizing agent. Different mechanisms could explain the specific carcinogenic effect of borderline/high environmental levels of metals on the thyroid, including (a) hormesis, the nonlinear response to chemicals causing important biological effects at low concentrations; (b) metal accumulation in the thyroid relative to other tissues; and (c) the specific effects of a mixture of different metals. Recent evidence related to all of these mechanisms is now available, and the data are compatible with a cause–effect relationship between increased metal levels in the environment and an increase in thyroid cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Medical Oncology and the Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cristallography Institute (Catania Section), via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cristallography Institute (Catania Section), via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-759-8747
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16
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Malandrino P, Russo M, Ronchi A, Moretti F, Gianì F, Vigneri P, Masucci R, Pellegriti G, Belfiore A, Vigneri R. Concentration of Metals and Trace Elements in the Normal Human and Rat Thyroid: Comparison with Muscle and Adipose Tissue and Volcanic Versus Control Areas. Thyroid 2020; 30:290-299. [PMID: 31880996 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The concentration of trace elements and metals in the thyroid is the result of exposure, uptake, retention, and clearance. The specificity and selectivity of thyroid capacity to concentrate these elements relative to other tissues are not known. To obtain this information, we measured the tissue concentration of 26 elements in the thyroid, muscle, and fat of euthyroid human subjects and also in normal rats. Methods: At programmed surgery, small (<1 g) tissue fragments were collected in 77 euthyroid subjects. Macroscopically normal thyroid tissue, sternothyroid muscle, and neck subcutaneous fat samples were excised, and thyroid tissue was confirmed to be morphologically normal through microscopy. Tissue specimens (thyroid, hindlimb muscle, and abdominal fat) were also obtained from normal rats. Measurements of trace elements were performed on tissues using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS). Results: Only 19 of the 26 investigated elements were measurable as 7 elements were below the limit of detection. The ranking concentration in human thyroid tissue, not considering iodide, indicated that Zn, Br, Cu, Cr, Se, and Mn represented over 95% of the measured elements. A similar ranking was observed in the rat thyroid. A comparison with other tissues indicated that in addition to I, also Br, Mn, Se, and Sn were significantly more concentrated in the thyroid, and this was also the case for the recognized carcinogens As, Cd, and Hg. As and Hg, but not Cd (which was not detectable in any of the rat tissues), were also more concentrated in the rat thyroid. Since human thyroid specimens were also obtained from residents of a volcanic area, where environmental pollution may cause human biocontamination, we compared the trace element concentration in specimens from the volcanic area with controls. Many trace elements were slightly, but not significantly, increased in the volcanic area specimens. Conclusions: In the normal human thyroid, many trace elements, including Br, Mn, Se, and Sn, and the recognized carcinogens, As, Cd, and Hg, are significantly more concentrated than in muscle and fat of the same individual. Similar data were observed in rats. The reason for the differential element accumulation in the thyroid is unclear; a better understanding may be useful to further clarify thyroid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Ronchi
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology-Toxicology Unit, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institute Spa-SC, IRCCS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy, Roma, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Romilda Masucci
- Surgical Oncology, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
- Section of Catania, Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages of the National Research Council (CNR-IBB), Catania, Italy
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Barrea L, Gallo M, Ruggeri RM, Giacinto PD, Sesti F, Prinzi N, Adinolfi V, Barucca V, Renzelli V, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Baldelli R. Nutritional status and follicular-derived thyroid cancer: An update. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:25-59. [PMID: 31997660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1714542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer has been increasing in the last decades all over the world. Such a steady growth cannot be entirely attributable to more intensive thyroid nodule screening and more sensitive diagnostic procedures. Several environmental factors have changed with sufficient rapidity in the same time frame and may represent credible candidates for this increase. They include modified iodine intake, lifestyle-associated risk factors, exposure to various toxic compounds, pollutants and xenobiotics, nutritional deficiencies, eating habits and comorbidities. Foremost, nutritional patterns have gained high interest as possible promoters and modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer in recent years. The aim of this narrative review is to focus on the relationship between thyroid cancer and nutritional factors, dietary habits and obesity. Low iodine intake has been associated to increased risk of thyroid cancer, favoring the development of more aggressive histotypes. Moreover, correction of iodine deficiency can shift thyroid cancer subtypes toward less aggressive forms, without affecting the overall risk for cancer. Actually, evidence regarding the association between selenium and vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancer is very limited, despite their well-known anti-cancer potentials, and the clinical usefulness of their supplementation is still uncertain in this setting. Albeit the relationship between single foods and thyroid cancer is difficult to examine, fish and iodine-rich foods, vegetables, and fruits might exert protective effects on thyroid cancer risk. Conversely, no clear association has been found for other foods to date. Lastly, a clear association between obesity and the risk of thyroid cancer, with more aggressive behavior, seems to emerge from most studies, likely involving variations in thyroid function and chronic inflammation mediated by cytokines, insulin, leptin and adiponectins. Although no definite association between dietary factors and thyroid cancer has been firmly established so far, some nutritional patterns, together with excessive weight, seem to play a relevant role in thyroid cancer carcinogenesis as well as in its severity and aggressiveness. These effects may play an additive role to the well-established one exerted by environmental carcinogens, such as pollutants and radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Gallo
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Di Giacinto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano, ENETS Center of Excellence, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Adinolfi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, ASL Verbano Cusio Ossola, Domodossola, Italy
| | - Viola Barucca
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Renzelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Baldelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
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Sangsefidi ZS, Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Zakavi SR, Norouzy A, Kashanifar R, Pourbaferani R, Safarian M, Hosseinzadeh M. Major dietary patterns and differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 33:195-201. [PMID: 31451261 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine cancer with an increasing trend worldwide. Dietary pattern as a modifiable factor may be associated with DTC. