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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Exp Med. Dec 20, 2025; 15(4): 110936
Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.110936
Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.110936
Efficacy of beta-blockers in the treatment of hematidrosis: A systematic review
Ahmet Alperen Palabiyik, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ardahan University, Çamlıçatak, Ardahan 75002, Turkey, Ardahan 75000, Türkiye
Author contributions: Palabiyik AA designed the study, performed data extraction and analysis, and wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author reported no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ahmet Alperen Palabiyik, PhD, Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ardahan University, Çamlıçatak District, Çamlıçatak, Ardahan 75002, Türkiye. ahmetalperenpalabiyik@ardahan.edu.tr
Received: June 19, 2025
Revised: July 27, 2025
Accepted: October 24, 2025
Published online: December 20, 2025
Processing time: 183 Days and 22.7 Hours
Revised: July 27, 2025
Accepted: October 24, 2025
Published online: December 20, 2025
Processing time: 183 Days and 22.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Hematidrosis is an extremely rare condition characterized by spontaneous bleeding through intact skin, often triggered by emotional stress. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of beta-blockers, particularly propranolol, in managing hematidrosis. The findings indicate that propranolol can significantly reduce symptom frequency and severity, especially when combined with psychotherapy. By focusing solely on clinical studies involving beta-blocker use, this review bridges a critical gap in the literature and highlights the need for standardized treatment protocols and controlled clinical trials. The results support a multidisciplinary approach targeting both physiological and psychological triggers.