Pregnancy and diabetes: Emerging insights from contemporary diabetes research

doi:10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.109839

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Exp Med. Dec 20, 2025; 15(4): 109839
Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.109839

Pregnancy and diabetes: Emerging insights from contemporary diabetes research

Sanjana Aggarwal, Vatsalya Choudhary, Azra Kothawala, Denise Mourad, Charu Agarwal, Juhi V Amin, Maneeth Mylavarapu, Shaylika Chauhan, Rupak Desai

Sanjana Aggarwal, Department of Internal Medicine, Lal Bahadur Shastri Hospital, New Delhi 110062, India

Vatsalya Choudhary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India

Azra Kothawala, Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum 590010, Karnātaka, India

Denise Mourad, Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, United States

Charu Agarwal, Department of Family Medicine, Marion Health, Marion, IN 46952, United States

Juhi V Amin, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SSG Hospital and Medical College, Baroda 390001, Gujarāt, India

Maneeth Mylavarapu, Department of Health Informatics Management, Baptist Health Walker Hospital, Jasper, AL 35501, United States

Shaylika Chauhan, Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Wikes-Barre, PA 18711, United States

Rupak Desai, Outcomes Research, Independent Researcher, Atlanta, GA 30079, United States

Co-first authors: Sanjana Aggarwal and Vatsalya Choudhary.

Author contributions: Aggarwal S and Choudhary V contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-first authors. Aggarwal S, Choudhary V, Kothawala A, Mourad D, Agarwal C, Amin JV, and Mylavarapu M contributed to writing-original draft, review and editing; Chauhan S contributed to methodology, writing-review and editing, visualization, supervision; Desai R contributed to conceptualization, methodology, software, formal analysis, resources, writing-original draft, writing-review and editing, visualization.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose related to this manuscript. No financial support, grants, or other forms of compensation have been received that could have influenced the outcomes or interpretation of this work.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Shaylika Chauhan, MD, FACP, Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Health System, 1000 E Mountain Blvd, Wikes-Barre, PA 18711, United States. drshaylikachauhan@gmail.com

Received: May 23, 2025
Revised: June 25, 2025
Accepted: November 25, 2025
Published online: December 20, 2025
Processing time: 210 Days and 12.4 Hours

Abstract

This review summarizes the breakthrough studies on diabetes management in pregnancy presented at the 84^th American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions, encompassing 31 presentations, categorized into basic science, clinical studies, therapeutic interventions, and maternal/neonatal outcomes. Basic science investigations reported the enduring impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on offspring adiposity, neurodevelopment, transgenerational metabolic risk, and key insights on β-cell functioning and islet dysfunctioning. Clinical studies explored novel diagnostic and monitoring approaches, highlighting the potential of continuous glucose monitoring for early detection, risk prediction, and personalized management. Therapeutic interventions demonstrated the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists in preventing cognitive deficits in offspring. Maternal and neonatal health studies emphasized the critical role of optimal glycemic control, early gestational diabetes mellitus intervention, and risk stratification utilizing HbA1c and electronic heart records.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; Continuous glucose monitoring; Pregnancy outcomes; Insulin resistance; Maternal-fetal health

Core Tip: Emerging research from the 84^th American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions emphasizes the importance of early detection, continuous glucose monitoring, and targeted interventions in managing gestational diabetes. Findings highlight improved maternal and neonatal outcomes through personalized care, with continuous glucose monitoring metrics and metabolic profiling offering promising tools for risk prediction and therapeutic optimization.