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the association between major dietary patterns and risk of DTC. METHODS A case control study was conducted among 309 clinic-based participants in northeast of Iran. Dietary data were then collected by a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Further, codified data were analyzed by factor analysis and logistic regression analysis to identify the dietary patterns and to examine the association between dietary patterns and DTC, respectively. RESULTS According to our results, four major dietary patterns including western dietary pattern, traditional dietary pattern, transitional dietary pattern, and healthy dietary pattern were identified. The western dietary pattern was associated with increased odds of DTC after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.01-7.74). However, there was no association between other dietary patterns and DTC after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings showed that western dietary pattern might be associated with DTC. Further studies are recommended to provide more conclusive evidences about the association between dietary patterns and DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Rasoul Zakavi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Norouzy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roxana Kashanifar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raheleh Pourbaferani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Fiore M, Cristaldi A, Okatyeva V, Lo Bianco S, Oliveri Conti G, Zuccarello P, Copat C, Caltabiano R, Cannizzaro M, Ferrante M. Physical Activity and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Catania (South Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081428. [PMID: 31013573 PMCID: PMC6517930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The health benefits of physical activity are well established, but the association between physical activity and thyroid cancer remains poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and thyroid cancer in order to determine type, frequency, and duration of exercise needed to maximize prevention. Method: Cases, diagnosed from January 2009 to July 2018, and controls were enrolled at the University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” of Catania (South Italy). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 106 cases (91.2% papillary type) and 217 controls were enrolled. Physical activity was rare in Catania (32.8%) and was not correlated to risk of total thyroid cancer (OR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.515–1.929). Conversely, walking every day for at least 60 minutes reduced the risk of thyroid cancer (OR: 0.357; 95% CI: 0.157–0.673). Conclusions: Our study showed that daily walking duration was associated with lower risk of thyroid cancer using a case-control study. Unfortunately, the frequency of physical activity often declines with age, particularly among the elderly, thus more research on physical activity adherence is needed to determine which approaches are most effective in promoting sustained physical activity participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cristaldi
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeriya Okatyeva
- General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Lo Bianco
- General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Chiara Copat
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Anatomic Pathology, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cannizzaro
- General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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20
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Li X, Li H, Zhao J, Dai Q, Huang C, Jin L, Yang F, Chen F, Wang O, Gao Y. Plasma ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids in thyroid diseases. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5433-5440. [PMID: 30250615 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidences of nodular goiter (NG), thyroid adenoma (TA), and thyroid cancer (TC) are increasing rapidly; however, the etiologies of these diseases remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the differences in plasma fatty acids among these three thyroid diseases to facilitate etiological research. Four ω-3 and seven ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured from 97 TC, 14 TA and 11 NG patient plasma samples with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Fatty acids levels were expressed as the percentage of each fatty acid out of the total fatty acids evaluated. The present study identified that the level of 22:6n-3 [median, interquartile range (IQR)] was significantly increased in TA (5.2%, 4.3-6.4%) compared with NG (3.6%, 3.1-4.6%) and TC patients (4.2%, 3.2-4.8%). Though not statistically significant, the levels of 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3 demonstrated a similar pattern. The level of 22:4n-6 expressed (median, IQR) was significantly increased in NG patients (0.21%, 0.18-0.26%) compared with TA (0.16%, 0.15-0.18%) and TC (0.17%, 0.14-0.22%) patients. Furthermore the fatty acids 18:3n-6, 20:2n-6, 20:3n-6, 20:4:6, and 22:5n-6 demonstrated a similar but statistically insignificant pattern. This suggests that different fatty acids exhibit various etiological roles in NG, TA and TC and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Qi Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Chaoran Huang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Langping Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fuxue Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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21
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Wang X, Cheng W, Li J, Zhu J. A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and thyroid cancer risk. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55912-55923. [PMID: 27385005 PMCID: PMC5342461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is still inconclusive whether alcohol consumption affects the risk of thyroid cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis of available epidemiological data to address this issue. Results Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidential intervals (CIs) of thyroid cancer were 0.80 (95% CI 0.71-0.90) for any drinkers, 0.81 (95% CI 0.70-0.93) for light and 0.71 (95% CI 0.63-0.79) for moderate drinkers. The dose–response analysis suggested that there is no evidence of a dose-risk relationship between alcohol intaking and thyroid cancer risk (P = 0.112). Methods Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMbase databases. A total of 24 studies, included 9,990 cases with thyroid cancer, were included in this meta-analysis. We defined light alcohol intake as ≤ one drink/day and moderate as >one drink/day. The summary risk estimates were calculated by the random effects model. A dose-response analysis was also conducted for modeling the dose-risk relation. Conclusion This meta-analysis confirmed an inverse association between alcohol consumption and thyroid cancer risk. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenli Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jingdong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Fei X, Lou Z, Christakos G, Liu Q, Ren Y, Wu J. Contribution of industrial density and socioeconomic status to the spatial distribution of thyroid cancer risk in Hangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:679-686. [PMID: 28938210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid cancer (TC) incidence in China has increased dramatically during the last three decades. Typical in this respect is the case of Hangzhou city (China), where 7147 new TC cases were diagnosed during the period 2008-2012. Hence, the assessment of the TC incidence risk increase due to environmental exposure is an important public health matter. METHODS Correlation analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Poisson regression were first used to evaluate the statistical association between TC and key risk factors (industrial density and socioeconomic status). Then, the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) theory and the integrative disease predictability (IDP) criterion were combined to quantitatively assess both the overall and the spatially distributed strength of the "exposure-disease" association. RESULTS Overall, higher socioeconomic status was positively correlated with higher TC risk (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.687, P<0.01). Compared to people of low socioeconomic status, people of median and high socioeconomic status showed higher TC risk: the Relative Risk (RR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) were found to be, respectively, RR=2.29 with 95% CI=1.99 to 2.63, and RR=3.67 with 95% CI=3.22 to 4.19. The "industrial density-TC incidence" correlation, however, was non-significant. Spatially, the "socioeconomic status-TC" association measured by the corresponding IDP coefficient was significant throughout the study area: the mean IDP value was -0.12 and the spatial IDP values were consistently negative at the township level. It was found that stronger associations were distributed among residents mainly on a stripe of land from northeast to southwest (consisting mainly of sub-district areas). The "industrial density-TC" association measured by its IDP coefficient was spatially non-consistent. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic status is an important indicator of TC risk factor in Hangzhou (China) whose effect varies across space. Hence, socioeconomic status shows the highest TC risk effect in sub-district areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Fei
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China; Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohan Lou
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - George Christakos
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China; Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qingmin Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Ren
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China.
