Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Crit Care Med. Nov 9, 2022; 11(6): 364-374
Published online Nov 9, 2022. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v11.i6.364
Table 1 Comparison of baseline variables among survivors and non-survivors
Parameters
Survivors, n = 169
Non-survivors, n = 231
Total, n = 400
P value
Age in yr62.85 ± 12.4961.45 ± 14.8262.04 ± 13.880.527
Male98 (58.0%)142 (61.5%)240 (60.0%)0.48
Female71 (42.0%)89 (38.5%)160 (40.0%)
DM56 (33.1%)62 (26.8%)118 (29.5%)0.17
Hypertension61 (36.1%)63 (27.3%)124 (31.0%)0.06
Reason for ICU admission
Sepsis42 (24.9%)68 (29.4%)110 (27.5%)0.31
Respiratory distress/failure76 (45.0%)93 (40.3%)169 (42.2%)0.34
Cardiac arrest1 (0.6%)8 (3.5%)9 (2.2%)0.08
Gastrointestinal bleed15 (8.9%)14 (6.1%)29 (7.2%)0.33
Altered sensorium33 (19.5%)45 (19.5%)78 (19.5%)1
Acute kidney injury2 (1.2%)3 (1.3%)5 (1.2%)1
Type of malignancy
Solid organ135 (79.9%)187 (81.0%)322 (80.5%)0.78
Hematological34 (20.1%)44 (19.0%)78 (19.5%)
Metastasis80 (59.3%)145 (77.5%)225 (69.9%)0.001
Previous history of surgery for CA
Yes72 (42.6%)74 (32.0%)146 (36.5%)0.03
No97 (57.4%)157 (68.0%)254 (63.5%)
ICU stay5 (3-8)4 (2-10)5 (3-9)0.58
Hospital stay14 (8-21)11 (5-22)12 (7-21)0.006
Use of MV24 (14.2%)130 (56.3%)154 (38.5%)< 0.001
Days of MV5 (3-7.75)3 (2-6)3 (2-7)0.002
Use of renal support7 (4.1%)29 (12.6%)36 (9.0%)0.004
Days of renal support2.14 ± 0.902.48 ± 2.062.42 ± 1.880.786
Use of vasopressor support26 (15.4%)174 (75.3%)200 (50.0%)< 0.001
Days of vasopressor support3 (2-4)2 (1.75-4.0)2 (2-4)0.276
Table 2 Comparison between survivors and non-survivors for various scores
Scoring system
Survivors, n = 169
Non-survivors, n = 231
Total, n = 400
P value
APACHE II17.66 ± 4.9622.82 ± 8.3420.64 ± 7.55< 0.001
APACHE II PDR28.10 ± 17.7444.04 ± 25.8837.30 ± 24.10< 0.001
APACHE III59.01 ± 16.9581.36 ± 31.3771.92 ± 28.46< 0.001
APACHE III PDR17.59 ± 15.8037.59 ± 28.5129.14 ± 25.91< 0.001
APACHE IV58.80 ± 16.9880.45 ± 31.7071.30 ± 28.55< 0.001
APACHE IV PDR20.45 ± 14.9940.45 ± 27.9132.00 ± 25.33< 0.001
SAPS II34.67 ± 11.8349.20 ± 19.8743.06 ± 18.39< 0.001
SAPS II PDR19.81 ± 16.9742.83 ± 30.5133.10 ± 28.06< 0.001
SAPS III PDR18.12 ± 16.9534.66 ± 24.1227.67 ± 22.88< 0.001
SOFA Score5.76 ± 2.809.02 ± 4.587.64 ± 4.24< 0.001
MPM II0 PDR33.39 ± 15.0852.16 ± 26.6344.23 ± 24.31< 0.001
Table 3 Comparison of the actual and predicted mortality rates for the various scoring systems
Scoring system
Actual mortality
Predicted mortality
SMR
95%CI
APACHE II0.5770.3731.5471.423-1.678
APACHE III0.5770.2911.9821.824-2.151
APACHE IV0.5770.3201.8031.659-1.956
SAPS II 0.5770.3311.7431.604-1.891
SAPS III 0.5770.2772.0831.917-2.26
MPM II0 PDR0.5770.4421.3051.201-1.416
Table 4 Lemeshow-Hosmer goodness-of-fit tests for evaluating the calibration of the scoring systems
Scoring system
Chi square value
P value
APACHE II9.3660.312
APACHE II PDR12.1590.144
APACHE III4.7070.788
APACHE III PDR6.4710.595
APACHE IV9.3310.315
APACHE IV PDR10.7630.216
SAPS II9.4790.304
SAPS II PDR10.4100.237
SAPS III PDR10.7870.214
SOFA Score15.9660.025
MPM II0 PDR11.2650.187
Table 5 Area under curve for predicting hospital mortality for various scoring system
Scoring system
AUC
P value
95%CI
Cut off
Sensitivity
Specificity
APACHE II0.688< 0.0010.637-0.739> 18.567.5%62.7%
APACHE III0.720< 0.0010.672-0.769> 78.546.8%87.6%
APACHE IV0.708< 0.0010.659-0.758> 72.553.7%79.3%
SAPS II0.734< 0.0010.685-0.782> 34.576.2%60.4%
SAPS III PDR0.762< 0.0010.715-0.80839.044.3%92.0%
SOFA Score0.715< 0.0010.665-0.764> 7.558.0%79.3%
MPM II0 PDR0.762< 0.0010.714-0.81036.4571.3%69.9%
Table 6 Correlation of different scoring system with each other
Scoring system
APACHE II Score
A2 PDR
APACHE III Score
A3 PDR
APACHE IV Score
A4 PDR
SAPS II Score
SAPS2 PDR
SAPS 3 PDR
SOFA score
APACHE II Scorer value0.8980.8920.8360.8830.8260.8200.8120.7480.679
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
A2 PDRr value0.8980.8240.8320.8140.8050.7510.7520.7160.635
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
APACHE III Scorer value0.8920.8240.9290.9660.8950.9100.9020.8200.753
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
A3 PDRr value0.8360.8320.9290.8970.8950.8510.8520.7630.711
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
APACHE IV Scorer value0.8830.8140.9660.8970.9150.8900.8770.8210.762
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
A4 PDRr value0.8260.8050.8950.8950.9150.8360.8390.7820.727
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
SAPS II Scorer value0.8200.7510.9100.8510.8900.8360.9720.8140.756
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
SAPS 2 PDRr value0.8120.7520.9020.8520.8770.8390.9720.8130.773
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
SAPS 3 PDRr value0.7480.7160.8200.7630.8210.7820.8140.8130.684
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
SOFA scorer value0.6790.6350.7530.7110.7620.7270.7560.7730.684
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
MPM II0 PDRr value0.7040.6530.7770.7290.7590.7340.7900.8050.7140.700
P value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000