Flavonoids extract from Vitex negundo inhibit autophagy by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/ULK signaling cascade in cancerous cells

doi:10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.104678

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2025; 15(3): 104678
Published online Sep 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.104678

Flavonoids extract from Vitex negundo inhibit autophagy by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/ULK signaling cascade in cancerous cells

Gunjan Garg, Shweta Chaudhary, Kalpana Khatana, Alok Bharadwaj

Gunjan Garg, Shweta Chaudhary, Kalpana Khatana, School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201312, Uttar Pradesh, India

Alok Bharadwaj, Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India

Author contributions: Garg G contributed to data collection, writing-original draft; Chaudhary S contributed to investigation, validation and review; Khatana K contributed to supervision, project administration; Bharadwaj A contributed to concept making and methodology, investigation, editing and submission.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Alok Bharadwaj, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, 17 Km Mile Stone, Mathura-Delhi Highway NH-1, Post-Chaumuhan District, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India. alok.bhardwaj@gla.ac.in

Received: January 6, 2025
Revised: February 26, 2025
Accepted: April 9, 2025
Published online: September 20, 2025
Processing time: 227 Days and 21.6 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Vitex negundo (V. negundo) is one of the very crucial plants that have wide packages in traditional structures of medicines. As discuss above V. negundo is a very good supply of flavonoids. Flavonoids are recommended as anticancer retailers because of their natural assets, price-effectiveness, and ease of use. Their intrinsic properties, such as restricted bioavailability, rapid metabolism, untargeted transport, and cytotoxicity to normal cells, prevent their full clinical potential from being discovered. The efficient use of a combination of flavonoids has been suggested to boost their anticancer efficacy, taking into account the potential to concurrently impact unique signaling cascades.