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23
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Lv C, Yang Y, Jiang L, Gao L, Rong S, Darko GM, Jiang W, Gao Y, Sun D. Association between chronic exposure to different water iodine and thyroid cancer: A retrospective study from 1995 to 2014. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:735-741. [PMID: 28763670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The controversy that iodine intake may increase the risk of thyroid cancer has heightened over the past twenty years. In this retrospective study, we mainly analyzed the association between water iodine and thyroid cancer and discussed the possible cause of the increase in thyroid cancer. This study was supported by three hospitals in areas with different water iodine concentration. 5574 patients with thyroid disease were recruited, of which 1429 patients had been diagnosed with thyroid cancer. These samples collectively were used to analyze the relationship of incidence and prevalence associated with water iodine. In addition, the ratio of maximum tumor diameter was analyzed. By analyzing the proportion of patients with thyroid cancer in thyroid diseases, we found a decrease in the proportion of thyroid cancer with increasing water iodine (P<0.0001). In addition, there was no significant correlation between the median water iodine and the prevalence of thyroid cancer, including papillary thyroid cancer (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the 5years' cumulative incidence of thyroid cancer increased with years (P<0.01). Comparing Cao county and Shan county, which are areas with high water iodine, to adequate iodine area such as in Mudan district, an increasing incidence is observed in 2010-2014 in Mudan district. Again, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of thyroid cancer with tumor size <1cm (P<0.01). Therefore, we concluded that cause(s) of increase in thyroid cancer may be ascribed to the sensitive diagnostic techniques and the improvement of living condition, but not water iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Lv
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lixin Jiang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shengzhong Rong
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gottfried M Darko
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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24
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Vigneri R, Malandrino P, Gianì F, Russo M, Vigneri P. Heavy metals in the volcanic environment and thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:73-80. [PMID: 27794445 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades thyroid cancer incidence has increased worldwide more than any other cancer. Overdiagnosis of subclinical microcarcinomas has certainly contributed to this increase but many evidences indicate that a true increase, possibly due to environmental factors, has also occurred. Thyroid cancer incidence is markedly increased in volcanic areas. Thus, the volcanic environment is a good model to investigate the possible factors favoring thyroid cancer. In the volcanic area of Mt. Etna in Sicily, as well as in other volcanic areas, a non-anthropogenic pollution with heavy metals has been documented, a consequence of gas, ash and lava emission. Soil, water and atmosphere contamination, via the food chain, biocontaminate the residents as documented by high levels in the urines and the scalp hair compared to individuals living in adjacent non-volcanic areas. Trace amounts of metals are essential nutrients but, at higher concentrations, can be toxic for living cells. Metals can behave both as endocrine disruptors, perturbing the hormonal system, and as carcinogens, promoting malignant transformation. Similarly to other carcinogens, the transforming effect of heavy metals is higher in developing organisms as the fetus (contaminated via the mother) and individuals in early childhood. In the last decades environment metal pollution has greatly increased in industrialized countries. Although still within the "normal" limits for each single metal the hormesis effect (heavy metal activity at very low concentration because of biphasic, non linear cell response) and the possible potentiation effect resulting from the mixture of different metals acting synergistically can explain cell damage at very low concentrations. The effect of metals on the human thyroid is poorly studied: for some heavy metals no data are available. The scarce studies that have been performed mainly focus on metal effect as thyroid endocrine disruptors. The metal concentration in tissues has been rarely measured in the thyroid. Heavy metal accumulation and metabolism in the thyroid or the carcinogenic activity of different doses and different speciation of metals has not been investigated. These studies are now warranted to better understand thyroid biology and heavy metal role in human thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; Humanitas, Catania Oncology Center, Via V. E. Dabormida, 64, 95126 Catania, Italy; CNR, Institute of Bioimages and Biostructures, Via P Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - P Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - F Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - M Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - P Vigneri
- Medical Oncology, University of Catania Medical School, Policlinico Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
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25
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhou Z, Wu C, Liu Z, Hao L, Fan S, Jiang F, Xie Y, Jiang L. Low dose of Bisphenol A enhance the susceptibility of thyroid carcinoma stimulated by DHPN and iodine excess in F344 rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69874-69887. [PMID: 29050248 PMCID: PMC5642523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrine neoplasm. The risk of TC as a second primary malignancy (SPM) of breast cancer is significantly increased. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely contacted xenoestrogen and increases susceptibility to breast cancer through binding to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). However, the effect of BPA on thyroid carcinogenesis has not been fully demonstrated. This present study aimed to characterize the effects of BPA on the development of TC using a Fischer 344 (F344) rat model. In this study, we established a TC model using female F344 rats pretreated with N-Bis (2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN) at a single dose of 2800 mg/kg (the DA group) or without DHPN (the DN group), followed by stimulation with BPA at the level of 250 μg/kg (BPA250) or 1000 μg/kg (BPA1000) and a basic diet containing potassium iodine (KI, 1000 μg/L) for 64 weeks. We demonstrated that the incidence of TC in the BPA250 + KI of DA groups reached the highest at 50%, the incidence of thyroid hyperplasia lesions (including both tumors and focal hyperplasia lesions) in the BPA1000 + KI of DA groups reached 100% (P < 0.05). ERα protein and immunochemistry expression was upregulated in the BPA-exposed groups and the immunochemistry scores were positively correlated with PCNA. Thus, the present results indicate that BPA could enhance the susceptibility to TC stimulated by DHPN and iodine excess. ERα is probably involved in the proliferation effect of BPA. BPA or KI alone could not increase TC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Department of Hemodialysis, Heze Municipical Hospital, Heze 274000, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Heze Medical College, Heze 274000, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China0
| | - Chuanlong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lanxiang Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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26
