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Publication Name
World Journal of Critical Care Medicine
ISSN
2220-3141
Publisher of This Article
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Randomized Controlled Trial
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Crit Care Med. Jun 9, 2026; 15(2): 114619
Published online Jun 9, 2026. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v15.i2.114619
Table 1 Comparison of age between group A and B, n (%)
Age
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
18-20 years4 (3.33)9 (7.50)13 (5.42)0.109
21-30 years39 (32.50)44 (36.67)83 (34.58)0.109
31-40 years46 (38.33)31 (25.83)77 (32.08)0.109
41-50 years20 (16.67)16 (13.33)36 (15)0.109
51-60 years8 (6.67)14 (11.67)22 (9.17)0.109
61-70 years1 (0.83)5 (4.17)6 (2.50)0.109
71-80 years2 (1.67)1 (0.83)3 (1.25)0.109
mean ± SD35.89 ± 10.0936.08 ± 13.4535.99 ± 11.860.901
Median (25th-75th percentile)33.5 (29-41)33 (26.75-45)33 (28-42.25)0.901
Range19-7818-8018-800.901
Full Size Table
Table 2 Comparison of gender between group A and B, n (%)
Gender
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
Female43 (35.83)36 (30)79 (32.92)0.336
Male77 (64.17)84 (70)161 (67.08)0.336
Total120 (100)120 (100)240 (100)0.336
Full Size Table
Table 3 Comparison of side between group A and B, n (%)
Side
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
Left56 (46.67)73 (60.83)129 (53.75)0.098
Right64 (53.33)47 (39.17)111 (46.25)0.098
Total120 (100)120 (100)240 (100)0.098
Full Size Table
Table 4 Comparison of comorbidities between group A and B, n (%)
Comorbidities
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
Hypertension26 (21.67)36 (30)62 (25.83)0.14
Diabetes mellitus31 (25.83)23 (19.17)54 (22.50)0.216
Hypothyroidism1 (0.83)2 (1.67)3 (1.25)1
Full Size Table
Table 5 Comparison of stone length between group A and B, n (%)
Stone length (mm)
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
mean ± SD15.97 ± 5.2216.74 ± 4.616.35 ± 4.930.224
Median (25th-75th percentile)17 (12-19)17 (14-19.25)17 (13-19)0.224
Range5-286-315-310.224
Full Size Table
Table 6 Comparison of stone diameter between group A and B, n (%)
Stone diameter (mm)
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
mean ± SD10.91 ± 3.5311.07 ± 4.1210.99 ± 3.830.749
Median (25th-75th percentile)10 (8-13)11 (8-14)10 (8-14)0.749
Range5-195-205-200.749
Full Size Table
Table 7 Comparison of stone Hounsfield units between group A and B
Stone HU
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
mean ± SD933.33 ± 406.27942.92 ± 351.19938.12 ± 378.960.845
Median (25th-75th percentile)950 (550-1350)900 (600-1200)925 (600-1250)0.845
Range300-1600400-1550300-16000.845
HU: Hounsfield units.
Full Size Table
Table 8 Comparison of stone length between group A and B, n (%)
Stone length (mm)
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
≤ 5 mm2 (1.67)0 (0)2 (0.83)0.054
5.1-10 mm18 (15)11 (9.17)29 (12.08)0.054
10.1-15 mm35 (29.17)29 (24.17)64 (26.67)0.054
15.1-20 mm42 (35)64 (53.33)106 (44.17)0.054
> 20 mm23 (19.17)16 (13.33)39 (16.25)0.054
mean ± SD15.97 ± 5.2216.74 ± 4.616.35 ± 4.930.224
Median (25th-75th percentile)17 (12-19)17 (14-19.25)17 (13-19)0.224
Range5-286-315-310.224
Full Size Table
Table 9 Comparison of stone diameter between group A and B, n (%)
Stone diameter (mm)
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
≤ 5 mm5 (4.17)8 (6.67)13 (5.42)0.225
5.1-10 mm58 (48.33)50 (41.67)108 (45)0.225
10.1-15 mm44 (36.67)39 (32.50)83 (34.58)0.225
15.1-20 mm13 (10.83)23 (19.17)36 (15)0.225
mean ± SD10.91 ± 3.5311.07 ± 4.1210.99 ± 3.830.749
Median (25th-75th percentile)10 (8-13)11 (8-14)10 (8-14)0.749
Range5-195-205-200.749
Full Size Table
Table 10 Comparison of stone Hounsfield units between group A and B, n (%)
Stone HU
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
≤ 50029 (24.17)17 (14.17)46 (19.17)0.102
501-100038 (31.67)53 (44.17)91 (37.92)0.102
1001-150048 (40)43 (35.83)91 (37.92)0.102
1501-20005 (4.17)7 (5.83)12 (5)0.102
mean ± SD933.33 ± 406.27942.92 ± 351.19938.12 ± 378.960.845
Median (25th-75th percentile)950 (550-1350)900 (600-1200)925 (600-1250)0.845
Range300-1600400-1550300-16000.845
HU: Hounsfield units.
