Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Crit Care Med. Sep 9, 2024; 13(3): 92658
Published online Sep 9, 2024. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i3.92658
Table 1 Baseline characteristics among the studied population
Variable
All patients, n = 53
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics, n = 12
Broad-spectrum antibiotics, n = 41
P value
Demographics
Age in yr59.0 ± 12.160.0 ± 13.458.7 ± 11.80.366
BMI in kg/m226.7 ± 4.9 (N = 52)25.7 ± 3.7 (n = 12)26.7 ± 5.2 (n = 40)0.227
Sex0.175
Male45/53 (85.0)1233
Female08
Ethnicity 0.011
African3/53 (5.7)30
Arab24/53 (45.3)411
Asian from Indian subcontinent20/53 (37.7)317
Asia4/53 (7.5)04
Western2/53 (3.8)11
Smoking status0.402
Non-smoker23/51 (45.1)320
Smoker7/51 (13.7)16
Ex-smoker21/51 (41.2)615
Comorbidities
Hypertension28/51 (54.9)4240.086
Diabetes0.305
Type II16/53 (30.2)412
Type I7/53 (13.2)07
COPD2/52 (3.8)021.00
CKD8/53 (15.1)170.665
On dialysis2/53 (3.8)021.00
PVD2/53 (3.8)021.00
Statin use24/52 (46.2)5190.722
ECHO
LVEF as %43.4 ± 16.945.8 ± 12.942.7 ± 18.00.578
LVEF groups0.309
Good, > 50%23/53 (43.4)419
Moderate, 31%-50%16/53 (30.2)610
Poor, 21%-30%10/53 (18.9)28
Very poor, ≤ 20%4/53 (7.5)04
Table 2 Laboratory test measurements among the studied population
Variable
All patients, n = 53
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics, n = 12
Broad-spectrum antibiotics, n = 41
P value
Creatinine in micromole/L95.0 (72.0-110) (N = 51) 79.0 (ΔIQR 24.0) (n = 11)95.0 (ΔIQR 46.0) (n = 40)0.688
Highest creatinine in micromole/L110 (85.0-175) (N = 51)95.0 (ΔIQR 29.0) (n = 11)107.5 (ΔIQR 106) (n = 40)0.457
Bilirubin in micromole/L9.0 (6.9-17.1) (N = 47)8.6 (ΔIQR 26.5) (n = 10)9.5 (ΔIQR 6.7) (n = 37)0.755
SGPT in U/L26.0 (18.0-40.0) (N = 47)18.0 (ΔIQR 13.5) (n = 9)25.5 (ΔIQR 22.3) (n = 38)0.185
HbA1c as %6.3 ± 1.65.9 ± 1.76.3 ± 1.50.243
Hb in mg/dL12.9 ± 2.0 (N = 52)13.2 ± 1.9 (n = 12)12.7 ± 2.0 (n = 40)0.239
WBC as 103/U10.8 ± 5.2 (N = 49)6.8 (ΔIQR 4.0) (n = 10)8.8 (ΔIQR 3.0) (n = 39)0.076
Table 3 Peri-procedural findings
Variable
All patients
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics, n = 12
Broad-spectrum antibiotics, n = 41
P value
Procedure data0.398
CABG31/53 (58.5)724
Valve replacement11/53 (20.8)47
Combined CABG/valve surgery6/53 (11.3)06
Aortic dissection5/53 (9.4)14
Epicardial wires16/52 (30.8)4121.00
CPB in min165 ± 75.3 (N = 50)127.3 ± 67.9 (n = 10)174.4 ± 74.9 (n = 40)0.037
ACC in min85.0 ± 45.7 (N = 41)83.2 ± 50.5 (n = 9)85.4 ± 45.1 (n = 32)0.451
Open chest duration in d3.0 (2.0-5.0)2.0 (ΔIQR 2.0)3.0 (ΔIQR 2.0)0.146
Intraoperative transfusion41/52 (78.8)10311.00
Postoperative transfusion49/51 (96.1)12371.00
Blood loss in mL
At 6 h700 (375-1350) (N = 45)900 (ΔIQR 1050) (n = 11)1050 (ΔIQR 1250) (n = 34)0.864
At 12 h1225 (500-2050) (N = 44)1750 (ΔIQR 1000) (n = 11)1575 (ΔIQR 2088) (n = 33)0.881
At 24 h1700 (775-2800) (N = 45)1900 (ΔIQR 2500) (n = 11)2175 (ΔIQR 3213) (n = 34)0.8443
Total loss2400 (1362-4700) (N = 44)2050 (ΔIQR 4375) (n = 11)3325 (ΔIQR 4300) (n = 33)0.492
Support
Inotropes/vasopressors use
Agent(s) use46/47 (97.9)11351.00
Number of agent(s) used0.385
    02/49 (4.1)02
    13/49 (6.1)21
    216/49 (32.7)412
    320/49 (40.8)515
    48/49 (16.3)17
Number of agents used2.6 ± 0.9 (N = 49)2.4 ± 0.9 (n = 12)2.6 ± 1.0 (n = 37)0.24
IABP use 27/53 (50.9)6210.941
Defibrillation13/53 (24.5)3101.00
Table 4 Clinical outcomes
Variable
All patients
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics, n = 12
Broad-spectrum antibiotics, n = 41
P value
New nosocomial infection20/50 (40.0)5150.736
Time to sepsis/septic shock postoperatively in d4.8 ± 2.6 (N = 50)3.0 (ΔIQR 4.0) (n = 11)3.5 (ΔIQR 2.0) (n = 39)0.586
POAF24/52 (46.2)5190.722
New ECG changes39/51 (76.5)9301.00
Heart block 7/52 (13.5)250.656
LV dysfunction7/52 (13.5)070.181
Postoperative MI2/52 (3.8)021.00
New postoperative stroke0.576
Transient 3/50 (6.0)03
Permanent 5/50 (10.0)14
Duration of ventilation in h70.0 (39.0-190)50.0 (ΔIQR 113)60.0 (ΔIQR 170)0.047
LOS-ICU in d8.0 (3.25-15.5) (N = 52) 5.0 (ΔIQR 5.0) (n = 12)7.5 (ΔIQR 10.0) (n = 40)0.008
LOS-hospital in d27.0 (10.5-47.0) (N = 44)19.0 (ΔIQR 21.0) (n = 11)27.0 (ΔIQR 30.0) (n = 33)0.031
Mortality18/52 (34.6)4141.00
Readmission to ICU5/51 (9.8)141.00