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Luca E, Fici L, Ronchi A, Marandino F, Rossi ED, Caristo ME, Malandrino P, Russo M, Pontecorvi A, Vigneri R, Moretti F. Intake of Boron, Cadmium, and Molybdenum enhances rat thyroid cell transformation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:73. [PMID: 28577555 PMCID: PMC5455132 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic data in volcanic areas suggest that environmental factors might be involved in the increase of thyroid cancer (TC) incidence. Recent reports indicate that several heavy metals and metalloids are increased in volcanic areas. This study aims to evaluate the combined effect of three of these elements Boron (B), Cadmium (Cd), and Molybdenum (Mo) - all increased in the volcanic area of Mt. Etna, in Italy - on thyroid tumorigenesis in the rat. Methods Female Wistar rats prone to develop thyroid tumors by low-iodine diet and methimazole treatment received ad libitum drinking water supplemented with B, Cd, and Mo at concentrations in the range found in the urine samples of residents of the volcanic area. At 5 and 10 months animals were euthanized, and their thyroid analysed. Statistical analysis was performed with a 2-way unpaired t-test. Results No toxic effect of the three elements on the growth of the animals was observed. A significant increase of histological features of transformation was observed in thyroid follicular cells of rats treated with B, Cd, and Mo compared with those of control group. These abnormalities were associated with decreased iodine content in the thyroid. Conclusions This study provides the evidence that slightly increased environmental concentrations of B, Cd, and Mo can accelerate the appearance of transformation marks in the thyroid gland of hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Luca
- Institute of Pathology and Postgraduate School of Endocrinology, Catholic University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fici
- Institute of Pathology and Postgraduate School of Endocrinology, Catholic University of Roma, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Ronchi
- National Center of Tossicology, IRCCS Foundation Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Marandino
- Department of Surgical Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Diana Rossi
- Institute of Pathology and Postgraduate School of Endocrinology, Catholic University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Emiliana Caristo
- Institute of Pathology and Postgraduate School of Endocrinology, Catholic University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo, 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo, 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Institute of Pathology and Postgraduate School of Endocrinology, Catholic University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo, 636, 95122, Catania, Italy. .,Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, (CNR), Catania, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy. .,"Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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27
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Cao LZ, Peng XD, Xie JP, Yang FH, Wen HL, Li S. The relationship between iodine intake and the risk of thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6734. [PMID: 28514290 PMCID: PMC5440127 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. The relationship between iodine intake and TC risk is controversial always. We aim to figure out the relationship between iodine intake and TC using meta-analysis. Literature research in MEDLINE, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China BioMedicine was performed up to April 2016, searched for relevant case-control and cohort studies. The effect of iodine consumption on the risk of TC was assessed using the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The meta-analysis included 8 case-control studies (n = 4974; 2213 cases; 2761 controls). More than adequate or excess iodine intake (>300 μg/d) decreased the risk of TC (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60, 0.92). High consumption of saltwater fish or shellfish decreased the risk of TC (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55, 0.95; OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52, 0.96; respectively). A higher intake of dietary iodine was as a protective factor for TC. However, the available data are very limited and more studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zhi Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
| | - Xiao-Dong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology of the Health Ministry, Basic and Forensic School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
| | - Fan-Hui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
| | - Hu-Ling Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
| | - Suping Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong
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Abstract
Thyroid neoplasms encompass a variety of lesions that range from benign adenomas to malignancies. These latter can be well-differentiated, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomas. More than 95% of thyroid cancers are derived from thyroid follicular cells, while 2-3% (medullary thyroid cancers, MTC) originate from calcitonin producing C-cells. Over the last decade, investigators have developed a clearer understanding of genetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis. A number of point mutations and translocations are involved, not only in its tumorigenesis, but also as have potential use as diagnostic and prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. Many occur in genes for several important signaling pathways, in particular the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Sporadic (isolated) lesions account for 75% of MTC cases, while inherited MTC, often in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and 2B syndromes, constitute the remainder. However, non-MEN familial MTC may also occur. Advances in genetic testing have revolutionized the management of MTC, with prospects of genetic screening, testing and early prophylactic thyroidectomy. Ethical concerns of these advances are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Younis
- King Hussein Cancer center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan.
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Pagano L, Mele C, Arpaia D, Samà MT, Caputo M, Ippolito S, Peirce C, Prodam F, Valente G, Ciancia G, Aimaretti G, Biondi B. How do etiological factors can explain the different clinical features of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and their histopathological findings? Endocrine 2017; 56:129-137. [PMID: 27230768 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to retrospectively analyse the clinical-histopathological characteristics of patients with newly diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) referred to two Italian centres, one in Northern and the other in Southern Italy, between 2000 and 2013. 1081 patients were included and subdivided into two groups: group A (474 patients from Novara) and group B (607 patients from Naples). The group A came from the industrial area of Novara, while the Group B came from the areas around Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei. The two groups were comparable for iodine levels, body mass index, diagnostic timing and clinical procedures. For all patients, demographic and clinical data were collected. No difference was found in gender, whereas the age at diagnosis was later in the group A (group A 53.1 ± 15.16 years, group B 41.9 ± 14.25 years, p < 0.001). In both groups, the most frequent histotype was papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with prevalence of follicular variant in group A (p < 0.0001) and classical variant in group B (p < 0.0001). Aggressive histological features were mainly seen in group A (bilaterality p < 0.0001, multifocality p < 0.0001 and thyroid capsular invasion p < 0.0001). Microcarcinomas were more frequent in group A (p < 0.0001) but mostly characterized by bilaterality (p < 0.001) and multifocality (p < 0.04). In both groups, tumour-associated thyroiditis showed a significant increase over the years (group A p < 0.05, group B p < 0.04). Environmental factors could justify the differences found in our study. These preliminary data should stimulate the need for an Italian Cancer Registry of DTC in order to allow an epidemiological characterization, allowing the identification of specific etiological factors and an improvement in the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Pagano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Debora Arpaia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Samà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marina Caputo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Ippolito
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Peirce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Valente
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciancia
