Tan DTM, See KC. Diagnosis and management of severe pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in critically ill patients: A mini review for clinicians. World J Crit Care Med 2024; 13(2): 91435 [PMID: 38855275 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i2.91435]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Dominic Ti Ming Tan, MBChB, Doctor, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore. dominic.tan.ti.ming@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Critical Care Medicine
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Crit Care Med. Jun 9, 2024; 13(2): 91435 Published online Jun 9, 2024. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i2.91435
Diagnosis and management of severe pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in critically ill patients: A mini review for clinicians
Dominic Ti Ming Tan, Kay Choong See
Dominic Ti Ming Tan, Kay Choong See, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
Author contributions: Tan DTM performed the literature review and wrote the paper; See KC oversaw the write up and contributed to the final edit.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there are no conflict-of-interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Dominic Ti Ming Tan, MBChB, Doctor, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore. dominic.tan.ti.ming@gmail.com
Received: December 30, 2023 Revised: February 4, 2024 Accepted: March 25, 2024 Published online: June 9, 2024 Processing time: 155 Days and 15.9 Hours
Abstract
Among critically ill patients, severe pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis has high morbidity and mortality. Yet, it is a diagnostic challenge given its nonspecific clinical symptoms and signs in early stages of the disease. In addition, management of severe pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis is complicated given the high risk of drug-drug interactions, drug-disease interactions, and adverse drug reactions. To help clinicians acquire an up-to-date approach to severe tuberculosis, this paper will provide a narrative review of contemporary diagnosis and management of severe pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in critically ill patients.
Core Tip: Tuberculosis requiring high dependency or intensive care support is rare yet carries a high morbidity and mortality rate. Whilst pulmonary disease remains the most common manifestation, the management of other lesser known extrapulmonary disease also pose their own set of challenges. Modern advances in diagnosis and treatment options aim to tackle the challenges of delayed recognition and reduce complication rates. We discuss the myriad of ways tuberculosis can manifest in the intensive care unit, the challenges in its management, and the diagnostic tools available for early diagnosis and treatment.