Full Size Table
Table 11 Comparison of stone clearance between group A and B, n (%)
Stone clearance
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
At 1 week28 (23.33)114 (95)142 (59.17)< 0.0001
At 8 weeks67 (55.83)114 (95)181 (75.42)< 0.0001
At 3 months67 (55.83)114 (95)181 (75.42)< 0.0001
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Table 12 Comparison of stone clearance in different stone length between group A and B, n (%)
Stone clearance in different stone length
Group A
Group B
Total
P value
≤ 5 mm1 (50)0 (0)1 (50)-
5.1-10 mm11 (61.11)10 (90.91)21 (72.41)0.11
10.1-15 mm18 (51.43)28 (96.55)46 (71.88)< 0.0001
15.1-20 mm21 (50)61 (95.31)82 (77.36)< 0.0001
> 20 mm16 (69.57)15 (93.75)31 (79.49)0.109
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Table 13 Comparison of stone clearance in different stone diameter between group A and B, n (%)
Stone clearance in different stone diameter
Group A
Group B
Total
P value
≤ 5 mm1 (20)7 (87.50)8 (61.54)0.032
5.1-10 mm31 (53.45)49 (98)80 (74.07)< 0.0001
10.1-15 mm24 (54.55)37 (94.87)61 (73.49)< 0.0001
15.1-20 mm11 (84.62)21 (91.30)32 (88.89)0.609
Full Size Table
Table 14 Comparison of stone clearance in different stone Hounsfield units between group A and B, n (%)
Stone clearance in different stone HU
Group A
Group B
Total
P value
≤ 50016 (55.17)16 (94.12)32 (69.57)0.007
501-100024 (63.16)51 (96.23)75 (82.42)< 0.0001
1001-150023 (47.92)40 (93.02)63 (69.23)< 0.0001
1501-20004 (80)7 (100)11 (91.67)0.417
HU: Hounsfield units.