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Bernadette Biondi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Liu Y, Su L, Xiao H. Review of Factors Related to the Thyroid Cancer Epidemic. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:5308635. [PMID: 28555155 PMCID: PMC5438865 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5308635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, of which the incidence has dramatically increased worldwide in the past few decades. The reasons for the observed rapid increase still are not fully understood, but evidence suggests that overdiagnosis, with the advancement in detection methods and screening policies, is not the sole driver of the substantial increase of the incidence. However, the effect of environmental/lifestyle factors remains speculative other than that of radiation exposure at a young age. This review tries to give a balanced view of debated factors leading to the thyroid cancer epidemic, to offer some alternatives in understanding the controversies, and to suggest potential directions in the search of modifiable risk factors to help reduce thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
- *Haipeng Xiao:
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Tavarelli M, Malandrino P, Vigneri P, Richiusa P, Maniglia A, Violi MA, Sapuppo G, Vella V, Dardanoni G, Vigneri R, Pellegriti G. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in Sicily: The Role of Environmental Characteristics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:277. [PMID: 29123502 PMCID: PMC5662896 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but extremely aggressive cancer of the thyroid, contributing up to 30-40% of thyroid cancer-specific mortality. We analyzed ATC characteristics and survival rates in Sicily to evaluate the possible influence of environmental factors. With this aim, data regarding ATC incidences in urban/rural and industrial, iodine-deficient, and volcanic vs control areas were compared in Sicily as well as ATC data from Sicily and USA. METHODS Using the Sicilian Register of Thyroid Cancer (SRTC) database incidence, age, gender, tumor size and histotype, extrathyroidal extension, stage, and coexistence with pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) were evaluated in different areas of Sicily and also compared with Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data in USA. RESULTS Forty-three ATCs were identified in Sicily in the period 2002-2009. In our series only age <70 years at diagnosis (p = 0.01), coexistence with DTC (p = 0.027) and tumor size ≤6 cm (p = 0.012) were significant factors for increased survival at univariate analysis (only age at multivariate analysis). No difference in ATC incidence was found in urban vs rural areas and in iodine-deficient and industrial vs control areas. By contrast, in the volcanic area of Sicily, where DTC incidence is doubled relative to the rest of the island, also ATC incidence was increased. ATC data in Sicily were similar to those reported in the same period in the USA where overall survival rate at 6 and 12 months, however, was smaller. CONCLUSION The similar ATC data observed in Sicily and USA (having different genetic background and lifestyle) and the increased ATC incidence in the volcanic area of Sicily paralleling the increased incidence of papillary thyroid cancer are compatible with the possibility that casual additional mutations, more frequent in a background of increased cell replication like DCT, are the major causes of ATC rather than genetic background and/or direct environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tavarelli
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinic Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Pierina Richiusa
- Endocrinology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adele Maniglia
- Endocrinology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A. Violi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Sapuppo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- Motor Sciences, School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University, Enna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Dardanoni
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico Regionale, Assessorato Salute Regione Siciliana, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gabriella Pellegriti,
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) refer to a series of diseases caused by the human body's insufficient iodine intake. Edible salt became iodized in China in 1996, which yielded remarkable results. We have known that IDDs is associated with iodine in the human body, but it is not clear whether IDDs is related to medical resource level. METHODS We collected the number of IDDs cases and an index for the level of medical resource from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in China. All data came from the China Statistical Yearbook of Health and Family Planning issued in 2013 by the Peking Union Medical College Publishing House. Data standardization and linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS The results showed that IDDs correlated with the number of beds in medical and health institutions, number of medical health personnel, number of medical and health institutions, total health expenditure, average health expenditure per capita, medical insurance for urban resident and new rural cooperative medical rural residents (P < 0.01). In a multiple linear regression, IDDs was most significantly associated with the number of beds in hospitals, the number of rural health personnel, the number of basic medical and health institutions and government health expenditure for these institutions. CONCLUSION Based on the experimental data, we concluded that IDDs had a positive connection with the medical resource level, and basic and rural areas had a more significant association with IDDs. This analysis provides new and explicit ideas for iodine prevention and control work in China.
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Fei X, Wu J, Liu Q, Ren Y, Lou Z. Spatiotemporal analysis and risk assessment of thyroid cancer in Hangzhou, China. STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT 2016; 30:2155-2168. [DOI: 10.1007/s00477-015-1123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
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Malandrino P, Russo M, Ronchi A, Minoia C, Cataldo D, Regalbuto C, Giordano C, Attard M, Squatrito S, Trimarchi F, Vigneri R. Increased thyroid cancer incidence in a basaltic volcanic area is associated with non-anthropogenic pollution and biocontamination. Endocrine 2016; 53:471-9. [PMID: 26438396 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The increased thyroid cancer incidence in volcanic areas suggests an environmental effect of volcanic-originated carcinogens. To address this problem, we evaluated environmental pollution and biocontamination in a volcanic area of Sicily with increased thyroid cancer incidence. Thyroid cancer epidemiology was obtained from the Sicilian Regional Registry for Thyroid Cancer. Twenty-seven trace elements were measured by quadrupole mass spectrometry in the drinking water and lichens (to characterize environmental pollution) and in the urine of residents (to identify biocontamination) in the Mt. Etna volcanic area and in adjacent control areas. Thyroid cancer incidence was 18.5 and 9.6/10(5) inhabitants in the volcanic and the control areas, respectively. The increase was exclusively due to the papillary histotype. Compared with control areas, in the volcanic area many trace elements were increased in both drinking water and lichens, indicating both water and atmospheric pollution. Differences were greater for water. Additionally, in the urine of the residents of the volcanic area, the average levels of many trace elements were significantly increased, with values higher two-fold or more than in residents of the control area: cadmium (×2.1), mercury (×2.6), manganese (×3.0), palladium (×9.0), thallium (×2.0), uranium (×2.0), vanadium (×8.0), and tungsten (×2.4). Urine concentrations were significantly correlated with values in water but not in lichens. Our findings reveal a complex non-anthropogenic biocontamination with many trace elements in residents of an active volcanic area where thyroid cancer incidence is increased. The possible carcinogenic effect of these chemicals on the thyroid and other tissues cannot be excluded and should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy.
