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World J Crit Care Med. Dec 9, 2023; 12(5): 254-263
Published online Dec 9, 2023. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v12.i5.254
Table 1 Various phases of critical illness, its consequences amenable to interventions[53]
Phase of critical illness
Acute illness
Recovery
Early post-discharge recovery
Late post-discharge recovery
Desired outcomeSurvivalDischarge homeStay home and improvingReturn to baseline
LocationICUHospital wardHomeHome
Impediments(1) Late antibiotics or source control for sepsis; (2) Hospital-onset infection (e.g., VAP, CABSI, CAUTI); (3) Lack of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis; and (4) High-tidal volume ventilation for ARDS(1) Immobility; (2) Delirium; (3) Lack of rehabilitation; (4) Polypharmacy; (5) Prolonged catheterization; and (6) Disruption of circadian rhythm(1) Post-intensive care syndrome; (2) Caregiver misinformation; (3) Fragmented care or inadequate follow-up; (4) Vague or incomplete discharge instructions; (5) Non-compliance to medication; (6) Absence of ME; (7) Inadequate rehabilitation; (8) Lack of subspecialist follow-up; and (9) Polypharmacy(1) Post-intensive care syndrome; (2) Inadequate vocational rehabilitation; (3) Disrupted employment; (4) Patient and family financial burden; (5) Socioeconomic barriers to care (insurance, transport); (6) Fragmented or inadequate family support; and (7) Polypharmacy