Full Size Table
Table 15 Comparison of complications between group A and B, n (%)
Complications
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
No complications52 (43.33)30 (25)82 (34.17)0.006
Grade 164 (53.33)80 (66.67)144 (60)0.006
Grade 24 (3.33)10 (8.33)14 (5.83)0.006
Total120 (100)120 (100)240 (100)0.006
Full Size Table
Table 16 Comparison of number of sessions between group A and B, n (%)
Number of sessions
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
128 (23.33)120 (100)148 (61.67)< 0.0001
292 (76.67)0 (0)92 (38.33)< 0.0001
mean ± SD1.77 ± 0.421 ± 01.38 ± 0.49< 0.0001
Median (25th-75th percentile)2 (2-2)1 (1-1)1 (1-2)< 0.0001
Range1-21-11-2< 0.0001
Full Size Table
Table 17 Comparison of stone clearance rate between group A and B, n (%)
Stone clearance rate
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
Stone not cleared53 (44.17)6 (5)59 (24.58)< 0.0001
Stone clearance in 1 session28 (23.33)114 (95)142 (59.17)< 0.0001
Stone clearance in 2 sessions39 (32.50)0 (0)39 (16.25)< 0.0001
Total120 (100)120 (100)240 (100)< 0.0001
Full Size Table
Table 18 Descriptive statistics of duration of hospital stay (group B)
Variable
mean ± SD
Median (25th-75th percentile)
Range
Duration of hospital stay (days)3.2 ± 0.43 (3-3)3-5
Full Size Table
Table 19 Comparison of analgesics between group A and B, n (%)
Analgesics
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
Pre-procedurePre-procedurePre-procedurePre-procedurePre-procedure
NSAID27 (22.50)26 (21.67)53 (22.08)0.988
Opioid11 (9.17)11 (9.17)22 (9.17)0.988
PCM82 (68.33)83 (69.17)165 (68.75)0.988
mean ± SD7.08 ± 1.687.08 ± 1.687.08 ± 1.671
Median (25th-75th percentile)7 (6-8)7 (6-8)7 (6-8)1
Range5-105-105-101
Post-procedurePost-procedurePost-procedurePost-procedurePost-procedure
NSAID10 (8.33)16 (13.33)26 (10.83)0.415
Opiod4 (3.33)5 (4.17)9 (3.75)0.415
PCM106 (88.33)99 (82.50)205 (85.42)0.415
mean ± SD4.94 ± 1.364.94 ± 1.384.94 ± 1.361
Median (25th-75th percentile)5 (4-6)5 (4-6)5 (4-6)1
Range2-82-82-81
At 1 weekAt 1 weekAt 1 weekAt 1 weekAt 1 week
No medication39 (32.50)44 (36.67)83 (34.58)0.335
NSAID0 (0)2 (1.67)2 (0.83)0.335
PCM81 (67.50)74 (61.67)155 (64.58)0.335
mean ± SD3.42 ± 0.924.42 ± 1.333.92 ± 1.25< 0.0001
Median (25th-75th percentile)3 (3-3)4 (3-5)3 (3-4)< 0.0001
Range3-73-93-9< 0.0001
At 8 weeksAt 8 weeksAt 8 weeksAt 8 weeksAt 8 weeks
No medication85 (70.83)96 (80)181 (75.42)0.133
NSAID1 (0.83)0 (0)1 (0.42)0.133
PCM34 (28.33)24 (20)58 (24.17)0.133
mean ± SD2.94 ± 0.953.42 ± 0.993.18 ± 10.0001
Median (25th-75th percentile)3 (2-4)3 (3-4)3 (3-4)0.0001
Range1-61-61-60.0001
NSAID: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PCM: Paracetamol.
Full Size Table
Table 20 Comparison of EQ5D5 L scale between group A and B
EQ5D5 L scale
Group A (n = 120)
Group B (n = 120)
Total
P value
Post-procedurePost-procedurePost-procedurePost-procedurePost-procedure
mean ± SD0.89 ± 0.040.9 ± 0.040.9 ± 0.040.042
Median (25th-75th percentile)0.87 (0.858-0.932)0.9 (0.874-0.949)0.88 (0.874-0.949)0.042
Range0.81-0.950.81-0.950.81-0.950.042
At 8 weeksAt 8 weeksAt 8 weeksAt 8 weeksAt 8 weeks
mean ± SD0.99 ± 0.020.98 ± 0.020.98 ± 0.020.674
Median (25th-75th percentile)1 (0.949-1)1 (0.949-1)1 (0.949-1)0.674
Range0.95-10.95-10.95-10.674
At 3 monthsAt 3 monthsAt 3 monthsAt 3 monthsAt 3 months
mean ± SD1 ± 01 ± 01 ± 01
Median (25th-75th percentile)1 (1-1)1 (1-1)1 (1-1)1
Range1-11-11-11
Full Size Table
Table 21 Comparison of cost between group A and B
Cost
Group A (n = 120)
Group B(n = 120)
Total
P value
mean ± SD4386.67 ± 1827.765049.17 ± 2067.264717.92 ± 1975.190.009
Median (25th-75th percentile)4575 (3237.5-5650)5150 (3087.5-7012.5)4775 (3200-6250)0.009
Range750-78501500-8650750-86500.009
Full Size Table
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