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Ronchi
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Center, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Minoia
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Center, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cataldo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetto Regalbuto
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal and Specialist Biomedicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Attard
- Unit of Endocrinology, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia, Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Squatrito
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Trimarchi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
- Humanitas, Catania Oncoloy Center, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR (National Research Council), Catania, Italy
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Li L, Gan Y, Li W, Wu C, Lu Z. Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1786-802. [PMID: 27392541 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have repeatedly investigated the association between excess body weight and the risk of biliary tract cancer with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the associations between overweight and obesity and the risk of biliary tract cancer. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to August 2015 was conducted, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for additional relevant studies were manually searched. RESULTS Fourteen prospective cohort studies and 15 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. These studies included 11,448,397 participants (6,733 patients with gallbladder cancer [GBC] and 5,798 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer [EBDC]) with follow-up durations ranging from 5 to 23 years. Among overweight adults, the pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07-1.28) for GBC and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.39) for EBDC, and among people with obesity, the pooled RR was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.49-1.75) for GBC and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.21-1.81) for EBDC. Visual inspection of the funnel plots and the Begg's and the Egger's tests did not show enough evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Integrated evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that excess body weight is associated with a significantly increased risk of GBC and EBDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Xhaard C, Lence-Anta JJ, Ren Y, Borson-Chazot F, Sassolas G, Schvartz C, Colonna M, Lacour B, Danzon A, Velten M, Clero E, Maillard S, Marrer E, Bailly L, Mariné Barjoan E, Schlumberger M, Orgiazzi J, Adjadj E, Pereda CM, Turcios S, Velasco M, Chappe M, Infante I, Bustillo M, García A, Salazar S, Rodriguez R, Benadjaoud MA, Ortiz RM, Rubino C, de Vathaire F. Recreational Physical Activity and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Two Case-Control Studies. Eur Thyroid J 2016; 5:132-8. [PMID: 27493888 PMCID: PMC4949366 DOI: 10.1159/000445887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity has been hypothesized to influence cancer occurrence through several mechanisms. To date, its relation with thyroid cancer risk has been examined in relatively few studies. We pooled 2 case-control studies conducted in Cuba and Eastern France to assess the relationship between self-reported practice of recreational physical activity since childhood and thyroid cancer risk. METHODS This pooled study included 1,008 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) matched with 1,088 controls (age range 9-35 and 17-60 years in the French and Cuban studies, respectively). Risk factors associated with the practice of recreational physical activity were estimated using OR and 95% CI. Logistic regressions were stratified by age class, country, and gender and were adjusted for ethnic group, level of education, number of pregnancies for women, height, BMI, and smoking status. RESULTS Overall, the risk of thyroid cancer was slightly reduced among subjects who reported recreational physical activity (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.5-1.0). The weekly frequency (i.e. h/week) seems to be more relevant than the duration (years). CONCLUSION Long-term recreational physical activity, practiced since childhood, may reduce the DTC risk. However, the mechanisms whereby the DTC risk decreases are not yet entirely clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Xhaard
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Yan Ren
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Bron, France
- Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Geneviève Sassolas
- Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Schvartz
- Thyroid Cancer Registry of Champagne-Ardennes, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France
| | | | - Brigitte Lacour
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours, CHU, Nancy, France
| | - Arlette Danzon
- Cancer Registry of Doubs, EA 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Michel Velten
- Cancer Registry of Bas-Rhin, EA 3430, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Enora Clero
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphane Maillard
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Marrer
- Cancer Registry of Haut-Rhin, Mulhouse Hospital, Mulhouse, France
| | - Laurent Bailly
- Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Orgiazzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Adjadj
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Celia M. Pereda
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Milagros Velasco
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Mae Chappe
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Idalmis Infante
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Marlene Bustillo
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Anabel García
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Sirced Salazar
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Rosa M. Ortiz
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Carole Rubino
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- *Florent de Vathaire, Radiation Epidemiology Group, U1018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Rue Edouard Vaillant, FR–94805 Villejuif (France), E-Mail
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Fei X, Christakos G, Lou Z, Ren Y, Liu Q, Wu J. Spatiotemporal Co-existence of Female Thyroid and Breast Cancers in Hangzhou, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28524. [PMID: 27341638 PMCID: PMC4920092 DOI: 10.1038/srep28524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid and breast cancers (TC, BC) are common female malignant tumors worldwide. Studies suggest that TC patients have a higher BC risk, and vice versa. However, it has not been investigated quantitatively if there is an association between the space-time TC and BC incidence distributions at the population level. This work aims to answer this question. 5358 TC and 8784 BC (female) cases were diagnosed in Hangzhou (China, 2008-2012). Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficients of the TC and BC incidences were high, and their patterns were geographically similar. The spatiotemporal co-existence of TC and BC distributions was investigated using the integrative disease predictability (IDP) criterion: if TC-BC association is part of the disease mapping knowledge bases, it should yield improved space-time incidence predictions. Improved TC (BC) incidence predictions were generated when integrating both TC and BC data than when using only TC (BC) data. IDP consistently demonstrated the spatiotemporal co-existence of TC and BC distributions throughout Hangzhou (2008-2012), which means that when the population experiences high incidences of one kind of cancer attention should be paid to the other kind of cancer too. The strength of TC-BC association was measured by the IDP coefficients and incidence prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Fei
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - George Christakos
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhaohan Lou
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yanjun Ren
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
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Prokopakis EP, Lachanas VA, Velegrakis GA, Tsiftsis DD, Moschandreas J, Chalkiadakis GE. Increased incidence of papillary thyroid cancer among total thyroidectomies in Crete. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 136:560-2. [PMID: 17418251 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the increased incidence of papillary thyroid cancer as found in specimens of total thyroidectomies and potential correlation with etiological factors. Study Design And Setting A retrospective study on patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, from 1990 to 2004, in an academic tertiary referral medical center. Patients' records were placed in a database, which included medical condition, history, and demographics. Histopathological slides were reviewed with special focus on papillary cancer. Results Our series consisted of 2379 patients. Thyroid cancer was confirmed in 354 patients (14.88%). Papillary carcinoma represented the most frequent type (316 patients, 89.26%). Increased incidence of papillary carcinomas was noticed after 1995, reaching the maximum value in the year 2000. After 2000, there was a descending trend and then a plateau. Conclusion The increased incidence of papillary thyroid cannot be attributed to dietary patterns or increased diagnostic and therapeutic activity. It is likely to be associated with increased radiation and may be associated with the Chernobyl fallout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel P Prokopakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Altekruse S, Das A, Cho H, Petkov V, Yu M. Do US thyroid cancer incidence rates increase with socioeconomic status among people with health insurance? An observational study using SEER population-based data. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e009843. [PMID: 26644126 PMCID: PMC4679945 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The US thyroid cancer incidence rates are rising while mortality remains stable. Trends are driven by papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the predominant cancer subtype which has a very good prognosis. We hypothesised that health insurance and high census tract socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with PTC risk. DESIGN Relationships between thyroid cancer incidence, insurance and census tract SES during 2007-2010 were examined in population-based cancer registries. Cases were stratified by tumour histology, size and demography. SETTING Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries covering 30% of the US population. RESULTS PTCs accounted for 88% of incident thyroid cancer cases. Small PTCs (≤ 2 cm) accounted for 60% of cases. Unlike non-PTC cases, the majority of those diagnosed with PTC were <50 years of age and had ≤ 2 cm tumours. Rate ratios (RR) of PTC diagnoses increased monotonically with SES among fully insured cases. The effect was strongest for small PTCs, high-SES versus low-SES quintile RR=2.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 2.9, two-sided trend test p<0.0001. For small PTC cases with insurance, the monotonic increase in incidence rates with rising SES persisted among cases younger than 50 years of age (RR=3.3, 95% CI 3.0 to 3.5), women (RR=2.6, 95% CI 2.5 to 2.8) and Caucasians (RR=2.5, 95% CI 2.4 to 2.7). Among the less than fully insured, rates generally decreased with increasing SES. CONCLUSIONS The >2.5-fold increase in risk of PTC diagnosis among insured individuals associated with high SES may be informative with respect to the contemporary issue of PTC overdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Altekruse
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita Das
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyunsoon Cho
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea Department of Cancer Control and Policy; Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Valentina Petkov
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mandi Yu
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Brinton LA, Moghissi KS, Scoccia B, Lamb EJ, Trabert B, Niwa S, Ruggieri D, Westhoff CL. Effects of fertility drugs on cancers other than breast and gynecologic malignancies. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:980-988. [PMID: 26232746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of ovulation-stimulating drugs to risk of cancers other than breast and gynecologic malignancies. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study, with additional follow-up since initial report. SETTING Reproductive endocrinology practices. PATIENT(S) Among a cohort of 12,193 women evaluated for infertility between 1965 and 1988, a total of 9,892 women (81.1% of the eligible population) were followed through 2010, via passive and active (questionnaire) approaches. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various fertility treatment parameters for select cancers. RESULT(S) During 30.0 median years of follow-up (285,332 person-years), 91 colorectal cancers, 84 lung cancers, 55 thyroid cancers, and 70 melanomas were diagnosed among study subjects. Clomiphene citrate (CC), used by 38.1% of patients, was not associated with colorectal or lung cancer risks, but was related significantly to melanoma (HR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.18-3.22), and non-significantly to thyroid cancer risks (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 0.89-2.75). The highest melanoma risks were seen among those with the lowest drug exposure levels, but thyroid cancer risk was greatest among the heavily exposed patients (HR = 1.96; 95% CI: 0.92-4.17 for those receiving >2,250 mg). Clomiphene citrate-associated risks for thyroid cancer were somewhat higher among nulligravid, compared with gravid, women, but did not differ according to distinct causes of infertility. Gonadotropins, used by only 9.7% of subjects, were not related to risk of any of the assessed cancers. CONCLUSION(S) Our results provide support for continued monitoring of both melanoma and thyroid cancer risk among patients receiving fertility drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Kamran S Moghissi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bert Scoccia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Carolyn L Westhoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Zimmermann MB, Galetti V. Iodine intake as a risk factor for thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Thyroid Res 2015; 8:8. [PMID: 26146517 PMCID: PMC4490680 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-015-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy and in most countries, incidence rates are increasing. Although differences in population iodine intake are a determinant of benign thyroid disorders, the role of iodine intake in TC remains uncertain. We review the evidence linking iodine intake and TC from animal studies, ecological studies of iodine intake and differentiated and undifferentiated TC, iodine intake and mortality from TC and occult TC at autopsy, as well as the case–control and cohort studies of TC and intake of seafood and milk products. We perform a new meta-analysis of pooled measures of effect from case–control studies of total iodine intake and TC. Finally, we examine the post-Chernobyl studies linking iodine status and risk of TC after radiation exposure. The available evidence suggests iodine deficiency is a risk factor for TC, particularly for follicular TC and possibly, for anaplastic TC. This conclusion is based on: a) consistent data showing an increase in TC (mainly follicular) in iodine deficient animals; b) a plausible mechanism (chronic TSH stimulation induced by iodine deficiency); c) consistent data from before and after studies of iodine prophylaxis showing a decrease in follicular TC and anaplastic TC; d) the indirect association between changes in iodine intake and TC mortality in the decade from 2000 to 2010; e) the autopsy studies of occult TC showing higher microcarcinoma rates with lower iodine intakes; and f) the case control studies suggesting lower risk of TC with higher total iodine intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, LFV D21, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Galetti
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, LFV E14, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Maier TM, Schober O, Gerß J, Görlich D, Wenning C, Schaefers M, Riemann B, Vrachimis A. Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients More Than 60 Years Old Paradoxically Show an Increased Life Expectancy. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:190-5. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.150284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Garai J, Uddo RB, Mohler MC, Pelligrino N, Scribner R, Sothern MS, Zabaleta J. At the crossroad between obesity and gastric cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:689-707. [PMID: 25421687 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide with disproportionate prevalence in different communities and ethnic groups. Recently, the American Medical Association recognized obesity as a disease, which is a significant milestone that opens the possibilities of treating obesity under standardized health plans. Obesity is an inflammatory disease characterized by elevated levels of biomarkers associated with abnormal lipid profiles, glucose levels, and blood pressure that lead to the onset of metabolic syndrome. Interestingly, inflammatory biomarkers, in particular, have been implicated in the risk of developing several types of cancer. Likewise, obesity has been linked to esophageal, breast, gallbladder, kidney, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Thus, there exists a link between obesity status and tumor appearance, which may be associated to the differential levels and the circulating profiles of several inflammatory molecules. For example, mediators of the inflammatory responses in both obesity and gastric cancer risk are the same: pro-inflammatory molecules produced by the activated cells infiltrating the inflamed tissues. These molecules trigger pathways of activation shared by obesity and cancer. Therefore, understanding how these different pathways are modulated would help reduce the impact that both diseases, and their concomitant existence, have on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Garai
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Xie SH, Chen J, Zhang B, Wang F, Li SS, Xie CH, Tse LA, Cheng JQ. Time trends and age-period-cohort analyses on incidence rates of thyroid cancer in Shanghai and Hong Kong. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:975. [PMID: 25519305 PMCID: PMC4301456 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing incidence rates of thyroid cancer have been noted worldwide, while the underlying reasons remain unclear. Methods Using data from population-based cancer registries, we examined the time trends of thyroid cancer incidence in two largest cities in China, Shanghai and Hong Kong, during the periods 1973–2009 and 1983–2011, respectively. We further performed age-period-cohort analyses to address the possible underlying reasons for the observed temporal trends. Results We observed continuous increases in the incidence rates of thyroid cancer in Shanghai and Hong Kong, since the 1980s, in addition to higher incidence rates in the 1970s in both sexes in Shanghai. The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased by 3.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0%, 5.1%] and 3.8% (95% CI: 1.9%, 5.7%) per year on average, respectively, in Shanghai men and women during the period 1973–2009, while it increased by 2.2% (95% CI: 1.5%, 2.8%) and 2.7% (1.6%, 3.8%) per year on average, respectively, in Hong Kong men and women during the period 1983–2011. We observed global changes in trends across all age groups in similar ways, in addition to varied trends across different generations (birth cohorts). Conclusions The increased incidence rates of thyroid cancer in these two Chinese populations during recent decades may be contributable to a combination of the introduction of more sensitive diagnostic techniques and the increasing prevalence of environmental exposures in the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lap-Ah Tse
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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Zhou YQ, Zhou Z, Qian MF, Gong T, Wang JD. Association of thyroid carcinoma with pregnancy: A meta-analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:341-346. [PMID: 25798264 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of scholars reported that reproductive factors play a significant role in thyroid cancer and the correlation between the two may affect the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma during pregnancy. To determine whether pregnancy reproductive factors affect thyroid carcinoma, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that investigated the association between pregnancy factors and thyroid carcinoma. PubMed, OVID and the Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to April 1st, 2013. The searched publications mainly investigated reproductive factors and the morbidity or prognosis of female thyroid carcinoma. The studies were filtered by predetermined standards and the quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale inventory. Two researchers independently extracted information on first author, year of publication, study design (case-control or prospective cohort), compared populations, inclusion and exclusion criteria and total sample size. Other researchers assessed the studies for publication bias and performed statistical analyses. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. A total of 21 studies were selected for the meta-analysis, including 406,329 cases in total. Compared to the control group, the risk of thyroid carcinoma in women with a history of pregnancy was not significantly discrepant, [odds ratio (OR)=1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91-1.11]. However, the risk of thyroid carcinoma in women with a history of ≥ 3 pregnancies was significantly increased (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.21-1.59). Furthermore, an interval of ≤ 5 years since the last pregnancy was closely associated with thyroid carcinoma (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.29-1.81). The patients developed thyroid carcinoma during pregnancy did not exhibit an increased risk of lymphatic metastasis (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.53-1.67); the risk of distant metastasis also did not increase significantly (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.86-1.24). Therefore, multiple pregnancies and a ≤ 5-year interval between pregnancies were identified as high-risk factors for thyroid carcinoma, whereas thyroid carcinoma during pregnancy was not associated with a significant risk of lymphatic and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Z Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - M F Qian
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - T Gong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - J D Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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La Vecchia C, Malvezzi M, Bosetti C, Garavello W, Bertuccio P, Levi F, Negri E. Thyroid cancer mortality and incidence: a global overview. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2187-95. [PMID: 25284703 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In most areas of the world, thyroid cancer incidence has been appreciably increasing over the last few decades, whereas mortality has steadily declined. We updated global trends in thyroid cancer mortality and incidence using official mortality data from the World Health Organization (1970-2012) and incidence data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (1960-2007). Male mortality declined in all the major countries considered, with annual percent changes around -2/-3% over the last decades. Only in the United States mortality declined up to the mid 1980s and increased thereafter. Similarly, in women mortality declined in most countries considered, with APCs around -2/-5% over the last decades, with the exception of the UK, the United States and Australia, where mortality has been declining up to the late 1980s/late 1990s to level off (or increase) thereafter. In 2008-2012, most countries had mortality rates (age-standardized, world population) between 0.20 and 0.40/100,000 men and 0.20 and 0.60/100,000 women, the highest rates being in Latvia, Hungary, the Republic of Moldova and Israel (over 0.40/100,000) for men and in Ecuador, Colombia and Israel (over 0.60/100,000) for women. In most countries, a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer (mainly papillary carcinomas) was observed in both sexes. The declines in thyroid cancer mortality reflect both variations in risk factor exposure and changes in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, while the increases in the incidence are likely due to the increase in the detection of this neoplasm over the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Marcello MA, Malandrino P, Almeida JFM, Martins MB, Cunha LL, Bufalo NE, Pellegriti G, Ward LS. The influence of the environment on the development of thyroid tumors: a new appraisal. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:T235-54. [PMID: 24948559 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most epidemiological studies concerning differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) indicate an increasing incidence over the last two decades. This increase might be partially explained by the better access to health services worldwide, but clinicopathological analyses do not fully support this hypothesis, indicating that there are carcinogenetic factors behind this noticeable increasing incidence. Although we have undoubtedly understood the biology and molecular pathways underlying thyroid carcinogenesis in a better way, we have made very little progresses in identifying a risk profile for DTC, and our knowledge of risk factors is very similar to what we knew 30-40 years ago. In addition to ionizing radiation exposure, the most documented and established risk factor for DTC, we also investigated the role of other factors, including eating habits, tobacco smoking, living in a volcanic area, xenobiotics, and viruses, which could be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, thus, contributing to the increase in DTC incidence rates observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Marcello
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P Malandrino
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - J F M Almeida
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M B Martins
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L L Cunha
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - N E Bufalo
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Pellegriti
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L S Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Liu ZT, Lin AH. Dietary Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1165-78. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.951734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Thyroid cancer risk and smoking status: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:1187-95. [PMID: 24981099 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous researchers have reported an inverse association between cigarette smoking and thyroid cancer risk. To summarize the role of smoking in relation to thyroid cancer occurrence, we conducted a meta-analysis. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of 31 eligible studies to summarize the data describing the association between thyroid cancer occurrence and smoking. The case-control studies consisted of 6,260 thyroid cancer cases and 32,935 controls. Cohort studies contained 2,715 thyroid cancer patients that participated from recruitment to follow-up. Q-statistic and I (2) statistic were calculated to examine heterogeneity. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated via subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and publication biases were estimated. RESULTS Thyroid cancer risk was reduced in persons who had ever-smoked (RR = 0.79; 95 % CI 0.70-0.88) compared with never-smokers. However, strong evidence of heterogeneity was found among the investigated studies; therefore, subgroup analyses were conducted according to study type, smoking status, study location, source of controls, sex, and histological type of thyroid cancer. When the data were stratified by smoking status, an inverse association was observed only among current smokers (RR = 0.74; 95 % CI 0.64-0.86), not former smokers (RR = 1.01; 95 % CI 0.92-1.10). An inverse association was observed only in case-control studies (RR = 0.75; 95 % CI 0.66-0.85). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of geographically diverse epidemiological data suggests that smoking, particularly current smoking, may influence susceptibility to thyroid cancer. Further well-designed studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted.
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